taxonID	type	description	language	source
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 4	en	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Similar to Cyathodium tuberosum but differing in the ventral surface of female involucres without hairs, and spores permanently united in tetrads, with irregular, tuberculate projections all over the surface.	en	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet, consisting of ‘ tetra’ and ‘ sporum’, means that the spores are permanently united in tetrads.	en	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype CHINA – Yunnan Province • Xianggelila County, from Habaxueshan to Luoji Town; 27 ° 34 ʹ 17.00 ʺ N, 100 ° 00 ʹ 57.34 ʺ E; 2997 m a. s. l.; 17 Sep. 2016; Y. L. Xiang 20160917 - 11 B; on soil; HSNU. Other material examined CHINA – Yunnan Province • Xianggelila County, from Habaxueshan to Luoji Town; 27 ° 34 ʹ 4.79 ʺ N, 100 ° 00 ʹ 57.30 ʺ E; 2970 m a. s. l.; 29 Aug. 2022; R. L. Zhu et al. 20220829 - 5; on soil; HSNU.	en	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	description	Description Male plants not seen. Female plants thalloid, light green, 1 – 2 × furcate, 3 – 5 mm long and 1 – 2 mm broad, yellowish green. Dorsal pores absent, or rare, only on posterior part of the thallus, simple; dorsal epidermal cells subquadrate to polygonal, thin-walled, 42 – 72 μm long, 22 – 48 μm wide. Midrib absent. Air chambers in one row, without filaments. Rhizoids numerous on ventral surface, hyaline and smooth. Ventral scales inconspicuous, sometimes uni- or biseriate, without appendages, uniseriate to multiseriate, 2 – 7 cells long, 2 – 3 cells wide at base. Tubers and ventral branches absent. Involucres bivalved, large, ovoid, not projecting beyond the thallus margin, mouth narrow, ventral surface of involucres without hairs. Sporophytes usually one in each involucre, seta remaining short. Capsules ovoid-globose, 0.4 – 0.6 mm in diameter, blackish-brown; capsule wall single-layered. Spores permanently united in tetrads, brown, tetrads 62 – 78 μm in diameter, with irregular, tuberculate projections all over the surface. Elaters rare, 302 – 351 μm long, 14.4 – 15.6 μm wide, usually trispiral.	en	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status assessment This species is currently known only from Xianggelila County, where it inhabits a minuscule area (0.0002 km ²) of damp soil beneath shrubs within stream valleys. As mentioned below, the species has only been found at a single location, in spite of extensive bryophyte inventorying across southwestern China. Being restricted to a single location and exhibiting an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of only 0.0002 km ², it persists in a highly fragmented landscape that has undergone significant decline in both extent and quality. Consequently, we recommend its classification as Critically Endangered under IUCN criterion CR B 2 ab (iii) (IUCN 2012).	en	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat The new species is known only from Xianggelila County, northwestern Yunnan, China. It grows on damp soils under shrubs in stream valleys (Fig. 2), associated with Cryptomitrium himalayense Kashyap, Cyathodium indicum Udar & S. K. Singh, and Targionia hypophylla L.	en	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
