identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BC87C9FFDCFFC4FF73FAEDFD35FE4E.text	03BC87C9FFDCFFC4FF73FAEDFD35FE4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagliettoa perseae Sohrabi, Gueidan, Perez-Ort., Bungartz & Esmaeillou MycoBank	<div><p>Bagliettoa perseae Sohrabi, Gueidan, Pérez-Ort., Bungartz &amp; Esmaeillou MycoBank: MB858936, (Fig. 2)</p><p>Type: Iran, Fars, Marvdasht, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=52.8867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 52.8867/lat 29.9661)">Naghsh-e-Rajab limestone outcrops, at the N direction, in the query of stone monuments of Persepolis</a>, on limestone, 29.9661 N, 52.8867 E, 1635 m., 15 June 2019, M. Sohrabi (32117), [ICH ─ holotype, hb. M. Sohrabi ─ isotype]. Genbank accession number PX342703.</p><p>Diagnosis: Thallus crustose, endolithic, with a chalk-white to whitish-gray surface, occasionally exhibiting a very pale pinkish tinge when fresh. Perithecia up to 800 µm wide, with an involucrellum restricted to the upper half or upper third of the perithecium, characteristically pigmented magenta to purple. Ascospores ellipsoid, 18–25 × 11–16 µm. Morphologically similar to Bagliettoa rubrocincta, but distinguished by larger perithecia, smaller ascospores, and phylogenetically distinct.</p><p>Thallus endolithic, continuous, chalky white to whitish grey, rarely with a very pale pink tinge when fresh, dirty white-grey; surface smooth, often with fine cracks radiating from the perithecia. Upper layer, up to 220 µm thick, consists of many fine-grained mineral particles or crystals, almost without hyphae, not forming a lithocortex in the sense of Pinna et al. (1998). Algal layer irregular, 50-100 µm high; algal cells 11-18 µm in diam, usually forming clusters up to 25-45 µm in diam. Medullary layer (pseudomedulla) composed of a more or less dense network of hyphae penetrating the substrate up to a depth of 1 mm; hyphae 3-4 µm thick; enlarged cylindrical to oblong cells, up to 14 µm in diam. in the lower part of the medullary layer. Perithecia almost entirely immersed in pits in the substrate, upper part of the perithecium of characteristically purple to magenta coloured clearly visible, darker or black in very mature perithecia, leaving larges cavities up to 1.3 mm wide when falling out; purple colour sometimes extending to the thallus surrounding of the perithecium. Perithecia subglobose to broadly pyriform, up to 800 µm wide; excipulum hyaline, brownish when very mature, composed of 10-15 layers of more or less rectangular enlarged cells, 25-25 µm thick. Involucrellum present, restricted to the upper half or the upper third of the perithecium, appressed to the excipulum, characteristically magenta to purple coloured, up to 200 µm thick. Periphyses up to 60 µm long, 1-2 mm thick, simple to sparsely branched. Hymenial gelatin I+ bluish, later pale brown-yellowish. Asci bitunicate, clavate, 70-85 × 18-20 µm, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, simple, ellipsoid to irregularly ellipsoid, (18–) 21.5–23.5 (–25) × (11–) 13.5–15 (–16) µm (n=30). Pycnidia unknown. Spot tests all negative.</p><p>Etymology: The epithet perseae is derived from Persepolis, the ancient ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, established by Darius the Great circa 518 BC. The name Persepolis originates from the Greek, while ‘Parseh’ is its Persian equivalent. Both terms refer to the same archaeological site. Furthermore, in Greek mythology, Perse, also known as Perseis, Persea, or Perseide, was an Oceanid, a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. The word Perse derives from the Greek verb persô, meaning “to destroy,” a fitting epithet chosen to reflect the destructive activity of this lichen species observed at the Persepolis UNESCO World Heritage Site.