taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B00674411CC720FF7FED278FB98028.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MADAGASCAR. Northern Madagascar, “ Ouest [West] Sambirano, Mananjeba, rocailles humides et ombragées [damp and shaded rocks], 300 m alt. [above sea level] ”, s. d. [i. e., no date], received at Herb. P on 10 October 1923, [J. M.] H. [A.] Perrier de la Bâthie 6561 (here corrected to lectotype, from “ Holo-P ”, the latter having been the interpretation of Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau 1995: 134) Herb. P barcode P 00374222 [image available for examination online at http: // coldb. mnhn. fr / catalognumber / mnhn / p / p 00374222]), second-step lectotype here designated (Fig. 3). Homotypic synonym: — Bryophyllum macrochlamys (H. Perrier) Berger (1930: 411). Heterotypic synonym: — Kalanchoe maromokotrensis Descoings & Rebmann (2006: 10), syn. nov. Type: — “ Descoings no 28312 (holo-, P), culture ” (Descoings & Rebmann 2006: 11). The specimen is possibly not extant. The image captioned “> Photo du centre, plantes fleuries [Kalanchoe maromokotrensis]: grandes inflorescences très ouvertes, de 30 – 40 cm de hauteur. (Ph. Richaud) ” [English: “> Photograph in the centre, flowering plants [of Kalanchoe maromokotrensis]: large, very open inflorescences, 30 – 40 cm high. ([Photograph] Philippe Richaud) ”] (Descoings & Rebmann 2006: 12 – 13) is here designated as lectotype (further discussed below under ‘ Nomenclatural notes on the name Kalanchoe maromokotrensis: — ’). Nomenclatural notes on the name Kalanchoe macrochlamys: — Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 134) stated that the “ Holo-P ” of the name K. macrochlamys, “ Perrier 6561 ”, is held in Herb. P, while Descoings (2003: 164) regarded “ Perrier 6561 [P] ” as “ T ” only, with “ T ” referring to the “ (nomenclatural) type ” (see Eggli 2003: X for the definition). In the protologue of the name K. macrochlamys, Perrier de la Bâthie (1928: 28) cited his “ (No 6561) ” only. At least four specimens of [J. M.] H. [A.] Perrier de la Bâthie 6561 are kept at Herb. P. Images of three of these are accessible online. They can be identified as follows: 1. Sambirano, Ouest, s. d. [no date], http: // coldb. mnhn. fr / catalognumber / mnhn / p / p 00374221 2. Sambirano, Ouest, Mt Mananjeba, 300 m above sea level, reçu le [received [at Herb. P] on] 10 October 1923, http: // coldb. mnhn. fr / catalognumber / mnhn / p / p 00374222 3. Sambirano, Ouest, Mt Mananjeba, 300 m above sea level, s. d. [no date], http: // coldb. mnhn. fr / catalognumber / mnhn / p / p 00374223 4. An image of the fourth specimen of [J. M.] H. [A.] Perrier de la Bâthie 6561 is not available for examination online. This specimen can be identified as: http: // coldb. mnhn. fr / catalognumber / mnhn / p / p 00431383 All three the specimens that are accessible online, i. e., those with barcodes P 00374221, P 00374222, and P 00374223, are undated. One of these three specimens, P 00373222, is recorded as having been received at Herb. P on 10 October 1923. The three sheets examined are not clearly labelled as being part of the same specimen and do not bear a single, original label in common, and therefore do not qualify, under Turland et al. (2025: Art. 8.3), as a specimen mounted as more than one preparation. Even though they have the same Perrier de la Bâthie number, i. e., 6561, these specimens therefore do not qualify as the holotype of the name K. macrochlamys. Under Turland et al. (2025: Note 3 in Art. 40) the four [J. M.] H. [A.] Perrier de la Bâthie 6561 specimens are syntypes, and it further cannot be established that Perrier de la Bâthie did not use any other elements when publishing the name K. macrochlamys. Use of “ holo- [P] ” by Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 134) is therefore here corrected to lectotype (Turland et al. 2025: Art. 9.10), and in a second-step lectotypification the first (lecto-) typification of Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 134) is narrowed down to the [J. M.] H. [A.] Perrier de la Bâthie 6561 specimen with the barcode P 00374222 held in Herb. P. This specimen, i. e., the one with barcode P 00374222, consists of both vegetative and reproductive material. Taxonomic note: — Kalanchoe macrochlamys is an accepted species. Nomenclatural notes on the name Kalanchoe maromokotrensis: — In the protologue of the name K. maromokotrensis, Descoings & Rebmann (2006: 11) provided the