taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03B387D3FFE4E510FF4AFBB6328AFA6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142806/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142806	FIGURE 27. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Arcuphantes based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with Centromerus sylvaticus. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	FIGURE 27. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Arcuphantes based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with Centromerus sylvaticus. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE4E510FF4AFD5E3340FBDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142802/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142802	FIGURE 26. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Micrargus based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with the Erigoninae Gonatium rubens. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	FIGURE 26. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Micrargus based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with the Erigoninae Gonatium rubens. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE4E511FF4AF8053765FD51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE5E511FF4AFD5933F8FA2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE5E51CFF4AF9C0338FF899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142738/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142738	FIGURE 1. Nihonella tanikawai sp. nov., male copulatory organs. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D palpal tibia, dorsal, E ditto, anterior; F bulb, ventral; G ditto, ventro-prolateral; H ditto, frontal; I ditto, ventroretrolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm, E–I = 0.05 mm. Abbreviations: C, cymbium; DSA, distal suprategular apophysis; E, embolus; MM, median membrane; R, radix; RA, radical apophysis; SDSA, secondary branch of DSA; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TP, tailpiece of radix.	FIGURE 1. Nihonella tanikawai sp. nov., male copulatory organs. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D palpal tibia, dorsal, E ditto, anterior; F bulb, ventral; G ditto, ventro-prolateral; H ditto, frontal; I ditto, ventroretrolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm, E–I = 0.05 mm. Abbreviations: C, cymbium; DSA, distal suprategular apophysis; E, embolus; MM, median membrane; R, radix; RA, radical apophysis; SDSA, secondary branch of DSA; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TP, tailpiece of radix.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE5E51CFF4AF9C0338FF899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142740/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142740	FIGURE 2. Nihonella tanikawai sp. nov., habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, lateral; C ditto, posterior; D vulva, dorsal; E habitus of male, dorsal; F ditto, ventral, G male cephalic region, anterior; H habitus of female, dorsal; I ditto, ventral, J female, cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm, E–F, H–I = 0.5 mm, G, J = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; FG, fertilization groove; LW, lateral wall; PMP, posterior median plate; PV, projections of ventral plate; S, spermatheca; VP, ventral plate.	FIGURE 2. Nihonella tanikawai sp. nov., habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, lateral; C ditto, posterior; D vulva, dorsal; E habitus of male, dorsal; F ditto, ventral, G male cephalic region, anterior; H habitus of female, dorsal; I ditto, ventral, J female, cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm, E–F, H–I = 0.5 mm, G, J = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; FG, fertilization groove; LW, lateral wall; PMP, posterior median plate; PV, projections of ventral plate; S, spermatheca; VP, ventral plate.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE5E51CFF4AF9C0338FF899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE9E51DFF4AFF183728FBC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142802/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142802	FIGURE 26. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Micrargus based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with the Erigoninae Gonatium rubens. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	FIGURE 26. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Micrargus based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with the Erigoninae Gonatium rubens. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE9E51AFF4AFBEC337EF8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142742/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142742	FIGURE 3. Micrargus cavernicolus from Mt. Fuji area, male copulatory organs. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D male from Sekiya-dokutsu cave, embolic division, prolateral; E ditto, retrolateral; F ditto, ventral; Scale bars: A−C = 0.2 mm, D−F = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: E, embolus; ET, embolic tooth; MM, median membrane; SD, sperm duct.	FIGURE 3. Micrargus cavernicolus from Mt. Fuji area, male copulatory organs. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D male from Sekiya-dokutsu cave, embolic division, prolateral; E ditto, retrolateral; F ditto, ventral; Scale bars: A−C = 0.2 mm, D−F = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: E, embolus; ET, embolic tooth; MM, median membrane; SD, sperm duct.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE9E51AFF4AFBEC337EF8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142744	FIGURE 4. Micrargus spp. habitus and details of copulatory organs. A M. herbigradus from North Italy, detail of embolic tooth; B M. cavernicolus from Sekiya-dokutsu cave, detail of embolic tooth; C ditto, tibia, dorsal; D epigyne, ventral; E vulva, dorsal; F ditto, by transparency, the white dashed line outlines the course of copulatory groove; G habitus of male, dorsal; H habitus of female, dorsal. Red arrows indicate the embolic tooth, yellow arrows the embolic membrane. Scale bars: A−C = 0.1 mm, D−F = 0.2 mm; G−H = 0.5 mm.Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; FG, fertilization groove; S, spermatheca; VP, ventral plate.	FIGURE 4. Micrargus spp. habitus and details of copulatory organs. A M. herbigradus from North Italy, detail of embolic tooth; B M. cavernicolus from Sekiya-dokutsu cave, detail of embolic tooth; C ditto, tibia, dorsal; D epigyne, ventral; E vulva, dorsal; F ditto, by transparency, the white dashed line outlines the course of copulatory groove; G habitus of male, dorsal; H habitus of female, dorsal. Red arrows indicate the embolic tooth, yellow arrows the embolic membrane. Scale bars: A−C = 0.1 mm, D−F = 0.2 mm; G−H = 0.5 mm.Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; FG, fertilization groove; S, spermatheca; VP, ventral plate.