identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BE87A49A12103A92BEA1F1FCB4BCF2.text	03BE87A49A12103A92BEA1F1FCB4BCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphrorychus mecedanus Reitter 1913	<div><p>Taphrorychus mecedanus Reitter</p><p>Specimens examined:   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap TR1  _  1, 41°20’34”N 13°00’54”E, 22.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap TR1  _  2, 41°20’34”N 13°00’55”E, 22.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap TR1  _  4, 41°20’33”N 13°00’56”E, 22.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap TR1  _   5, 41°20’33”N 13°00’56”E, 22.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE); 2 exx. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.015555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.015555/lat 41.3425)">Circeo National Park</a>, Selva del Circeo Trap TR6  _   1, 41°21’48”N 13°00’47”E, 16.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE); 2 exx. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.013056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.36333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.013056/lat 41.36333)">Circeo National Park</a>, Selva del Circeo Trap TR6  _  1, 41°21’48”N 13°00’47”E, 07.v.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (1 ex. DAFNE) (1 ex. DAFNAE);   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap TR6  _  3, 41°21’47”N 13°00’46”E, 16.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap TR6  _  4, 41°21’47”N 13°00’45”, 16.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap TR6  _  5, 41°21’46”N 13°00’44”E, 07.v.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);   1 ex.  Circeo National Park, Quarto Freddo Trap TR7  _  3, 41°22’03”N 13°02’38”E, 14.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);   1 ex. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.054444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.328888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.054444/lat 41.328888)">Circeo National Park</a>, Selva del Circeo Trap PP2_1, 41°19’42”N 13°03’15”E, 03.v.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE);  2 exx. Circeo National Park, Selva del Circeo Trap PP2_10, 41°19’44”N 13°03’16”E, 14.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (1 ex. DAFNE) (1 ex. DAFNAE);   1 ex. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.050556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.316944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.050556/lat 41.316944)">Circeo National Park</a>, Selva del Circeo Trap PP5_12, 41°19’01”N 13°03’02”E, 12.iv.2021, leg. F. Giarruzzo (DAFNE)  .</p><p>Female. Body elongated (1.6–1.8 mm), subcylindrical in shape. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, rounded anteriorly, curved profile with marked summit at the pronotal disc (Fig. 4A) and, in lateral view, clearly inclined anteriad (Fig. 4B–C). Anterior half asperate, with abundant low-relief granules, lightly hooked profile, arranged concentrically in non-parallel rows, gradually replaced by small punctiform granules and then to more or less distinct punctuation in posterior half. Basal and marginal area smooth, shagreened, semi-shining in-between the punctures. Antennae with 5-segmented funicle (including pedicel) and flat lenticular club; three slightly recurved, well-marked sutures on external face (Fig. 4D). Elytra parallel, with disc flat, declivity broadly rounded, with level suture or low relief. Striae and interstriae faint; elytra matt, no apparent punctuation except faintly indicated laterally. Minute granules on interstriae 1, 3 and 5 of declivity, uniform in size (Fig. 5). Elytral vestiture covers entirely the surface of disc and declivity. Fine whitish bristles setae, long, not very dense, more numerous on the pronotal slope and on the elytral declivity, longer on the interstriae, horizontally oriented. Species with sexual dimorphism, strongly evident in the area of the frons where females show a very dense brush of clustered yellow or white long setae, pointed forward in the centre of frons.</p><p>Male. Pronotum longer than wide (1.7–1.8×), frons granulate with fine, sparse and flexible setae.</p><p>Distribution. Previously recorded from Bulgaria, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia (Balachowsky 1949), as well as Turkey (mid-Black Sea region) and Algeria (Knížek 2009; Tuncer et al. 2017).</p><p>Host plants and phytosanitary relevance.  Taphrorychus Eichhoff, comprises species feeding exclusively on broadleaved trees, mostly  Fagaceae,  Betulaceae, and  Rosaceae (Balachowsky 1949; Marchioro et al. 2024). In particular, the main host trees of  Taphrorychus hirtellus are  Quercus cerris,  Q. frainetto,  Q. petraea,  Fagus sylvatica,  F. orientalis ( Fagaceae) and  Corylus avellana ( Betulaceae) (Pfeffer 1995). The species has been recorded occasionally also on  Castanea sativa ( Fagaceae) (Bright &amp; Skidmore 1997).</p><p>Taphrorychus hirtellus develops on felled or dried trees and branches, where it creates shallow and irregularly shaped maternal tunnels under the bark for oviposition. Each larva, feeding on plant tissue, hollows an independent larval gallery. These galleries, which spread out from the maternal ones, are slim, and deepen progressively until they reach the sapwood, often overlapping and irregularly intertwined (Wichmann 1912; Faccoli 2015). The species has no phytosanitary relevance, as previously noted by Roganovic (2012) and Tuncer et al. (2017). This may be further supported by present observations according to the locations where the species has been recorded.