following type citation: “ [B. M.] Descoings no 28312 (holo-, P), culture ”. This specimen is not accessible for examination online at Herb. P (https: // www. mnhn. fr / en / vascular-plants-collection). It is possible that a specimen was not prepared of the living material (“ culture ” fide Descoings & Rebmann 2006: 11) provided to Herb. P. This apparently happened with the type specimens, B. M. Descoings 28314 and B. M. Descoings 28316, of, respectively, the names K. humifica Descoings (2005: 14) (see Miyata et al. 2016 and Miyata et al. 2018: 214) and K. peltigera Descoings (2005: 6) (see Shtein & Smith 2021 b: 52 and Shtein & Smith 2022: 74). Several illustrations that qualify as original material in the sense of Turland et al. (2025: Art. 9.4 (d, e)) are available and a lectotype can be an illustration (Turland et al. 2025: Articles 9.3 & 9.4 (d)). The name K. maromokotrensis is here lectotypified on the image captioned “> Photo du centre, plantes fleuries [Kalanchoe maromokotrensis]: grandes inflorescences très ouvertes, de 30 – 40 cm de hauteur. (Ph. Richaud) ” [English: “> Photograph in the centre, flowering plants [of Kalanchoe maromokotrensis]: large, very open inflorescences, 30 – 40 cm high. ([Photograph] Philippe Richaud) ”] (Descoings & Rebmann 2006: 12 – 13). Taxonomic note: — Kalanchoe maromokotrensis is an heterotypic synonym of K. macrochlamys. Etymology: — The specific epithet ‘ macrochlamys ’ refers to the large, inflated calyx that obscures a substantial part of the corolla. The epithet was derived from the Greek ‘ macro ’ (large) and ‘ - chlamys ’ (cloak). Revised diagnosis: — Kalanchoe macrochlamys differs from other kalanchoes by having a particularly large, violet-lined, inflated, glaucous-yellow calyx, and also by having seasonally and ontogenically differing, polymorphic leaves that vary from simple to up to 5 - or 7 - pinnatisect (rarely to 9 - pinnatisect), and from ovate to linear (leaf or lobe of a blade), and that are apically obtuse to deltoid-apiculate. Amplified description: — Plants bi- to triennial, monocarpic (excluding reproduction through tubers and bulbils), medium-sized erect succulents, to 0.8 – 1.2 m tall when in flower, generally unbranched, becoming basally woody, slIghTly glAucOus, glAbrOus ExcEPT fOr PrOxImAl ⅓ Of cOrOllA. Roots tuberous, tubers small, rounded, reproductive to somewhat elongated, form towards dry season, may disappear by rainy season. Stems terete, ± 15 mm in diam., internodes 15 – 50 mm long, smooth, greenish glaucous, covered with narrowly oval white spots in upper part, soon covered with light brown bark; bark separating into long narrow stripes below, in time becoming woodier, lacking stripes. Leaf scars small, crescentiform, medially rounded, encircling stem. Leaves opposite, decussate, polymorphic, restricted to upper part of stem; seedling, bulbil and tuber-shoot leaves simple, entire to serrate, oblong-ovate, whitish green, often distinctly dark green-venose, white-marginate, petiolate; leaves of other developmental stages slightly glaucous green when growing in shade to dark violet or bluish grey when growing in sites exposed to sun, paler, slightly whitish below; margins and main leaf vein may be reddish, depressions spotted dark purple; juvenile leaves entire, ovate, subsessile, basally connivent around stem, amplexicaul; mature leaves typically 3 – 7 (– 9) - pinnatisect, less notably venose, except for thickened midrib of each lobe, sessile, basally connate, auriculate, amplexicaul, shape of leaf or lobe blade seasonally variable: blade in dry season linear, involute, indistinctly venose, thick, strongly succulent, 15 – 20 × 0.3 – 1.0 cm, apex subacute, margins entire to sparsely irregularly crenate, crenations broad, depressions generally not bulbiliferous; blade in rainy season large, lanceolate to ovate, flat to slightly revolute, venose, thin except in the region surrounding the main vein that remains succulent throughout, leaves 20 – 40 × 15 – 20 cm, leaf or lobe blade lanceolate to oblong, 15 – 20 × 2 – 7 cm, apex obtuse to deltoid-acuminate, margins ungulate, subentire to finely regularly crenate-dentate, dentations deep, deltoid, depressions including along base of leaf bulbiliferous, some larger irregular dentations present, up to 3 – 5 mm long. Central vein deeply canaliculate above, groove widens abruptly basally, strongly projecting below, secondary veins often visible. Petiole when present 1 – 3 cm long and wide, terete in