identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B487FBFF9D76033DD1FAD0FB91AE13.text	03B487FBFF9D76033DD1FAD0FB91AE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trimmatom novempunctatus Chen & Harefa 2025	<div><p>Trimmatom novempunctatus Chen &amp; Harefa, sp. nov.</p><p>(九LJ小DZDzm)</p><p>(Figs. 1–2)</p><p>Trimmatom macropodus (not of Winterbottom 1989): 2404 (Taiwan).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype. NTOUP-2022-01-136, 1 male (13.6 mm SL), Wanlintong, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, depth 5–6 m, coll. T. Harefa, H.-E. Li and D.-Y. Hong, 21 January 2022.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>NTOUP-2020-11-093, 1 (12.1), Tiaoshi, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, depth 5–7 m, coll. T. Harefa et al., 16 November 2020; NTOUP-2020-11-094, 1 (11.5 mm SL), Wanlintong, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, depth 5–7 m, coll. T. Harefa et al., 16 November 2020 .</p><p>NTOUP-2021-12-187, 1 (11.8 mm SL), Jihue, Chenggong Township, Taitung County, Taiwan, depth 6–8 m, coll. T. Harefa et al., 21 December 2021 .</p><p>NTOUP-2022-01-137, 3 (11.2–12.1 mm SL), same locality and date as holotype. NTOUP-2022-01-139, 3 (10.7–12.2 mm SL), Shanhai, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, depth 8–9 m, coll. T. Harefa et al., 23 January 2022 .</p><p>NTOUP-2022-01-138, 5 (12.2–13.7 mm SL), Wanlintong, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, depth 5–6 m, coll. T. Harefa et al., 21 January 2022 . ASIZP0081795, 2 (12.0– 12.2 mm SL), Shanhai, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, depth 6–7 m, coll. T. Harefa et al., 24 January 2022 .</p><p>NTOUP-2022-11-158, 3 (8.9–9.7 mm SL), Jihue, Chenggong Township, Taitung County, Taiwan, depth 5–6 m, coll. T. Harefa and D.Y. Hong, 17 November 2022 . NTOUP-2023-01-098, 1 (12.2 mm SL), Jihue, Chenggong Township, Taitung County, Taiwan, depth 5–6 m, coll. T. Harefa et al., 12 January 2023 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Trimmatom novempunctatus sp. nov. can be well distinguished from congeners by the following unique combination of features: D1 VI; D2 8–10; A 8–9; P 13–14; LR 23; TR 5. Second spine of D1 longest and often elongate, reaching between origin and fourth ray of D2, when depressed; P rays all unbranched; first to third rays of V branched once, fourth and fifth rays unbranched and fourth ray elongated posteriorly (reaching beyond the base of last anal fin ray), fifth ray 6–10% as long as fourth ray. Distinctive coloration: dorsum with nine dark spots in medial row extending from first dorsal fin to upper procurrent caudal fin, and five dense dark spots on ventral side of the body, between anal fin origin and end of caudal peduncle.</p><p>Description</p><p>Morphometric measurements as shown in Table 1. Body elongated, head moderately compressed. Mouth oblique, maxilla extending posteriorly to vertical drawn through mid-pupil. Lower jaw protruding slightly beyond tip upper jaw. Anterior nasal opening with short, tapered tube reaching anteriorly to point above posterior margin of upper lip, posterior opening pore-like with low raised rim. Eyes large, positioned dorsolaterally. Narrow interorbital width with no trenches. Gill opening on each side large, extending anteroventrally to vertical drawn through posterior edge of orbit.</p><p>Fins.—Spine and ray counts: D1 VI; D2 8–10; A 8–9; P 13–14; V I/5+I/5. Second spine of D1 longest and often elongate, reaching to point between origin and fourth ray of D2 when depressed. D1 membrane not connected to origin of second dorsal-fin. D2 usually unbranched, but two examined specimens (fourth to sixth rays branched). A origin located below second ray of D2; its rays usually unbranched except fifth ray branched in one examined specimen. P rays unbranched, reaching to vertical drawn through anus. V with no frenum and with vestigial basal membrane; first to third rays each branched once, fourth ray unbranched and elongate (when undamaged reaching beyond the base last ray of anal-fin), fifth ray 6–10% as long as fourth ray.</p><p>Scales.—LR 23; TR 5. SDP 0, no scales on mid-predorsal area, nape, cheek or opercle. Body with ctenoid scales.</p><p>Head lateral-line system (Fig. 2)</p><p>Head canals and pores. No canal pore on head.