identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B687A0D451FFEBFDB8AF3EFA842FBB.text	03B687A0D451FFEBFDB8AF3EFA842FBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola Cameron 1881	<div><p>Genus Sierola Cameron, 1881</p><p>Key to the Sierola of Australia</p><p>Species that are intermediate or ambiguous for characters are keyed out multiple times, which should make it broadly functional. Some of these are easily identifiable by unique combinations of characters, despite being intermediate in many of those used to separate major groupings. A multi-access DELTA key, including all other described species, is also included (Supp. file 3). The following may be used as a shortcut to major sections of the key. The ‘unusual species’ at the beginning are heterogeneous and will need to be run through for those unfamiliar with the group, but possess various distinctive characters that make them stand out from typical Bethylinae .</p><p>Bristle-like vertex and gena setae .................. 2</p><p>Very unusual species .................................... 14</p><p>Clypeus large ............................................... 24</p><p>Head flat dorsally</p><p>Body strongly compressed ........................ 42</p><p>Body not unusually compressed ............... 63</p><p>Head convex dorsally</p><p>Basal wing cells glabrous ......................... 99</p><p>Basal wing cells setose</p><p>Mandible reddish brown to yellow ..... 130</p><p>Mandible black ................................... 150</p><p>1. With 2–3 vertex and gena setae very elongate, thick, and conspicuous, about three times as long as frons setae (Figs 4C, 141A, 208); metasomal sternites 3–6 each with a pair of long, thin setae near posterior margin (often broken off; Figs 141C, 208C), often all tergites with smooth but distinct microreticulation; basal wing cells usually very densely setose, with at least five rows of setae in cell R (Fig. 6A) ................................................................................................................................. 2</p><p>– Vertex and gena setae shorter, usually similar to frons setae (Fig. 4A), if elongate and conspicuous then only about twice as long as frons setae and/or not conspicuously thickened, and row of long setae present along vertex crest (often broken; Fig. 4B); other characters variable but basal wing cells rarely very densely setose, at most 3–4 rows of setae in cell R (Fig. 6B–F) .................................. 13</p><p>2. Distal portion of Rs not meeting anterior wing margin (Fig. 6B); antennal scrobes converging but usually not joined, clypeus with narrow flat-topped ridge anteriorly, sometimes very narrow and appearing carinate (Figs 54A, 56A, 148A) ....................................................................................... 3</p><p>– Vein Rs joining anterior wing margin; antennal scrobes always narrowing to sharp clypeal carina apically, or with continuous sharp dorsal carina (Figs 73A, 166A) ................................................. 8</p><p>3. Clypeus dorsally slightly concave in profile, lacking any carina between and posterior of antennal sockets (Fig. 189A); mandible narrow, apical third pale; fore wing distinctly infuscate in a transverse band between parastigma and apex of Rs (Qld) ........................................... S. subcontracta sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus dorsally flat with a low carina, extending posteriorly between antennal sockets (Figs 148A, 156A); mandible moderately narrow, all black; fore wing variable, if infuscate then usually weakly so (distinct in S. pericontracta sp. nov.) ........................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Anterior surface of clypeal ridge distinctly flat, somewhat broad (Fig. 56A, D); frons setae distinctly elongate, nearly twice as long as flagellum width; frons punctation dense anteriorly, sparser posteriorly; head narrower, WH/LH ~0.80, posterior corners strongly rounded off (WA) ................ ............................................................................................................................ S. contracta sp. nov.</p><p>– Anterior clypeal ridge flat on close inspection but narrow, may appear carinate (Figs 54A, 148A); frons setae shorter, about as long as flagellum width or slightly longer; frons punctation dense and even; head broader, WH/LH ~0.90, posterior corners more distinct ................................................ 5</p><p>5. Ocellar triangle right; lateral ocelli slightly but distinctly separated from vertex crest; occipital margin narrowly rounded; head slightly deeper, DH/LH ~0.57 (WA) .................... S. pericontracta sp. nov.</p><p>– Ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest; occipital margin carinate; head slightly more compressed, DH/LH ~0.54 ................................................................................ 6</p><p>6. Anterior clypeal ridge narrow but distinctly flat (Fig. 148A); malar space distinct, about 1/4 as long as base of mandible (SA) ............................................................................ S. paracontracta sp. nov.</p><p>– Anterior clypeal ridge very narrow, appearing carinate at low magnification, flat surface visible only on close inspection; malar space very small, about 1/6 as long as base of mandible ........................ 7</p><p>7. Clypeus in profile evenly curved (Fig. 54B); fore wing entirely hyaline (NSW) ........................... .......................................................................................................................... S. confecta sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus in profile high, strongly arched (Fig. 152B); fore wing infuscate distal of basal wing cells (WA) ................................................................................................. S. parallela sp. nov.</p><p>8. Long setae of vertex and gena yellow-brown (Fig. 209) .................................................................. 