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: The novel taxon has been exclusively documented within the Persepolis World Heritage Site and adjacent areas, such as the Mehr mountain. It exhibits an endolithic lifestyle, primarily colonizing calcareous substrates, particularly in sun-exposed habitats characterized by light to moderately nutrient-rich conditions. Notably, it is frequently observed on the hard limestone stones of Hadish Palace (Fig. 3), where it significantly contributes to bioweathering processes.</p><p>Additional specimens examined: Bagliettoa perseae: Iran, Fars, Marvdasht, Takhte- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=52.891567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.935524" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 52.891567/lat 29.935524)">Jamshid Palace</a>, around the palace, 29.935524 N, 52.891566 E, 1600 m., 16 March 2003, on calcareous rock, M. Sohrabi &amp; M. Ghobad-Nejhad (6736, 6739, 6756 6684, 6686, 6688), [hb. M. Sohrabi] ; Marvdasht, Naghsh-e-Rajab limestone outcrops, at the N direction, in the quarry of stone monuments of Persepolis, 29.9661 N, 52.8867 E, 1635 m., 15 June 2019, on gray limestone, M. Sohrabi (32099D, hb. M. Sohrabi); Marvdasht, 2 km from the Persepolis site, heading towards Naghsh-e-Rajab., 52.884853 N, 29.945481 E, 1600 m., 15 May 2020, saxicolous: on calcareous rock, Mahsa Esmaeillou (s.n. ICH). Bagliettoa rubrocincta: USA, Arizona, Maricopa County, South Maricopa Mountain Wilderness, mountains north of Arizona Highway 8 (Phoenix Bypass Route, Maricopa to Gila Bend), at Freeman Road Exit #140, coordinates 32.84992, -112.31913, at an altitude of 561 meters. Habitat: Arizona Upland Desert, characterized by exposed desert pavement (mostly basalt, with some caliche) and sparse vegetation including Carnegia gigantea, Larrea tridentata, Encelia farinosa, Fouquieria splendens, and various Cylindropuntia species. Substrate: flat caliche plates of desert pavement, sunny and exposed to wind and rain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C9FFDCFFC4FF73FAEDFD35FE4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sohrabi, Mohammad;Esmaeillou, Mahsa;Gueidan, Cécile;Bungartz, Frank;Pérez-Ortega, Sergio	Sohrabi, Mohammad, Esmaeillou, Mahsa, Gueidan, Cécile, Bungartz, Frank, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio (2025): Bagliettoa perseae (Verrucariaceae), a new species from historic stone surfaces in Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran. Phytotaxa 734 (3): 247-263, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1
03BC87C9FFD8FFC4FF73FDCDFA35F898.text	03BC87C9FFD8FFC4FF73FDCDFA35F898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagliettoa perseae	<div><p>Remarks about B. perseae and similar species</p><p>The new species is characterized by an endolithic thallus forming chalky-white patches with a generally smooth surface, interrupted only by the emergent portions of the sunken perithecia. These perithecia exhibit a distinctive magenta to purple involucrellum. Bagliettoa perseae is morphologically similar to B. rubrocincta (Breuss) Gueidan &amp; Cl. Roux, a species known from the Sonoran Desert (Breuss 2000; Bungartz et al. 2004; Garvie et al. 2007). The two species share a similar general appearance, characterized by endolithic thalli comprising a mineral layer with sparse hyphae overlying the algal layer, imparting a chalky-white color to the thalli and lacking of visible oil hyphae. Both also possess immersed perithecia with a distinctive magenta to purple involucrellum (Breuss 2000; Bungartz et al. 2004). However, both species can be distinguished by the size of their perithecia, which are larger in B. perseae (up to 800 µm vs up to 450 µm in B. rubrocincta) and the larger ascospores present in B. rubrocincta (25-32 × 11-13 µm vs 18-25 × 11-16 µm in B. perseae). To date, B. rubrocincta and B. marmorea are the only species in the genus in which oil hyphae (sensu Pinna et al. 1998; Gueidan et al. 2007) have not been observed. We closely examined B. persea e both with light and scanning electron microscopy, but were unable to confirm these