identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BC01D0D2F6F4522C9C49741043E6887B.text	BC01D0D2F6F4522C9C49741043E6887B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterelmis cervina (Grouvelle 1896) Linský & Čiampor 2026	<div><p>Heterelmis cervina (Grouvelle, 1896) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7 A, B</p><p>Helmis cervina Grouvelle, 1896: 51 .</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Lectotype (here designated): Bolivia • ♂ “ ♂ // Yungas de Cochabamba Bolivie // Prépar. Genit. N 26666.3 // Museum Paris Coll. A. Grouvelle 1917 // Helmis cervina ty. Grouv [according to A. Mantilleri (pers. comm.), the abbreviation “ ty. ” was used by Grouvelle to indicate specimens belonging to the type series] // J. Delève 1966 Heterelmis cervina Grouv. // Muséum Paris // Elmis cervina incertae sedis See Jäch et al. 2016 // This specimen is a Heterelmis Thiago Polizei det. 2022 ” (MNHN).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In the original description, Grouvelle (1896) stated that the type was in his collection but did not indicate how many specimens were examined. Only a single specimen attributable to this taxon was found in Grouvelle’s collection (A. Mantilleri pers. comm.). This specimen clearly belongs to Heterelmis, as it has a subparallel body, a pronotum with sublateral carinae extending from the base almost to the anterior margin, a transverse median impression, a short median longitudinal groove, an oblique impression on each side of the basal half, and elytra with longitudinal carinae on intervals VI and VIII (Hinton 1940 a). Since it is unclear whether the type series originally consisted of a single specimen (in which case it would constitute a holotype by monotypy), we adopt a more cautious approach and treat it as a syntype, which we hereby designate as lectotype. This species raises the number of known species of this genus in Bolivia to three, together with H. longior (Grouvelle, 1896) and H. neglecta Grouvelle, 1896 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC01D0D2F6F4522C9C49741043E6887B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Linský, Marek;Čiampor, Fedor	Linský, Marek, Čiampor, Fedor (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Hexanchorus Sharp, 1882 and Heterelmis Sharp, 1882 from Bolivia (Coleoptera, Elmidae). ZooKeys 1270: 51-68, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1270.178101
670EFF456C6955ADA8650E977D9F497F.text	670EFF456C6955ADA8650E977D9F497F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hexanchorus siriono Linský & Čiampor 2026	<div><p>Hexanchorus siriono sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5 A – C, 6 D, 7 C</p><p>Type material.</p><p>(5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀) Holotype: Bolivia • ♂ “ ♂ // BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.6/lat -18.1)">Amboro National Park Los Volcanes</a>, c. 1000 m 18 ° 06 ' S, 63 ° 36 ' W 20 / xi- 12 / xii / 2004 // MV Light Sheet by tree fall Barclay, M. V. L. &amp; Mendel, H. BMHN (E) 2004-280 // Hexanchorus tibialis Hinton, 1935 T. T. S. Polizei det. 2017 ” (NHMUK) . Allotype: • ♀ as in the holotype, except for the female gender symbol (NHMUK) . Paratypes: • 4 ♂♂ as in the holotype (gender symbol missing in one specimen), (NHMUK); • 2 ♀♀ “ BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Rio la Negra (mts.) 71 / 11 / 8 H. P. Brown // Catalog No. OMNH -112373 // Hexanchorus det. H. P. B. ” (OMNH) .</p><p>Putative additional material.</p><p>Bolivia • 2 larvae “ BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Rio la Negra (mts.) 71 / 11 / 8 H. P. Brown // Catalog No. OMNH -112373 // Hexanchorus det. H. P. B. ” (OMNH) .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Two larvae (Fig. 7 C) were collected together with two females at the Río La Negra locality. They belong to the genus Hexanchorus, as they have a fusiform, slightly dorsoventrally depressed body with setose lateral thoracic and abdominal extensions, a rounded terminal segment, a dorsal tubercle on each side of the posterior margin of segment VIII, and ventral pleural sclerites on abdominal segments I – VI (Manzo and Archangelsky 2008; Linský et al. 2022). They may or may not belong to H. siriono sp. nov. because species-level diagnostic larval characters for Hexanchorus have not been documented so far.