taxonID	type	description	language	source
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. CHINA: 1 queen (SYSBM, En- 431714), Tibet, Linzhi City, Medog County, 29 ° 14 ’ 40 ’’ N, 95 ° 09 ’ 55 ’’ E, 700 m alt., 01. viii. 2024, Jinhong Zheng leg.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype queen. DPW 0.24, EL 0.14, GL 1.02, HL 0.72, HW 0.48, PtH 0.32, PtL 0.41, PW 0.42, SL 0.56, TL 3.21, WL 1.06, CS 0.60, CI 66, DPI 59, EI 29, LPI 128, PI 60, SI 116. Queen description. Head: in full-face view subrectangular, about 1.5 times longer than broad, lateral sides evenly convex; posterior head margin slightly convex, posterior head corners blunt. Eyes present, comparatively large and oval, maximum diameter slightly shorter than widest part of antennal scape, with 11 ommatidia along the longest axis. Three ocelli present on vertex, forming an equilateral triangle. In full-face view, frontoclypeal region strongly expanded, anterior margin convex, covering mandibles. Two antennal sockets positioned on frontoclypeal region, fully exposed and contiguous, with no intervening space. Antennae 12 - segmented, funiculus 2 nd segment about as long as wide, but 3 rd to 10 th segments wider than long. Antennal scape gradually widening apically, reaching over 1 / 2 of the head, nearly to the lateral ocelli. Mandibles comparatively small, hidden behind the frontoclypeal region in full-face view. Mesosoma: Pronotum rectangular in lateral view, in dorsal view with broadly convex anterior margin. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum shield-shaped in dorsal view. Anepisternum and katepisternum subtriangular in lateral view, anapleural sulcus clear. Propodeal dorsum in lateral view short and slightly convex; in dorsal view evenly narrow, with two straight lateral margins and a strongly concave posterior face. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a pair of protrudent denticles directed backward. Petiole: Petiolar node in lateral view 1.5 times longer than high, dorsal face convex posteriorly; in dorsal view rectangular, lateral margins almost parallel, slightly convex and elongate, distinctly longer than wide; posterior face concave centrally. Posterodorsal corner of petiole forming two acute teeth. Subpetiolar process forming a short anteroventral tooth. Gaster: First two gastral segments equal in length. Sternal prora spinate. Sculpture: Whole body mostly shagreened, surface of head, mandibles, antennae, legs, and the last three gastral segments weakly punctate; mesosoma, petiole, and first two gastral segments densely punctate. Pilosity: Whole body without erect long hairs, except mandibles. Dorsum of head, gaster, and antennal scape with fine pubescence. Color: Whole body reddish brown. Worker and Male. Unknown.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	diagnosis	Comparative diagnosis. Probolomyrmex bispinatus sp. nov. is most similar to P. procne but can be distinguished from the latter by the following diagnostic characters: (1) propodeal posterodorsal denticles sharper and spine-like; (2) posterodorsal corner of petiole in lateral view sharper and points posterodorsally (in P. procne points posteroventrally); and (3) in dorsal view, lateral margins of petiole not straight but slightly convex.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Varghese (2024) stated that the queen of P. procne is similar in color and morphology to the worker caste. Taylor (1965) noted that, owing to the extreme structural reduction in Probolomyrmex, taxonomic discrimination of the species is almost entirely dependent on characters of dimensions and proportions, especially those of the head, antennae, and node, as well as sculptural details. This indicates morphological uniformity between queen and worker in P. procne. Given the conservative diagnostic characters of the genus, the new species P. bispinatus sp. nov. is described here based on a single queen specimen. The presence of numerous distinct diagnostic features allows its recognition as a distinct species, and due to the morphological consistency between queen and worker, these characters are considered applicable to the worker caste as well.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China: Tibet (type locality).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Little is known about the biology of the species. Queen was found hiding under a rock on the rainforest floor.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD8FFDAFF50FCBB4D5AFD7C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin name " bispinatus " means double-spined, which in the case of this new species refers to two distinct spines on the petiolar node.