</p><p>Sensory papillae. Sensory papillae or free neuromasts distributed as follows, with counts and ranges shown in parentheses: Row a (5) long, extending from posterior to anterior of orbit; rows b and d (1–2 and 1–2, respectively); row c (5) situated longitudinally below infraorbital; single cp papillae (1); rows e and i (8–9 and 13–14, respectively) on pre-operculo-mandibular; row f (2 paired papillae) on rostral mandibular; rows ot, oi and os (6–7, 2 and 2, respectively) on opercular; rows u, x and z (4–5, 3–4 and 1–2, respectively) on nape.</p><p>Coloration while fresh</p><p>Head and body with yellowish-white background bearing scattered black melanophores and reddish-orange spots. Yellowish background with black melanophores also extending posteriorly from upper lip to anterior margin of eye. Cheek with vertical bar of black melanophores and yellow spots extending from below mid-pupil to beyond end of lower jaw. Mid-opercle with vertical bar of black melanophores. Two ovals composed of black melanophores and yellow spots on uppermost and middle parts of posterior side pectoral fin base. Dorsum with medial row of nine dark spots extending from origin of the first dorsal-fin to the upper procurrent caudal-fin. First dark spot located bases of D1 spines 2–3, 2 nd at base of D1 spine 6, 3 rd between D1 and D2, 4 th at bases of D2 rays 2–3, 5 th at bases of D2 rays 6–7, 6 th, 7 th, and 8 th on anterior, middle and posterior parts of caudal peduncle, respectively, and 9 th on upper procurrent caudal-fin. Five dark spots in medial row along ventral side of body: 1 st at bases of A rays 2–3, 2 nd at bases of A rays 6–7, 3 rd to 5 th on caudal peduncle. P and V translucent. D1, D2, A, and C fin membranes orangeyellow with whitish spots on margins.</p><p>Coloration in preservation</p><p>Head and body with whitish background. Light brown melanophores on body. Most obvious dark marks bars and spots on cheek, nape, mid-opercle, dorsum and ventral body. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fin with scattered melanophores.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name, which refers to the row of nine of dark spots on the dorsal profile of trunk from D1 fin base to C base, is an adjective derived from Latin ‘ novem ’ (= nine) and ‘ punctatus ’ (= spotted), with an ending masculine to match the generic name.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Trimmatom novempunctatus sp. nov. was found from coast of southeastern and southern Taiwan (Fig. 8).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Winterbottom (1989) described Trimmatom macropodus species, with a type locality from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and included a paratype from Taiwan (USNM293529). However, he also noted color differences between the Taiwanese and Australian specimens. In this study, through further collection of Trimmatom specimens from Taiwanese waters, coupled with morphological and genetic analyses, revealed that the current specimens belong to a distinct species, Trimmatom novempunctatus sp. nov. Consequently, it is strongly suggested that T. macropodus should be strict to the holotype defined from the Australian waters. The two species shares the same ray count in the dorsal, anal and pectoral fin, the same number of longitudinal scale rows, and an elongated fourth ray of the pelvic-fin. The new species differs from T. macropodus in having fewer transverse scale rows (5 vs 6), and a relatively shorter fifth ray of the pelvic-fin (6–10% as long as the fourth ray vs 15%). Moreover, these two species also differ considerably in their coloration in life: T. novempunctatus sp. nov., has a vertical bar with black melanophores below the eyes and another on mid-preopercle (vs only below the eyes), a greater number of dark spots on dorsum, starting from the first dorsal fin to upper procurrent caudal fin (9 vs 6) and five dark spots along the ventral side of body (vs faintly visible markings).</p><p>Trimmatom novempunctatus sp. nov. is easily distinguished from T. nanus, T. offucius and T. sagma by the presence of body scales (vs scaleless).Among its scale-bearing congeners, it can be distinguished from T. zapotes by having fewer number of longitudinal scales rows (23 vs 24–25) and once-branched first to third rays of pelvic-fin (vs all pelvic-fin rays unbranched). It can be distinguished from three other scaled species, T. eviotops, T. tetramaculatus and T. pharus, by the elongated fourth ray of its pelvic fin, which reaches posteriorly beyond the base of last anal-fin ray (vs short and reaching posteriorly only to the anus or the origin of the anal-fin)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487FBFF9D76033DD1FAD0FB91AE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harefa, Tonisman;Chen, I-Shiung	Harefa, Tonisman, Chen, I-Shiung (2025): Two new species of marine goby genus Trimmatom (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Taiwan with comments on a newly recorded species. Zootaxa 5738 (1): 48-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10