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE9E51AFF4AFBEC337EF8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142802/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142802	FIGURE 26. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Micrargus based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with the Erigoninae Gonatium rubens. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	FIGURE 26. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Micrargus based on COI barcode fragments reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML. Nodes with high support values (ML ˃80) are reported with black dots, nodes with middle support values (ML=75–80) are reported with grey dots. Each species is highlighted with different colors, newly amplified specimens from Japan are reported in red. The tree is rooted with the Erigoninae Gonatium rubens. Branch lengths were scaled to the number of substitutions per site.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFE9E51AFF4AFBEC337EF8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFEDE506FF4AFE7033F8F8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142746/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142746	FIGURE 5. Anguliphantes nasus, male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E ditto, ventro-prolateral. Scale bars: A–E = 0.2 mm.	FIGURE 5. Anguliphantes nasus, male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E ditto, ventro-prolateral. Scale bars: A–E = 0.2 mm.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFEDE506FF4AFE7033F8F8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142748/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142748	FIGURE 6. Anguliphantes nasus, male habitus and palp details. A embolic division, prolateral; B ditto, ventro-prolateral; C ditto, retrolateral; D paracymbium, retrolateral; E habitus, dorsal; F cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations:ARP, anterior radical process; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP, median process of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PH, pit hook; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; SU, suprategulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TH, thumb of embolus.	FIGURE 6. Anguliphantes nasus, male habitus and palp details. A embolic division, prolateral; B ditto, ventro-prolateral; C ditto, retrolateral; D paracymbium, retrolateral; E habitus, dorsal; F cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations:ARP, anterior radical process; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP, median process of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PH, pit hook; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; SU, suprategulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TH, thumb of embolus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFEDE506FF4AFE7033F8F8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF3E502FF4AFB7D376DF985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142750/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142750	FIGURE 7. Arcuphantes ashifuensis, male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, prolateral; H ditto, retrolateral. Red arrows indicate the massive, ribbon-like projection of the terminal apophysis of the radix, diagnostic of this species. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA1–2, processes of the posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; SU, suprategulum; TH, thumb of embolus; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	FIGURE 7. Arcuphantes ashifuensis, male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, prolateral; H ditto, retrolateral. Red arrows indicate the massive, ribbon-like projection of the terminal apophysis of the radix, diagnostic of this species. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA1–2, processes of the posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; SU, suprategulum; TH, thumb of embolus; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF3E502FF4AFB7D376DF985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142752/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142752	FIGURE 8. Arcuphantes ashifuensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D vulva, dorsal; E male cephalic region, anterior; F habitus of male, dorsal; G habitus of female, dorsal; H male left chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.5 mm; F−G = 1 mm; H = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; FG, fertilization groove; LL, lateral lobes of scapus; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 8. Arcuphantes ashifuensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D vulva, dorsal; E male cephalic region, anterior; F habitus of male, dorsal; G habitus of female, dorsal; H male left chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.5 mm; F−G = 1 mm; H = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; FG, fertilization groove; LL, lateral lobes of scapus; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF3E502FF4AFB7D376DF985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF6E503FF4AF92D376DFE5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142754/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142754	FIGURE 9. Arcuphantes digitatus male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; DTA1–2, dorsal tibial apophyses; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; LE, lamellar extension; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	FIGURE 9. Arcuphantes digitatus male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; DTA1–2, dorsal tibial apophyses; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; LE, lamellar extension; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF6E503FF4AF92D376DFE5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142756/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142756	FIGURE 10. Arcuphantes digitatus habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A−C, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 10. Arcuphantes digitatus habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A−C, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF6E503FF4AF92D376DFE5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF4E50EFF4AFA6F31B2F93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142758/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142758	FIGURE 11. Arcuphantes elephantis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, prolateral; H ditto, retrolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; SU, suprategulum; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	FIGURE 11. Arcuphantes elephantis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, prolateral; H ditto, retrolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; SU, suprategulum; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF4E50EFF4AFA6F31B2F93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142760/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142760	FIGURE 12. Arcuphantes elephantis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: AC, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 12. Arcuphantes elephantis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: AC, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF4E50EFF4AFA6F31B2F93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFFAE50CFF4AF8B6328AFC85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142762/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142762	FIGURE 13. Arcuphantes fujiensis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus.	