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDEFFDDFF50FF6E4CBCFD13.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDEFFDDFF50FF6E4CBCFD13.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Indonesia. 2 syntype workers, Java, Buitenzorg, 06 ° 35 ' 40 '' S, 106 ° 47 ' 21 '' E, 18. xii. 1922, K. Dammerman leg. (MCZC, MCZ: Ent: 20427 [MCZbase images examined]; NHMUK, CASENT 0102220 [AntWeb images examined]). Thailand. 1 worker, Trang, 07 ° 32 ' 49 '' N, 99 ° 47 ' 24 '' E, 20 ± m ², 106 m alt., 26. xii. 2018, Leaf litter extraction, R. Wang et al. leg., Old Secondary forest (IBBL, KCW-S 07 - 11).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDEFFDDFF50FF6E4CBCFD13.taxon	discussion	Comments. Probolomyrmex dammermani is similar to P. vieti, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: (1) in lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum dentiform in P. dammermani, whereas lamellate in P. vieti; and (2) petiolar node slightly longer in P. dammermani.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDEFFDDFF50FF6E4CBCFD13.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China: Guangxi (Liang & Chen 2022); Indonesia (type locality); Philippines (Taylor 1965); Thailand (Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata 2005); Vietnam (Eguchi et al. 2006).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDFFFDCFF50FF6E4C1EFA3B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan. holotype worker, Ryukyu, Ishigaki Is., Yonehara, 15. iii. 1984, Y. Fukumoto leg. (KUEC) [PhotoCD images examined: PCD 2228 84 – 87].	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDFFFDCFF50FF6E4C1EFA3B.taxon	discussion	Comments. Probolomyrmex longinodus was originally described from Japan, and a broad consensus in the literature considers it to be morphologically highly similar to the Chinese species P. longiscapus Xu & Zeng, 2000 (Xu & Zeng 2000; Eguchi et al. 2006; Liang & Chen 2022). In their original description, Xu & Zeng (2000) distinguished the two species based on differences in head length, shape of the posterior head margin, scape length, shape of the propodeal spines, and the outline of the petiolar node. However, Eguchi et al. (2006) noted that while the two species can be separated based on their type material, numerous non-type specimens indicate that P. longinodus is morphologically indistinguishable from P. longiscapus among workers, while males are considered potentially key to distinguishing the two species. Among these, the most questionable is the material from Taiwan Province, which exhibits considerable intraspecific morphological variation (Eguchi et al. 2006). These specimens were identified as P. longinodus, but no clear diagnostic characters were provided to justify their assignment to P. longinodus rather than P. longiscapus. The first record of P. longinodus from Taiwan Province was provided by Terayama (1990), whose illustrations of this newly recorded specimen depict an unusually long antennal scape, consistent with the variation later noted by Eguchi et al. (2006). Liang & Chen (2022) proposed that P. longinodus and P. longiscapus could be distinguished by the shape of the propodeal denticle and the posterodorsal margin of the petiole. However, their recorded material from Hainan Province also exhibited a long antennal scape, similar to the material from Taiwan Province, both showing considerable morphological divergence from the Japanese type material of P. longinodus. Therefore, based on our current understanding, this species may constitute a species complex. The significant morphological differences between the Chinese and Japanese material strongly suggest that the specimens from China previously identified as P. longinodus are unlikely to represent P. longinodus sensu stricto; a re-examination of the Chinese material is urgently needed to clarify the extent of morphological variation in P. longinodus. Therefore, when distinguishing these two species at the type specimen level, apart from the indistinguishable dorsal outline of the petiole, the diagnostic combination proposed by Xu & Zeng (2000) may be applied: compared to P. longiscapus, workers of P. longinodus sensu stricto have (1) a shorter head, (2) a more strongly convex posterior head margin, (3) a shorter antennal scape, and (4) smaller propodeal denticle. Eguchi et al. (2006) proposed distinguishing the workers of P. longinodus sensu lato from P. longiscapus by the laterally semicircular frontal carina and shorter fourth antennal segment.