03B487FBFF99760E3DD1FD8CFF5DAFC3.text	03B487FBFF99760E3DD1FD8CFF5DAFC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trimmatom tetramaculatus Harefa & Chen 2025	<div><p>Trimmatom tetramaculatus Harefa &amp; Chen, sp. nov.</p><p>(四帶小DZDzm)</p><p>(Figs. 3–4)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype. NTOUP-2022-11-157, 1 female (12.6 mm SL), Jihue, Chenggong Township, Taitung County, Taiwan, depth 5–6 m, coll. T. Harefa and D.Y Hong, 17 November 2022.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Trimmatom tetramaculatus sp. nov. can be well distinguished from congeners by the following unique combination of features: D1 VI; D2 9; A 9; P 18; LR 23; TR 6. Second spine of D1 longest but not reaching origin of D2 when depressed; P rays unbranched; first to fourth rays of V branched once, fifth ray unbranched 12% as long as fourth. Distinctive colorations: a short, light–purplish-blue band on each side of upper opercle but not connected across nape; upper side of body with four broad, light-purplish-blue vertical bands.</p><p>Description</p><p>Morphometric measurements as shown in Table 1. Body elongated; head moderately compressed. Mouth oblique, maxilla extending posteriorly to vertical drawn through mid-pupil. Lower jaw protruding slightly beyond tip upper jaw. Anterior nasal with short, tapered tube reaching anteriorly to above posterior margin of upper lip, posterior opening pore-like with low raised rim. Eyes large, situated dorsolaterally. Narrow interorbital width with no trenches. Gill opening on each side large, extending anteroventrally to vertical drawn through posterior edge of orbit.</p><p>Fins.—Spine and rays counts: D1 VI; D2 9; A 9; P 18; V I/5+I/5. Second spine of D1 longest but not elongated and not reaching origin of D2, when depressed. D1 membrane not connected to origin of second dorsal fin. Both D2 and A unbranched. A origin located below second ray of D2. P rays unbranched, reaching to vertical drawn through anus. V without frenum, basal membrane vestigial; first to fourth rays each branched once, fourth ray longest and reaching anus, fifth ray 12% as long as fourth ray and unbranched</p><p>Scales.—LR 23; TR 6; SDP 0, no scales on mid-predorsal, nape, cheek or opercle. Body with ctenoid scales.</p><p>Head lateral-line system (Fig. 4)</p><p>Head canals and pores. No canal pores on head.</p><p>Sensory papillae. Sensory papillae or free neuromasts distributed as follows, with counts and ranges shown in parentheses: row a (4) long, extending from posterior to anterior of orbit; rows b abraded. Row d (3); row c (5) present longitudinally below infraorbital; single cp pappillae (1); rows e and i (21 and 12, respectively) on preoperculo-mandibular; row f (2 paired papillae) on rostral mandibular; rows ot, oi and os (7, 2 and 2, respectively) on opercular; rows u, x and z (4, 4 and 3, respectively) on oculoscapular.</p><p>Coloration while fresh</p><p>Head and body with light-purplish-blue background. Cheek with two light-orange vertical bands and scattered brown spots, space between bands with dense tiny, oval, brown spots. Opercle with orange band extending vertically to anterior part of dorsum. Both sides of upper opercle with short light-purplish-blue band, these being discontinuous across nape. Body with four broad, orange-reddish vertical bands: 1 st and 2 nd band separated ventrally but joined dorsally; connected to contralateral band through bases of D1 spines 4–6; 3 rd band joined ventrally to 2 nd band, connected to contralateral bands through bases of D2 rays 2–5; 4 th band joined to 3 rd band in lower half of body, connected to contralateral band through posterior end of second dorsal fin. Four light-purplish-blue wedge-like spaces between these bands on upper half of body: 1 st wedge connected to contralateral wedge at origin of D1; 2 nd between D1 and D2; 3 rd through D2 rays 5–9; situated on caudal peduncle, with extension onto procurrent caudal fin. Base of P orange, with two spots from brown melanophores spots on upper and lower posterior margins. D1 spine red with reddish stripe near base of fin. D2 rays red with stripe extending from 1 st to 5 th ray near base of fin. Other fins: A translucent with rays reddish near their bases; P and V translucent; C reddish but translucent near margin.