seedlings, otherwise widened at the base to form sheath with base of opposite leaf, connate, sometimes sub-stipulate. Inflorescence 25 – 50 × 18 – 25 cm, wider in basal ½, completely covered with layer of fine white wax, terminal, laxly paniculate, heterocladic thyrsoid, producing partial inflorescences of cincinnate-corymbose cymes from 4 – 6 nodes below terminal flower, each carrying 3 – 9 (– 17) flowers, medial partial inflorescences produce most flowers. Peduncle erect, diverse-bracteate from low down. Bracts linear-filamentous, entire, 20 – 40 × 2 – 4 mm, fleshy, strongly canaliculate. Bracteoles filamentous to oblong, entire, 7 – 15 mm long, bracteolar nodes facultatively developing few bulbils post-anthesis. Pedicels 8 – 12 mm long, basally ± 1.2 mm thick, tapering towards calyx to ± 0.7 mm, greenish white. Flowers tetramerous, pendent, 40 – 55 mm long, conic in bud, acuminate, basally only slightly concave. Calyx consisting of four sepals, sepals forming distinct cylindric-oblong (calyx) tube, 30 – 43 × 12 – 15 mm, very much inflated, thin, tubular-vesicular, may be very slightly tetragonal in cross-section, basally slightly concave; sepals glaucous pale green-yellow with three wide parallel red-violet stripes on each lobe; s epal lobes much shorter than calyx tube, ovatedeltoid, apex acuminate, 8 – 10 × 5 – 8 mm, basally widest, erect or adpressed to corolla, later apically recurved. Corolla 40 – 55 mm long, ± included in the calyx or exserted up to 15 mm, abaxially glandular pubescent, short-stipitate, stipe pale green, cylindrical, ± 1.5 × ± 3.5 mm, trichomes ± 0.5 mm long, stalks whitish, basally slightly widened, gland dark reddish, indumentum sparse to distinct in upper ½, glabrous to very sparse in lower ½; corolla tube 28 – 40 mm long, divided in two distinct parts; basal part pale green, strongly adpressed to ovaries, constricted above, thick, globose, with ± tetragonal section, ± 6 – 8 × 6 – 8 mm, presenting four wide, robust, convex ribs, upper part dull yellow to brownish golden yellow, with several thin, parallel purplish lines, cylindrical, ± oblong, very slightly tetragonal, 22 – 30 mm lONg, bAsAlly sTrONgly NArrOwEd, ± 3.5 mm IN dIAm., wIdEr TOwArds uPPEr ⅓, ± 10 mm IN dIAm., NArrOwEd AT top, ± 8 mm in diam. at top; corolla lobes oblong, distally deltoid, acuminate, indistinctly spreading, 10 – 13 × 4 – 6 mm. Stamens eight, 35 – 40 mm long; filaments reddish white, cylindrical, isodiametric, ± 1 mm in diam., barely tapering uPwArds, AffIxEd AT NArrOwEsT POINT Of cOrOllA TubE AT bOTTOm ⅓ Of cOrOllA, jusT AbOvE OvArIEs, INsErTINg INTO cOrOllA tube for 8 – 10 mm, free upwards; anthers brownish yellow, 4 - lined with violet stripes, oblong-ovoid, each theca ± 3.5 × ± 2.0 mm, widest basally, tip rounded, base cordate, with gap of 2 – 3 mm between (the) two stamen rows, reaching base of corolla lobes; pollen yellow. Carpels four, oppositipetalous, basally fused, then coalescing; ovaries oblong conical, 7 – 9 × ± 2.5 mm, basally widest, attenuate towards styles, pale green; nectar scales 1.5 – 2.0 × 2.0 (– 2.5) mm, as long as wide or wider, bowl-shaped-incurved, rather stiff, fleshy, centrally canaliculate, apically slightly notched, diverging from carpels; styles whitish green, + 30 mm long; stigma white. Fruit ± conical; follicles 9 × 5 mm, enveloped in dry, whitish, near-translucent remains of corolla, eventually brittle, reddish brown. Seed 0.7 – 1.0 × 0.10 – 0.15 mm, brown, straight to banana-shaped-curved, fusiform, tapering to both ends. Chromosome number: unknown. Additional material examined and iNaturalist observations recorded: — Specimens: Herb. P barcode P 02284584; Herb. P barcode P 00438296; Herb. P barcode P 00846872; Herb. PBZT barcode TAN 001640; LRK- 204 at TAN; G. Cremers 2517 at TAN. iNaturalist observations: no. 188135211, Loky Manambato Protected Area near Anjiabe; no. 7724497, Loky Manambato Protected Area near Daraina; no. 140151646, Ankarana Special Reserve; no. 1732272, Andrafiamena Andavakoera Protected Area.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Shtein, Ronen, Klein, David-Paul (2025): The nomenclature and taxonomy of the Malagasy Kalanchoe macrochlamys (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae), and inclusion of K. maromokotrensis in its synonymy, with notes on the natural geographical distribution range, ecology, and reproductive biology of the species. Phytotaxa 718 (4): 265-282, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.4.2