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDFFFDCFF50FF6E4C1EFA3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (type locality); Thailand (Eguchi et al. 2006); Vietnam (Eguchi et al. 2014). The records from Hainan (Liang & Chen 2022) and Taiwan (Terayama 1990) in China are considered doubtful and are not treated as confirmed occurrences of P. longinodus sensu stricto.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDFFFDEFF50F9F14B7BF92C.taxon	description	(Figs 3 – 4)	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDFFFDEFF50F9F14B7BF92C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China. holotype worker, Yunnan, Mengla County, Nanqian Village, 820 m alt., 11. iii. 1998, soil sample, G. Zeng leg. (SFCY, ANTWEB 1060526) [AntWeb images examined]; 3 workers, Yunnan, Dehong, 27. x. 2023, G. Nie leg. (SYSBM, En- 431724, En- 431725, En- 431726); 2 workers, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Baiyun Distr. Maofeng Mt., 23 ° 17 ’ 41 ’’ N, 113 ° 26 ’ 21 ’’ E, 285 m alt., 26. v. 2025, S. Wang leg. (SYSBM, En- 431727, En- 431728); 1 worker, Hainan, Qiongzhong County, Limu Mt., 19 ° 10 ’ 12 ’’ N, 109 ° 42 ’ 36 ’’ E, 681 m alt., 03. x. 2016, Z. Chen leg. (GXNU, GXNU 400071) [images examined]. Laos. 1 worker, Vientiane, Naxaythong Distr., Sivilay Village, 18 ° 15 ' N, 102 ° 27 ' E, 220 m alt., 11. vi. 2010, S. Yamane leg. (IBUB, LA 10 - SKY- 078) [AntBase images examined].	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDFFFDEFF50F9F14B7BF92C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Xu & Zeng (2000) distinguished P. longiscapus from P. longinodus based on the following characters: a longer head, a nearly straight posterior head margin, a longer antennal scape, a larger propodeal denticle, and a more slender posterior one-third of the petiole. However, the latter character does not provide substantive differentiation. Eguchi et al. (2006) added that although the two species are difficult to separate at the worker level, P. longiscapus can be distinguished from P. longinodus by its triangular frontal carina in profile and its longer fourth antennal segment. However, our examination of the holotype of P. longiscapus reveals that its frontal carina is rounded, not distinctly triangular. In addition, P. longiscapus resembles P. itoi but differs from it by having shorter antennal scapes and a shorter petiole.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDFFFDEFF50F9F14B7BF92C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China: Guangdong (new record), Guangxi (Liang & Chen 2022), Yunnan (type locality); Indonesia (Asfiya et al. 2015); Laos (Jaitrong et al. 2016); Vietnam (Eguchi et al. 2006).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDDFFD4FF50F90B4D11F9D7.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 8)	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDDFFD4FF50F90B4D11F9D7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. CHINA: 1 worker (SYSBM, En- 431715), Guangxi Province, Laibin City, Jinxiu County, 23 ° 54 ’ 51 ’’ N, 110 ° 16 ’ 43 ’’ E, 280 m alt., 25. x. 2023, Changlin Qin leg. Paratypes: 6 workers (SYSBM, En- 431716, En- 431717, En- 431718, En- 431719, En- 431720, En- 431721), 1 queen (SYSBM, En- 431722), and 1 male (SYSBM, En- 431723), same data as holotype.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDDFFD4FF50F90B4D11F9D7.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype worker. DPW 0.22, GL 1.00, HL 0.74, HW 0.48, PtH 0.30, PtL 0.42, PW 0.39, SL 0.62, TL 3.19, WL 1.04, CS 0.61, CI 66, DPI 55, LPI 142, PI 51, SI 128. Paratype workers (n = 6). DPW 0.22 – 0.26, GL 0.98 – 1.08, HL 0.74 – 0.77, HW 0.48 – 0.51, PtH 0.28 – 0.31, PtL 0.40 – 0.44, PW 0.39 – 0.42, SL 0.61 – 0.66, TL 3.22 – 3.38, WL 1.06 – 1.10, CS 0.62 – 0.64, CI 63 – 66, DPI 55 – 61, LPI 133 – 152, PI 51 – 59, SI 127 – 137. Paratype queen (n = 1). DPW 0.25, EL 0.14, GL 1.12, HL 0.77, HW 0.50, PtH 0.30, PtL 0.43, PW 0.44, SL 0.62, TL 3.47, WL 1.15, CS 0.63, CI 66, DPI 57, EI 28, LPI 142, PI 59, SI 124. Paratype male (n = 1). DPW 0.19, EL 0.25, GL 0.88, HL 0.52, HW 0.46, PtH 0.21, PtL 0.38, PW 0.49, SL 0.39, TL 2.85, WL 1.07, CS 0.49, CI 87, DPI 39, EI 55, LPI 177, PI 51, SI 85. Worker description. Head: in full-face view, subrectangular and distinctly longer than broad, lateral sides evenly convex and narrowed in frontoclypeal region, posterior head margin straight, posterior corners blunt. Eyes absent. In full-face view frontoclypeal region strongly expanded, anterior margin convex, covering mandibles. Two antennal sockets positioned on frontoclypeal region, fully exposed and contiguous, with no intervening space. Antennae 12 - segmented, 2 nd