identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B6F8059638FFA1B95DFA291E126206.text	03B6F8059638FFA1B95DFA291E126206.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus MacLeay 1819	<div><p>Genus Phanaeus Macleay, 1819</p><p>For a comprehensive list of Phanaeus synonyms, along with complete references to the cited articles, see Moctezuma &amp; Halffter 2021: 5–6.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059638FFA1B95DFA291E126206	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059638FFADB93CF9C2191962FA.text	03B6F8059638FFADB93CF9C2191962FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus chalcomelas (Perty 1830) CEMT	<div><p>Phanaeus chalcomelas species group</p><p>Diagnosis of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group</p><p>Anteromedial margin of clypeus bidentate (Fig. 1A). Head of females with transverse carina, straight (Fig. 1A, D) or weakly trituberculate (in P. chalcomelas [Fig. 19G–H]). Pronotum bearing contrasted black elevations, variously and irregularly shaped and frequently partly anastomosed on disc regions (Fig. 1F), more abundant and anastomosed in females than males. Pronotal disc of major males triangularly flattened in dorsal view (Fig. 1F), with a pair of anterior tubercles (Figs 8D, 16–17). Pronotum of females with three (Fig. 1D) or four (in P. chalcomelas [Fig. 19G–H]) tubercles on anteromedial portion, sometimes poorly distinguishable from the irregular black elevations if not by their regular position. Posteromedial pronotal fossae present or absent (in P. cambeforti). Elytral striae punctate, basally impressed as distinct fossae (Fig. 1H). Front tibiae tridentate, with faint, almost imperceptible fourth tooth. Dorsum dull, colored black, brown, green or blue, sometimes with red areas. Metallic sheen restricted to the following areas: around the eyes, pronotal margins, anterior margins of elytra, ventral portion of femora, hypomeron, and the pair of anteromedial pronotal tubercles in males. Widely distributed in the Amazon and along the Eastern slopes of Andes from Bolivia to Venezuela (Figs 20–21).</p><p>Key to species of the Phanaeus chalcomelas group (modified from Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012)</p><p>1. Anteromedial prominence (“angle”) of metaventrite with regular callosity forming an arrowhead (isosceles triangle without base) pattern (Fig. 2A). Major males with cephalic horn abruptly narrowed basally to mid length (Fig. 16G–H). Pronotum of females with shallow anteromedial concavity surrounded by four tubercles, anterior tubercle large and distinct, the other three smaller (middle posterior tubercle always posterior to lateral ones) and may blend with the black elevations (Fig. 19G–H). Dorsal coloration olive green, olive brown or reddish brown. Ventral color dark green. Length 12–18 mm. Widely distributed in the Amazon (Fig. 21) ........................................................ .................................................................................................. Phanaeus chalcomelas (Perty, 1830)</p><p>– Anteromedial prominence of metaventrite usually without callosities, but if callose then callus not regular and far from arrowhead shaped (Fig. 2B–I). Male cephalic horn either evenly or, if basally enlarged, then gradually narrowing from enlargement to apex (Fig. 16A–F). Pronotum of females with three small tubercles arranged in a triangle, middle tubercle posterior to lateral ones (Fig. 19A– F). Color and distribution variable .................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Pygidium and ventral color, specifically femora and hypomeron, reddish: bright red, bronze red or red with greenish iridescence. Anteromedial prominence of metaventrite narrow and long, without trace of callosities (Fig. 2C, F, I) ...................................................................................................... 3</p><p>– Ventral color not red, usually black, green, or blue. Anteromedial prominence of metaventrite wide, with or without callosities (Fig. 2D, G); distributed in the Amazon Basin. If anteromedial prominence of metaventrite long and narrow, distributed along the eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia ........................................................................................................................................................... 5</p><p>3. Elytra completely matte black, with no other color in the interstriae (Fig. 11A–B, D). Pronotum with bright metallic red, yellow and green coloration between elevations, more visible on the sides (Figs 11A–B, D, 16D, 17D, 19D). Female carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin subarcuate in frontal view, almost straight, without sinuosity in the middle (Fig. 3B). Length 16–21 mm. Bolivia and southern Peru, Yungas Province (Fig. 20) ........................ Phanaeus meleagris Blanchard, 1845</p><p>– Elytra reddish brown, olive brown or olive green, never completely black ..................................... 4</p><p>4. Elytra brown, reddish brown, or olive green in the interstriae (Fig. 12A–B, D). Each puncture of elytral striae within a black macula (Fig. 12A–B, D). Pronotum coppery brown, coppery red or rosé (Figs 12A–B, D, 16E, 17E). Female carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin with sinuosity in the middle (frontal view) (Fig. 3A). Length 16–22.4 mm. Eastern slopes of the Andes from Peru to Venezuela (Fig. 20) ...................................................... Phanaeus minos Erichson, 1847 stat. rev.</p><p>– Pronotum and elytra with uniform color, dark olive green or olive brown, without metallic red reflexes. Punctations of elytral striae without black maculae (Fig. 10A–B). Length 12.3–20 mm. Brazil, southwest of Mato Grosso state (Fig. 20) .......................... Phanaeus mariocupelloi sp. nov.</p><p>5. Dorsal and ventral color similar, weakly lustrous, dark blue or green with faded sheen (Fig. 9). Cephalic horn of major males expanded laterally at the base and gradually narrowed towards the apex (Fig. 16A). Parameres slightly swollen apically (Fig. 13E). Length 19–24 mm. Bolivia and Peru (Fig. 20), Yungas Province .............................................................. Phanaeus lecourti Arnaud, 2000</p><p>– Different dorsal and ventral colors. Dorsum olive green or olive brown, venter dark to bright green. Cephalic horn of major males without lateral expansion at the base, triangularly shaped in front view and tapering from base to apex. Parameres not swollen apically (Fig. 13A, C) .............................. 6</p><p>6. Tip of anteromedial prominence of metaventrite convex (in lateral view), usually with irregular and small calluses or carinulae (Fig. 2D–E). Well-defined posteromedial pronotal fossae with punctures inside (Figs 4B, 8A–B). Carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin of females regularly arched in frontal view (Fig. 3D). Length 15.4–18.5 mm. Brazil, Acre state, Serra do Divisor National Park (Fig. 20) ..................................................................................................... Phanaeus divisor sp. nov.</p><p>– Tip of anteromedial prominence of metaventrite flat (in lateral view) (Fig. 2G–H). Posteromedial fossae of pronotum absent or shallow and unpunctate (Figs 4A, 5A–B). Carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin of females straight in frontal view (Fig. 3C). Length 11–18.7 mm Widely distributed in the Amazon (Fig. 20) ............................. Phanaeus cambeforti Arnaud, 1982</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059638FFADB93CF9C2191962FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059634FFA9B943F88F1DB16397.text	03B6F8059634FFA9B943F88F1DB16397.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus cambeforti Arnaud 1982	<div><p>Phanaeus cambeforti Arnaud, 1982</p><p>Figs 1A, D, 2G–H, 3C, 4A, 5, 13A, 14A, D, G, J, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C</p><p>Phanaeus cambeforti Arnaud, 1982b: 122 .</p><p>Phanaeus cambeforti – Vítolo 2000: 597. — Medina et al. 2001: 140. — Vulinec et al. 2003: 353–354, 356. — Feer &amp; Pincebourde 2005: 23–24, 30. — Monaghan et al. 2007: 9, 17. — Price &amp; May 2009: 215–216, 236. — Carvajal et al. 2011: 320. — Larsen 2011: 99; 2013: 97. — Santos-Heredia et al. 2011: 403. — Noriega 2012: 4. — Korasaki et al. 2012: 427–428. — Feer &amp; Boissier 2015: 169. — Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 197. — Lizardo et al. 2022: 548, 553, 560. — Moctezuma et al. 2024: 5. — Moctezuma 2025: 4.</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) cambeforti – Edmonds 1994: 28, 31. — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194. — Arnaud 2002: 86–87. — Vítolo 2004: 285, 304, 306. — Price 2007: 13–14, 17. — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 47, 50, 65, 74, 92. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 3, 5, 10, 37, 41. — Krajcik 2012: 204. — Figueroa et al. 2014: 127, 131, 134, 136. — Pacheco &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2015: 3, 6, 7. — Boilly et al. 2016: 90, 93, 96. — Chamorro et al. 2018: 98; 2019: 214, 215, 309. — Hielkema &amp; Hielkema 2019: 105–106. — Gillett &amp; Toussaint 2020: 673.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Dorsal color ranging from olive green to reddish brown. Ventral color dark green or black with green sheen (Fig. 5C). Pronotal disc with faint punctation (×40 magnification), absent in some specimens (Fig. 5A–B, D). Posteromedial fossae of pronotum absent or shallow in a few large specimens, mainly in females (Fig. 4A). Pronotum, in frontal view, with the transverse carina just posterior and adjacent to the anterior medial margin appearing straight (Figs 3C, 16C, 19C). Pronotum of males with few black elevations, these rarely anastomosed (Fig. 5A). Width of the pronotal disc in major males rarely exceeds the greatest width of elytra. Tip of anteromedial prominence of the metaventrite flat in lateral view (Fig. 2H). Length 11–18.7 mm. Pygidium mostly brown (Fig. 18C), rarely green. Endophallites: ME in dorsal view, elongate and blade-like, with a broad, rounded basal portion tapering gradually into a narrow, curved apex; left margin slightly concave, right margin nearly straight; left margin with a small fold near basal portion, not very pronounced compared to the other species of the group with a similar structure (Fig. 14D). AE with a straight base, not sharp; right margin (dorsal view) almost straight, with a small tooth-like projection in the middle, more visible in lateral view (Fig. 14G). SRP circular, as long as wide (Fig. 14J).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype FRENCH GUIANA • ♂; “ Saül; Guyane française, IV-1977, M. DURANTON leg.”; MNHN (Arnaud 1982b: 122: fig. 6.</p><p>Paratypes FRENCH GUIANA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (examined from photographs provided in Arnaud 2002: 87).</p><p>Non-type material examined (193 ♂♂, 203 ♀♀)</p><p>BOLIVIA – La Paz • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Iturralde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.72889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.556389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.72889/lat -12.556389)">Rio Nuanu</a>; 12°33′23″ S, 67°43 ′ 44″ W; 21–23 Sep. 2002; W. Aliaga leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 12°33 ′ 9″ S, 67°42 ′ 32″ W; 22– 24 Sep. 2002; MHNNKM . – Pando • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Nicolás Suárez, Rutina; 25 May 2009; O. Terrán et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; Sep. 1998; MHNNKM .</p><p>BRAZIL – Acre • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Bujari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.28528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.428056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.28528/lat -9.428056)">FES Antimary</a>; 09º25 ′ 41″ S, 68º17 ′ 7″ W; 15 Mar. 2017; B.S. Bitencourt leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.90305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.4827776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.90305/lat -7.4827776)">Mâncio Lima</a>; 7°28 ′ 58″ S, 72°54 ′ 11″ W; 5 Dec. 2018; Luiz H.M.B. leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.632225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.416111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.632225/lat -7.416111)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>; 7°24 ′ 58″ S, 73°37 ′ 56″ W; 10–14 Dec. 2019; R.A. Azevedo leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7°26 ′ 46″ S, 73°39 ′ 28″ W; 7–11 Dec. 2019; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 7°26 ′ 46″ S, 73°39 ′ 27″ W; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 7°27 ′ 04″ S, 73°38 ′ 57″ W; 6–14 Dec. 2019; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7°28 ′ 59″ S, 72°54 ′ 11″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Rio Branco, Fazenda Catuaba; Feb. 1997; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61667/lat -10.066667)">Senador Guiomard</a>; 10°04 ′ S, 67°37 ′ W; 14 Apr. 2017; B.S. Bitencourt; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, same data as for preceding; 20 Apr. 2018; CEMT . – Amapá • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Serra do Navio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.881386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.881386/lat 0.885)">Cava Urucum-Amapari</a>; 0°53 ′ 06″ N, 51°52 ′ 53″ W; Dec. 2000; R. Ribon leg.; CEMT. – Amazonas • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.550278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.550278/lat -2.0066667)">Parque Nacional do Jaú</a>; 2°00 ′ 24″ S, 61°33 ′ 1″ W; 10–14 Nov. 2021; R.A. Azevedo leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 26″ S, 61°32 ′ 49″ W; 14–16 Nov. 2021; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 25″ S, 61°32 ′ 55″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 23″ S, 61°32 ′ 01″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 22″ S, 61°32 ′ 03″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 21″ S, 61°32 ′ 06″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 20″ S, 61°33 ′ 10″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 19″ S, 61°33 ′ 13″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2°00 ′ 18″ S, 61°33 ′ 16″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 1°50 ′ 54″ S, 61°34 ′ 01″ W; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 1°50 ′ 35″ S, 61°34 ′ 07″ W; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2°02 ′ 55″ S, 61°32 ′ 52″ W; 13–17 Nov. 2021; CEMT • 1 ♀; Careiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.735832&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1327777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.735832/lat -4.1327777)">BR-319</a>; 4°07 ′ 58″ S, 60°44 ′ 09″ W; 2 Dec. 2015; D. Pires leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°08 ′ 28″ S, 60°43 ′ 57″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°08 ′ 58″ S, 60°43 ′ 44″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°09 ′ 10″ S, 60°43 ′ 08″ W; 3 Dec. 2015; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°09 ′ 28″ S, 60°43 ′ 32″ W; 2 Dec. 2015; CEMT • 1 ♂; Presidente Figueiredo; Oct.–Nov. 1996; E. Anderson leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Silves, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.585278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8458333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.585278/lat -2.8458333)">Fazenda Saracá</a>; 2°50 ′ 45″ S, 58°35 ′ 07″ W; 5–12 May 2019; R.S. Moura leg.; CEMT . – Rondônia • 1 ♂; Cacaulândia, Fazenda Rancho Grande; Nov. 1996; K. Vulinec leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; Feb. 1997; V.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; Feb. 1998; CEMT • 1 ♂; Guajará-Mirim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.753334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.329722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.753334/lat -10.329722)">Sítio Coletti</a>; 10°19 ′ 47″ S, 64°45 ′ 12″ W; elev. 170 m; 28 Jan. 2010; pitfall human dung; F. Coletti leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; carcass; CEMT • 1 ♀; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.54639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.635833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.54639/lat -9.635833)">Abunã</a>; 9°38 ′ 09″ S, 65°32 ′ 47″ W; 13–15 Jan. 2011; J.C.F. Falcão leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.468334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.068889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.468334/lat -8.068889)">ESEC Cuniã</a>; 8°04 ′ 08″ S, 63°28 ′ 06″ W; 11–15 Aug. 2012; M.A.P.A. Silveira leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 8°04 ′ 11″ S, 63°28 ′ 34″ W; elev. 83 m; 10–12 Nov. 2013; CEMT .