identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
024987CDFF85FFD1F520FD9A77B9A5FA.text	024987CDFF85FFD1F520FD9A77B9A5FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bartonella DNA	<div><p>3.2 Detection of  Bartonella DNA in ectoparasite pools</p><p>Bartonella DNA was amplified in 49 pools (34.8 %) out of the 141 pools of all ectoparasites. For individual types of ectoparasite pools,  Bartonella DNA was detected in 25 (32.9 %) out of 76 pools of mite, 22 (40 %) out of 55 pools of flea species, 1 (12.5 %) out of eight pools of ticks and 1 (50 %) out of two pools of lice (Table 2). Among the habitat variables, the farm habitat detected 39.6 % slightly higher than 33.3 % of the indoor habitat. The natural habitat detected 22.2 % and the peridomestic habitat detected 7.1 %. Statistically, there were significant differences in the prevalence of  Bartonella DNA among two variables, namely habitats (χ 2 = 8.589, df = 3, p = 0.035) and ectoparasites species (χ 2 = 16.5646, df = 7, p = 0.0243).</p><p>3.3 Phylogenetic analysis of gltA sequences</p><p>Out of 49  Bartonella DNA confirmed by sequencing, 22 sequences were recovered, however, only 16 consensus sequences were successfully assembled. After being submitted to BLAST in the NCBI database, seven sequences; five from mites’ pools and two from fleas’ pools showed low similarities (75–85 %) when compared to other  Bartonella spp. in the GenBank database. Therefore, only nine DNA sequences were submitted and accepted to the GenBank database (NCBI) with accession numbers (OQ382888-OQ382892 and OQ504174-OQ504177). The phylogenetic tree of the  Bartonella sequences and the previous identified  Bartonella genotypes retrieved from the NCBI GeneBank were used to evaluate the evolutionary relationship (Figure 4). Based on the maximum likelihood phylogeny and reference sequences of the gltA  Bartonella gene obtained from the GenBank database; phylogenetic analysis identified one  B. elizabethae (accession number OQ504174) from  Xenopsylla brasiliensis with 98.71 % similar to previously identified  B. elizabethae from Thailand with accession number JX158353.1.  Bartonella sp., with accession number OQ 504177 in this study, is phylogenetically related to  B. tribocorum with accession number OP382454.1 previously identified from China. Five genotypes with accession numbers OQ382891; OQ382888; OQ382889; OQ382890 and OQ382892 from flea species ( Dinopsylla lypusus, and  Ctenophthalmus calceatus) were closely related to Ugandan and Kenyan  Bartonella spp. with accession numbers JX428746.1, MF443361.1, and KM233491.1 with more than 99 % identity from blasting. Phylogenetically, Ugandan and Kenyan  Bartonella genotypes were closely related to the South African  Bartonella genotypes with GeneBank accession number AJ583114.1 as described in Figure 4.  Bartonella genotype from lice (OQ504175) phylogenetically is related to JX428760.1 from Uganda and is closely related to genotype FJ686050.1 from Israel with 98.89 % similarity to  Bartonella elizabathae with accession number LR134527.1 from the GenBank database.  Bartonella genotype (OQ504176) from Haemophisalis tick detected in this study showed 98.94 % similarity to  Bartonella strain with accession number AJ583115.1 from South Africa. Furthermore, the Medianjoining network (Figure 5) showed five clades, among them four clades form different clusters, with different lineages and unique haplotypes. Five genotypes related to  Bartonella spp. discovered in Ugandan, Kenyan and South African  Bartonella spp. formed one haplogroup/clade, different lineages with independent haplotypes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/024987CDFF85FFD1F520FD9A77B9A5FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mhamphi, Ginethon G.;Msoffe, Venance T.;Lyimo, Charles M.;Katakweba, Abdul S.;Massawe, Apia W.;Komba, Erick V. G.;Mnyone, Ladslaus L.	Mhamphi, Ginethon G., Msoffe, Venance T., Lyimo, Charles M., Katakweba, Abdul S., Massawe, Apia W., Komba, Erick V. G., Mnyone, Ladslaus L. (2024): Detection and characterization of zoonotic Bartonella spp. in rodents and shrews ectoparasites from Kigoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania. Mammalia (Warsaw, Poland) 88 (1): 41-51, DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2023-0072, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2023-0072