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Hexanchorus siriono sp. nov. can be distinguished from all species of the genus by combination of the following characters: 1) large size CL 3.56–3.90 mm (n = 5); 2) protarsi strongly dilated laterally; 3) mesotibia with anterior lateral pubescent area reaching slightly behind basal 1 / 3, posterior lateral pubescent area in basal 1 / 3; 4) mesotibia with a distinct tubercle on the inner side of tibial apex; 5) metatibia with a distinct tubercle on the inner side of tibial apex; 6) elytral apices with inner margins obliquely truncate; 7) fifth ventrite apically moderately deeply and broadly emarginate; 8) penis subparallel in basal 3 / 5, apically expanded into a blunt, arrowhead-like apex.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body elongate, subparallel (Fig. 3 A, B), dorsum moderately convex. CL 3.56–3.90 mm (n = 5), EW 1.27–1.37 mm (n = 5). Dorsal surface densely covered with fine, short, recumbent, grey setae, often with green iridescence, and with sparser, longer, darker, semierect setae. Ventral surface densely clothed with fine, long, golden, recumbent setae forming a tightly interlaced layer, together with longer and slightly thicker golden, semierect setae. Colour: cuticle black to dark reddish brown; basal antennal segments I – II, mouthparts, trochanters, bases of femora, mesotibiae, and claws paler.</p><p>Head partly retractable into prothorax, without distinct impressions. Surface microreticulate, with dense, fine punctures and sparse, coarse punctures. Clypeus with anterior margin truncate, anterior angles broadly rounded. Labrum densely setose, feebly emarginate anteromedially, expanded laterally with sides broadly rounded. Eyes suboval in lateral view, protruding from head outline, bordered by long, dark, curved setae (“ eyelashes ”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward the middle of the eye. Antennae eleven segmented, densely pubescent with short, pale setae, first two segments also with numerous long, darker, hair-like setae.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum PL 0.82–0.86 mm (n = 5), PW 0.95–1.02 mm (n = 5), widest at basal 2 / 5; with complete transverse depression in apical third, small basolateral impressions, and two prescutellar foveae; sublateral carinae absent; with feeble medial sulcus in basal half; lateral margins convex before and after depression; anterior margin arcuate, anterior angles rounded; posterior margin trisinuate, broadly arcuate on each side and narrowly in front of scutellum; posterior angles suborthogonal. Scutellum subtriangular. Hypomera moderately wide, narrowed in the middle. Prosternum very short in front of procoxae; prosternal process elongate, broad at base, tapering apically to a subacute apex. Mesoventrite short, with a broad, deep, median depression for reception of the prosternal process. Metaventrite long and wide, disc broadly concave with a narrow longitudinal impression on midline; anterior margin concave laterally and convex medially. Legs slender and very long. Pro- and metatibia fully clothed; mesotibia with anterior lateral pubescent area reaching slightly behind basal 1 / 3, posterior lateral pubescent area in basal 1 / 3. Apices of meso- and metatibia each with a distinct tubercle on inner side. Protarsus strongly dilated on inner half (Fig. 6 D). Fourth tarsomere with a distinctive, apicoventral, long, erect, hair-like seta about half as long as the last tarsal segment. Tarsal claws long and stout. Elytra EL 2.75–3.04 mm (n = 5), EW 1.27–1.37 mm (n = 5), widest across humeri; more than three times longer than pronotum, subparallel in anterior 4 / 5. Each elytron with 10 rows of small punctures; punctures on the mid-disc round, separated longitudinally by 2–4 times their diameter, becoming finer and shallower toward the sides and apex, and nearly effaced apically. Intervals flat to slightly depressed; sutural interval weakly raised on the posterior half. Lateral margins smooth; apex with inner margin obliquely truncate. Epipleura narrow, oblique near basal 1 / 3, then inflexed horizontally.