structures. Recent preliminary FTIR-ATR analyses (unpublished laboratory data by MS) suggest that some hyphae are inflated by subtle peaks that might indicate trace lipids present in these parts of the hyphae, but these subtle swelling structurally differ distinctly from well-developed, strongly swollen, globular hyphae illustrated by Pinna et al. (1998) and Gueidan et al. (2007). The two species exhibit distinct geographic distributions. B. rubrocincta is currently known only from the United States and Mexico (Breuss 2000; Bungartz et al. 2004) while B. perseae is thus far restricted to southern Iran .. Although both occur in hot desert regions, these areas are geographically isolated and lack biogeographical connectivity. Furthermore, both species are phylogenetically distantly related, although they belong to the same clade as other taxa with magenta or pinkish pigments (Fig. 1). Pink or magenta pigmentation is uncommon within the Verrucariaceae, and the chemical nature of this pinkish or reddish pigment remains to be elucidated. This pigmentation, however, is not unique to the new species. It is also observed in other Bagliettoa species, such as B. baldensis (A. Massal.) Vězda (Favero-Longo et al. 2009), B. cazzae (Zahlbr.) Vězda &amp; Poelt, and B. marmorea (Scop.) Gueidan &amp; Cl. Roux (Favero Longo et al. 2023), and also in Verrucaria aspiciliicola R. Sant., Placopyrenium rubescens (Timkó) Breuss, a variety of Placidium lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss, and in some specimens of Placopyrenium bucekii (Nádv. &amp; Servít) Breuss, which may show reddish patches in the medulla or around perithecia (Breuss 2000). Red pigmentation has also been reported on the lower surface of some individuals of Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann (Harada 1993) and around the ostiole of Verrucaria iwatsukii (Harada 1994) . Of the species discussed, the new species is most easily confused with certain whitish morphs of B. marmorea and B. cazzae . However, the thalli of B. marmorea and B. cazzae consistently exhibit a pinkish hue, which is more pronounced when the thalli are wet. This contrasts with both B. perseae and B. rubrocincta, in which the surface is generally not pigmented and any reddish pigmentation is confined to the involucrellum. Furthermore, the perithecia of B. marmorea and B. cazzae are smaller than those of the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C9FFD8FFC4FF73FDCDFA35F898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sohrabi, Mohammad;Esmaeillou, Mahsa;Gueidan, Cécile;Bungartz, Frank;Pérez-Ortega, Sergio	Sohrabi, Mohammad, Esmaeillou, Mahsa, Gueidan, Cécile, Bungartz, Frank, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio (2025): Bagliettoa perseae (Verrucariaceae), a new species from historic stone surfaces in Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran. Phytotaxa 734 (3): 247-263, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1
03BC87C9FFD8FFC6FF73F885FEC9FDB6.text	03BC87C9FFD8FFC6FF73F885FEC9FDB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Verrucaria buschirensis	<div><p>Verrucaria buschirensis —an attempt to clarify a dubious name</p><p>In 1883, Austrian botanist Dr. Otto Stapf collected a Verrucaria species growing on nummulitic limestone in the Reishahr zone near Bushehr, a historically significant city on the Persian Gulf in present-day Iran (Fig. 4). Based on this specimen, Steiner subsequently described Verrucaria buschirensis as a new species (Steiner 1896). The species was not found again until 1979 when Riedl reported its presence on the coast of Hormozgan province (Riedl 1979).</p><p>Due to our inability to locate the type specimen of V. buschirensis, we have decided to treat V. buschirensis as a nomen dubium. A field trip to the type locality was also conducted to collect fresh specimens. To reduce the likelihood of overlooking an additional species of the genus at the type locality, the habitat was carefully surveyed to confirm that the only endolithic Bagliettoa taxa occur there. Only one species of the genus was found at this location, and it matched the original description provided by Steiner (1896). Therefore, we are certain that there are no other taxa that could be misidentified in this area.