</p><p>COLOMBIA – Amazonas • 1 ♀; Leticia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.898605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.005833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.898605/lat -4.005833)">Estación Biológica El Zafire</a>; 4°00 ′ 21″ S, 69°53 ′ 55″ W; elev. 150 m; 2–4 Dec. 2007; L. Franco and S. Flórez; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E. – Caquetá • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.450134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.07416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.450134/lat 0.07416667)">Puerto Abeja</a>; 0°04 ′ 27″ N, 72°27 ′ 0.5″ W; elev. 200 m; Jul. 1999; M. Álvares and G. Mejía; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; Puerto Solano, PNN Serrania de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.630554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.33333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.630554/lat 0.33333334)">Río Cunãre</a>; 0°20 ′ N, 72°37 ′ 50″ W; elev. 250 m; 2–4 Nov. 2000; M. Ospina and E. González leg.; flight interception trap; UPTC-CE • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°31 ′ 44″ N, 72°37 ′ 50″ W; 22–24 Nov. 2000; UPTC-CE • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°30 ′ N, 72°37 ′ 50″ W; 2–4 Nov. 2000; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°32 ′ 4″ N, 72°37 ′ 57.5″ W; 19–21 Nov. 2000; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 15 Nov. 2000; flight interception trap; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.415306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.20958334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.415306/lat 0.20958334)">Río Cuñare - Amú</a>; 0°12 ′ 34.5″ N, 72°24 ′ 55.1″ W; elev. 250 m; 14 Feb. 2001; E. González and M. Ospina leg.; flight interception trap; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 15–17 Feb. 2001; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 0°12 ′ 42.8″ N, 72°25 ′ 3.2″ W; 21 Feb. 2001; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 0°12 ′ 47.8″ N, 72°25 ′ 25.4″ W; 1–3 Mar. 2001; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 0°13 ′ 3.4″ N, 72°25 ′ 22.7″ W; 7–9 Mar. 2001; IAvH-E • 2 ♀♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.92333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.26055557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.92333/lat 0.26055557)">Río Mesay</a>; 0°15 ′ 38″ N, 72°55 ′ 24″ W; elev. 250 m; 24 Jan. 2000; F. Quevedo leg.; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 0°14 ′ 24″ N, 72°56 ′ 2″ W; 25 Jan. 2000; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 0°14 ′ 54″ N, 72°56 ′ 5″ W; 28 Jan. 2000; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 0°14 ′ 32″ N, 72°56 ′ 15″ W; 4 Feb. 2000; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.62334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.17972222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.62334/lat 0.17972222)">Río Sararamano</a>; 0°10 ′ 47″ N, 72°37 ′ 24″ W; elev. 250 m; 4 Apr. 2000; E. González leg.; flight interception trap; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 0°09 ′ 26″ N, 72°37 ′ 45″ W; 11 Apr. 2000; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 0°08 ′ 26″ N, 72°37 ′ 45″ W; 11 Nov. 2000; flight interception trap; UPTC-CE. – Cundinamarca • 1 ♀; Medina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5833335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.38333/lat 4.5833335)">alto del Río Gazaunta</a>; 4°35 ′ N, 73°23 ′ W; elev. 550 m; Mar. 1997; F. Escobar leg.; pitfall trap; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; IAvH-E • 4 ♀♀; Medina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45472/lat 4.5925)">Miralindo</a>; 4°35 ′ 33″ N, 73°27 ′ 17″ W; elev. 550 m; Feb.–Mar. 1997; F. Escobar leg.; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E. – Guaviare • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.18166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.1672223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.18166/lat 2.1672223)">Cerro Cocuy and Cerro Moyano</a>; 2°10 ′ 02″ N, 71°10 ′ 54″ W; elev. 200 m; 30–31 Jan. 1996; F. Escobar leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; IAvH-E • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2°10 ′ 35″ N, 71°15 ′ 58″ W; elev. 300 m; Feb. 1996; IAvH-E. – Meta • 1 ♀; Villavicencio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.66583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.143889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.66583/lat 4.143889)">El Carmen</a>; 4°08 ′ 38″ N, 73°39 ′ 57″ W; elev. 748 m; 23 Apr. 2019; D.C. Martínez leg.; carcass; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Villavicencio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.63333/lat -4.15)">Bosque Bavaria</a>; 4°09 ′ S, 73°38 ′ W; elev. 550 m; J. Noriega leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; Villavicencio; 29 Feb.–5 Mar. 1972; S. Peck and J. Peck leg.; TAMU • 1 ♀; 30 km Villavicencio; 1–4 Mar. 1972; S. Peck and J. Peck leg.; dung; TAMU • 1 ♀; 16 km of Villavicencio; 2–4 Mar. 1972; S. Peck leg.; dung; TAMU • 1 ♀; 500 m of Villavicencio; 29 Feb.–5 Mar. 1972; Peck and J. Peck leg.; bait traps; TAMU. – Putumayo • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.98861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.072222225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.98861/lat -0.072222225)">Puerto Leguizamo</a>; 00°04 ′ 20″ S, 74°59 ′ 19″ W; 17 Feb. 2008; L. Jiménez leg.; CCBUMAG .</p><p>ECUADOR – Orellana • 1 ♀; Francisco de Orellana; 4 May 2000; A. Dávalos leg.; pitfall carcass; CEMT . – Napo • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Estación Científica Yasuni Puce, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.4/lat -0.6666667)">Río Tiputini</a>; 0°40 ′ S, 76°24 ′ W; Jul. 1999; A. Trischechkin leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT . – Zamora-Chinchipe • 120 ♂♂, 88 ♀♀; Padmi, Estación Experimental El Padmi UNL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.61917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7327778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.61917/lat -3.7327778)">BN Ladera</a>; 3°43 ′ 58″ S, 78°37 ′ 09″ W; elev. 897–970 m; Dec. 2021 – Jan. 2022; J. Jiménez leg.; pitfall human dung; LOUNAZ • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; CEMT .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA – Cayenne • 1 ♀; Régina, Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Nouragues; 1996; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 10 Apr. 1997; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 31 Mar. 2002; F. Feer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 21 Mar. 2003; CEMT. – Saint- Laurent-du-Maroni • 1 ♀; Bas Maroni; TAMU .</p><p>PERU – Junín • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Satipo, Río Venado; elev. 1137 m; May 2005; A. Santibáñez leg.; TAMU . – Lima • 1 ♀; 11 Oct. 1970 (data error); CEMT . – Loreto • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.6775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.098611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.6775/lat -2.098611)">Río Pucacuro</a>; 2°05 ′ 55″ S, 75°40 ′ 39″ W; elev. 208 m; 26 Nov. 2007; C. Moreno leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT . – Madre de Dios • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.10944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.551945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.10944/lat -12.551945)">CICRA Field Station</a>, 12°33 ′ 07″ S, 70°06 ′ 34″ W; elev. 295 m; 7–9 Jun. 2011; Chaboo team leg.; flight interception trap; MUSM • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Pantiacolla Lodge, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.257774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.652778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.257774/lat -12.652778)">Alto Madre de Dios River</a>; 12°39 ′ 10″ S, 71°15 ′ 28″ W; elev. 500 m; 23–26 Oct. 2000; R. Brooks leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; PNN Manu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.24333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.646667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.24333/lat -12.646667)">Estación Biológica Pantiacolla</a>; 12°38 ′ 48″ S, 71°14 ′ 36″ W; 2010; S. Pérez leg.; UPTC-CE . – San Martín • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Juanjuí; 7 Aug. 2005; P. Melendes leg.; TAMU . – Ucayali • 1 ♀; Padre Abad, Boquerón del Padre Abad; elev. 500–550 m; 16 Sep. 1962; J. Schunke L. leg.; carcass; TAMU .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>French Guiana, Saül.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Widely distributed in the Amazon, from the slopes of the Colombian Andes southwards to Bolivia and northeast wards all the way to French Guiana (Fig. 20) between 80 to 438 m a.s.l.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion</p><p>The smallest species within the P. chalcomelas species group, specifically the males. Major males are very rare and seem never to show strongly developed secondary sex characteristics as males of the other species in the group. We observed that the width of the pronotal disc in males exceeded the width of the elytra only in a population collected in Ecuador (Estación Experimental El Padmi Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja) (Fig. 5D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059634FFA9B943F88F1DB16397	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059632FFB2B938FE861F616783.text	03B6F8059632FFB2B938FE861F616783.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus chalcomelas (Perty 1830) CEMT	<div><p>Phanaeus chalcomelas (Perty, 1830)</p><p>Figs 1F, 2A, 6–7, 16G–H, 17G–H, 18G–H, 19G–H, 28A</p><p>Onitis chalcomelas Perty, 1830: 40 .</p><p>Phanaeus chalcomelas – Harold 1859: 198; 1869: 1017. — Nevinson 1892: 2. — Gillet 1911b: 82. — d’Olsoufieff 1924: 40, 98, 135, 152. — Blackwelder 1944: 209. — Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1967: 574. — Edmonds 1972: 832. — Vítolo 2000: 597–598. — Medina et al. 2001: 140. — Vulinec et al. 2003: 353–354. — Feer &amp; Pincebourde 2005: 23–24, 30. — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2006: 6, 17. — Cabral-de-Mello et al. 2008: 1244, 1247, 1249. — Price &amp; May 2009: 215–216, 236. — Larsen 2011: 99; 2013: 97. — Korasaki et al. 2012: 427–428. — Noriega 2012: 4. — Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 445, 451. — Feer &amp; Boissier 2015: 169. — Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 197. — Lozano de la Rosa et al. 2024: 223. — Lizardo et al. 2022: 548, 553, 557, 560. — Moctezuma et al. 2024: 5. — Moctezuma 2025: 4.</p><p>Phanaeus (Phanaeus) chalcomelas – Pessôa 1934: 305, 312.</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) chalcomelas – Edmonds 1994: 27–28, 100. — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194. — Arnaud 2001: 5; 2002: 84–85. — Vítolo 2004: 285, 305–306. — Price 2007: 2–3, 13–14; 2009: 139, 143–144, 146. — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 50, 65, 74, 92. — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011: 84, 89, 96, 99. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 3, 5, 10–11, 37, 39. — Krajcik 2012: 204. — Figueroa et al. 2014: 127, 131, 134. — Pacheco &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2015: 3, 6–7. — Boilly et al. 2016: 90, 93, 96. — Chamorro et al. 2018: 98; 2019: 215–216, 309. — Hielkema &amp; Hielkema 2019: 106. — Gillett &amp; Toussaint 2020: 671, 673, 676.</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) chalcomelas grossii – Arnaud 2001: 5–6; 2002: 84–85. — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 65. — Krajcik 2012: 204. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 4–5, 8, 11 (as synonym of P. chalcomelas).</p><p>Onitis chalcomelas – Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 445 (as basionym of P. chalcomelas). — Cupello et al. 2022: 981 (as basionym of P. chalcomelas). — Lozano de la Rosa et al. 2024: 223 (as basionym of P. chalcomelas).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Dorsum olive green, olive brown or reddish brown (Fig. 6). Ventral color dark green. Anteromedial prominence of metaventrite with regular callosity forming arrowhead pattern (Fig. 2A). Major males with cephalic horn abruptly narrowed basally to mid length (Fig. 16G–H). Pronotum of females with a shallow anteromedial concavity surrounded by four tubercles, anterior tubercle large and distinct, the other three smaller (middle posterior tubercle always posterior to lateral ones) and may blend with the black elevations (Figs 6B, D, 19G–H). Aedeagus: parameres gradually narrowing apically, exhibiting a conical shape (Fig. 7A). Phallobase without sulcus or incisions (Fig. 7B). Endophallus with six endophallites (Fig. 7C–E). Endophallites: A+SA joined by a basal membrane (Fig. 7C–E). Axial endophallite V-shaped, with one branch apically expanded and rounded, and the other narrow and unexpanded; subaxial endophallite broad. FLP narrow and curved, like an arch (Fig. 7C). AE with sharp base and straight apical margin (Fig. 7H). SRP vertically elongated, much larger than other species of P. chalcomelas group (Fig. 7I). ME bears three main projections, roughly resembling a Y-shape with asymmetrical and smoothly angled arms (dorsal view); small, slightly more than half a millimeter (Fig. 7F–G).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype of Phanaeus chalcomelas (studied from photographs) BRAZIL • ♀; Perty, 1830: 40; ZSM. The Amazon rainforest, somewhere visited by Spix and Martius along the Amazon River, the Japura, the lower Madeira, or the Rio Negro (see Papavero 1971 for a map with these places indicated) (see discussion below)</p><p>Paratypes of Phanaeus chalcomelas grossii</p><p>BOLIVIA – Chapare • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; (examined from photographs provided in Arnaud 2002: 84). – Cochabamba • 1 ♂; “ 67.5 km E. Villa Tunari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.7825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.105278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.7825/lat -17.105278)">Est. Biol. Valle Sajta, Univ. San Simon</a> 300 m, 17°06 ′ 19″ S 64°46 ′ 57″ W; 7–9.II.1999, F. Génier, lowland rain for., ex. dung tp. 3, 99-045”; MHNNKM .</p><p>Non-type material examined (447 ♂♂, 568 ♀♀)</p><p>BOLIVIA – Cochabamba • 1 ♂; PN Carrasco, Río Sajta; Feb. 1993; L. Peña leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; Feb. 1994; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; PN Carrasco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.7825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.105278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.7825/lat -17.105278)">Valle Sajta</a>; 17°06 ′ 19″ S, 64°46 ′ 57″ W; elev. 300 m; 9–13 Feb. 1994; F. Genier leg.; MHNNKM • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Palmar; 26 Dec. 2009; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Chapare, Villa Tunari; 26–29 Oct. 2004; J. Ledezma and I. García leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; Feb. 1984; P. Arnaud leg.; CEMT . – La Paz • 21 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Iturralde, Río Nuanu; 21–23 Sep. 2002; W. Aliaga leg.; MHNNKM . – Santa Cruz • 1 ♂; Andrés Ibáñez, Espejillos; 27 Apr. 2007; M. Amaya leg.; MHNNKM • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Andrés Ibáñez, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.05/lat -17.766666)">Jardín Botánico</a>; 17°46 ′ S, 63°03 ′ W; elev. 398 m; 30 Apr. 2006; T. Vidaurre et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 14 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 16–19 Jul. 2006; MHNNKM • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Santa Cruz de la Sierra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.658337&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.764166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.658337/lat -17.764166)">Jardín Botánico</a>; 17°45 ′ 51″ S, 63°39 ′ 30″ W; 10 Nov. 2006; Scarabnet exped. leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 17°47 ′ 02″ S, 63°03 ′ 47″ W; elev. 400 m; 7–8 Nov. 2006; W.D. Edmonds leg.; pitfall human dung; TAMU • 2 ♀♀; Caballero, Karawasi; 22 Nov. 1998; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 4–6 km SSE of Buena Vista, F&amp;F Hotel; elev. 420–450 m; 2–12 Feb. 2000; J.E. Wappes leg.; pitfall dung/carrion; TAMU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Ichilo, Buena Vista; elev. 400 m; F. Steinbach leg.; TAMU • 10 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Ichilo, Buena Vista; 12–13 Feb. 2010; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2–9 Nov. 2004; P.H. Sullivan leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2–12 Feb. 2000; J.E. Wappes leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2–13 Feb. 2000; M.C. Thomas leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 23–25 Apr. 1997; S. Amezquita leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 27–30 Nov. 1997; S. Amezquita leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ichilo, Campamento Mataracú; 11–17 Oct. 1997; MHNNKM • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; Oct. 1997; RAP-97 exped. leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 17–20 Sep. 1997; S. Aysama leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 3 Mar. 1997; J. Ledezma leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; Ichilo, Caranda; 6–7 Nov. 2004; F. Aguanta leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ichilo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.183334/lat -17.016666)">Chore</a>; 17°01 ′ S, 64°11 ′ W; elev. 253 m; 9–10 May 1997; F. Copa leg.; MHNNKM • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Ichilo, Yapacani (BEEM); 8–12 Aug. 2006; I. García et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; Ñuflo de Chavez, San Javier; 29 Nov. 1995; I. García leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂; San Ignacio de Velasco, Las Gamas; 24–27 Feb. 1997; I. García leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 21 Nov. 1997; MHNNKM • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; San Ignacio de Velasco, Los Fierros; 25 Jan. 1997; S. Spector et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; San Ignacio de Velasco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.166668/lat -14.8)">RPPN Caparú</a>, 14°48 ′ S, 61°10 ′ W; elev. 150 m; 13 Dec. 2005; C. Hamel leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; San Ignacio de Velasco, RPPN Caparú, Lagunitas; 20 Feb. 2007; A. Alcoba and M. Saldias leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11 Jan. 2008; R. Palomino leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 16 Mar. 2008; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; San Ignacio de Velasco, San Miguel; 26 Jan. 2009; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.814167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.9163885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.814167/lat -13.9163885)">P.N. Noel Kempf Mercado</a>; 13°54 ′ 59″ S, 60°48 ′ 51″ W; elev. 500 m; 17–20 Nov. 1999; S. Spector and A. Ayzama leg.; CEMT .