identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B187E2FFD4EB538A8CD649E791FF1E.text	03B187E2FFD4EB538A8CD649E791FF1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synagrops atrumoris Mediodia & Lin, TOU-AE 2024	<div><p>Synagrops atrumoris Mediodia &amp; Lin 2024</p><p>Common name: Balckmouth splitfin</p><p>(DZ口尖ƬAE)</p><p>(Figs. 1A, 2A, 3 A, C, 4A, 5A; Table 1)</p><p>Synagrops atrumoris Mediodia &amp; Lin in Mediodia et al. 2024:4, Figs. 2–3A–D, 4, 5A–B, 6A, 7A–B, E–F, I–J, 8A–E ( Type locality: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.95/lat 18.933332)">Dongsha Island</a>, Taiwan, South China Sea, 18°56'N, 112°57'E; Holotype: ASIZP 0081729 )</p><p>Material examined. TOU-AE10935, 1 specimen, 135.1 mm SL, collected off Dong-gang Fishing Port, Pingtung County, southwestern Taiwan, bottom trawl, 13 Jan 2025, collector Jian-Fu Huang .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Dorsal fin IX, I, 9; anal fin II, 7; pectoral-fin ray 16; pelvic fin I, 5; principal caudal-fin ray 9+8; gill rakers on the first gill arch 3+10; vertebral formula 10+15. Other morphometric and meristic are presented in Table 1.</p><p>Body slightly elongated, its depth 25.5% in SL. Head large and naked, length 34.2% in SL. Eyes large and round, 29.8% in HL. Snout short and blunt, length 23.4% in HL. The nostrils are situated anterior to each eye. Preopercle with double edge; inner edge smooth; hind margin serrated; posteroventral margin of interopercle serrated; anteroventral margin of subopercle serrated; opercle with two weak spines. Mouth large, gape oblique; posterior edge of maxillary slightly extends beyond the vertical through the center of the eye; low jaw slightly projecting when mouth closed.</p><p>Two separate dorsal fins. First dorsal spine on the first dorsal fin (D1) shortest, its length not reaching half of the second dorsal spine on D1, third and fourth dorsal spines on D1 longest. The origin of first dorsal fin slightly posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base. Pectoral fin not reaching anus. Anal fin situated posteriorly, its origin at vertical through 4 th dorsal-fin soft ray on D2. Anus situated close to anal-fin insertion. Caudal fin forked.</p><p>Proximal-middle radial of the first anal-fin pterygiophore (FAP) long and bent towards the first haemal spine. Base of the proximal-middle radial of FAP is broad, tapering to a slender distal end (Fig. 2A, arrow).</p><p>Dentition. Premaxilla with a pair of large canines near symphysis, followed posteriorly by a wide band of short and blunt minute conical teeth. Dentary with 4 large canines near symphysis, followed by a band of short and blunt minute conical teeth, and a row of 3–4 large canines on each inner sides, a row of minute conical teeth on each outside, followed posteriorly by 2–3 rows of minute conical teeth. Vomer with a triangular patch of minute conical teeth and a row of longer and pointed teeth at rear margin. Palatines with 4–6 rows of short and blunt minute conical teeth, a row of longer and pointed conical teeth in anterior half inner side. Ectopterygoids wide, with 10–11 rows of short and blunt blunt minute conical teeth. Tongue without teeth (Fig. 3A, C, 4A).</p><p>Otolith, right sagitta. The sagitta is triangular, compressed and thin. Dorsal and ventral rims are nearly parallel, both slanting anteriorly. The dorsal rim with irregular undulations, while the ventral rim is relatively flat. The postero-dosal and postero-ventral angles are nearly perpendicular to the posterior rim. The postero- ventral angle is more rounded than the postero-dorsal angle. Below the horizontal midline of ostium with a large elliptical ostial colliculum and it oblique to the left anterior dorsal side. The cauda is elongated, slightly deep and markedly flexed ventrally at tip, narrowing toward the ventral area; caudal colliculum is absent. Crista superior and crista inferior well-developed. Notch broad. Excisura narrow (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Coloration. When fresh, body and head are black. The membrane of spinous portion of dorsal fin with black margin; soft portions of dorsal, pectoral, pelvic and anal fins bear minute melanophores; caudal fin rays are black. The oral cavity and the lower portion of the tongue are black (Fig. 1A, 3A).</p><p>When preserved, the overall coloration is similar to that of the fresh. The head is black to dark brown. The oral cavity and the lower portion of the tongue are black to gray.</p><p>Distribution. Previously known from the Dongsha Islands, Taiwan, and the South China Sea and possibly from the south of Scott Reefs, Western Australia (Mediodia et al. 2024). Our specimen represent the occurrence of this species from Dong-gang Fishing Port, Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, extending its known distribution.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The presently reported specimen is identified as Synagrops atrumoris based on the following characteristics: the oral cavity and the lower portion of the tongue are black; a triangular-shaped sagitta otolith.</p><p>In addition to the differences in otolith shape and oral cavity coloration, there are other distinguishing characteristics between Synagrops atrumoris and S. japonicus . S. atrumoris exhibits fewer gill rakers 3+10 (vs. 3+ 12–13 in S. japonicus; Table 1). Furthermore, the tip of the proximal-middle radial of FAP is slender and without hollow in S. atrumoris, but S. japonicas with wide and hollow tip (Fig. 2A–B, arrows). Moreover, the number of denticle rows on the palatine and ectopterygoid: 4–6 rows of small conical on palatine in S. atrumoris, 3–4 rows in S. japonicus; 10–11 rows of small conical on ectopterygoid in S. atrumoris, 7–8 rows in S. japonicas (Fig. 4A–B).</p><p>The specimen was collected off Dong-gang Fishing Port, Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, extending its known distribution.</p><p>Comparative material. Synagrops japonicus, TOU-AE11164-11166, 3 specimens, off Dong-gang Fishing Port, Pingtung, southwestern Taiwan, 30 May 2025, collector Jian-Fu Huang .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187E2FFD4EB538A8CD649E791FF1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Yu-Shan;Chen, Hong-Ming	Huang, Yu-Shan, Chen, Hong-Ming (2025): Additional description and geographic distribution of the splitfin ocean-bass Synagrops atrumoris from southwestern Taiwan. Zootaxa 5738 (1): 139-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.17