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 3 E) with five clearly visible ventrites. Intercoxal process subtriangular with rounded apex. First three ventrites concave medially; fifth ventrite apically moderately deeply and broadly emarginate. Cuticle densely covered with short, golden, recumbent setae. Aedeagus (Fig. 4) robust but elongate, penis subparallel in basal 3 / 5, apically expanded into a blunt, arrowhead-like apex. Corona membranous, dorsal fibula absent. Membranous sac with a large, apically narrowed ventral sclerite (fibula major). Parameres about 2 / 3 as long as penis, in ventral view fused in the middle, in lateral view widest at base, tapering towards broadly rounded apex. Phallobase slightly shorter than penis, in ventral view subparallel, in lateral view curved. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5 C) with long and stout median strut; apically broadly bisinuate; set with moderately long, curved, semi-erect, hair-like setae.</p><p>Female. (Fig. 3 C, D) externally similar to male, slightly larger; elytral apex produced with inner margin obliquely truncate; meso- and metatibia without apical tubercle on inner side; protarsus simple; first three ventrites medially convex and fifth ventrite apically with deep, but moderately narrow, arcuate emargination (Fig. 3 F, G). Ovipositor (Fig. 5 A) with coxites and styli short; coxites broad at base; baculi long and slender. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5 B) with long and rather wide median strut; apically bisinuate, very deeply but narrowly emarginate; densely set with moderately long, curved, semi-erect, hair-like setae. Females vary in size (CL 3.81–3.90 mm, PL 0.77–0.85 mm, PW 0.97–1.04 mm, EL 2.98–3.07 mm, EW 1.34–1.42 mm; n = 3).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>The holotype (CL 3.90 mm, PL 0.86 mm, PW 1.02 mm, EL 3.04 mm, EW 1.37 mm; n = 1) is larger than the other four males (CL 3.56–3.66 mm, PL 0.82–0.83 mm, PW 0.95–0.96 mm, EL 2.75–2.84 mm, EW 1.34–1.42 mm; n = 4), but they agree in all other characters, including body shape, structure of the aedeagus, male secondary sexual characters, mesotibial pubescence, and the shape of the elytral apices.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Siriono, are indigenous people of eastern Bolivia who live a semi-nomadic foraging life with minimal material culture. They are traditionally known for their use of exceptionally long bows, 2–3 m in length, with even longer arrows, which they employ in subsistence hunting (Holmberg 1969). The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the geographic connection between the Siriono homeland and the type locality (Santa Cruz, eastern Bolivia), and to the arrowhead-like apex of the aedeagus. The group is also vividly portrayed by Germain in his travel writings on Bolivia.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from two localities in the Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia: one in Los Volcanes, Amboró National Park, and the other from “ Río La Negra ”. The latter likely refers to a stream near the settlement of La Negra (Mapcarta 2025), possibly the arroyo (quebrada) La Negra that flows into the Río Laja, where the river changes its name to Río Bermejo. If so, both localities are less than 10 km apart.</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>This species resembles H. caraibus (Coquerel, 1851) and H. tarsalis Hinton, 1937 in having the protarsi laterally dilated in males, but differs from both by its larger body size (CL 3.56–3.90 mm in H. siriono sp. nov., 2.82–3.16 mm in H. caraibus, 3.28–3.45 mm in H. tarsalis), the presence of distinct carinae ending in a single tubercle on the inner margins of the meso- and metatibial apices (vs only feeble, longitudinal carinae in the other two species), and by a greater extent of lateral pubescence on the mesotibia (restricted to the extreme base in H. caraibus and to the basal 1 / 6 in H. tarsalis). The median lobe of H. siriono sp. nov. is subparallel in the basal 3 / 5, then apically expanded into a blunt, arrowhead-like apex, whereas in H. caraibus and H. tarsalis it is subparallel and straight basally, then gradually narrowing to a rounded apex without lateral expansion (Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1992; unpublished data).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/670EFF456C6955ADA8650E977D9F497F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Linský, Marek;Čiampor, Fedor	Linský, Marek, Čiampor, Fedor (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Hexanchorus Sharp, 1882 and Heterelmis Sharp, 1882 from Bolivia (Coleoptera, Elmidae). ZooKeys 1270: 51-68, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1270.178101