</p><p>BRAZIL – Acre • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.64916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.451111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.64916/lat -7.451111)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>; 7°27 ′ 4″ S, 73°38 ′ 57″ W; 6–8 Dec. 2019; R.A. Azevedo leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2–14 Dec. 2019; flight interception trap; CEMT • 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 7°24 ′ 58″ S, 73°37 ′ 56″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7°26 ′ 46″ S, 73°39 ′ 27″ W; 7–9 Dec. 2019; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 5 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 7°24 ′ 59″ S, 73°37 ′ 56″ W; 6–8 Dec. 2019; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; Manoel Urbano, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.92222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.373889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.92222/lat -9.373889)">Parque Estadual Chandless</a>; 9°22 ′ 26″ S, 69°55 ′ 20″ W; 11 Jul. 2013; T.F. Brito leg.; CEMT • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Rio Branco, Fazenda Catuaba; Feb. 1997; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61667/lat -10.066667)">Senador Guiomard</a>; 10°04 ′ S, 67°37 ′ W; 14–20 Apr. 2017; B.S. Bitencourt leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; Senador Guiomard, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.60389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.074166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.60389/lat -10.074166)">Reserva Catuaba</a>; 10°4 ′ 27″ S, 67°36 ′ 14″ W; 16–21 Jul. 2019; Casagrande leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Xapuri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.7/lat -10.233334)">Reserva Chico Mendes</a>; 10°14 ′ S, 68°42 ′ W; 19 Oct. 2008; J. Silveira leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 10°15 ′ S, 68°42 ′ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 10°31 ′ S, 68°42 ′ W; CEMT . – Amapá • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Serra do Navio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.881386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.881386/lat 0.885)">Cava Urucum - Amapari</a>; 0°53 ′ 6″ N, 51°52 ′ 53″ W; Sep. 2000; R. Ribon leg.; CEMT. – Amazonas • 1 ♂; Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari; Jan. 1961.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Benjamin Constant, Guanabara II; 10 Mar. 2004; P.H. Silva leg.; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; Borba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.93611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.4008336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.93611/lat -4.4008336)">BR–319, km 220</a>; 4°24 ′ 3″ S, 60°56 ′ 10″ W; 29 Dec. 2015; D. Pires leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4°24 ′ 6″ S, 60°55 ′ 22″ W; 30 Dec. 2015; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°22 ′ 55″ S, 60°57 ′ 19″ W; 29 Dec. 2015; CEMT • 1 ♂; Carauari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.711105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.768333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.711105/lat -5.768333)">Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Uacari</a>; 5°46 ′ 06″ S, 67°42 ′ 40″ W; Jul. 2009; Nicols et al. leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Careiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.725277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1358333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.725277/lat -4.1358333)">BR–319</a>; 4°8 ′ 9″ S, 60°43 ′ 31″ W; 3 Dec. 2015; D. Pires leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 4°7 ′ 39″ S, 60°43 ′ 43″ W; CEMT • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 4°8 ′ 40″ S, 60°43 ′ 20″ W; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 4°7 ′ 58″ S, 60°43 ′ 9″ W; 2 Dec. 2015; CEMT • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 4°8 ′ 58″ S, 60°43 ′ 44″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 3°21 ′ 46″ S, 59°51 ′ 10″ W; 9 Dec. 2015; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 4°8 ′ 28″ S, 60°43 ′ 57″ W; 2 Dec. 2015; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°9 ′ 28″ S, 60°43 ′ 32″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Coari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.452778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.2163887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.452778/lat -4.2163887)">Lago Uauaçu</a>; 4°12 ′ 59″ S, 62°27 ′ 10″ W; elev. 66 m; Jan.–Sep. 2018; J.B.R. Alencar leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°13 ′ 7″ S, 62°27 ′ 9″ W; elev. 63 m; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°15 ′ 45″ S, 62°16 ′ 2″ W; elev. 55 m; 29 Oct. 2018; CEMT • 1 ♀; Itapiranga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.673058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6655557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.673058/lat -2.6655557)">Fazenda Itapiranga</a>; 2°39 ′ 56″ S, 58°40 ′ 23″ W; 3 May 2019; R.S. Moura leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke; 18 Jul. 1978; B.C. Ratcliffe leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 25 Oct.–22 Nov. 1977; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 8 Nov. 1978; CEMT • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Manicoré, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.39889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.909167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.39889/lat -5.909167)">Reserva Extrativista Lago Capanã Grande, BR 319, km 45</a>; 5°54 ′ 33″ S, 62°23 ′ 56″ W; 30 Oct.–1 Nov. 2019; R.A. Azevedo leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 5°1 ′ 5″ S, 62°29 ′ 25″ W; 31 Oct.–2 Nov. 2019; CEMT • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 5°58 ′ 24″ S, 62°27 ′ 38″ W; CEMT • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 5°54 ′ 33″ S, 62°23 ′ 56″ W; 22–26 Oct. 2019; flight interception trap; CEMT • 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 26–30 Oct. 2019; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 5°58 ′ 24″ S, 62°27 ′ 38″ W; 23–27 Oct. 2019; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 6°1 ′ 5″ S, 62°29 ′ 25″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 27–31 Oct. 2019; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 31 Oct.– 4 Nov. 2019; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Manicoré, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.839443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.215555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.839443/lat -5.215555)">BR 319, km 350</a>; 5°12 ′ 56″ S, 61°50 ′ 22″ W; 30 Jul.–2 Aug. 2007; H. Gasca leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Presidente Figueiredo; Nov. 1997; E. Andresen leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; Oct.–Nov. 1996; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; Alouatta dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.90278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8980553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.90278/lat -2.8980553)">Silves</a>; 2°53 ′ 53″ S, 58°54 ′ 10″ W; 4–11 May 2019; R.S. Moura leg.; CEMT . – Mato Grosso • 2 ♂♂; Alta Floresta; May 2008; E. Berenguer leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°56 ′ 52″ S, 56°3 ′ 2″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°41 ′ 24″ S, 55°56 ′ 28″ W; Jun. 2008; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°58 ′ 46″ S, 56°5 ′ 31″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°52 ′ 53″ S, 56°6 ′ 13″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°53 ′ 40″ S, 56°16 ′ 34″ W; CEMT • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49 ′ 44″ S, 56°19 ′ 51″ W; CEMT • 4 ♀♀; Alta Floresta, Ceplac; 24 May 2009; V. Gonçalves leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Alta Floresta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.894447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.597222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.894447/lat -9.597222)">Parque Estadual do Cristalino</a>; 9°35 ′ 50″ S, 55°53 ′ 40″ W; 11–15 Nov. 2019; R.A. Azevedo leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°40 ′ 59″ S, 55°54 ′ 58″ W; 12–16 Nov. 2019; CEMT • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 20–24 Nov. 2019; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 16–20 Nov. 2019; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 9°35 ′ 50″ S, 55°53 ′ 40″ W; 15–17 Nov. 2019; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°32 ′ 45″ S, 55°54 ′ 56″ W; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°40 ′ 59″ S, 55°53 ′ 40″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Araputanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.413334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.390555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.413334/lat -15.390555)">Fazenda Bandeirantes</a>; 15°23 ′ 26″ S, 58°24 ′ 48″ W; elev. 296 m; 18–20 Jan. 2013; R.J Silva leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 15°23 ′ 6″ S, 58°26 ′ 2″ W; elev. 308 m; 19–21 Jan. 2013; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 15°23 ′ 4″ S, 58°26 ′ W; elev. 296 m; 21–23 Jan. 2013; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Aripuanã, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.573887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.202499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.573887/lat -10.202499)">Fazenda Águas Claras</a>; 10°12 ′ 9″ S, 52°34 ′ 26″ W; elev. 275 m; 9–11 Oct. 2018; R.J Silva leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♀; Aripuanã, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.51139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.072778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.51139/lat -10.072778)">Serra do Expedito</a>; 10°4 ′ 22″ S, 59°30 ′ 41″ W; 25 Jan. 2017; T. Semedo leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Brasnorte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.108055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.458333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.108055/lat -12.458333)">Fazenda Estrela do Sul</a>; 12°27 ′ 30″ S, 58°6 ′ 29″ W; elev. 336 m; 30 Jan.–1 Feb. 2018; U.F. Santos leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.881943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.043612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.881943/lat -13.043612)">Fazenda Agriter</a>; 13°2 ′ 37″ S, 57°52 ′ 55″ W; elev. 434 m; CEMT • 1 ♀; Carlinda; 13 May 2008; C.R. Menezes leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Carlinda; 14 Oct. 2008; I.B. Banheza leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Carlinda; 15 Oct. 2008; B.R. Krause leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Carlinda; 16 Oct. 2008; I.B. Banheza leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; L.A. Aguiar leg.; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Carlinda; 21–23 Oct. 2008; K. Segatto et al. leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Carlinda; 12 Oct. 2009; J.S. Costa leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Claudia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.428056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.315/lat -11.428056)">Fazenda Continental</a>; 11°25 ′ 41″ S, 55°18 ′ 54″ W; 20 Oct. 2011; M.F. Souza leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; Cotriguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.252777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.252777/lat -9.84)">Fazenda São Nicolau</a>; 9°50 ′ 24″ S, 58°15 ′ 10″ W; elev. 250 m; 5 Oct. 2009; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 7 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 8–12 Oct. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51 ′ 18″ S, 58°13 ′ 20″ W; elev. 200 m; Oct. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50 ′ 19″ S, 58°15 ′ 3″ W; 8 Oct. 2009; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; pitfall cow dung; CEMT • 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51 ′ 36″ S, 58°12 ′ 53″ W; Oct. 2009; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50 ′ 53″ S, 58°14 ′ 36″ W; 11 Dec. 2009; CEMT • 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 9°50 ′ 24″ S, 58°15 ′ 10″ W; elev. 250 m; 13 Dec. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50 ′ 19″ S, 58°15′3″ W; Dec. 2009; horse dung; CEMT • 6 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11–13 Dec. 2009; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′9″ S, 58°15′47″ W; 8–10 Dec. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′36″ S, 58°12′53″ W; 11–13 Dec. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′9″ S, 58°15′30″ W; 24–31 Oct. 2014; M. Karam-Gemael leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′19″ S, 58°15′15″ W; 30 Oct. 2017; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; matinha do Fernando; flight interception trap; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 3 Nov. 2017; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′17″ S, 58°15′32″ W; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.25889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.821389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.25889/lat -9.821389)">PPBio 1</a>; 1–3 Nov. 2017; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°52′31″ S, 58°16′21″ W; 2 Nov. 2017; R. Stofel leg.; trail of garrote; CEMT • 8 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′ S, 58°14′ W; 4–6 Nov. 2017; J.P. Santos leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′15″ S, 58°15′14″ W; 23–29 Oct. 2018; V. Costa-Silva leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′05″ S, 58°16′04″ W; 18–20 Oct. 2021; J. Mariano et al. leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′07″ S, 58°16′ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′10″ S, 58°16′ W; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′47″ S, 58°14′09″ W; 19–21 Oct. 2021; CEMT • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′49″ S, 58°14′04″ W; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°52′08″ S, 58°15′19″ W; CEMT • 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′25″ S, 58°15′16″ W; 27–29 Oct. 2021; CEMT • 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′ S, 58°15′ W; 28–30 Oct. 2021; CEMT • 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′12″ S, 58°15′30″ W; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′47″ S, 58°16′19″ W; 1–3 Nov. 2021; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′47″ S, 58°16′21″ W; CEMT • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′47″ S, 58°16′22″ W; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 9°49′47″ S, 58°16′24″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′47″ S, 58°16′26″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′10″ S, 58°15′49″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′11″ S, 58°15′50″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′43″ S, 58°13′10″ W; 2–4 Nov. 2021; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°51′42″ S, 58°13′11″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′26″ S, 58°14′24″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°51′32″ S, 58°14′23″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°51′31″ S, 58°14′23″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′28″ S, 58°14′23″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′43″ S, 58°16′30″ W; 3–5 Nov. 2021; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′43″ S, 58°16′32″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′43″ S, 58°16′34″ W; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′43″ S, 58°16′35″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, same data as for preceding; 9°49′44″ S, 58°16′29″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′26″ S, 58°15′49″ W; 4–6 Nov. 2021; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′48″ S, 58°16′11″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′49″ S, 58°16′09″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, same data as for preceding; 9°49′50″ S, 58°16′06″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′53″ S, 58°15′19″ W; CEMT • 7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′54″ S, 58°15′21″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′55″ S, 58°15′21″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′56″ S, 58°15′22″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′58″ S, 58°15′23″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′55″ S, 58°14′10″ W; 5–7 Nov. 2021; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′56″ S, 58°14′08″ W; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′01″ S, 