taxonID	type	description	language	source
02431B19CB321848FF6BFC4FFBE4FE4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Caraguatatuba, Tinga, crista de um morro associado ao Pico do Tinga, 23 ° 37 ' 32 " S, 45 ° 27 ' 12 " W, elev. 195 m, 4 July 2024, fl., M. D. Miranda 674 (holotype RB!, isotype SORO!).	en	Miranda, Marcelo Dias, Maruyama, Adriano Da Silva De Cicco, Gaem, Paulo Henrique, Fernandes, Thiago (2025): Novelty in Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 718 (3): 227-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6
02431B19CB321848FF6BFC4FFBE4FE4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: This species is most similar to Myrcia tetraphylla in vegetative features, especially the verticillate leaves. However, it differs by flaking or smooth trunk bark (vs. rough, not flaking in M. tetraphylla), inflorescences with secondary axes reaching (0.3 –) 2 – 8.3 cm long (vs. 0.5 – 2 cm long), pedicellate flowers (vs. sessile), bracts lanceolate, early deciduous (vs. narrowly lanceolate, long persistent), and inflorescences and ovaries with reddish trichomes (vs. brownish to grayish).	en	Miranda, Marcelo Dias, Maruyama, Adriano Da Silva De Cicco, Gaem, Paulo Henrique, Fernandes, Thiago (2025): Novelty in Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 718 (3): 227-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6
02431B19CB321848FF6BFC4FFBE4FE4D.taxon	description	Description Treelets 6 – 8 m tall. Trichomes simple, ferruginous or vinaceous. Bark flaking or smooth, with whitish, beige, brownish-red periderm, pinkish-beige inner bark. Twigs densely covered with ferruginous simple trichomes 0.5 – 1 mm, young shoots with scattered white pruina, and vinaceous trichomes; internodes slightly triangulate, becoming cylindrical, 1 – 5 (– 7) × 0.3 – 0.5 cm; cataphylls 2 – 3 per node, lanceolate, 2.1 – 3.8 × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, foliaceous, with prominent midvein adaxially; adaxial surface sparsely puberulent, glandular dots throughout; abaxial surface sparsely tomentose, vinaceous trichomes; base attenuate, apex acute, margin ciliate, light green, carenate. Leaves petioles 15 – 20 × 3 – 4 mm, blades 13.4 – 16.5 × 4 – 6.2 cm, ca. 2.5 longer than wide, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, when young densely tomentose adaxially and sparse tomentose abaxially, flat above, convex bellow; discolorous in vivo, dark green adaxially, yellow brown abaxially, young leaves sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, appressed simple trichomes, more densely along the midvein, mature leaves completely glabrous adaxially, glabrescent abaxially, appressed simple trichomes, 1 mm long, usually persisting along midvein axile; glandular dots visible adaxially; apex acuminate to slightly apiculate, sometimes falcate; base acute, almost obtuse; midvein raised on both surfaces, more prominent on abaxial surface; lateral veins 13 – 18 at each side, leaving the midvein at angles 50 – 70 º, impressed on both surfaces; marginal vein, the innermost, (1 –) 2 – 3 mm from the margin, the outmost ca. 0.5 – 1 (– 3) mm from the margin; margin in young leaves with recurved base, flat in upper portions, mature leaves recurved up to the upper third. Inflorescences in terminal to axillary panicles, 2 – 7 - branched, (8.5 –) 13.5 – 18.5 × 10 – 23 cm, peduncles 3.2 – 4 cm × 2 – 4 mm, bearing 19 – 25 secondary axes starting from the principal axe, with about 10 – 17 pedicellate to sessile flowers, secondary axes (0.3 –) 2 – 8.3 cm, tertiary axes when present 1 – 3 cm long, tip of the branches with 3 – 4 clustered flowers, being 3 sessile at the base, pedicels 0.1 mm, and a pedicellate one at the top, pedicels 3 mm long, or ending in 1 – 2 flowers at the top of each the branch; primary bract, caducous, ovate – lanceolate, 6 × 2.5 mm, adaxial surface tomentose, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent, apex accuminate, margin ciliate; terminal bracts lanceolate, 1.5 – 2.3 × 0.5 – 0.6 mm, adaxial