</p><p>Coloration in preservation</p><p>Head and body whitish background. Check with scattered melanophores, with two brown bars. Upper opercle and anterior nape with cluster of brown melanophores. Pectoral fin with two brown blotches melanophores on upper and lower base. Body with four broad brown bands. Caudal peduncle with scattered brown melanophores. Dorsal fin translucent, anal fin and caudal fin with scattered dark brown melanophores.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name, which refers to the four light-purplish-blue on uppers side of body, is a compound participle derived from Greek ‘ tetra’ (combining form for ‘four’), and Latin ‘ maculatus’ (= stained), with an ending masculine to match the generic name.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Trimmatom tetramaculatus sp. nov. was found from reefs of Taitung, southeastern Taiwan (Fig. 8).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Trimmatom tetramaculatus sp. nov. can be distinguished immediately from T. nanus, T. offucius and T. sagma by the presence of body scales. It differs from T. nanus in having higher counts of pectoral-fin rays (18 vs 14–16). T. offucius differs from T. tetramaculatus in having higher counts of pectoral fin rays (19–22 vs 18) and higher counts of second dorsal-fin rays (10–12 vs 9). The new species also can be distinguished from T. sagma by having fewer rays of both second-dorsal fin (9 vs 11–12) and anal-fin (9 vs 10–12). Among its scale-bearing congeners, T. tetramaculatus can be distinguished from T. zapotes by having fewer longitudinal scale rows (23 vs 24–25), more rays in pectoral-fin (18 vs 12–13), first to fourth rays of pelvic-fin each branched once (vs all pelvic-fin rays unbranched), and a relatively shorter fifth ray of the pelvic-fin (&lt;10% as long as fourth ray vs 12%).</p><p>It can be distinguished from T. novempunctatus and T. macropodus by its higher counts of pectoral-fin ray (18 vs 13–14) and the shorter fourth ray of its pelvic-fin, which reaches posteriorly only to anus (vs elongate, reaching posteriorly beyond the base of last anal-fin ray). T. tetramaculatus differs further from T. novempunctatus in having more transverse scale rows (6 vs 5), and a relatively longer fifth ray of the pelvic-fin (12% as long as fourth ray vs 6–10%). Finally, it differs from T. pharus tetramaculatus in having fewer transverse scale rows (6 vs 7) and a different coloration pattern (body with 4 orange-reddish vertical bands vs 9–10 such bands).</p><p>Trimmatom tetramaculatus sp. nov., is rather similar in coloration to T. eviotops in that both species have broad vertical bands on the upper side of body. They also both have branched first to fourth rays of pelvic-fin and unbranched fifth ray as well as identical ray counts in the anal- and pectoral-fins. However, T. tetramaculatus differs from T. eviotops in having fewer longitudinal scale rows (23 vs 26–27), fewer transverse scales rows (6 vs 8), fewer second dorsal-fin rays (9 vs 10–11). Differences in coloration include: the lack in T. tetramaculatus of any connection across the nape of the short light-purplish-blue bands on both sides of upper opercle (vs similar bands connected across the nape) and the presence of four (vs five) light-purplish-blue vertical band on the upper side of the body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487FBFF99760E3DD1FD8CFF5DAFC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harefa, Tonisman;Chen, I-Shiung	Harefa, Tonisman, Chen, I-Shiung (2025): Two new species of marine goby genus Trimmatom (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Taiwan with comments on a newly recorded species. Zootaxa 5738 (1): 48-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10