58°14′10″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′02″ S, 58°14′07″ W; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 9°51′03″ S, 58°14′06″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′25″ S, 58°16′17″ W; CEMT • 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′26″ S, 58°16′38″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′27″ S, 58°16′38″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°49′27″ S, 58°16′14″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°49′29″ S, 58°16′39″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′30″ S, 58°16′12″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′30″ S, 58°16′39″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°49′32″ S, 58°16′39″ W; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′56″ S, 58°14′06″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°50′57″ S, 58°14′05″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′02″ S, 58°14′09″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′08″ S, 58°16′20″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′09″ S, 58°16′21″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′11″ S, 58°16′22″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′43″ S, 58°15′50″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°51′48″ S, 58°15′50″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; Diamantino; Feb. 2003; E. Furtado leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Diamantino; 16 Mar. 2018; L.G. Nunes and E. Carvalho leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 13°48′07″ S, 56°41′32″ W; 17 Mar. 2018; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 13°48′02″ S, 56°41′08″ W; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.692223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.814167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.692223/lat -13.814167)">Semidouro</a>; 13°48′51″ S, 56°41′32″ W; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Indiavaí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.553333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.553333/lat -15.455)">Faz. Alto Jaurú</a>; 15°27′18″ S, 58°33′12″ W; elev. 231 m; 14–16 Jan. 2013; R.J. Silva leg.; pitfall human and pig dung; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Juína, Fazenda Quiles; 29 Nov. 2013; R.J. Silva leg.; carcass; CEMT • 1 ♂; Nova Maringá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.079166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.250556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.079166/lat -13.250556)">Faz. Nova Fronteira</a>; 13°15′02″ S, 57°04′45″ W; elev. 356 m; 19–21 Dec. 2017; U.F. Santos leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Novo Mundo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.795277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.466944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.795277/lat -9.466944)">Parque Estadual do Cristalino</a>; 9°28′01″ S, 55°47′43″ W; May 2013; V. Magalhães leg.; pitfall; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°28′06″ S, 55°50′36″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°28′09″ S, 55°48′15″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°27′6″ S, 55°50′02″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.003887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.237778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.003887/lat -9.237778)">Paranaíta</a>; 9°14′16″ S, 57°0′14″ W; Dec. 2015; M.A.L. Bragança leg.; pitfall; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°15′39″ S, 56°48′50″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; 9°15′56″ S, 56°58′45″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°15′40″ S, 56°48′46″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; Paranaíta, Rio Teles Pires; 24 Oct. 2009; H.A.B. Faria leg.; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.678333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.886111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.678333/lat -13.886111)">São José do Rio Claro</a>; 13°53′10″ S, 56°40′42″ W; 30 Jun. 2018; L.G. Nunes and E. Carvalho leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; Tangará da Serra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.371667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.49/lat -14.371667)">Fazenda Curitiba</a>; 14°22′18″ S, 57°29′24″ W; elev. 343 m; 31 Mar. 2012; R.J. Silva leg.; pitfall cow dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Tangará da Serra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.756668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.756668/lat -14.566667)">Fazenda Rosa Branca</a>; 14°34′ S, 57°45′24″ W; elev. 468 m; 18–27 Feb. 2011; R.J. Silva leg.; pitfall human and pig dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Tangará da Serra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.90389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.705" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.90389/lat -14.705)">Fazenda Netolândia</a>; 14°42′18″ S, 57°54′14″ W; elev. 310 m; 14–21 Dec. 2012; R.J. Silva leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 14°41′05″ S, 57°54′08″ W; elev. 263 m; 25–27 Mar. 2012; pitfall cow dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 14°39′56″ S, 57°54′08″ W; elev. 304 m; 20–22 Mar. 2012; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 14°39′54″ S, 57°55′05″ W; elev. 330 m; 12–14 Mar. 2012; pitfall human and pig dung; CEMT. – Pará • 1 ♂; Almeirim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.733334/lat -1.0166667)">Monte Dourado</a>, 1°1′ S, 52°44′ W; elev. 150 m; Jul. 2004; T.A. Gardner leg.; pitfall dung; CEMT • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Monte Dourado, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.583332/lat -0.6333333)">Pacanari</a>; 0°38′ S, 52°35′ W; Mar. 2006; Gardner and Hernandez leg.; dung trap; TAMU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cachimbo; Oct. 1995; Pe. Pereira leg.; TAMU • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 9°12′21″ S, 56°57′34″ W; Dec. 2015; M.A.L. Bragança leg.; pitfall; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°12′35″ S, 56°57′39″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; Jacareacanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.77833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.263333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.77833/lat -9.263333)">Rio Teles Pires</a>; 9°15′48″ S, 56°46′42″ W; 9 Jun. 2009; M.F. Souza and M. Uehara-Prado leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°19′3″ S, 56°46′41″ W; 8 Jun. 2009; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Novo Progresso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.39389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.1475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.39389/lat -7.1475)">Fazenda Florentino</a>; 7°8′51″ S, 55°23′38″ W; Jan. 2011; T.D. Pelissari leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7°6′54″ S, 55°24′23″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 7°6′21″ S, 55°25′13″ W; Mar. 2011; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7°54′19″ S, 55°29′59″ W; 2 Jan. 2011; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7°53′18″ S, 55°30′26″ W; 12 Jan. 2011; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Redenção, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.266666/lat -7.8333335)">Fazenda Marajoara</a>; 7°50′ S, 50°16′ W; Oct. 1998; P.Y. Scheffer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Redenção, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.7666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.966667/lat -7.7666664)">Pinkaiti - Aik</a>; 7°46′ S, 51°58′ W; Oct. 1999; P.Y. Scheffer leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Santarém, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.7666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.666668/lat -2.7666667)">Reserva Tapajós</a>; 2°46′ S, 55°40′ W; 25 Dec. 2008; R. Andrade leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Tailândia, Empresa Agropalma; 9–15 Jul. 2016; F. Silva leg.; CEMT . – Rondônia • 1 ♂; Alto Paraíso; Jul. 2002; E. Furtado leg.; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 12–17 Aug. 2002; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; Sep. 2002; CEMT • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; W. Furtado leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; Oct. 2002; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; Nov. 2002; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 13–23 Apr. 2013; E. Furtado leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 62 km SW of Ariquemes, Fazenda Rancho Grande; 18–29 Sep. 1996; D.G. Marqua leg.; TAMU • 1 ♀; 60 km SW of Ariquemes, Fazenda Rancho Grande; Feb. 1997; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Cacaulândia, Fazenda Rancho Grande; Feb. 1997; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello leg.; CEMT • 1 ♀; Guajará-Mirim, Fazenda Agropecuária AJB; elev. 180 m; 15 Jan. 2010; F. Coletti leg.; carcass; CEMT • 1 ♂; Guajará-Mirim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.74638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.371111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.74638/lat -10.371111)">Aristeu</a>; 10°22′16″ S, 64°44′47″ W; elev. 220 m; 27 Jan. 2010; F. Coletti leg.; carcass; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7491665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.316666/lat -10.7491665)">Fandinho</a>; 10°44′57″ S, 64°19′ W; elev. 138 m; 24 Aug. 2010; cow dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; Itapuã do Oeste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.109444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.192778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.109444/lat -9.192778)">FloNa Jamari</a>; 9°11′34″ S, 63°06′34″ W; 20 Feb. 2013; J.F. Cerveira leg.; Mazama americana dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°11′33″ S, 63°06′47″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°11′29″ S, 63°06′48″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°11′27″ S, 63°06′36″ W; Mazama gouazoubira dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°11′32″ S, 63°06′35″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°05′39″ S, 63°08′55″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 9°11′24″ S, 63°06′50″ W; Mazama nemorivaga dung; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.472168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.717558" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.472168/lat -11.717558)">Pimenta Bueno</a>; 11°43′3.21″ S, 61°28′19.8″ W; 27–29 Jul. 2015; elev. 249 m; D.C. Castro leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11°43′3.26″ S, 61°28′20.41″ W; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 11°43′3.28″ S, 61°28′21″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11°43′3.32″ S, 61°28′21.64″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′3.8″ S, 61°28′21.5″ W; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′4.8″ S, 61°28′18.4″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11°43′4.96″ S, 61°28′21.64″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′5.43″ S, 61°28′18.39″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′3.17″ S, 61°28′19.2″ W; 9–11 Dec. 2015; CEMT 2 • ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′3.82″ S, 61°28′20.32″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′4.29″ S, 61°28′18.39″ W; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′4.32″ S, 61°28′19.08″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′4.9″ S, 61°28′21.35″ W; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11°43′5.49″ S, 61°28′20.26″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11°43′5.49″ S, 61°28′21.71″ W; CEMT • 1 ♀; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.671947&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.59611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.671947/lat -9.59611)">Abunã</a>; 9°35′46″ S, 60°40′19″ W; 17–19 May 2010; L.R. Silva and F.F. Albertoni leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9°36′38″ S, 65°21′33″ W; elev. 200 m; 19 Sep. 2010; J.C.F. Falcão leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.365555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.596666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.365555/lat -9.596666)">Jirau</a>; 9°35′48″ S, 65°21′56″ W; elev. 250 m; J.C.F. Falcão and L.R. Silva leg.; flight interception trap; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.476112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.069722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.476112/lat -8.069722)">EsEc Cuniã</a>; 8°4′11″ S, 63°28′34″ W; elev. 83 m; 10–12 Nov. 2013; M.A.P.A. Silveira leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 13–15 Aug. 2012; C. Moreno leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.583333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.05/lat -9.583333)">Mutum Paraná</a>; 9°35′ S, 63°03′ W; 15–17 Sep. 2010; J.C.F. Falcão and L.R. Silva leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 9°35′46″ S, 63°02′27″ W; Sep. 2012; R.V. Nunes leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.212223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.441944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.212223/lat -9.441944)">Nova Mutum Paraná</a>; 9°26′31″ S, 60°12′44″ W; 27–28 Feb. 2010; L.R. Silva and R.L.R. Silva leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT .</p><p>COLOMBIA – Amazonas • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Leticia; elev. 213 m; 23 Feb.–2 Mar. 1974; S. Peck leg.; TAMU • 1 ♀; Leticia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.898605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.005833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.898605/lat -4.005833)">Estación Biológica El Zafire</a>; 4°00′21″ S, 69°53′55″ W; elev. 150 m; 2–4 Dec. 2007; L. Franco and S. Flórez leg.; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 3°59′15″ S, 69°54′10″ W; elev. 164 m; 9–11 Dec. 2007; IAvH-E. – Caquetá • 2 ♀♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.450134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.07416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.450134/lat 0.07416667)">Estación Puerto Abeja</a>; 0°04′27″ N, 72°27′0.5″ W; elev. 200 m; Jul. 1999; M. Álvarez and G. Mejía leg.; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.417496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.417496/lat 0.21166667)">Río Amú</a>; 0°12′42″ N, 72°25′3″ W; elev. 250 m; 21 Mar. 2001; M. Ospina and E. González leg.; pitfall human dung; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.630554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.33333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.630554/lat 0.33333334)">Río Cuñare</a>; 0°20′ N, 72°37′50″ W; elev. 250 m; 2–4 Nov. 2000; M. Ospina and E. González leg.; pitfall human dung; UPTC-CE • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; IAvH-E • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°31′3″ N, 72°38′27.7″ W; 10–12 Nov. 2000; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 0°32′4″ N, 72°37′57.5″ W; 19– 21 Nov. 2000; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.415306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.20958334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.415306/lat 0.20958334)">Río Cuñare - Amú</a>; 0°12′34.5″ N, 72°24′55.1″ W; 15–17 Feb. 2001; IAvH-E • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°12′42.8″ N, 72°25′3.2″ W; 21 Feb. 2001; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 0°12′47.8″ N, 72°25′25.4″ W; 1–3 Mar. 2001; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.92333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.26055557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.92333/lat 0.26055557)">Río Mesay</a>; 0°15′38″ N, 72°55′24″ W; elev. 250 m; 24 Jan. 2000; F. Quevedo leg.; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Puerto Solano, PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.629166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.15722223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.629166/lat 0.15722223)">Río Sararamano</a>; 0°09′26″ N, 72°37′45″ W; elev. 250 m; 11 Apr. 2000; E. González leg.; pitfall human dung; UPTC-CE • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; flight interception trap; UPTC-CE • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°10′02″ N, 72°36′35″ W; 8 Apr. 2000; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 4 Apr. 2000; flight interception trap; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°10′47″ N, 72°37′24″ W; IAvH-E • ♀; same data as for preceding; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 6 Apr. 2000; IAvH-E • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 19 Apr. 2000; IAvH-E. – Meta • 10 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀; PNN Tinigua, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.6666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.166664/lat 2.6666667)">CIEM, Río Duda</a>; 2°40′ N, 74°10′ W; elev. 350 m; Jan. 1996; I. Jiménez leg.; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Puerto López, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.95833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0872226" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.95833/lat 4.0872226)">El Naranjal</a>; 04°05′14″ N, 72°57′30″ W; elev. 220 m; Feb. 1997; F. Escobar leg.; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; Puerto López, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.56014&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.199389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.56014/lat 4.199389)">Vereda Remolino</a>; 4°11′57.8″ N, 72°33′36.5″ W; elev. 2015 m; 10 Nov. 2018; pitfall human dung; D.C. Martínez leg.; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°15′10.1″ N, 72°34′10.8″ W; elev. 210 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°12′34.5″ N, 72°34′54.9″ W; elev. 201 m; 11 Nov. 2018; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4°13′30.9″ N, 72°34′3.2″ W; elev. 193 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°15′3.7″ N, 72°34′11.5″ W; elev. 207 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4°11′57.2″ N, 72°33′32.8″ W; elev. 214 m; 12 Nov. 2018; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; San Martín, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.542435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.707525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.542435/lat 3.707525)">La laguna</a>; 3°42′27.09″ N, 73°32′32.76″ W; elev. 337, 4 m; I. Lina leg.; pitfall human dung; IAvH-E • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Villavicencio; 4°03′07″ N, 74°15′57″ S; elev. 350 m; Mar. 1998; A. Camacho leg.; pitfall human dung; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 04°02′ N, 75°78′15″ W; elev. 150 m; IAvH-E • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°02′ N, 73°15′ W; elev. 200 m; 19 Oct. 2009; D. López leg.; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 33 km E of Villavicencio; 2–4 Mar. 1972; S. Peck and J. Peck leg.; dung trap; TAMU. – Putumayo • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.98861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.072222225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.98861/lat -0.072222225)">Puerto Leguizamo</a>; 00°04′20″ S, 74°59′19″ W; 17 Feb. 2008; L. Jiménez leg.; CCBUMAG • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 00°05′03″ S, 74°59′28″ W; 20 Feb. 2008; L. Jiménez leg.; CCBUMAG • 1 ♂; Santa Rosa, headwaters Río San Miguel; 24–25 Oct. 1970; Malkin and Burchard leg.; TAMU. – Vaupés • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Reserva Natural Mosiro-Itajura (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.51667/lat -1.0666667)">Caparú</a>); 1°04′ S, 69°31′ W, elev. 100 m; Nov. 1995; D. Forero leg.; pitfall human dung; IavH-E .