surface sparsely pilose, simple trichomes, abaxial more densely pilose, canaliculated, margin ciliate; bracteoles 1 – 10, along the pedicel and concealing the flower buds, lanceolate to triangular, (0.3 –) 0.6 – 1 × 0.2 – 0.4 mm, pilose on both surfaces, canaliculated, margin ciliate; flower buds obovate, 3.2 × 2.8 mm, calyx lobes not fused and distinguishable, tearing at anthesis in 6 pieces, 3 ovate to reniform 1.8 × 2 mm, 3 triangulate, 1.2 – 1.5 × 1 – 1.5 mm, reddish-green, glandular dot visible on both calyx side, better seen on abaxial surface, verrucose, pubescent with vinaceous trichomes on both surfaces, margin ciliate; petals 5, rounded to obovate, scarcely pilose on abaxial surface, 1.8 – 2.1 × 2 – 2.4 mm, white to reddish-white, verrucose; stamens 40 – 53, filaments 4 – 5 mm, white, anthers oblong, 0.3 mm long, white; staminal ring 2 – 3 mm in diameter, glabrous; calyx tube 0.5 – 1 mm deep, glabrous; style 5 mm long, glabrous, stigma punctiform, minutely papillose, greenish-white; ovary 2 - locular, 1 ovule per locule, densely tomentose, vinaceous trichomes. Fruits globose to oblate, smooth, 14 – 16 × 18 – 20 mm, glabrescent, glandular dots throughout the peel, verrucose, greenish-red when immature, black when ripe; pulp mucilaginous, hyaline, translucent-purplish, sweet, a grape-like flavor and a slightly astringent peel; seeds 1 – 4 per fruit, 10 × 7 – 9 mm, semi-spheroid to reniform, testa dark brown, brindled with light brown spots, hilum light brown to white at the center. "	en	Miranda, Marcelo Dias, Maruyama, Adriano Da Silva De Cicco, Gaem, Paulo Henrique, Fernandes, Thiago (2025): Novelty in Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 718 (3): 227-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6
02431B19CB321848FF6BFC4FFBE4FE4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet is a reference to the vinaceous color of the trichomes in the younger branches and in the newer leaves. Phenology: — Flowering in July and fruiting in August to November.	en	Miranda, Marcelo Dias, Maruyama, Adriano Da Silva De Cicco, Gaem, Paulo Henrique, Fernandes, Thiago (2025): Novelty in Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 718 (3): 227-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6
02431B19CB321848FF6BFC4FFBE4FE4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Myrcia vinacea is currently known solely from its type locality on Pico do Tinga, in Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. It occurs in submontane and montane Atlantic Forest, at altitudes ranging from 90 – 580 m, along the hill tops of Pico do Tinga Mountain complex, in dry and well exposed to the sun environments, occasionally associated with fields of Gleichenella pectinata (Willd.) Ching (1940: 276) (Gleicheniaceae). At the forests where the species thrives it can reach ca. 10 meters tall, and there is presence of individuals of the families Asteraceae, Ochnaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The habitat faces the ocean and has abundant big bare rocky outcrops partially covered by Trilepis lhotzkiana Nees ex Arn. (1834: 267) (Cyperaceae). Provisional conservation assessment: — Myrcia vinacea is known only from the municipality of Caraguatatuba in the state of São Paulo, where it grows in an isolated mountain range surrounded by a coastal plain, a unique environment within this city. Although this species was collected within a state-administered protected area (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar), the area faces threats mainly from illegal activities such as hunting and palm tree extraction (São Paulo, 2008). Additionally, the terrain suffered significant landslides during a catastrophe caused by intense rainfall in 1967, which reduced the availability of suitable habitats for this species and may still represent a threat. Interspecific competition with the fern Gleichenella pectinata (Gleicheniaceae) can also be worrying, competing for resources such as space, water, nutrients, gases and