identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.text	0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyathodium tetrasporum R. L. Zhu & You L. Xiang 2026	<div><p>Cyathodium tetrasporum R.L.Zhu &amp; You L.Xiang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2–4</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Similar to Cyathodium tuberosum but differing in the ventral surface of female involucres without hairs, and spores permanently united in tetrads, with irregular, tuberculate projections all over the surface.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet, consisting of ‘tetra’ and ‘sporum’, means that the spores are permanently united in tetrads.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype CHINA – Yunnan Province • Xianggelila County, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.01593&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.57139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.01593/lat 27.57139)">Habaxueshan to Luoji Town</a>; 27°34ʹ17.00ʺ N, 100°00ʹ57.34ʺ E; 2997 m a.s.l.; 17 Sep. 2016; Y.L. Xiang 20160917-11B; on soil; HSNU.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>CHINA – Yunnan Province • Xianggelila County, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.015915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.567999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.015915/lat 27.567999)">Habaxueshan to Luoji Town</a>; 27°34ʹ4.79ʺ N, 100°00ʹ57.30ʺ E; 2970 m a.s.l.; 29 Aug. 2022; R.L. Zhu et al. 20220829-5; on soil; HSNU .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male plants not seen. Female plants thalloid, light green, 1–2× furcate, 3–5 mm long and 1–2 mm broad, yellowish green. Dorsal pores absent, or rare, only on posterior part of the thallus, simple; dorsal epidermal cells subquadrate to polygonal, thin-walled, 42–72 μm long, 22–48 μm wide. Midrib absent. Air chambers in one row, without filaments. Rhizoids numerous on ventral surface, hyaline and smooth. Ventral scales inconspicuous, sometimes uni- or biseriate, without appendages, uniseriate to multiseriate, 2–7 cells long, 2–3 cells wide at base. Tubers and ventral branches absent. Involucres bivalved, large, ovoid, not projecting beyond the thallus margin, mouth narrow, ventral surface of involucres without hairs. Sporophytes usually one in each involucre, seta remaining short. Capsules ovoid-globose, 0.4–0.6 mm in diameter, blackish-brown; capsule wall single-layered. Spores permanently united in tetrads, brown, tetrads 62–78 μm in diameter, with irregular, tuberculate projections all over the surface. Elaters rare, 302–351 μm long, 14.4–15.6 μm wide, usually trispiral.</p><p>Preliminary conservation status assessment</p><p>This species is currently known only from Xianggelila County, where it inhabits a minuscule area (0.0002 km ²) of damp soil beneath shrubs within stream valleys. As mentioned below, the species has only been found at a single location, in spite of extensive bryophyte inventorying across southwestern China. Being restricted to a single location and exhibiting an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of only 0.0002 km ², it persists in a highly fragmented landscape that has undergone significant decline in both extent and quality. Consequently, we recommend its classification as Critically Endangered under IUCN criterion CR B2ab(iii) (IUCN 2012).</p><p>Distribution and habitat</p><p>The new species is known only from Xianggelila County, northwestern Yunnan, China. It grows on damp soils under shrubs in stream valleys (Fig. 2), associated with Cryptomitrium himalayense Kashyap, Cyathodium indicum Udar &amp; S.K.Singh, and Targionia hypophylla L.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0000EB67FFCFFFFBDFBDFC45E6B44DDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xiang, You-Liang;Xu, Hao;Zhu, Rui-Liang	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
0000EB67FFC0FFF9DEBEFC8EE02C4A36.text	0000EB67FFC0FFF9DEBEFC8EE02C4A36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyathodium Lehm.	<div><p>Key to the species of Cyathodium in China</p><p>1. Plants possessing non-hairy involucres ........................................................................................... 2</p><p>– Plants possessing hairy involucres ................................................................................................... 4</p><p>2. Mature spores permanently united in tetrads ............................................... C. tetrasporum sp. nov.</p><p>– Mature spores not permanently united in tetrads ............................................................................. 3</p><p>3. Spores 40–83 μm in diameter with baculate ornamentations; thalli up to 4 mm wide; elaters 8–11 per capsule ........................................................................................... C. cavernarum Kunze ex Lehm.</p><p>– Spores 36–52 μm in diameter with small granulose ornamentation; thalli 0.5–2.6 mm wide; elaters 4–8 per capsule ......................................................................................... C. smaragdinum Schiffn.</p><p>4. Mature spores singly or in diads; spore surface with baculate-tuberculate ornamentation ................ ........................................................................................................... C. indicum Udar &amp; D.K.Singh</p><p>– Mature spores occurring singly; spore surface with baculate-muricate ornamentation .................. 5</p><p>5. Thallus with ventral pores; spores with spinate ornamentations, spines with rounded apex ............. ....................................................................................................................... C. tuberosum Kashyap</p><p>– Thallus without ventral pores; spores with tuberculate or spinate ornamentations, spines with pointed apex .................................................................................................................................................. 6</p><p>6. Spores with spinate ornamentation, spines 5–7 μm long ...................... C. aureonitens (Griff.) Mitt.</p><p>– Spores with tuberculate ornamentation, tubercles 2.5–3.0 μm long ................................................... .................................................................................................. C. tuberculatum Udar &amp; D.K.Singh</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0000EB67FFC0FFF9DEBEFC8EE02C4A36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xiang, You-Liang;Xu, Hao;Zhu, Rui-Liang	Xiang, You-Liang, Xu, Hao, Zhu, Rui-Liang (2026): Cyathodium tetrasporum (Cyathodiaceae, Marchantiopsida), a new species of liverworts with spores permanently united in tetrads. European Journal of Taxonomy 1034: 119-132, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3145, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3145/14019