</p><p>ECUADOR – Pastaza • 1 ♀; Ashuara, Río Macuma, 10 km from Rio Morona; 3 elev. 00 m; 7–16 Jul. 1971; B. Malkin leg.; TAMU . – Pichincha • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Gualea; Jun. 1929; TAMU • 1 ♀; Quito; TAMU .</p><p>PERU – Amazonas • 1 ♀; Condorcanqui, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.88389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.4730554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.88389/lat -4.4730554)">Santa Maria de Nieva</a>; 4°28′23″ S, 77°53′02″ W; elev. 274 m; 12–13 Oct. 2019; F. Paz leg.; MUSM. – Cusco • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; La Convención, Megantoni; elev. 420–442 m; 13 Mar. 2022; S. Bejar and B. Cocamareshi leg.; MUSM • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 20 Jun. 2023; R. Curo leg.; MUSM. – Huánuco • 1 ♂; Leoncia Prado Tingo Maria, Monson Valley; 20 Nov. 1954; E.I. Schlinger and E.S. Ross leg.; TAMU. – Loreto • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.306946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.995556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.306946/lat -4.995556)">Datem del Marañón</a>; 4°59′44″ S, 76°18′25″ W; elev. 132 m; 3 Jul. 2012; C. Espinoza leg.; MUSM • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.639722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.166664/lat -4.639722)">Loreto</a>; 4°38′23″ S, 76°10′ W; elev. 114 m; 30 Jun. 2012; C. Espinoza leg.; MUSM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Río Ungumayo; elev. 137 m; 29–30 Nov. 2009; L. Sulca leg.; MUSM. – Madre de Dios • 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.11&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.5525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.11/lat -12.5525)">CICRA Field Station</a>; 12°33′09″ S, 70°06′36″ W; elev. 295 m; 10–15 Jul. 2010; Chaboo team leg.; flight interception trap; MUSM • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 12°33′07″ S, 70°06′34″ W; 9–13 Jun. 2011; MUSM • 1 ♀; Nueva Arequipa; elev. 231 m; 23–27 Sep. 2009; C. Peña and E. Martínez leg.; MUSM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.13278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.193889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.13278/lat -13.193889)">PN Bahuaja-Sonene</a>; 13°11′38″ S, 70°07′58″ W; elev. 347 m; 3–19 Jun. 2013; J. Grados leg.; MUSM • 2 ♀♀; PNN Manú, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.24333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.646667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.24333/lat -12.646667)">Estación Biológica Pantiacolla</a>; 12°38′48″ S, 71°14′36″ W; 2010; S. Pérez leg.; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Reserva Comunal Amarakaeri; naciente <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.86139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.928612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.86139/lat -12.928612)">Qda. Pinquiri</a>; 12°55′43″ S, 70°51′41″ W; elev. 421 m; 4 Jun. 2011; M. Vilchez leg.; MUSM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Rio Tambopata; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.60667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.141666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.60667/lat -13.141666)">Collpa de Guacamayos</a>; 13°8.5′ S, 69°36.4′ W; elev. 300 m; Oct. 1995; F. Forsyth leg.; MUSM • 1 ♀; Río Tambopata; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.29195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.841666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.29195/lat -12.841666)">RR.NN. Explorer’s inn.</a>; 12°50′30″ S, 69°17′31″ W; elev. 161 m; 15–18 May 2019; L. Figueroa and M. Alvarado leg.; MUSM .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Widely distributed in the Amazon, from Colombia and Bolivia to French Guiana and northeastern Pará, in Brazil (Fig. 21). In lowlands, below 500 m a.s.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059632FFB2B938FE861F616783	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F805962BFFBCB987FC441EAE6668.text	03B6F805962BFFBCB987FC441EAE6668.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus divisor Bordin & Arias-Buriticá & Maldaner & Vaz-De-Mello 2026	<div><p>Phanaeus divisor sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 16D03340-F1FA-4E1D-B16F-FF9FEA86A94D</p><p>Figs 2D–E, 3D, 4B, 8, 13C, 14B, E, H, K, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This new species is diagnosed by the following combination of character states: venter bright green color (Fig. 8C); tip of anteromedial prominence of metaventrite convex in lateral view, usually with irregular and small calluses or carinulae (Fig. 2D–E); pronotum with deep posteromedial fossae with punctations inside (Figs 4B, 8A–B); pronotal punctures strong, clearly visible over entire pronotal surface under 20 × magnification; carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin of females appearing regularly arched in frontal view (Fig. 3D); major males with elongate triangular horn and well-developed, pyramidal pronotal tubercles (Fig. 8D).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Serra do Divisor National Park.</p><p>Type material (9 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀)</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Acre, Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.6575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.446111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.6575/lat -7.446111)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>; 7°26′46″ S, 73°39′27″ W; 7–9 Dec. 2019; R.A. Azevedo leg.; pitfall human dung; plotAP06; CEMT.</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL – Acre • 6 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; TAMU • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; 7°26′46″ S, 73°39′28″ W; 11–15 Dec. 2019; flight interception trap; CEMT .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Brazil, Acre, Mâncio Lima, Serra do Divisor National Park.</p><p>Description</p><p>Major male (holotype)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length 18.5 mm. Width 10.3 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Clypeus bidentate with striated sculpture (Fig. 8A). Anterior margin of clypeus and horn black (Fig. 8A). Olive brown on paraocular area and posterior portion of clypeus (Figs 8A, 16B). Cephalic horn triangular, long, curved posteriorly over pronotum (Figs 8A, 16B, 17B). Discrete sheen around the eyes and at apex of horn (Fig. 8A).</p><p>PRONOTUM. Olive brown with irregularly black elevations (Fig. 8A). Punctures strong, clearly visible over entire pronotal surface under 20 × magnification. Disc triangular, flattened, with two well-developed, pyramidal anterior tubercles (Fig. 8D). Carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin elevated (Fig. 8D). Lateral pronotal expansion of pronotum slightly curved posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 8A). Posteromedial fossae semicircular with punctations inside (Figs 4B, 8A). Discrete sheen on entire pronotal margin (Fig. 8A).</p><p>ELYTRA. Striae punctate, basally impressed as distinct fossae; each strial puncture within a black macula (Fig. 8A). Interstriae olive brown with scabriculous surface giving opaque appearance. Anterior margin with discrete sheen (Fig. 8A).</p><p>METAVENTRITE. Tip of anteromedial prominence of metaventrite convex in lateral view, with irregular carinulae (Fig. 2D–E). Surface with large, deep, and dense punctures (Fig. 2D). Black color in the central portion; green color near the insertion of the mesocoxae and metacoxae (Fig. 8C).</p><p>PYGIDIUM. Almost completely brown, except for green anterior portion (Fig. 18B). Scabriculous surface with lateral waves and a smooth medial area, with strong punctures.</p><p>ENDOPHALLITES. ME in dorsal view elongate and blade-like, with a broad, rounded basal portion tapering gradually into a narrow, curved apex; left margin slightly concave, right margin arched, convex; left margin with a pronounced fold, occupying the basal half portion (Fig. 14E). AE with tapered base; right margin (dorsal view) sinuous, with a small tooth-like projection near the base, more visible in lateral view (Fig. 14H). SRP wider than long (Fig. 14K).</p><p>Variation</p><p>Dorsal color varies from reddish brown to olive green, with iridescence between green and brown in some specimens. Male sizes: length 16–18.5 mm, width 9–11.3 mm. Female sizes: length 15.4– 17.6 mm, width 9.6–10.9 mm. Females: head with transversal carina (Figs 3D, 8B); pronotum with three tubercles arranged in V, two anterior rounded and one posterior elongated longitudinally (Figs 8B, 19B); carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin appearing regularly arched in frontal view (Fig. 3D); posteromedial pronotal fossae triangular (Fig. 8B). Minor males: short horn or without horn; if hornless, only with a transverse carina on the head; triangular pronotal disc, but without lateral expansions and diminute pair of anterior pronotal tubercles.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil, Acre, Serra do Divisor National Park (Fig. 20). As shown for another dung beetle originally described exclusively from the Brazilian side of the Divisor Range (Arias-Buriticá et al. 2023, 2024), this species is also likely present on the Peruvian side and perhaps in other areas further within this country.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion</p><p>Although the external morphology and the parameres of Phanaeus divisor sp. nov. are similar to P. cambeforti (Figs 5, 8, 13A, C), differences in the external morphology and endophallites observed between the two taxa gave us the confidence to describe this new species from Serra do Divisor National Park. Externally, they can be easily distinguished by the punctations inside of posteromedial pronotal fossae in P. divisor, absent in P. cambeforti . In P. divisor, the anteromedial prominence of the metaventrite terminates bears a convex tip in lateral view, with distinct carinae. In contrast, P. cambeforti exhibits a flat tip of the anteromedial prominence of the metaventrite, without carinae. In addition, the ME and AE differ in shape and size (Fig. 14D–E, G–H).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F805962BFFBCB987FC441EAE6668	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059625FFBEB95FFDE0188F61BF.text	03B6F8059625FFBEB95FFDE0188F61BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus lecourti Arnaud 2000	<div><p>Phanaeus lecourti Arnaud, 2000</p><p>Figs 1H, 2B, 9, 13E, 14C, F, I, L, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A</p><p>Phanaeus lecourti Arnaud, 2000: 6 .</p><p>Phanaeus lecourti peruanus – Arnaud 2000: 6.</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) lecourti – Arnaud 2002: 86. — Price 2007: 1, 5, 17; 2009: 139, 143–144, 146. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 3, 6, 10, 37, 41. — Figueroa et al. 2014: 127, 131, 136. — Krajcik 2012: 204. — Gillett &amp; Toussaint 2020: 673.</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) lecourti peruanus – Arnaud 2002: 86–87. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 1, 8, 11 (as synonym of P. lecourti). — Krajcik 2012: 204.</p><p>Phanaeus lecourti – Price &amp; May 2009: 216. — Lizardo et al. 2022: 548, 552, 554, 557, 560.</p><p>Phanaeus (Phanaeus) lecourti – Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 50, 55, 67, 74, 94.</p><p>Phanaeus (Phanaeus) lecourti peruanus – Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 67.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Dorsal and ventral color similar, weakly lustrous, dark blue or green with faded sheen (Fig. 9). Triangular clypeal teeth (Fig. 9). Cephalic horn of major males expanded laterally at base and gradually narrowing towards apex (Fig. 16A). Pronotum of females with three tubercles arranged in a triangle, with the lateral tubercles longer latitudinally than the middle one, which is rounded (Figs 9B, D, 19A). Variation: length: 19–24 mm; the coloration varies from purplish blue to emerald green; pronotum and elytra may show different colors, one blue, the other green. Endophallites: ME in dorsal view strongly curved, hookshaped, with a broad basal region and a long, narrow, apically tapering process directed anteriorly; basal and right margin together form a single, strongly convex arch; left margin with a boomerang-shaped fold, occupying the basal half (Fig. 14F). AE long, with U-shaped base; right margin (dorsal view) straight, with a small tooth-like projection in the middle, more visible in lateral view (Fig. 14I). SRP circular formed by two sclerotized parts connected by a membrane (Fig. 14L).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype of Phanaeus lecourti BOLIVIA • ♂; “(LA PAZ) N. Yungas, Caranavi-Carasco, 700-1200 m; 11.91; G. Lecourt leg.”; CPFA.</p><p>Paratypes of Phanaeus lecourti BOLIVIA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; (examined from photographs provided in Arnaud 2002: 87) .</p><p>Holotype of Phanaeus lecourti peruanus</p><p>PERU • ♂; “(HUA), Pucalpa, III.76; Monguillon leg.”; CPFA.</p><p>Paratypes of Phanaeus lecourti peruanus</p><p>PERU • 1 ♂, 1♀; (examined from photographs provided in Arnaud 2002: 87) .</p><p>Non-type material examined (25 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀)</p><p>BOLIVIA – Cochabamba • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Huayllas; Dec. 2006; CEMT . – La Paz • 1 ♂; Nor Yungas, rt. Caranavi-Carrasco; P. Arnaud leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Nor Yungas, Cotapata; 19–30 Sep. 2000; Y. Gareca and P. Blacut leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; Nor Yungas, E.B.T.; 30 May 2001; P. Coro leg.; MHNNKM .</p><p>PERU – Ayacucho • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.506386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.087222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.506386/lat -13.087222)">Moyobamba</a>; 13°05′14″ S, 73°30′23″ W; elev. 1918 m; 28 Feb.–1 Mar. 2022; M. Alvarado leg.; MUSM . – Cusco • 1 ♂; La Convención, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.13611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.544445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.13611/lat -12.544445)">Encharate</a>; 12°32′40″ S, 73°8′10″ W; elev. 1600 m; 21 Aug. 2022; E. Quispe leg.; MUSM • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.660555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.155/lat -12.660555)">CC. Ozanampiato</a>; 12°39′38″ S, 73°09′18″ W; elev. 1708 m; 22–24 Jan. 2010; C. Carranza and C. Rossi leg.; MUSM • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 12°39′32″ S, 73°09′32″ W, elev. 1681 m; MUSM • 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.570833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08611/lat -12.570833)">CC. Santa Rosa</a>; 12°34′15″ S, 73°05′10″ W; elev. 1693 m; 26–29 Jan. 2010; MUSM • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; elev. 1685 m; MUSM • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 12°34′10″ S, 73°05′15″ W; elev. 1693 m; 18–21 Sep. 2010; M. Alvarado and J. Peralta leg.; pitfall; MUSM • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 12°34′12″ S, 73°05′13″ W; elev. 1709 m; MUSM • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.54833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.054167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.54833/lat -13.054167)">San Pedro</a>; 13°03′15″ S, 71°32′54″ W; elev. 300 m; 19–20 Nov. 1999; T. Larsen leg.; pitfall human dung; MUSM • 1 ♂; Union, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.58139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.09" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.58139/lat -13.09)">along road</a>; 13°5′24″ S, 71°34′53″ W; elev. 1900 m; Dec. 1996; N. Quinte leg.; cloud forest; pitfall human dung; CEMT . – Huánuco • 1 ♀; Leoncio Prado Tingo Maria; May 2008; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; PN Cordillera Azul; 39 km NE of Tingo Maria; elev. 1700 m; 11–14 Jan. 1983; A. Newton and M. Thayer leg.; pitfall human dung; TAMU . – Junín • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Calabaza; elev. 2000 m; 1–20 Sep. 2004; Callegari leg.; TAMU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; near Satipo; elev.