9</p><p>– Long setae of vertex and gena black (Fig. 208) ...............................................................................11</p><p>9. Clypeal carina distinct anteriorly but low dorsally, merged onto frons anterior of antennal sockets; head broad, WH/LH ~0.92; metasoma with smooth but distinct microsculpture on all terga (Qld) .. ................................................................................................................................... S. vulsa sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeal carina thin, laminate, continuous posterior of antennal sockets; head narrow, WH/LH 0.76– 0.83; metasoma with at least T1–3 mostly polished, lacking microreticulation except laterally ....... ......................................................................................................................................................... 10</p><p>10. Mandible, anterior clypeus, and legs yellow; metasoma entirely polished dorsally (Qld) ............. .................................................................................................................... S. dolichothrix sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible, anterior clypeus, and coxae and femora black; metasoma with T4–5 microreticulate medially, at least on anterior half (SA) ................................................................. S. reburra sp. nov.</p><p>11. Head strongly convex dorsally, ventrally with moderately dense pubescence, genal angle prominent, DH/LH&gt;0.62, WH/LH&gt; 1.06; clypeus triangular, apex pointed; vertex broadly, shallowly concave in dorsal view; propodeum with broad median polished strip (Qld) .................................................. ............................................................................................................... S. nigrisetae sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head weakly convex dorsally, ventrally evenly rounded, with sparse pubescence, DH/LH &lt;0.58, WH/LH &lt;0.92; clypeus semicircular, apex rounded; vertex nearly straight in dorsal view; propodeum without polished area ...................................................................................................................... 12</p><p>12. Frons microsculpture finely reticulate, somewhat shining; frons punctation somewhat open, 2–3 pit widths apart; basal wing cells moderately densely setose, about three rows of setae in each (Tas, SA, also New Zealand) ....................................................................................... S. vibrissata Ward, 2013</p><p>– Frons microsculpture scutellate, individual cellules shining but reticulation strong so appearing dull at low magnification; frons with close punctures, 1 pit width apart or less; basal wing cells very densely setose, about five rows of setae in each (WA) ................................... S. vibrissoides sp. nov.</p><p>13. Clypeus dorsally with a distinct, high, sharp carina ......................................................................... ...........................................................................not covered in this work (three described species, S. angulata (Muesbeck, 1933), S. ellingtoni Gordh, 1998, and S. websteri Ashmead, 1901, go here)</p><p>– Clypeus without a strong, sharp carina: dorsally flat, rounded, angulate, weakly carinate, or if carinate, carina low, not conspicuous or strongly raised, distinct only when viewed down its length, or largely flat dorsally converging to a sharp carina at apex, or bifurcate (Fig. 2) ......................... 14</p><p>14. Head yellow dorsally anterior of middle of inner eye margin and over entire ventral surface; head round, wider than long and moderately deep, WH/LH ~1.11, DH/LH ~0.60, vertex slightly convex (Fig. 210A); mandible yellow, moderately narrow at base and strongly broadened towards apex; clypeus very short, almost transverse, in profile weakly sloping dorsally and nearly vertical distally (WA) ................................................................................................................... S. xanthops sp. nov.</p><p>– Head black, not appearing strongly rounded in dorsal view, vertex almost always straight or concave, not convex (except S. circularis sp. nov.); head rarely wider than long and moderately deep and rarely mandible yellow, never in combination; clypeus in profile rarely vertical distally ........................ 15</p><p>15. Frons with dense, very deep, regular punctures between antennae and middle of inner eye margin, abruptly sparser posteriorly (Fig. 185A); head ventrally with dense pubescence, setae longer posteriorly; OOL/WOT &lt;1.00 (Tas) ................................................................... S. stichtops sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons punctation variable but never with such deep, dense punctation anteriorly and sparser posteriorly; head usually sparsely setose ventrally, if pubescent then never with long setae posteriorly; OOL/WOT variable but usually&gt;1.00 ........................................................................................... 16</p><p>16. Head ventrally posterior of mandibles strongly concave in lateral view, genal angle distinct and slightly pointed anterior (Fig. 173B); frons minutely colliculate between eyes, coriaceous posteriorly, punctation obscured by microsculpture (WA) .............................................. S. scaphogenia sp. nov.</p><p>– Head ventrally posterior of mandibles flat or convex in lateral view, genal angle broadly rounded or absent, head convex ventrally; frons microsculpture variable but rarely colliculate anteriorly and coriaceous posteriorly ..................................................................................................................... 17</p><p>17. Propodeum elongate and narrow, disc from base to transverse carina slightly longer than width at base and much longer than width at declivity, coarsely rugulose; propodeum&gt;0.4 length of entire mesosoma; clypeus broadly transverse apically, flat dorsally, in profile evenly sloping or slightly concave; head narrow and compressed, WH ~0.75, DH/LH ~0.47; profemur extremely narrow, FL/ FW 2.45–2.75 (NSW) ............................................................................... S. sphenocephala sp. nov.</p><p>– Propodeum never elongate and narrow, disc usually shorter than width at declivity; if rarely propodeum&gt;0.4 length of entire mesosoma then wide and sculpture finer; other characters not in combination .................................................................................................................................... 