light. Myrcia vinacea has an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of only ca. 16 km ² and is here assumed to occur in five distinct locations (Figure 3). In this context, it seems proper to assess this species as Vulnerable (VU: D 2) based on IUCN (2022). Additional specimen examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Caraguatatuba, Tinga, Pico do Tinga ou Morro do Jaraguá, 23 ° 37 ' 8 " S, 45 ° 26 ' 45 " W, elev. 400 m, 21 July 2024, fl. & fr., M. D. Miranda 668 (RB!, NIT!); ibidem, 23 ° 37 ' 4 " S, 45 ° 26 ' 51 " W, elev. 470 m, 21 July 2024, M. D. Miranda 670 (RB!); ibidem, 23 ° 36 ' 55 " S, 45 ° 26 ' 55 " W, elev. 565 m, 21 July 2024, M. D. Miranda 671 (RB!); ibidem, 23 ° 37 ' 8 " S, 45 ° 26 ' 45 " W, elev. 400 m, 06 October 2024, fr., M. D. Miranda 672 (SORO!); ibidem, 23 ° 37 ' 8 " S, 45 ° 26 ' 45 " W, elev. 400 m, 06 October 2024, fr., M. D. Miranda 673 (SORO!).	en	Miranda, Marcelo Dias, Maruyama, Adriano Da Silva De Cicco, Gaem, Paulo Henrique, Fernandes, Thiago (2025): Novelty in Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 718 (3): 227-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6
02431B19CB321848FF6BFC4FFBE4FE4D.taxon	description	Taxonomic notes: — Myrcia vinacea can also be distinguished from M. tetraphylla, by its broader leaves, blades lanceolate to ovatelanceolate, 13.4 – 16.5 × 4 – 6.2 cm, ca. 2.5 longer than wide (vs. blades narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate or oblong, 15 – 27 x 1.5 – 6 cm, 4.5 – 10 times as long as wide), The collection from Bahia of M. tetraphylla the leaves are way narrower in relation to the collection and morphotype provenient from Espírito Santo, more specifically in APA da Pedra do Elefante, Nova Venécia municipality. The arrangement of the inflorescences are another striking difference between both species, in the first one, the inflorescences are more branched, having 2 – 7 nodes in the axes, while in M. tetraphylla, it has 2 – 3 nodes in the axes, and the flowers usually are sessile in the top of the principal axe. Because of that, the aspect of the inflorescence is very different between them, in M. vinacea it is clearly a paniculed conflorescence, always branched, while in M. tetraphyla it recalls much more a racemiform / spiciform inflorescence and infructescence, rarely branching. Moreover, the calyx in the fruits are different too, the sepals and petals of M. vinacea are persistent and not projected forming a beak (vs. apparently caducous sepals and petals, staminal disc forming a beak in the dried fruit). Apart from the similarities with M. tetraphylla (see the diagnosis), this new species is also related to M. hexasticha Kiaersk. (1893: 72) and M. insularis Gardner (1842: 536), sharing long, terminal, whorled, paniculate inflorescences with these species. However, it differs from M. hexasticha in having mature leaves that are abaxially pubescent (vs. glabrous) (Figure 1 - D), flower buds 3.2 × 2.8 mm (vs. 1.8 – 2.5 × 1.5 – 1.8 mm) (Figures 2 - B – D), tomentose ovaries (vs. glabrous) (Figure 2 - J), and calyx lobes 1.2 – 1.8 mm long and cucullate (vs. 0.5 – 1 mm long and not cucullate) (Figures 2 - H – J). When compared with M. insularis, the new species can be distinguished by ternate, chartaceous and lanceolate leaves (vs. paired, strongly coriaceous, ovate or oval – oblong) (Figures 1 - B – F), inflorescence always terminal (vs. terminal to axillary) (Figure 2 - A), pedicellate flowers (vs. sessile) (Figure 2 - C), tomentose ovary and calyx (vs. glabrous) (Figure 2 - J), flower buds 3.2 × 2.8 mm (vs. 1.5 – 2.5 × 1.5 mm) (Figure 2 - E), and calyx lobes 1.2 – 1.8 mm long and cucullate (vs. 0.5 – 1 mm long and not cucullate) (Figure 2 - I).	en	Miranda, Marcelo Dias, Maruyama, Adriano Da Silva De Cicco, Gaem, Paulo Henrique, Fernandes, Thiago (2025): Novelty in Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from the Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 718 (3): 227-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.3.6