DC2EFDB14DA352A59DFCD1D996CE4B78.text	DC2EFDB14DA352A59DFCD1D996CE4B78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hexanchorus tibialis H. E. Hinton 1935	<div><p>Hexanchorus tibialis Hinton, 1935</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 5 D, 6 A</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>(1 ♂) Holotype: Bolivia • ♂ “ Type // Bolivia // Yungas de Cochabamba Bolivie // Fry Coll. 1905.100. // 69276 // type tibialis H. E. Hinton // NHMUK 010875808 ” (NHMUK) .</p><p>Condition.</p><p>The holotype (Fig. 1 A) lacks antennae; the left protarsus lacks the last two segments, the right protarsus has only the first segment intact; middle legs are missing; the left metatarsus is incomplete, lacking the last two segments. The last two abdominal ventrites, as well as the sixth ventrite, are glued next to the specimen.</p><p>Non-type material examined.</p><p>(2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀) Bolivia • ♂ “ ♂ // Yungas de Cochabamba Bolivie // Type // Xexanchorus montanus = ined. Grouv // J. Delève det., 1967 Hexanchorus tibialis Hntn // Muséum Paris // Hexanchorus tibialis Hinton, 1935 Vidit Thiago Polizei 2017 ” (MNHN) • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ [examined from photographs only] sharing the following three labels: “ Yungas de Cochabamba Bolivie // Museum Paris Coll. A. Grouvelle 1917 // J. Delève det., 1966 Hexanchorus tibialis Hntn ”, differing only in the fourth label “ Muséum Paris ” followed by accession numbers EC 56316 (♂) and EC 56313 – EC 56315 (♀♀), (MNHN) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Hexanchorus tibialis can be distinguished from all species of the genus by combination of the following characters: 1) large size, CL 3.52–3.63 mm (n = 3); 2) mesotibia with anterior lateral pubescent area in basal 1 / 5, posterior lateral pubescent area long at basal 1 / 2; 3) mesotibia with a distinct apical tubercle on the inner side; 4) metatibia with a small and obliquely longitudinal apical tubercle on the inner side; 5) elytral apices rounded; 6) penis gradually narrowing towards apex from ca basal 1 / 3, subapically abruptly constricted into a rounded apex.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Male. Body elongate, subparallel, dorsum moderately convex (Fig. 1 A – C). CL 3.52–3.63 mm (n = 3); EW 1.24–1.28 mm (n = 3). Dorsal surface densely covered with fine, short, recumbent, grey setae, often with green iridescence, and with sparser, longer, darker, semierect setae. Colour: cuticle black to dark reddish brown; basal antennal segments I – II, mouthparts, trochanters, bases of femora, mesotibiae, and claws paler.</p><p>Head partly retractable into prothorax, without distinct impressions. Surface microreticulate, with dense, fine punctures and sparse, coarse punctures. Clypeus with anterior margin truncate, anterior angles broadly rounded. Labrum feebly emarginate anteromedially, expanded laterally with sides broadly rounded, densely setose. Eyes suboval in lateral view, protruding from head outline, bordered by long, dark, curved setae (“ eyelashes ”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward the middle of the eye. Antennae 11 - segmented, densely pubescent with short, pale setae, first two segments also with numerous long, darker, hair-like setae.