&gt; 1000 m; Jul. 2004; A. Santibáñez leg.; pitfall human dung; TAMU • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.426384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.9975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.426384/lat -10.9975)">Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa</a>; 10°59′51″ S, 75°25′35″ W; elev. 1879 m; 30 May 2011; D. Silva leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂; Satipo; May 2005; TAMU • 1 ♂; Satipo; elev. 600 m; 3–16 Apr. 2003; A. Santibáñez leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂; Satipo, Huerto Edén; Dec. 2004; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; Apr. 2007; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; elev. 1400 m; Dec. 2007; CEMT • 1 ♀; Satipo, Puerto Ocopa; elev. 450 m; Jul. 2004; CEMT • 1 ♀; Satipo, Santos Atahualpa, Río Tambo; 12 Dec. 2007; R. Poerster leg.; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; Satipo; Nov. 2004; CEMT .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Bolivia, La Paz.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Yungas Province in Bolivia and Peru (Fig. 20) at elevations between 400 and 1100 m.a.s.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059625FFBEB95FFDE0188F61BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059627FFBBB952FA481F4C6061.text	03B6F8059627FFBBB952FA481F4C6061.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus mariocupelloi Bordin & Arias-Buriticá & Maldaner & Vaz-De-Mello 2026	<div><p>Phanaeus mariocupelloi sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 22700B47-85BB-4C1F-91B5-83D6CF3DFAA2</p><p>Figs 2C, 4C, 10, 13F, 15C, F, I, L, 16F, 17F, 18F, I, 19F</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species is diagnosed by the following combination of character states: ventral color iridescent greenish red (Fig. 10C); dorsum dull, dark olive green to dark olive brown (Fig. 10A–B, D); posteromedial pronotal fossae always present (Figs 4C, 10A–B, D); pair of anterior pronotal tubercles of males small, distinguishable from the black elevations by the bright spot (Figs 10A, D, 16F); semicircular clypeal teeth in females (Fig. 10B).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is dedicated to Mario Jardim Cupello in recognition of his significant contributions to the knowledge of Scarabaeidae .</p><p>Type material (13 ♂♂, 31 ♀♀)</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Mato Grosso, Araputanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.411945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.3875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.411945/lat -15.3875)">Fazenda Araputanga</a>; 15°23′15″ S, 58°24′43″ W; elev. 298 m; 7–9 Jan. 2024; F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, M.E. Maldaner and B.R. Bordin leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT.</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL – Mato Grosso • 6 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; Araputanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.413334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.390555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.413334/lat -15.390555)">Fazenda Bandeirantes</a>; 15°23′26″ S, 58°24′48″ W; elev. 296 m; 18–20 Jan. 2013; R.J. Silva leg.; pitfall human+pig dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; TAMU • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 15°23′06″ S, 58°26′02″ W; elev. 308 m; 19– 21 Jan. 2013; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 15°23′04″ S, 58°26′W; elev. 296 m; 21–23 Jan. 2013; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 15°22′18″ S, 58°26′23″ W; elev. 297 m; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Araputanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.453335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.256111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.453335/lat -15.256111)">Fazenda Sudam</a>; 15°15′22″ S, 58°27′12″ W; elev. 352 m; 28–30 Jan. 2013; R.J. Silva leg.; pitfall human+pig dung; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 15°15′45″ S, 58°26′23″ W; 29–31 Jan. 2013; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Indiavaí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.553333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.553333/lat -15.455)">Fazenda Alto Jaurú</a>; 15°27′18″ S, 58°33′12″ W; elev. 231 m; 14–16 Jan. 2013; R.J. Silva leg.; pitfall human+pig dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; Mirassol d’Oeste, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.97028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.559444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.97028/lat -15.559444)">Fazenda Santa Helena</a>; 15°33′34″ S, 57°58′13″ W; elev. 240 m; 25–27 Jan. 2013; R.J. Silva leg.; pitfall human+pig dung; CEMT .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Brazil, Mato Grosso state, Araputanga.</p><p>Description</p><p>Major male (holotype)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length 16.8 mm. Width 10.7 mm</p><p>HEAD. Clypeus bidentate with striated sculpture (Fig. 10A). Anterior margin of clypeus and horn black; olive green on paraocular area and posterior portion of clypeus (Fig. 10A). Cephalic horn black, curved posteriorly over pronotum. Soft sheen around the eyes (Fig. 10A).</p><p>PRONOTUM. Disc flat, triangular in dorsal view; dark olive green, with irregularly black elevations over the whole surface (Fig. 10A). Pronotal punctures strong, clearly visible over entire pronotal surface with 20× magnification. Pair of anterior pronotal tubercles small, distinguishable from black rugosities by bright spot. Posteromedial fossae as entire deep circles, aligned with the first elytral striae (Figs 4C, 10A).</p><p>ELYTRA. Dark olive green with scabriculous surface, giving an opaque appearance (Fig. 10A). Elytral striae punctate, basally impressed as distinct fossae (Fig. 10A). Anterior margin with bronze-green sheen, lighter than the rest of the surface (Fig. 10A).</p><p>METAVENTRITE. Anteromedial prominence long and narrow, slightly expanded at the apex (Fig. 2C). Surface with large, deep and dense punctures. Central portion black, with a greenish-red coloration near the insertion of the mesocoxae and metacoxae, spreading to the legs (Fig. 10C).</p><p>PYGIDIUM. Olive brown, bronze in the middle; scabriculous surface with waves on the sides and smooth in the middle, with strong punctures (Fig. 18F).</p><p>ENDOPHALLITES. ME in dorsal view elongate and blade-like, with a broad, rounded basal portion tapering gradually into a narrow, curved apex; left margin with a pronounced fold, occupying the basal half portion; left margin slightly concave, with a sinuosity near apex; right margin almost straight (Fig. 15F). AE with tapered base; right margin (dorsal view) with a diagonal projection, more visible in lateral view (Fig. 15I). SRP square, with a diagonal projection (dorsal view) (Fig. 15L).</p><p>Variation</p><p>The dorsal color varies from dark olive green to dark reddish brown. The ventral color varies from redder to greener. Male sizes: length 12.3–20 mm; width 8.2–12.6 mm. Female sizes: length 15.2–19.8 mm; width 8.6–11.5 mm. Females: head with transversal carina and semi-circular clypeal teeth (Fig. 10B); pronotum with three small tubercles arranged in a triangle, middle tubercle posterior to lateral ones (Figs 10B, 19F); triangular posteromedial pronotal fossae (Fig. 10B); pygidium of big females with a black spot on the posterior portion (Fig. 18I); smaller females with uniformly colored pygidium, as males. Minor males: short horn or without horn; if hornless, only with a transverse carina on the head; triangular pronotal disc, but without lateral expansions and without a pair of anterior pronotal tubercles.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil, southwestern region of the Mato Grosso state, in remnants of the Amazon rainforest (Fig. 20).</p><p>Taxonomic discussion</p><p>Phanaeus mariocupelloi sp. nov. is similar to P. cambeforti, which has not been recorded in this region. Phanaeus cambeforti has the posteromedial fossae of pronotum shallow or absent, while P. mariocupelloi always has conspicuous posteromedial pronotal fossae. Additionally, P. cambeforti is smaller, with fewer black elevations on the pronotum of males, and with a dark green, almost black ventral color. Phanaeus mariocupelloi is the only species of the P. chalcomelas group with red ventral color that occurs in Brazil and the only species of the group with semicircular clypeal teeth in females. Although the parameres resemble P. cambeforti (Fig. 13A, F), the endophallites are very different between the two species. The ME is very similar to P. minos (Fig. 15E–F). Despite having a distinctive dorsal projection, the SRP has a general shape similar to P. meleagris (Fig. 15J, L).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059627FFBBB952FA481F4C6061	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059622FF84B93DFBE61DC563A4.text	03B6F8059622FF84B93DFBE61DC563A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus meleagris Blanchard 1845	<div><p>Phanaeus meleagris Blanchard, 1845</p><p>Figs 2F, 3B, 11, 13B, 15A, D, G, J, 16D, 17D, 18D, 19D</p><p>Phanaeus meleagris Blanchard, 1845: 176 . (In livraison 80 dated as 1845 according to Bousquet (2016)).</p><p>Phanaeus meleagris – Harold 1869: 1018. — Nevinson 1892: 5. — Gillet 1911b: 84. — d’Olsoufieff 1924: 41, 99, 135, 152. — Blackwelder 1944: 210. — Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1967: 574. — Edmonds 1972: 832. — Arnaud 1982a: 114. — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2006: 17. — Lizardo et al. 2022: 548, 554, 557, 560. — Moctezuma et al. 2024: 5. — Moctezuma 2025: 4.</p><p>Phanaeus (Phanaeus) meleagris – Pessôa 1934: 305, 312.</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) meleagris – Edmonds 1994: 28, 31, 102. — Arnaud 2002: 85–86. — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 50, 65, 74, 93. — Carvajal et al. 2011: 321. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 3, 6, 11, 37–38, 43. — Krajcik 2012: 204 — Price 2007: 13–14, 17; 2009: 139, 143–144, 146. — Gillett &amp; Toussaint 2020: 673.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Elytra completely matte black, with no other color on striae punctation (Fig. 11A–B, D). Black ventral color, except for bright red femora with green reflections (Fig. 11C). Pronotum covered with highly anastomosed black elevations (Fig. 11A–B, D). Pronotum with bright metallic red, yellow, and green coloration between elevations, more visible on the sides (Figs 11A–B, D, 16D, 17D, 19D). Females with carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin subarcuate in frontal view, almost straight, without sinuosity in the middle (Fig. 3B). Variation: length 16–21 mm. The color between the pronotal elevations can be red, yellow, and green or just red. The black elevations can almost completely cover the pronotum. Endophallites: ME in dorsal view elongate and blade-like, with a broad, rounded basal portion tapering gradually into a narrow, curved apex; left margin concave, right margin arched; left margin with a pronounced fold, occupying the basal half portion (Fig. 15D). AE with tapered base; right margin (in dorsal view) with a tooth-like projection at the middle, more visible in lateral view; left margin, in ventral view, interrupted by the projection (Fig. 15G). SRP rectangular with rounded angles (Fig. 15J).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype (studied from photographs) BOLIVIA • ♂; “long. 18.5 mm / P. meleagris, Blanch, Yungas, M. d’Orbigny /6275/1276/ M.P.C.G./.”; MNHN. Designated by Arnaud (1982a: 114).</p><p>Paralectotypes (not studied) BOLIVIA • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; MNHN .</p><p>Non-type material examined (310 ♂♂, 492 ♀♀)</p><p>BOLIVIA – Chuquisaca • 2 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀; Hernando Siles, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.9175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.726389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.9175/lat -19.726389)">Monteagudo</a>; 19°43′35″ S, 63°55′03″ W, elev. 1300 m; 18–21 Apr. 2004; M. Aliaga leg.; MHNNKM • 4 ♂♂, 49 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 19°46′15″ S, 63°53′11″ W; 9–12 Apr. 2004; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; Monteagudo, Ticucha; 19°96′15″ S, 63°53′11″ W; elev. 1300 m; M. Aliaga leg.; pitfall human dung; TAMU. – Cochabamba • 34 ♂♂, 35 ♀♀; Ayopaya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.666664/lat -16.033333)">Altamachi</a>; 16°02′ S, 66°40′ W; elev. 1150 m; 25–27 Sep. 2004; C. Hamel leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chapare, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.64222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.007223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.64222/lat -17.007223)">Cristal Mayu</a>; 17°00′26″ S, 65°38′32″ W; Nov. 1949; TAMU • 1 ♂; Chapare, Locotal; 1100 m; Nov. 1954; Martínez leg.; ex-Gonzalo Halffter Salas; IEXA • 1 ♀; Mosetenes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.41833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.230833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.41833/lat -16.230833)">Isiboro-Securé N.P.</a>; 16°13′51″ S, 66°25′06″ W; elev. 1250 m; 1–4 Sep. 2003; A.C. Hamel leg.; pitfall human dung; TAMU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 16°13′58″ S, 66°24′54″ W; TAMU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 14–17 Sep. 2003; 16°14′04″ S, 66°25′06″ W; TAMU • 1 ♀; Yungas del Palmar, km 135; elev. 1600 m; Feb. 1952; Martínez leg.; TAMU. – La Paz • 5 ♀♀; Caranavi; Nov. 2005; P. Wagner leg.; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; Nov. 2009; CEMT • 1 ♂; Coroico; Feb. 1984; P. Arnaval leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Nor Yungas, Río Coroico; elev. 1200 m; Jan. 1949; Martínez leg.; ex-Gonzalo Halffter Salas; IEXA • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; Dec. 1948; elev. 1700 m; IEXA • 1 ♀; Nor Yungas, Tunquini Biological Station; 30 May 2001; P. Coro leg.; MHNNKM. – Santa Cruz • 9 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀; Andrés Ibáñez, Espejillos; 27–29 Apr. 2007; M. Amaya leg.; MHNNKM • 16 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀; Andrés Ibáñez, Laguna Volcanes; Feb. 2010; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 4 ♀♀; Andrés Ibáñez, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.45028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.672499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.45028/lat -17.672499)">Potrerillos del Güendá</a>; 17°40′21″ S; 63°27′1″ W; elev. 370 m; 15 Oct. 2010; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Bermejo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.6/lat -18.1)">Refugio Los Volcanes</a>; 18°06′ S, 63°36′ W; elev. 1060 m; 10 Dec. 2003; semi-deciduous forest; D.J. Mann and A.C. Hamel leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; pitfall chicken carrion; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 18°06′ S, 63°35′ W; elev. 1045 m; 23 Feb. 2010; T. Vidaurre leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 8 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀; Cordillera, Incahuasi; 13–16 Mar. 2008; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; TAMU • 9 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀; Cordillera, Parabano; 24–28 Mar. 2003; J. Ledezma et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 9 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 23–27 Mar. 2004; J.L. Aramayo, et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 44 ♂♂, 33 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 28 Sep.–2 Oct. 2004; MHNNKM • 16 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀; Cordillera, R.M. Parabano; 19–30 May 2004; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♀♀; Cordillera, Serranía Parabado I; 13 Apr. 2002; L. Céspedes leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cordillera, Serranía Parabado II; 15–17 Apr. 2002; L. Céspedes leg.; MHNNKM • 36 ♂♂, 58 ♀♀; Cordillera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.673695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.894638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.673695/lat -19.894638)">Yaguapoa</a>; 19°53′40.7″ S, 63°40′25.3″ W; 20–21 Nov. 2007; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 17 ♂♂, 54 ♀♀; Cordillera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.67639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.86" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.67639/lat -19.86)">Yaguapoa</a>; 19°51′36″ S, 63°40′35″ W; 26 Nov. 2007; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Cordillera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.699917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.796415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.699917/lat -19.796415)">Yupa</a>; 19°47′47.1″ S, 63°41′59.7″ W; 29 Nov. 2007; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; Florida, Alta Florida; elev. 1697 m; 16 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 13 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀; Florida, Bella Vista; 14–15 Nov. 2007; J. Ledezma et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Florida, Bella Vista; 25 Sep. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 8 ♀♀; Florida, Buena Vista; 8 Mar. 2005; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Florida, Cuevas; 18 Nov. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; Florida, La Negra; 18 Sep. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Florida, Lagunillas; 28 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Florida, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.801666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.801666/lat -18.14)">Samaipata</a>; 18°8.4′ S, 63°48.1′ W; elev. 1730 m; 19 Nov. 2006; W.D. Edmonds and P. Reyes leg.; pitfall human dung; TAMU • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 18°8.9′ S, 63°48.8′ W; elev. 1380 m; TAMU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Florida, Pacay; elev. 1614 m; 18 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; Florida, Palermo; elev. 1467 m; 18 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Florida, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.81333/lat -18.14)">Samaipata</a>; 18°08.4′ S; 63°48.8′ W; elev. 1380 m; 19 Nov. 2006; W.D. Edmonds leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; Florida, Samaipata; 26 Nov. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; Ichilo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.677223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.284445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.677223/lat -18.284445)">Bella Vista</a>; 18°17′04″ S, 63°40′38″ W; 31 Dec. 2004; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2–5 Jan. 2005; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 10 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Ichilo, Elias Meneses; 9 Nov. 2003; L. Acosta leg.; MHNNKM • 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.598335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.105" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.598335/lat -18.105)">Refugio Los Volcanes</a>; 18°6.3′ S, 63°35.9′ W; elev. 1050 m; 21–25 Feb. 2010; W.D. Edmonds and T. Vidaurre; pitfall human dung; TAMU • 2 ♂♂, same data as for preceding; 18°06′19″ S, 63°35′49″ W; elev. 1060 m; 6 Feb. 2003; A.C. Hamel L. and S.K. Herzog leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 18°06′50″ S, 63°36′15″ W; elev. 1200 m; 22 Apr. 2003; TAMU • 9 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Vallegrande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.846943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.786388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.846943/lat -18.786388)">Algodonales</a>; 18°47′11″ S, 63°50′49″ W; 13 Apr. 2016; M. Amaya et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 9 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Vallegrande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.846943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.788332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.846943/lat -18.788332)">Algodonales</a>; 18°47′18″ S, 63°50′49″ W; 22 Oct. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♀♀; Vallegrande, Churcos; 5 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Vallegrande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.83139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.858334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.83139/lat -18.858334)">Churo Citano</a>; 18°51′30″ S, 64°49′53″ W; elev. 1761 m; 16 Apr. 2011; A. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 6 ♀♀; Vallegrande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.97778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.700834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.97778/lat -18.700834)">Islas</a>; 18°42′03″ S, 63°58′40″ W; 19 Apr. 2011; A. Alcoba leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Vallegrande, Llorenti; 5 Oct. 2011; A. Alcoba and M. Pérez leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Vallegrande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.711945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.711945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.711945/lat -18.711945)">Mosquera</a>; 18°42′43″ S, 63°42′43″ W; 5 Oct. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Vallegrande, Plan Citano; 16 May 2011; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; Vallegrande, Plan Citano; 30 Aug. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; Vallegrande, Postrervalle, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.71&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.71/lat -18.453335)">Pampas</a>; 18°27′12″ S, 63°42′36″ W; elev. 1234 m; 6 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Vallegrande, Postrervalle, Quebrada el Palo; 1 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂; Vallegrande, Rancho Novillero; 9 Nov. 2011; T. Vidaurre leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Vallegrande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.78639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.644167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.78639/lat -18.644167)">Rio Villca</a>; 18°38′39″ S, 63°47′11″ W; 6 Dec. 2011; A. Alcoba et al. leg.; MHNNKM • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 18 Sep. 2011; MHNNKM .</p><p>PERU – Cusco • 1 ♂; Quispicanchi Marcapata; TAMU . – Junín • 1 ♂; Satipo Calabaza; elev. 2000 m; 1–20 Sep. 2004; Callegari leg.; TAMU .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Bolivia, somewhere visited by Alcide d’Orbigny in the Yungas region.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Distributed along the eastern slopes of the Andes in southern Peru and Bolivia from 370 to 1700 m a.s.l. Yungas Province (Fig. 20).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Differences in external morphology between Phanaeus meleagris and Phanaeus minos Erichson, 1847 stat. rev., such as the color pattern (Figs 11D, 12D) and the shape of the carina adjacent to the anteromedial pronotal margin in females (Fig. 3A–B), as well as differences in male genitalia, including narrower parameres in P. meleagris compared to P. minos (Fig. 13B, D), and distinct shapes of the endophallites (Fig. 15D–E, G–H, J–K), gave us the confidence to return P. minos to full species status. The geographical distribution of P. meleagris has also been redefined here: it occurs on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia and southern Peru, whereas P. minos is found in Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela (Fig. 20).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059622FF84B93DFBE61DC563A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F805961EFF8FB923FE86181865F3.text	03B6F805961EFF8FB923FE86181865F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus minos (sensu Arnaud 1847) Erichson 1847	<div><p>Phanaeus minos Erichson, 1847 stat. rev.</p><p>Figs 2I, 3A, 12, 13D, 15B, E, H, K, 16E, 17E, 18E, 19E</p><p>Phanaeus minos Erichson, 1847: 106 .</p><p>Phanaeus minos – Harold 1869: 1018; 1870: 105 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — Nevinson 1892: 5 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — Gillet 1911b: 84 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — d’Olsoufieff 1924: 152 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — Pessôa 1934: 312 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — Blackwelder 1944: 210 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — Edmonds 1994: 31 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 65 (as synonym of P. meleagris). — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 3, 6, 11 (as synonym of P. meleagris).</p><p>Non Phanaeus meleagris (misidentification) – Balthasar 1941: 351; 1951: 336. — Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1967: 574. — Medina et al. 2001: 140. — Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 197. — Vítolo 2000: 597. — Price &amp; May 2009: 213, 216, 236.</p><p>Non Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) meleagris (misidentification) – Edmonds 1994: 28–29, 31–32. — Vítolo 2004: 284, 303, 305. — Price 2009: 139, 143-144, 146 (in part). — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 10–11, 38, 43 (in part). — Figueroa et al. 2014: 127, 133, 136. — Chamorro et al. 2018: 82, 98; 2019: 218–219, 310.</p><p>Non Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) meleagris minos (misidentification) – Arnaud 2002: 85–86. — Vítolo 2004: 284. — Carvajal et al. 2011: 321. — Krajcik 2012: 204.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Elytra brown, reddish brown (Fig 12B), or olive green in the interstriae (Fig 12A, D). Each strial puncture within a black macula (Fig 12A–B, D). Pronotum covered with highly anastomosed black elevations (Fig 12A–B, D). Elevations covering the tones of coppery brown or coppery red, which are more visible on the pronotum sides (Figs 12A–B, D, 16E, 17E, 19E). Dark coppery brown or black ventral color, except for the femora which are coppery red with green reflections (Fig 12C). Female carina adjacent to anteromedial pronotal margin with sinuosity in the middle in frontal view (Fig 3A). Variation: length 16–22.4 mm. In specimens from Peru, the metaventrite is black in the central portion and red near the insertion of the mesocoxae and metacoxae, spreading to the femora (Fig. 12C). The metaventrite is completely black in specimens from Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela, with red coloration just on the femora. Pygidium completely coppery red in most specimens (Fig. 18E), some specimens with a black spot on the posterior portion. Endophallites: ME in dorsal view elongate and blade-like, with a broad, rounded basal portion tapering gradually into a narrow, curved apex; left margin with a pronounced fold, occupying the basal half portion; left margin slightly concave, with a sinuosity near apex; right margin almost straight (Fig. 15E). AE with wide base; in dorsal view, left margin and basal margin form a 45° angle; right margin (dorsal view) almost straight, with a sinuous projection, more visible in lateral view (Fig. 15H). SRP triangular (Fig. 15K).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype (examined from photographs) PERU • ♂; “ Mountains of Peru ”; MFNB. Designated by Edmonds (1994: 31).</p><p>Paralectotypes (not studied) PERU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; “ Mountains of Peru ”; MFNB .</p><p>Non-type material examined (39 ♂♂, 40 ♀♀)</p><p>COLOMBIA – Antioquia • 1 ♀; Amalfi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.0912&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.761786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.0912/lat 6.761786)">Cañon del río Porce</a>; 6°45′42.43″ N, 75°5′28.31″ W; elev. 1221 m; Sep. 2006; A. Bedoya leg.; IAvH-E . – Arauca • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Tame, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.8375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.8375/lat 6.5133333)">PNN El Cocuy</a>; 6°30′48″ N, 71°50′15″ W; elev. 1000 m; 1 Oct. 2007; F. Alvarado leg.; human dung; IAvH-E . – Boyacá • 2 ♂♂; Cusiana, cerca de Pajarito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.666664/lat 5.2833333)">Finca Guayabetal - El paisano</a>; 5°17′ N, 72°40′ W; elev. 1300 m; May 1997; F. Escobar leg.; pitfall trap; UPTC-CE • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 5°17′ N, 72°41′ W; elev. 1200 m; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂; Cusiana, cerca de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3941665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68806/lat 5.3941665)">Pajarito</a>; 5°23′39″ N, 72°41′17″ W; elev. 1250 m; F. Escobar leg.; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 5°17′ N, 72°40′ W; elev. 1300 m; 1 Jun. 1997; IAvH-E . – Caquetá • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; San Vicente del Caguán, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.854996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.7975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.854996/lat 2.7975)">PNN Los Picachos - Alto del Río Pato</a>; 2°47′51″ N, 74°51′18″ W; elev. 1500 m; Nov.–Dec. 1997; pitfall trap; F. Escobar leg.; UPTC-CE • 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2°44′ N, 74º53′ W; elev. 1300–1560 m; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; elev. 1560 m; flight interception trap; UPTC-CE • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2º47′53″ N, 74º51′28″ W; elev. 1250 m; pitfall trap; UPTC-CE • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2º47′ N, 74º51′ W; elev. 1280 m; flight interception trap; UPTC-CE • 1 ♀; San Vicente del Caguán, camino a PNN Los Picachos; F. Escobar leg.; cow dung; UPTC-CE . – Casanare • 1 ♂; Salto de Candelas; elev. 1600 m; May 1997; F. Escobar leg.; trap; UPTC-CE . – Cauca • 1 ♀; Sn. Fortunato Bonis; TAMU . – Cundinamarca • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Medina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.388054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.388054/lat 4.5925)">Miralindo</a>; 4º35′33″ N, 73º23′17″ W; elev. 1250 m; Feb.–Mar. 1997; F. Escobar leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; elev. 1000 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; Medina, Vereda Periquito, finca <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.44111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.515278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.44111/lat 4.515278)">Miramar</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.44111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.515278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.44111/lat 4.515278)">Campamento</a> 2; 4°30′55″ N, 73°26′28″ W; elev. 1408 m; 14–16 Mar. 2018; pitfall human dung; M.I. Castro, J.C. Neita and E. Torres leg.; IAvH-E • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 4°30′57.7″ N, 73°26′3.1″ W; elev. 1194 m; 15– 16 Mar. 2018; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4°30′58.4″ N, 73°26′5.9″ W; elev. 1229 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4°30′59.1″ N, 73°26′7.8″ W; elev. 1264 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4°30′56.8″ N, 73°26′11″ W; elev. 1289 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°30′58.7″ N, 73°26′10.9″ W; elev. 1304 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°30′59.3″ N, 73°26′12.6″ W; elev. 1320 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°30′57.8″ N, 73°26′13.4″ W; elev. 1341 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4°30′58″ N, 73°26′14″ W; elev. 1346 m; IAvH-E • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°30′55″ N, 73°26′28″ W; elev. 1408 m; IAvH-E . – Nariño • 1 ♂; Ipiales, cuenca alta de los ríos Rumiyaco-Ranchería; elev. 1250 m; Sep. 1997; F. Escobar leg.; pitfall trap; UPTC-CE • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 0°03′ N, 77°13′ W; Oct. 1998; IAvH-E • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; elev. 1430 m; 24. Sep. 1998; hand collecting at night; UPTC-CE .</p><p>ECUADOR – Tungurahua • 2 ♂♂; Oriente, Abitagua; elev. 1200 m; 3 Jun. 1937; W.C. MacIntyre leg.; TAMU . – Zamora-Chinchipe • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chito, R. San Francisco; elev. 1540 m; 17 Feb. 2008; W. Chamorro and M. Amari leg.; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.09417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.5274997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.09417/lat -4.5274997)">Libertad</a>; 4°31′39″ S, 79°05′39″ W; elev. 1844 m; 28–30 Apr. 2023; M. Tapia leg.; pitfall human dung; LOUNAZ .</p><p>PERU – Junín • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.815834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.503333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.815834/lat -11.503333)">Calabaza</a>; 11º30′12″ S, 74º48′57″ W; elev. 2085 m; Nov. 2004; CEMT • 1 ♂; Calabaza; elev. 2000 m; 1–20 Sep. 2004; Callegari leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; ~ 17 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.43833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.43833/lat -10.98)">San Ramón</a>; 10°58.8′ S, 75°26.3′ W; elev. 1326 m; Mar. 2010; W.D. Edmonds and L. Figueroa leg.; human dung; TAMU • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; carrion; TAMU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ~ 33 km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.253334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.408334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.253334/lat -11.408334)">San Ramón</a>; 11°24.5′ S, 75°15.2′ W; elev. 1540 m; 6 Mar. 2010; W.D. Edmonds and L. Figueroa leg.; human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; TAMU • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; carrion; TAMU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Satipo; elev. 600 m; 3–16 Apr. 2003; A. Santibáñez leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.426384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.9975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.426384/lat -10.9975)">Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa</a>; 10°59′51″ S, 75°25′35″ W; elev. 1879 m; 30 May 2011; D. Silva leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂; Siete Casas, Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa; elev. 2220 m; 24 Oct. 2011; A. Almeyda leg.; CEMT . VENEZUELA – Táchira • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Vía Chorro del Indio; elev. 1345 m; Aug. 1990; J. Blanco leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; elev. 1100 m; Jun. 1982; C.F. Romero leg.; TAMU • 2 ♀♀; km 2.5 of San Cristóbal to Chorro del Indio; elev. 1100 m; 31 Oct. 1987; D. Havranek leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂; San Cristóbal; 10–18 Aug. 1983; B. Gill leg.; TAMU • 1 ♀; San Gil, San Cristóbal; 20 May 1983; G. Borges leg.; TAMU .