FIGURE 13. Arcuphantes fujiensis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFFAE50CFF4AF8B6328AFC85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142764/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142764	FIGURE 14. Arcuphantes fujiensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars:AC, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 14. Arcuphantes fujiensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars:AC, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFFAE50CFF4AF8B6328AFC85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF9E50DFF4AFF1830D5FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142766/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142766	FIGURE 15. Arcuphantes hikosanensis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; MM, median membrane; MP, median process of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	FIGURE 15. Arcuphantes hikosanensis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; MM, median membrane; MP, median process of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP1−2, retrolateral basal processes of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus; VT, ventral process of paracymbium.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF9E50DFF4AFF1830D5FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142770/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142770	FIGURE 16. Arcuphantes hikosanensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: AC, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; LL, lateral lobes of scapus; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 16. Arcuphantes hikosanensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: AC, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; LL, lateral lobes of scapus; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF9E50DFF4AFF1830D5FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF9E536FF4AFC2B362EFBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142776/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142776	FIGURE 17. Arcuphantes iseensis sp. nov. male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm; E−H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; LE, lamellar extension; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP1–2, outer processes of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium.	FIGURE 17. Arcuphantes iseensis sp. nov. male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm; E−H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; LE, lamellar extension; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP1–2, outer processes of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF9E536FF4AFC2B362EFBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142778/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142778	FIGURE 18. Arcuphantes iseensis sp. nov., habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D vulva, dorsal; E left chelicera of male, anterior; F ditto, of female, anterior; G habitus of male, dorsal; H habitus of female, dorsal; I male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E−F, I = 0.2 mm; G−H = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; FG, fertilization groove; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 18. Arcuphantes iseensis sp. nov., habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D vulva, dorsal; E left chelicera of male, anterior; F ditto, of female, anterior; G habitus of male, dorsal; H habitus of female, dorsal; I male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E−F, I = 0.2 mm; G−H = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; FG, fertilization groove; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFF9E536FF4AFC2B362EFBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC2E535FF4AFB0930FDFA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142783/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142783	FIGURE 19. Arcuphantes longissimus, male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, prolateral; H ditto, retrolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP1−2, outer processes of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PP, posterior process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; SU, suprategulum.	FIGURE 19. Arcuphantes longissimus, male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, prolateral; H ditto, retrolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; OP1−2, outer processes of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PP, posterior process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; SU, suprategulum.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC2E535FF4AFB0930FDFA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142787/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142787	FIGURE 20. Arcuphantes longissimus habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D vulva, dorsal; E male cephalic region, anterior; F habitus of male, dorsal; G habitus of female, dorsal; H male left chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: A–D, E, H = 0.2 mm, F–G = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; FG, fertilization groove; LW, lateral wall of epigyne; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 20. Arcuphantes longissimus habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D vulva, dorsal; E male cephalic region, anterior; F habitus of male, dorsal; G habitus of female, dorsal; H male left chelicera, anterior. Scale bars: A–D, E, H = 0.2 mm, F–G = 1 mm. Abbreviations: CG, copulatory groove; CO, copulatory opening; DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; FG, fertilization groove; LW, lateral wall of epigyne; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC2E535FF4AFB0930FDFA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC1E530FF4AFA6130ACFC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142789/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142789	FIGURE 21. Arcuphantes tamaensis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus.	FIGURE 21. Arcuphantes tamaensis male palp. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC1E530FF4AFA6130ACFC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142791/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142791	FIGURE 22. Arcuphantes tamaensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–C, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	FIGURE 22. Arcuphantes tamaensis habitus and female copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B ditto, dorsal; C ditto, lateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal; F male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–C, F = 0.2 mm; D−E = 1 mm. Abbreviations: DS, distal part of scapus; EB, epigynal base; PMP, posterior median plate; SC, scapus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC1E530FF4AFA6130ACFC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC4E53EFF4AFBB13093FBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142793/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142793	FIGURE 23. Arcuphantes cf. troglodytarum. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral; I habitus of male, dorsal; J male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D, J = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm; I = 1 mm. Abbreviations:ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus.	FIGURE 23. Arcuphantes cf. troglodytarum. A whole palp, prolateral; B ditto, retrolateral; C ditto, ventral; D ditto, dorsal; E paracymbium, retrolateral; F embolic division, ventral; G ditto, retrolateral; H ditto, prolateral; I habitus of male, dorsal; J male cephalic region, anterior. Scale bars: A–D, J = 0.2 mm, E–H = 0.1 mm; I = 1 mm. Abbreviations:ARP, anterior radical process; ATA, anterior part of terminal apophysis; DP, distal process of paracymbium; E, embolus; EP, embolus proper; FiG, Fickert’s gland; LC, lamella characteristica; MM, median membrane; MP1−2, median processes of paracymbium; MTA, membrane of terminal apophysis; OP, outer process of paracymbium; PMR, prolateral median process of radix; PTA, posterior part of terminal apophysis; R, radix; RBP, retrolateral basal process of cymbium; TH, thumb of embolus.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFC4E53EFF4AFBB13093FBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFCBE53FFF4AFC7D328AF936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142797/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142797	FIGURE 24. Porrhomma rakanum habitus and copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C embolic division, prolateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; E, embolus; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate; SD, sperm duct; VE, velum; VP, ventral plate.	FIGURE 24. Porrhomma rakanum habitus and copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C embolic division, prolateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; E, embolus; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate; SD, sperm duct; VE, velum; VP, ventral plate.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFCBE53FFF4AFC7D328AF936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142799/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142799	FIGURE 25. Porrhomma spp. habitus and copulatory organs. A Porrhomma niimiensis sp. nov., epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C habitus of female, dorsal; D female cephalic region, anterior; E details of vulva, ventral; F ditto, dorsal; G P. rakanum, details of vulva, ventral; H ditto, dorsal; Scale bars:A–B, E−H = 0.1 mm; C = 1.0 mm; D = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations:A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate.	FIGURE 25. Porrhomma spp. habitus and copulatory organs. A Porrhomma niimiensis sp. nov., epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C habitus of female, dorsal; D female cephalic region, anterior; E details of vulva, ventral; F ditto, dorsal; G P. rakanum, details of vulva, ventral; H ditto, dorsal; Scale bars:A–B, E−H = 0.1 mm; C = 1.0 mm; D = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations:A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFCBE53FFF4AFC7D328AF936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFCBE53BFF4AF8A431EAFD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142799/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142799	FIGURE 25. Porrhomma spp. habitus and copulatory organs. A Porrhomma niimiensis sp. nov., epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C habitus of female, dorsal; D female cephalic region, anterior; E details of vulva, ventral; F ditto, dorsal; G P. rakanum, details of vulva, ventral; H ditto, dorsal; Scale bars:A–B, E−H = 0.1 mm; C = 1.0 mm; D = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations:A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate.	FIGURE 25. Porrhomma spp. habitus and copulatory organs. A Porrhomma niimiensis sp. nov., epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C habitus of female, dorsal; D female cephalic region, anterior; E details of vulva, ventral; F ditto, dorsal; G P. rakanum, details of vulva, ventral; H ditto, dorsal; Scale bars:A–B, E−H = 0.1 mm; C = 1.0 mm; D = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations:A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFCBE53BFF4AF8A431EAFD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142797/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142797	FIGURE 24. Porrhomma rakanum habitus and copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C embolic division, prolateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; E, embolus; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate; SD, sperm duct; VE, velum; VP, ventral plate.	FIGURE 24. Porrhomma rakanum habitus and copulatory organs. A epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C embolic division, prolateral; D habitus of male, dorsal; E habitus of female, dorsal. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: A, appendix of spermatheca; AP, ascending part of copulatory groove; E, embolus; EA, epigyne aperture; LW, lateral walls of epigyne; MB, main body of spermatheca; MS, main sack of spermatheca; PMP, posterior median plate; SD, sperm duct; VE, velum; VP, ventral plate.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
03B387D3FFCBE53BFF4AF8A431EAFD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/21142808/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21142808	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	FIGURE 28. Distribution maps of the species and related cave records discussed in the text. A Genera Nihonella (circles), Micrargus (triangles), and Porrhomma (diamonds); B Genera Anguliphantes (square) and Arcuphantes (circles). Maps created with QGIS3.	2026-06-10	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki		Zenodo	biologists	Ballarin, Francesco;Nagai, Toshimichi;Yamasaki, Takeshi;Eguchi, Katsuyuki			