funicular segment about as long as wide, 3 rd to 10 th segments wider than long. Antennal scape gradually widening apically, almost reaching posterior head margin. Mandibles triangular and small, masticatory margin with eight teeth, in full-face view hidden behind the frontoclypeal region. Mesosoma: Outline of mesosoma in lateral view straight. Promesonotal suture and metanotal groove absent. Pronotum convex in lateral view, in dorsal view with broadly convex anterior and lateral margins. Mesonotum and propodeum in dorsal view with straight lateral margins. Mesopleuron fused to mesonotum, without a separating suture. Propodeal dorsum long and straight in lateral view, evenly narrow in dorsal view, with two straight lateral margins and a strongly concave posterior face. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a pair of triangular denticles. Petiole: Petiole in lateral view about 1.5 times longer than high, dorsal face convex posteriorly, in dorsal view rectangular, distinctly longer than wide, with almost parallel and slightly convex lateral margins, posterior face concave centrally. Posterodorsal corner of petiole forming two blunt horns. Ventral face of petiole convex. Subpetiolar process forming a slender anteroventral spine. Gaster: First and second gastral segments equal in length. Prora protruding anteroventrally. Sculpture: Whole body shagreened, finely punctate and sparsely foveolate. Mandibles finely punctate. Pilosity: Dorsum of head, gaster, and antennal scape with dense recumbent fine pubescence. Mandibles strongly covered with pubescence, which shortens from apex to base. Color: Whole body reddish brown, antennae and legs yellowish. Queen. Head almost same as the worker’s, but eyes present and circular. Three ocelli present on vertex. Maximum diameter of eyes with 10 ommatidia along the longest axis. In lateral view, propodeal dorsum straight and distinctly lower than mesoscutellum. Anapleural sulcus of mesopleuron clear. Remaining characters as in worker caste. Male. Head circular, posterior head margin and lateral sides convex. Three ocelli present on vertex. Eyes large, almost half as long as head. Two antennal sockets positioned on frontoclypeal region, fully exposed and contiguous, with no intervening space. Antennae 13 - segmented, antennal scape almost reaching posterior head margin, about as long as head width. Clypeal margin rounded. Mandibles visible in full-face view, nearly triangular. Masticatory margin straight, with a large and sharp apical tooth. In lateral view, mesoscutum located above pronotum. Anapleural sulcus of mesopleuron clear. Dorsum of propodeum oblique in lateral view with a blunt posterodorsal corner. In dorsal view, pronotum almost entirely covered by mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum broadly triangular. Petiole compressed dorsoventrally in lateral view. Subpetiolar process forming a slender anteroventral spine. Head and gaster smooth, mesosoma and petiole shagreened. Whole body covered with dense recumbent short pubescence. Mandibles with some long and erect hairs. Head, mesosoma, petiole, and gaster blackish. Mandibles, antennal scape, and legs pale. Forewing: pterostigma pale; costa present; radius (R) reduced posterior to pterostigma; cross-vein 2 r-rs completely fused with radial sector (Rs) to form the stigmal vein, which extends posteriorly but does not reach the wing margin; veins Rs 2, Rs 3, and cross-vein rs-m entirely absent; veins radius sector + media (Rs + M), cubitus (Cu), and cross-vein cu-a present; cross-vein m-cu absent. Hindwing: radial sector (Rs) absent; jugal lobe absent.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDDFFD4FF50F90B4D11F9D7.taxon	diagnosis	Comparative diagnosis. Probolomyrmex similis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to P. longiscapus but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) larger body size; (2) posterior head margin nearly straight in full-face view (in P. longiscapus weakly concave); (3) propodeal declivity with a shallow depression below the propodeal posterodorsal denticles, bordered by straight or slightly curved dark lines laterally (in P. longiscapus deeply depressed with sharply curved dark lines); and (4) petiole in dorsal view with a pair of broad and distinct teeth (in P. longiscapus the teeth are inconspicuous or very weakly developed). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualize the morphometric variation between P. longiscapus and P. similis sp. nov., and to explore morphological differentiation between them (Fig. 9). The first two axes accounted for 59.28 % and 19.31 % of the total variance, respectively. Along PC 1, P. longiscapus occupied the positive region of the axis, whereas most individuals of P. similis sp. nov. clustered in the negative region, indicating a separation trend between the two species, despite the limited sample size. In contrast, PC 2 exhibited substantial overlap and did not contribute to their differentiation. The variables with the highest loadings on PC 1 were CS (− 0.3954), PtH / CS (− 0.4089), PtL / CS (− 0.3230), GL / CS (− 0.4049), DPW / CS (− 0.3937), and PW / CS (− 0.3952). Among these, PtH / CS, PtL / CS, and DPW / CS are all petiole-related ratios that collectively reflect the overall volume of the petiole. These loadings indicate that P. similis sp. nov. tends to have a larger body size (CS), a broader pronotum (PW / CS), a longer gaster (GL / CS), and a more developed petiole (PtH / CS, PtL / CS, DPW / CS) compared to P. longiscapus. Additionally, P. similis is easily distinguished from P. itoi by: (1) petiole not elongated in lateral view, with convex dorsal margin (in P. itoi elongated and flattened); (2) gaster broad and robust (in P. itoi distinctly narrowed); and (3) shorter antennal scapes.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDDFFD4FF50F90B4D11F9D7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China: Guangxi (type locality).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDDFFD4FF50F90B4D11F9D7.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The species inhabits steep slopes of forests devoid of deciduous cover, and which are overgrown with moss. Nests were located nearly 5 cm below the surface. Colonies are small, comprising fewer than 10 workers, including some males.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFDDFFD4FF50F90B4D11F9D7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin name " similis " means similar, which in the case of this new species indicates that it is morphologically related to P. longiscapus.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD7FFD7FF50F9534DADFE5C.taxon	description	(Figs 10 – 12)	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD7FFD7FF50F9534DADFE5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China. 2 workers, 1 queen, and 1 male, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Sihui, 29. vii. 2025, W. Yang leg. (SYSBM, En- 431729, En- 431730, En- 431731, En- 431732).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD7FFD7FF50F9534DADFE5C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Probolomyrmex vieti was considered by Eguchi et al. (2006) to be barely distinguishable from P. greavesi Taylor, 1965 from the Australian Capital Territory and southern Queensland, Australia; however, in P. vieti, the anteroventral portion of the subpetiolar process projects anteroventrally. This species is also highly similar to P. dammermani; diagnostic characters to separate them are provided in the comments section under P. dammermani. Additionally, P. vieti resembles P. longiscapus, P. longinodus, and P. similis sp. nov., but can be distinguished by the following combination of features: (1) in lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum rounded in P. vieti, whereas dentiform in the other three species; (2) petiolar node significantly shorter; and (3) in lateral view, prora of gaster weak and not spine-like.	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD7FFD7FF50F9534DADFE5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cambodia (Hosoishi et al. 2017); China: Guangdong (Chen & Xu 2025), Guangxi (Liang & Chen 2022), Hainan (Hamer et al. 2025); Indonesia (Eguchi et al. 2006); Singapore (Wang et al. 2022); Thailand (Eguchi et al. 2006); Vietnam (Eguchi et al. 2006).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
0235157DFFD4FFC3FF50F8F34AE2FEAE.taxon	description	As noted by Varghese (2024), the queen caste is generally similar to the worker caste in both coloration and morphology. Therefore, although P. bispinatus sp. nov. is described solely from a single queen specimen, we have included it in the identification key. The rationale for distinguishing this species based on queen characters is discussed in the Comments of P. bispinatus sp. nov. Separation between P. guanacastensis and P. boliviensis is difficult due to the similarity of morphological features, so we prefer the diagnosis of Oliveira & Feitosa (2019).	en	Wu, Tianqi, Zhong, Ying, Wang, Shuojie, Yin, Jiadong, Huang, Yi, Huang, Yuyuan (2026): A revision of Chinese Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a global key to species. Zootaxa 5845 (3): 493-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.3.4