03B487FBFF94760C3DD1FBF0FD9AAE13.text	03B487FBFF94760C3DD1FBF0FD9AAE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trimmatom pharus Winterbottom 2001	<div><p>Trimmatom pharus Winterbottom, 2001</p><p>(Figs 5–6)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>NTOUP-2021-12-247, 1 female (12.4 mm SL), Longdong, Gongliao District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, depth 12–15 m, coll. H.E. Li, T. Harefa and D.Y. Hong, 09 December 2021 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Trimmatom pharus can be well distinguished from congeners by the following unique combination of features: D1 VI; D2 9; A 9; P 17–20; LR 22; TR 7; SDP 0. Pectoral fin rays unbranched; first to fourth rays of V branched once, fifth ray unbranched and 10–20 % as long as fourth. No scales on cheek, opercle, nape or predorsal. Coloration in life including 9–10 vertical red bands on body.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Besides the type locality Anonyme Island, Seychelles (Fig. 8), this species is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, with previous records from Amirante Islands, Chagos Archipelago, Indonesia, Timor Sea, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Island, Australia, Philippines and Japan (Winterbottom 2001; Allen &amp; Adrim 2003; Nakae et al. 2018; Heemstra et al. 2022).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The present specimen represents the first record of T. pharus from Taiwan. This record fills the gap in the known range of the species and suggests that it might be widely distributed on western Pacific coral reefs. Morphological measurements, meristic counts and a depiction of the head lateral-line system are presented here to augment the available information on this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487FBFF94760C3DD1FBF0FD9AAE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harefa, Tonisman;Chen, I-Shiung	Harefa, Tonisman, Chen, I-Shiung (2025): Two new species of marine goby genus Trimmatom (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Taiwan with comments on a newly recorded species. Zootaxa 5738 (1): 48-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10
03B487FBFF97760D3DD1FC29FA3FA9DF.text	03B487FBFF97760D3DD1FC29FA3FA9DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trimmatom Winterbottom & Emery 1981	<div><p>Diagnostic key to all nominal species of Trimmatom</p><p>1a. Body scales present................................................................................... 2</p><p>1b. Body scales absent.................................................................................... 7</p><p>2a. All V rays unbranched.......................................................................... T. zapotes</p><p>2b. Some V rays branched................................................................................. 3</p><p>3a. 1 st to 3 rd rays of V branched, 4 th ray of V elongated, reaching posteriorly to last base of A ray......................... 4</p><p>3b. 1 st to 4 th rays of V branched, 4 th ray of V not elongated, only reaching anus or origin of A............................. 5</p><p>4a. TR 5, dorsum from D1 fin base to C base with row of 9 dark spots......................... T. novempunctatus sp. nov.</p><p>4b. TR 6, dorsum from D1 fin base to C base with row of 6 dark spots................................... T. macropodus</p><p>5a. Body with 9–10 orange or reddish vertical bands, with narrow dark saddle on caudal peduncle.................. T. pharus</p><p>5b. Body with 4–8 orange or reddish vertical bands, with broad dark saddle on caudal peduncle.......................... 6</p><p>6a. D2 10–11, LR 26–27; dorsal half of trunk with 5 or more bands........................................ T. eviotops</p><p>6b. D2 9, LR 23; dorsal half of trunk with 4 bands.......................................... T. tetramaculatus sp. nov.</p><p>7a. D2 9–10, dorsum with no dark saddle............................................................... T. nanus</p><p>7b. D2 10–12, dorsum with dark saddles...................................................................... 8</p><p>8a. P 15–19 (usually 20), D2 is crossed by two dark saddles on its base....................................... T. sagma</p><p>8b. P 19–22 (usually 17–18), D2 is crossed by single dark saddles on its base................................. T. offucius</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487FBFF97760D3DD1FC29FA3FA9DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harefa, Tonisman;Chen, I-Shiung	Harefa, Tonisman, Chen, I-Shiung (2025): Two new species of marine goby genus Trimmatom (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Taiwan with comments on a newly recorded species. Zootaxa 5738 (1): 48-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5738.1.10