</p><p>Taphrorychus hirtellus differs from other Italian  Taphrorychus, specifically  T. bicolor Herbst and  T. villifrons Dufour by its smaller size (1.6–1.8 mm), the reddish-brown colour of the body and the yellow coloration on the legs and antennae, and most notably, by the distinctive punctuation of the elytra, which are completely absent. In fact,  T. bicolor and  T. villifrons are characterised by deep punctuation on the elytra and strongly setose appearance (Balachowsky 1949). In addition, according to Tuncer et al. (2017),  T. hirtellus can be distinguished from  Taphrorychus ramicola Reitter —species of comparable size (1.2–2.0 mm) and not recorded in Italy — by the shape of the pronotum. In  T. hirtellus, the pronotum has a distinct median summit when viewed laterally. Its elytra appear less shiny and lacking in striae when compared to  T. ramicola or  Taphrorychus minor Eggers, a species endemic to Sardinia and central Italy that develops on  Q. ilex (Gatti 2011) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87A49A12103A92BEA1F1FCB4BCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cresta, Eleonora;Faccoli, Massimo;Giarruzzo, Federica;Siero, Emanuele Di;Ruzzier, Enrico;Sora, Nicolò Di;Speranza, Stefano	Cresta, Eleonora, Faccoli, Massimo, Giarruzzo, Federica, Siero, Emanuele Di, Ruzzier, Enrico, Sora, Nicolò Di, Speranza, Stefano (2025): Taphrorychus hirtellus Eichhoff (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Dryocoetini) a new species to the Italian fauna, with a key to the Taphrorychus species of Europe. Zootaxa 5584 (4): 559-569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.4.7
03BE87A49A15103992BEA4A5FE46B9BD.text	03BE87A49A15103992BEA4A5FE46B9BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphrorychus Eichhoff	<div><p>Key to  Taphrorychus species of Europe (not including European Russia; modified from Pfeffer, 1995)</p><p>Taphrorychus can be identified by a pronotum slightly longer than wide in dorsal view, with subparallel sides and a marked summit visible in lateral view. The apical half of the pronotum is asperate, while the basal half is punctate, smooth, slightly rugose and shagreened. The vestiture on the pronotum is similar to that covering the entire surface of elytral disc and declivity.</p><p>The following key, modified from Balachowsky (1949) and Pfeffer (1995), is intended to facilitate the identification of  Taphrorychus occurring in Europe.</p><p>1 Pronotum subquadrate, with a distinctly marked median summit when viewed laterally; length 1.6–2.6 mm ............. 2</p><p>- Pronotum oblong, with no distinct summit when viewed laterally; length 1.2–2.0 mm..............  T. ramicola (Reitter)</p><p>2 Elytral declivity evenly arched in both sexes when viewed laterally; elytral declivity impunctate; elytral disc shagreened, without distinct rows of interstrial punctures; punctures faintly visible only along the sides of the elytra; interstrial setae seriate and robust; females without a dense tuft of setae on the frons; length &lt;1.8 mm .................................... 3</p><p>- Elytral declivity flat and gradually descending in males, gradually rounded in females when viewed laterally; elytral declivity with rows of interstrial punctures; elytral disc shining, with distinct and dense striae and interstriae; punctures clearly visible along the sides of the elytra; interstriae with sparse setae and bristles; females with a tuft of a setae on the frons; length&gt; 1.8 mm ................................................................................................ 4</p><p>3 Elytral declivity matt, without rows of strial punctures; elytra surface finely shagreened, setose on the sides and with long, erect, rows of light color setae in between; elytral disc rugose and without tubercles; elytral declivity with minute and uniform granules on interstriae 1, 3 and 5; pronotum base matt, without evident punctuation; length 1.6–1.8 mm ..................................................................................................  T. hirtellus ♀ Eichhoff</p><p>- Elytral declivity shiny, with rows of strial punctures; elytra surface extremely and finely punctured, very finely setose; elytral disc is smooth and the first interstriae are covered with single tubercles; elytral declivity without granules; pronotum base shiny, with fine and dense punctuation; length 1.8 mm ................................................  T. minor Eggers</p><p>4 Frons bearing only sparse and short setae; elytral declivity appearing flat in lateral view, gradually descending, and clearly distinct from the elytral disc; males....................................................................... 5</p><p>- Frons bearing a rounded tuft of dense setae; elytral declivity appearing moderately to steeply arched in lateral view, not flattened; females............................................................................................. 