</p><p>A critical examination of the original description (protologue)of V.buschirensis in Steiner (1896) and Steiner’s 1896 work revealed insufficient morphological characters for reliable taxonomic delineation. Consequently, a reassessment of the species concept was warranted. Based on both DNA sequence data and morphological comparisons, we propose Verrucaria buschirensis as a new synonym of Bagliettoa calciseda, a widespread taxon of the genus (Gueidan &amp; Roux 2007, Halda 2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C9FFD8FFC6FF73F885FEC9FDB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sohrabi, Mohammad;Esmaeillou, Mahsa;Gueidan, Cécile;Bungartz, Frank;Pérez-Ortega, Sergio	Sohrabi, Mohammad, Esmaeillou, Mahsa, Gueidan, Cécile, Bungartz, Frank, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio (2025): Bagliettoa perseae (Verrucariaceae), a new species from historic stone surfaces in Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran. Phytotaxa 734 (3): 247-263, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1
03BC87C9FFDAFFC6FF73FDF7FA34FB15.text	03BC87C9FFDAFFC6FF73FDF7FA34FB15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagliettoa calciseda (DC.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, Bull. Soc.	<div><p>Bagliettoa calciseda (DC.) Gueidan &amp; Cl. Roux, Bull. Soc. linn. Provence 58: 187 (2007). MB531906</p><p>≡ Amphoridium calcisedum (DC.) Servít, Českoslov. Lišejn. Čeledi Verrucariaceae: 32 (1954)</p><p>= Amphoridium calcivorum (A. Massal.) Servít, Českoslov. Lišejn. Čeledi Verrucariaceae: 37 (1954)</p><p>≡ Verrucaria calciseda DC., in Lamarck &amp; de Candolle, Fl. franç., Edn 3 (Paris) 2: 317 (1805)</p><p>= Verrucaria calciseda f. calcivora A. Massal., in Arnold, Flora, Regensburg 68(4): 79 (1885)</p><p>= Verrucaria rupestris f. calciseda (DC.) Malbr., Bull. Soc. Amis Sci. Nat. Rouen 5: 304 (1870) [1869]</p><p>= Verrucaria rupestris subsp. calciseda (DC.) Nyl., Flora, Regensburg 55(35): 554 (1872)</p><p>= Verrucaria rupestris var. calcivora (A. Massal.) H. Olivier, Expos. Lich. Ouest France, Suppl. 2: 291 (1903)</p><p>New synonym:</p><p>= Verrucaria buschirensis J. Steiner in Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 105: 443 (1896). MB408789</p><p>Iran, Bushehr Province, Bushehr, Liyan, 2km toward Bushehr-Heleylah road, 50.849991 N, 28.873092 E, 14 m., 2 June 2022, Saxicolous: on limestone tufa, M. Sohrabi (23548, ICH, hb. M. Sohrabi). Genbank accession number: PX342694, PX342695</p><p>Homotypic synonyms for Verrucaria buschirensis ≡ Amphoridium buschirense (J. Steiner) J. Steiner, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. - naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 107: 178 (1898). Type: Iran (Persia), Bushehr, on nummulite limestone, Otto Stapf 1896 (Not seen!). Verrucaria buschirensis ≡ Amphoridium dolomiticum var. buschirense (J. Steiner) J. Steiner, [as ‘buschirensis’] Verh. Kaiserl.-Königl. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 52: 483 (1902). ≡ Verrucaria interrupta var. buschirensis (J. Steiner) J. Steiner, Annln naturh. Mus. Wien 34: 2 (1921).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C9FFDAFFC6FF73FDF7FA34FB15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sohrabi, Mohammad;Esmaeillou, Mahsa;Gueidan, Cécile;Bungartz, Frank;Pérez-Ortega, Sergio	Sohrabi, Mohammad, Esmaeillou, Mahsa, Gueidan, Cécile, Bungartz, Frank, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio (2025): Bagliettoa perseae (Verrucariaceae), a new species from historic stone surfaces in Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran. Phytotaxa 734 (3): 247-263, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.734.3.1