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum PL 0.76–0.82 mm (n = 3), PW 0.94–0.95 mm (n = 3), widest at basal 2 / 5; with complete transverse depression in apical third, small basolateral impressions, and two prescutellar foveae; sublateral carinae absent; medial sulcus indistinct; lateral margins convex before and after depression; anterior margin arcuate, anterior angles rounded; posterior margin trisinuate, broadly arcuate on each side and narrowly in front of scutellum; posterior angles suborthogonal. Scutellum subtriangular. Hypomera moderately wide, narrowed in the middle. Legs slender and very long. Pro- and metatibia fully clothed; mesotibia with anterior lateral pubescent area in basal 1 / 5, posterior lateral pubescent area long at basal 1 / 2. Apex of mesotibia with a distinct tubercle on inner side, apex of metatibia with a small and obliquely longitudinal tubercle. Protarsus simple (Fig. 6 A). Fourth tarsomere with a distinctly longer, apicoventral, erect, hair-like seta about half as long as the last tarsal segment. Tarsal claws long and stout. Elytra EL 2.70–2.87 mm (n = 3), EW 1.24–1.28 mm (n = 3), widest across humeri; more than three times longer than pronotum, subparallel in anterior 4 / 5. Each elytron with 10 rows of small punctures; punctures on the mid-disc round, separated longitudinally by 2–4 times their diameter, becoming finer and shallower toward sides and apex, and nearly effaced apically. Intervals flat to slightly depressed; sutural interval weakly raised on the posterior half. Lateral margins smooth; apex narrowly and evenly rounded on the inner side. Epipleura narrow, oblique near basal 1 / 3, then inflexed horizontally.</p><p>Aedeagus (Fig. 2) elongate and slender, penis almost subparallel, apically gradually narrowing from approximately basal 1 / 3, subapically abruptly constricted into a rounded apex. Corona membranous, dorsal fibula absent. Membranous sack with a long, slender, weakly sinuate ventral sclerite (fibula major sensu Linský et al. 2022). Parameres about half as long as penis, in ventral view fused in the middle, in lateral view widest at base, tapering towards broadly rounded apex. Phallobase slightly longer than penis, in ventral view subparallel, in lateral view curved. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5 D) with long and stout median strut; apically broadly bisinuate; densely set with moderately long, curved, semierect, hair-like setae.</p><p>Female externally similar to male, slightly larger; elytral apex produced with inner margin nearly straight; meso- and metatibia without apical tubercle on inner side (Figs 1 D – F). Females vary in size (CL 3.95–4.04 mm [n = 3], PL 0.86–0.91 mm [n = 2], PW 1.06–1.09 mm [n = 2], EL 3.04–3.16 mm [n = 3], EW 1.44–1.51 mm [n = 3]).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ventral side and female genitalia were not examined.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from the Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia (for possible collecting sites, see Discussion), and Cusco and Madre de Dios regions, Peru (Shepard and Chaboo 2015; W. D. Shepard pers. comm.).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>This species differs from its congener H. siriono sp. nov. by the absence of laterally dilated protarsi in males, by the shorter anterior (basal 1 / 5 vs basal 1 / 3) and longer posterior (basal 1 / 2 vs basal 1 / 3) lateral pubescence on the mesotibia, and by the median lobe, which is apically constricted (vs apically expanded laterally in H. siriono sp. nov.). The lack of sexual dimorphism in the protarsi and profemora, together with a more distinct mesotibial apical carina and a less distinct metatibial one, places this species near several Ecuadorian Hexanchorus species. Most of these differ from H. tibialis by a greater extent of mesotibial pubescence (anteriorly reaching at least the midlength vs basal 1 / 5 and posteriorly reaching at least basal 2 / 3 vs basal 1 / 2), except H. rostratus Linský et al., 2019, in which it is restricted to the extreme base anteriorly and to the basal 1 / 4 posteriorly. These two species differ in the extent of mesotibial pubescence, in the shape of the elytral apices (rounded vs feebly produced and projected outwards), and in the morphology of the median lobe, which is wider with a preapical constriction in H. tibialis, and narrow, gradually tapering into an apex in H. rostratus (Linský et al. 2019; unpublished data).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC2EFDB14DA352A59DFCD1D996CE4B78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Linský, Marek;Čiampor, Fedor	Linský, Marek, Čiampor, Fedor (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Hexanchorus Sharp, 1882 and Heterelmis Sharp, 1882 from Bolivia (Coleoptera, Elmidae). ZooKeys 1270: 51-68, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1270.178101