8</p><p>5 Elytral declivity clearly punctured, with sharper edges and with single or multiple rows of punctures; declivital interstria 1 with 5–9 granules; elytra ≤ 1.70× or ≥ 1.80× longer than wide..................................................... 6</p><p>- Elytral declivity very finely punctured, nearly smooth, semi-matt, with rounded edges and with three rows of fine granules; declivital interstria 1 with 5 or 6 distinct granules; elytra 1.70–1.75× longer than wide; length 1.8–2.4 mm ...............................................................................................  T. villifrons ♂ (Dufour)</p><p>6 Declivital interstriae 1 with 5 or 6 very fine granules; declivity with clear edges, surface shiny with 1–2 shallow striae; elytra 1.6–1.7× longer than wide with heavily punctured striae and interstriae; length 1.6–2.5 mm .........  T. bicolor ♂ (Herbst)</p><p>- Declivital interstriae 1 with 8 or 9 distinct granules; declivity with rounded edges, surface matt with clearly punctured striae; elytra 1.65–1.90× longer than wide with heavily punctured striae but very finely punctured interstriae; length 1.8–2.6 mm .. 7</p><p>7 Elytra 1.8–1.9× longer than wide; elytral declivity steep and shiny; length 1.8–2.6 mm .................  T. alni ♂ Pfeffer</p><p>- Elytra 1.65–1.70× longer than wide; elytral declivity flatly curved and matt; length 2.0– 2.2 mm ......  T. siculus ♂ Eggers</p><p>8 Elytral declivity irregular, with distinct rows of punctures; rows of granules are either absent or, if present, not necessarily aligned with declivital interstriae 1, 3 and 5; elytra 1.65–1.90× longer than wide................................... 9</p><p>- Elytral declivity smooth and uniform, with indistinct rows of punctures; rows of fine granules on declivital interstriae 1, 3, and 5; elytra 1.7–1.8× longer than wide; length 1.8–2.4 mm ...................................  T. villifrons ♀ (Dufour)</p><p>9 Elytral declivital interstriae bearing 8 or 9 granules in total; elytral striae strongly and densely punctured, while interstriae finely punctured; elytra 1.65–1.90× longer than wide............................................................. 10</p><p>- Elytral declivital interstriae without granules; elytral striae and interstriae strongly and densely punctured; elytra 1.80–1.85× longer than wide; length 1.6–2.5 mm ....................................................  T. bicolor ♀ (Herbst)</p><p>10 Elytra 1.85–1.90× longer than wide; elytral declivity shiny; length 1.8–2.6 mm .......................  T. alni ♀ Pfeffer</p><p>- Elytra 1.65–1.75× longer than wide; elytral declivity matt; length 2.0– 2.2 mm ....................  T. siculus ♀ Eggers</p><p>Checklist of  Taphrorychus of Europe (not including European Russia)</p><p>Countries abbreviations follow ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 standard list.</p><p>Taphrorychus alni Pfeffer</p><p>Distribution: E: FR (Southern France, Corsica) (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).</p><p>Host plants:  Alnus glutinosa .</p><p>Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst)</p><p>Distribution: E: AT, BE, BA, BG, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, HR, HU, IT, LI, LT, ME, MK, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SK, UA, “Caucasus”, A: IR, KP, KR, TR (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).</p><p>Host plants:  Carpinus betulus,  C. orientalis,  Fagus orientalis,  F. sylvatica,  Quercus petraea,  Q. robur .</p><p>Taphrorychus hirtellus (Eichhoff)</p><p>Distribution: E: BA, BG, CZ, HR, HU, IT, ME, MK, RO, SK, N: DZ, A: TR (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023, this contribution).</p><p>Host plants:  Corylus avellana,  Fagus orientalis,  F. sylvatica,  Quercus cerris,  Q. frainetto,  Q. petraea .</p><p>Taphrorychus minor Eggers</p><p>Distribution: E: IT, N: DZ (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).</p><p>Host plants:  Quercus ilex .</p><p>Taphrorychus ramicola (Reitter)</p><p>Distribution: E: BG, ST, “Caucasus”, A: IR, SY, TR (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).</p><p>Host plants:  Carpinus orientalis,  Corylus avellana,  Fagus orientalis,  Quercus cerris .</p><p>Taphrorychus siculus Eggers</p><p>Distribution: E: BA, IT (Sicily), SZ (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023)</p><p>Host plants:  Alnus sp.</p><p>Taphrorychus villifrons (Dufour)</p><p>Distribution: E:AT, BE, BG, CH, CZ, DE, ES, FR, GB, HR, HU, IT, MK, PT, RU, RS, SK, UA, “Caucasus”, N: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN, A: AM, IR, TR (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).</p><p>Host plants:  Carpinus betulus,  C. orientalis,  Castanea sativa,  Fagus orientalis,  F. sylvatica,  Quercus canariensis,  Q. castaneifolia,  Q. castaneifolia var. incana,  Q. cerris,  Q. frainetto,  Q. ilex,  Q. lusitanica,  Q. robur,  Q. suber .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87A49A15103992BEA4A5FE46B9BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cresta, Eleonora;Faccoli, Massimo;Giarruzzo, Federica;Siero, Emanuele Di;Ruzzier, Enrico;Sora, Nicolò Di;Speranza, Stefano	Cresta, Eleonora, Faccoli, Massimo, Giarruzzo, Federica, Siero, Emanuele Di, Ruzzier, Enrico, Sora, Nicolò Di, Speranza, Stefano (2025): Taphrorychus hirtellus Eichhoff (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Dryocoetini) a new species to the Italian fauna, with a key to the Taphrorychus species of Europe. Zootaxa 5584 (4): 559-569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.4.7