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Along the eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela from 600 to 2100 m a.s.l. (Fig. 20).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Phanaeus minos was considered a synonym of P. meleagris by Harold (1870), Edmonds (1994) and Edmonds &amp; Zídek (2012). However, differences in external and genital morphology were found by us. Regarding external morphology, P. meleagris exhibits entirely black elytra, while in P. minos, only the striae are black (Figs 11–12). In females, the carina adjacent to the anteromedial pronotal margin is sinuous medially in P. minos (frontal view), whereas it is nearly straight and lacks medial sinuosity in P. meleagris (Fig. 3A–B). The cephalic horn of major males is wider and more curved in P. minos than in P. meleagris (Figs 16D–E, 17D–E). With respect to genital morphology, the parameres are narrower in P. meleagris than in P. minos in lateral view (Fig. 13B, D), and the medial, superior right peripheral, and additional endophallites exhibit distinct shapes —differences in the additional endophallite were also previously noted by Manjarres-H. &amp; Molano-R. (2015) (Fig. 15D–E, G–H, J–K).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F805961EFF8FB923FE86181865F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059617FF88B950FE8619196668.text	03B6F8059617FF88B950FE8619196668.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus achilles Boheman 1858	<div><p>Phanaeus achilles species group</p><p>Diagnosis of the Phanaeus achilles species group</p><p>Anteromedial margin of clypeus weakly bidentate (Fig. 1B). Head of females with transverse carina with two elevations in the middle, giving a bituberculate appearance in frontal view (Fig. 1E). Pronotum bearing contrasted black elevations, variously and irregularly shaped (Fig. 1G). Pronotum of females with more elevations and those more anastomosed than in males (Fig. 22). Pronotum of females with anterior W-shaped carina (Fig. 1E). Anteromedial pronotal portion of males with two longitudinal curved carinae, each forming a large posterior tubercle (Figs 23A–B, 25). Pronotal disc of major males with posterior angles expanded upwards and backwards, the apices of which are curved towards center of pronotum (Figs 23A–B, 25A–B). Posteromedial pronotal fossae present (Fig. 22). Elytral striae punctate, basally impressed as distinct fossae (Fig. 1C). Front tibiae tridentate, with faint, almost imperceptible fourth tooth. Dorsum completely shiny metallic (except for black elevations), red, red with greenish iridescence, green, or bronze green. Occurrence in dry forests and shrublands in southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru (Fig. 27).</p><p>Key to species of the Phanaeus achilles group</p><p>1. Dorsum red or red with green reflections (Fig. 22A–B). Pronotal tubercles of major males sub-quadrate with apices curved towards center of pronotum (Fig. 24A, C). Medial endophallite as Fig. 26C. Dry forests and shrublands of southwestern Ecuador (Fig. 27) at low elevations (maximum 50 m a.s.l.) .................................................................................. Phanaeus achilles Boheman, 1858</p><p>– Dorsum bright green or bronze green (Fig. 22C–D). Rounded or sub-quadrate pronotal tubercles of major males, with the apices pointing upwards (Fig. 24B, D). Medial endophallite as Fig. 26D. Dry forests and mountains in extreme northwest Peru and southwestern and southern Ecuador (Fig. 27) at low to high elevations (13 to 1210 m a.s.l) .................................. Phanaeus arnaudorum sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059617FF88B950FE8619196668	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F8059611FF94B94CFDE018FA669E.text	03B6F8059611FF94B94CFDE018FA669E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus achilles , Boheman 1858	<div><p>Phanaeus achilles Boheman, 1858</p><p>Figs 1B, E, G, 22A–B, 23A, C, E, 24A, C, 25A, 26A, C, E, G, 29A</p><p>Phanaeus achilles Boheman, 1858: 42 .</p><p>Phanaeus foveolatus Harold, 1880: 152 .</p><p>Phanaeus achilles – Harold 1869: 1016. — Nevinson 1892: 1. — Gillet 1911a: 319; 1911b: 81. — d’Olsoufieff 1924: 40, 97, 151 (in part). — Blackwelder 1944: 209. — Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1967: 574 (in part). — Edmonds 1972: 834, 874. — Streit 2008: 9. — Lizardo et al. 2022: 548, 553, 557. — Moctezuma et al. 2024: 5. — Moctezuma 2025: 4.</p><p>Phanaeus foveolatus – Nevinson 1892: 4. — Gillet 1911a: 319 (as synonym of P. achilles); 1911b: 81 (as synonym of P. achilles). — Blackwelder 1944: 209 (as synonym of P. achilles). — Edmonds 1994: 30 (as synonym of P. achilles). — Arnaud 2002: 88 (as synonym of P. achilles). — Figueroa et al. 2014: 136 (as synonym of P. achilles). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 212 (as synonym of P. achilles).</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles – Edmonds 1994: 1, 7, 25–26, 28 (in part). — Arnaud 2002: 88 (in part). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2013: 1–2. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 1, 7–8, 10–11, 37–38, 40. — Chamorro et al. 2018: 97 (in part); 2019: 211–212 (in part).</p><p>Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles lydiae – Arnaud 2000: 8; 2002: 88. — Carvajal et al. 2011: 320–321. — Krajcik 2012: 204. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 1, 8, 11 (as synonym of P. achilles). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 212 (as synonym of P. achilles).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Dorsum completely shiny metallic red or red with greenish iridescence (Figs 22A–B, 23 A, C, E). Venter dark green except for black central portion of metaventrite. Pronotum bearing contrasted black elevations, variously and irregularly shaped (Figs 1G, 22A–B, 23A, E, 24A). Anteromedial pronotal region of males with two longitudinal curved carinae, each forming a large posterior sub-quadrate tubercle (Figs 23A, 24A, C). Pronotum of females with anterior W-shaped carina (Figs 1E, 23E). Elytral striae punctate, basally impressed as distinct fossae (Fig. 22A–B). Length 15– 22.5 mm. Endophallites: ME with a large tab, given triangular appearance in dorsal and ventral view; margins of tab sinuous with a lateral rounded C-shaped angle in ventral view (Fig. 26C). AE in dorsal view, triangular, with a concave left margin and convex right margin; left margin with lateral projection near the apex (Fig. 26E). SRP almost horizontal guttiform, with rounded left margin and sharp right margin (dorsal view) (Fig. 26G).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Phanaeus achilles (here designated) ECUADOR • ♂; “ Puna / Kinb./ Riksmuseum Stockholm/ 6056 E92+/ 50 84”; NRMS .</p><p>Paralectotype of Phanaeus achilles ECUADOR • 1 ♂; “ Puna / Kinb./ Phanaeus Mac’Leay/ achilles Boh. / Riksmuseum Stockholm/ 51 84”; NRMS .</p><p>Holotype of Phanaeus achilles lydiae</p><p>ECUADOR • ♂; “ Guayas, Los Ceibos Guayaquil; 28 Nov. 1987 ”; CPFA.</p><p>Paratypes of Phanaeus achilles lydiae (25 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀)</p><p>ECUADOR – Guayaquil • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; CPFA • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Gua. env. Cerecita. Rte Salinas; Feb. 1990; CPFA • 20 ♂♂, 26 ♀♀ same data as for preceding, 5–10 Mar. 1988; CPFA • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Guayaquil, Los Ceibos; 29 Feb. 1988; L. Arnaud and P. Arnaud leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Holotype of Phanaeus foveolatus (studied from photographs)</p><p>ECUADOR • ♂; “ Guayaquil: Reist./ 38678/ 1405/ foveolatus Harold. ”; GMFNB .</p><p>Non-type material examined (4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀)</p><p>ECUADOR • 1 ♀; L.W. Saylor leg.; ex-Gonzalo Halffter Salas; IEXA. – Guayas • 1 ♂; 40 km SW of Guayaquil; elev. 50 m; 21–22 Feb. 1981; B.D. Gill leg.; TAMU. – Manabí • 1 ♂, El Aromo, La Fabril; 16 May 2010; W. Chamorro leg; feces; CEMT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.763336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.763336/lat -1.4716667)">Machalilla</a>; 1°28′18″S, 80°45′48″W; elev. 30 m; 17 Mar. 1999; C. Rivadeneira leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.67583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0394444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.67583/lat -1.0394444)">vicinity of Montecristi</a>; 01°02′22″ S, 80°40′33″ W; 8–9 Feb. 2003; B.D. Streit leg.; pitfall human dung; TAMU .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Ecuador, Guayas, Isla Puná.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Dry forests and shrublands of southwestern Ecuador, from 0 to 50 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F8059611FF94B94CFDE018FA669E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
03B6F805960EFF90B95BFE861F8A6277.text	03B6F805960EFF90B95BFE861F8A6277.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanaeus arnaudorum Bordin & Arias-Buriticá & Maldaner & Vaz-De-Mello 2026	<div><p>Phanaeus arnaudorum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FEF361C8-1CE1-419D-B62B-FB8E76F26E11</p><p>Figs 1C, 22C–D, 23B, D, F, 24B, D, 25B, 26B, D, F, H</p><p>Non Phanaeus achilles (error) – d’Olsoufieff 1924: 40, 97 (in part). — Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1967: 574 (in part). — Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 197. — Streit 2008: 8.</p><p>Non Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles (error) – Edmonds 1994: 1, 7, 25–26, 28 (in part). — Arnaud 2002: 88. — Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2012: 1, 7–8, 10–11, 37–38, 40 (in part). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2013 1–2 (in part). — Figueroa et al. 2014: 125, 127, 131, 136. — Chamorro et al. 2018: 97 (in part); 2019: 211–212 (in part).</p><p>Non Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles achilles (error) – Arnaud 2002: 88. — Carvajal et al. 2011: 320–321. — Krajcik 2012: 204. — Chamorro et al. 2019: 212.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: Anteromedial margin of clypeus weakly bidentate (Fig. 22C–D); major males with long cephalic horn curved over the pronotum (Figs 22C, 23B, 24B); pronotum bearing contrasted black elevations, variously and irregularly shaped (Figs 22C–D, 23B, F, 24B); anteromedial pronotal region of major males with two longitudinal curved carinae, each forming a pronotal tubercle, with the apices pointing upwards (Figs 23B, 24B, D); pronotum of females with anterior W-shaped carina (Fig. 23F); elytral striae punctate, basally impressed as distinct fossae (Fig. 22C–D); dorsum completely shiny metallic, green or bronze green (Figs 22C–D, 23B, D, F); black ventral color, or black with green reflections on the ventral portion of femora.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is dedicated to Alain (in memoriam), Patrick, Lydie (in memoriam), Florent and Audrey Arnaud and their descendants, in honor of their contributions to Scarabaeinae collections and taxonomy, and strong friendship to one of us for so many years.</p><p>Type material (59 ♂♂, 39 ♀♀)</p><p>Holotype ECUADOR • ♂; El Oro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.14333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.5733333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.14333/lat -3.5733333)">Arenillas</a>; 3°34′24″ S, 80°08′36″ W; elev. 13 m; 15 Jun. 2012; D. Marín leg.; pitfall dung; CEMT.</p><p>Paratypes ECUADOR – El Oro • 29 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MGCB • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; CPFA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 3 km S of Arenillas; elev. 50 m; 26 May 2002; Curoe leg.; CEMT . – Loja • 1 ♂; Catamayo; 16 Oct. 2005; F. Ohs leg.; TAMU • 1 ♂; Cazaderos; TAMU • 1 ♀; Cantón Zapotillo, Ceiba Chica; 17 Mar. 2018; T. Atocha leg.; LOUNAZ • 1 ♀; Guachanamá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.816505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.116111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.816505/lat -4.116111)">Sabanilla</a>; 4°06′58″ S, 79°48′59.4″ W; elev. 800 m; 8 Mar. 2021; W. Chamorro leg.; pitfall hum dung; LOUNAZ • 11 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀; Loja, ex Abbé Gaujon; MNHN • 1 ♂; Loja; ac: 22623; L.W. Saylor leg.; ex-Gonzalo Halffter Salas; IEXA .</p><p>PERU – Pasco • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Oxapampa; elev. 1800 m; ex Le Moult; CPFA . – Piura • 1 ♀; Ayabaca, C.C. Samanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.45833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.7044444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.45833/lat -4.7044444)">Sector Espíndola</a>; 4°42′16″ S, 79°27′30″ W; elev. 2847 m; 16 Feb. 2009; D. Saavedra leg.; CEMT . – Tumbes • 3 ♂♂; Canovitas; PN Cerros de Amotape; Feb. 1995; CPFA • 1 ♂; Tumbes; 16 May 2007; D. Ramírez leg.; CEMT .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Ecuador, El Oro, Arenillas.</p><p>Description</p><p>Major male (holotype)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length 20 mm. Width 12.4 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Anteromedial margin of clypeus weakly bidentate with striated sculpture (Fig. 22C). Cephalic horn black, long, curved posteriorly over the pronotum, occupying central third of total width of head (Figs 22C, 23B, 24B). Bright green on paraocular area and posterior portion of clypeus (Fig. 22C). Paraocular ridge distinct, extending along the entire lateral margin of eyes (Fig. 22C).</p><p>PRONOTUM. Bright green, with irregularly black elevations over the whole disc (Fig. 22C). Anteromedial region with two longitudinal curved carinae, each forming a posterior tubercle (Figs 23B, 24B, D). Posterior angles expanded upwards and backwards, the apices of which are curved towards center of pronotum (Fig. 23B). Posteromedial fossae rounded (Fig. 22C). Pronotal punctures strong, more visible on anterior and lateral portions (10 × magnification).</p><p>ELYTRA. Bright green, striae punctate, basally impressed as distinct fossae (Fig. 22C). Interstriae with punctures (10× magnification) evenly spaced over the entire surface (Fig. 1C).</p><p>METAVENTRITE. Completely black with strong punctures (10 × magnification). Tip of anteromedial prominence triangular.</p><p>PYGIDIUM. Bright green with strong punctures over the whole surface (Fig. 23D).</p><p>ENDOPHALLITES. ME with a large tab, given triangular appearance in dorsal and ventral view; margins of tab almost straight with a lateral acute angle (Fig. 26D). AE, in dorsal view, triangular, with concave lateral margins; left margin with lateral projection near the apex (Fig. 26F). SRP with rounded left margin and tapered left portion (dorsal view) (Fig. 26H).</p><p>Variation</p><p>Male sizes: length 14–22 mm; width 9–12 mm. Female sizes: length 17–22 mm; width 9.8–12 mm. Females: head with a transversal carina. Middle of the cephalic carina with two elevations, giving a bituberculate appearance in frontal view (Fig. 23F); anterior carina of pronotum W-shaped in frontal view (Fig. 23F); oval posteromedial pronotal fossae (Fig. 22D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Dry forests and mountains in extreme northwest of Peru and the southwest of Ecuador, from 13 to 1210 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27).</p><p>Taxonomic discussion</p><p>The external morphology and the parameres of P. achilles and P. arnaudorum sp. nov. are very similar (Figs 22, 25). However, in addition to the difference in coloration — P. achilles being currant red with green sheen, and P. arnaudorum being green or bronze green — these species also differ in the shape of the medial and additional endophallites (Fig. 26C–F). Furthermore, the anterolateral pronotal fossae are larger in major males of P. arnaudorum compared to P. achilles and the pronotal tubercles of major males are smaller in P. arnaudorum than in P. achilles (Fig. 24C–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6F805960EFF90B95BFE861F8A6277	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro;Arias-Buriticá, Jorge;Maldaner, María Eduarda;Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.	Bordin, Bruna Ribeiro, Arias-Buriticá, Jorge, Maldaner, María Eduarda, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. (2026): Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus chalcomelas species group and a description of the new Phanaeus achilles species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). European Journal of Taxonomy 1080: 1-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1080.3310, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3310/14554