18</p><p>18. Clypeus weakly carinate dorsally, abruptly cut off distally, apex in profile nearly vertical or slightly angled back (Fig. 203A–B) ............................................................................................................. 19</p><p>– Clypeus not abruptly cut off distally, in profile curved or sloping anterior to apex even if transversely truncate in dorsal view; if shortly cut off in profile, then moderately elongate and semicircular in dorsal view ...................................................................................................................................... 20</p><p>19. Mandible concave ventrally, narrowed just beyond base and broadened medially, slightly constricted again near teeth (Fig. 89D); basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose; head short posterior of eyes, EV/ HE 0.50–0.75; frons somewhat narrow, WF/HE ~0.90; cell 2R1 2.5–3 times as long as wide (Qld) ............................................................................................................................... S. gudang sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible constricted near base, gradually broadened toward apex (Fig. 203D); basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous; head long posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.80–1.05; WF/HE ~1.2; cell 2R1 less than twice as long as wide (WA, SA, NT) ........................................................... S. truncata sp. nov.</p><p>20. Clypeus with two low carinae (Figs 27D, 32D) ............................................................................. 21</p><p>– Clypeus with single carina (or at least median carina present), or none ........................................ 23</p><p>21. Clypeal carinae widely separated, subparallel beyond basal fork (Fig. 27D); mandible somewhat convex outwardly but not strongly twisted; vein Rs not reaching anterior wing margin, cell 2R1 not closed; basal wing cells with several rows of setae; profemur broad, much less than twice as wide as long (NSW) ..................................................................................................... S. aulacifrons sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeal carinae narrowly separated, evenly diverging from a single ridge basally (Fig. 32D); mandible strongly twisted on apical half; vein Rs reaching anterior wing margin, cell 2R1 closed; basal wing cells nearly glabrous; profemur not strongly broadened, about twice as wide as long .... ......................................................................................................................................................... 22</p><p>22. Frons with visible microreticulation but generally smooth and shining; clypeus in profile elongate, apex strongly acute (NSW, ACT, SA) .............................................................. S. bicarinata sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons distinctly coriaceous; clypeus in profile evenly curved, not so elongate, not strongly acute at apex (WA) ................................................................................................................. S. bifida sp. nov.</p><p>23. Clypeus enlarged, parallel-sided or elongate trapezoidal, apically truncate, semicircular, or emarginate (Figs 33A, 48A, 62A, 120A, 160A, 172A) .................................................................................... 24</p><p>– Clypeus normal, not projecting far beyond closed mandibles: rounded triangular, semicircular, semi-elliptical, or very short .................................................................................................................... 40</p><p>24. Clypeus with distinct low carina ..................................................................................................... 25</p><p>– Clypeus dorsally flat or convex, without trace of carina except sometimes faintly at base ........... 31</p><p>25. Clypeus broadly truncate or emarginate apically; mandible conspicuously twisted; propodeal disc medially microreticulate and lacking carina; metasomal sternites 4–6 each with at least one pair of long setae, usually two (often broken off) ...................................................................................... 26</p><p>– Clypeus rounded apically; mandible not or only slightly twisted; propodeal disc medially with a carina or polished area; setae of metasomal sterna variable but without more than one pair of elongate setae, usually absent or only present on S5 .................................................................................... 28</p><p>26. Clypeus broadly truncate apically; transverse propodeal carina absent (SA) ...... S. uniloba sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus emarginate apically, divided into two rounded lobes; transverse propodeal carina at least faintly present ................................................................................................................................. 27</p><p>27. Clypeal margins flat, surface with many fine carinulae radiating from median carina (Fig. 33D); lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their length; propodeal transverse carina distinct; metasoma with faint but distinct microsculpture over all terga; vein Rs joining anterior wing margin (SA) .......................................................................................................................... S. biloba sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus bounded by carinae forming a triangular enclosure, inside mostly smooth aside from low median carina (Fig. 62D); lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by less than their length; propodeal transverse carina faint, hardly differentiated from other striae; metasoma polished, with faint microsculpture only laterally; vein Rs not reaching anterior wing margin (WA, SA, Vic) ........ ............................................................................................................................... S. cuneata sp. nov.</p><p>28. Frons broad, WF/HE&gt;1.0; propodeum with median polished strip extending from base to declivity; metasomal sternites lacking long setae; A3 at least slightly longer than wide; vein Rs strongly curved and meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle (Tas) ............................. S. macrorhina sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons narrow, WF/HE ~0.8; propodeum with anterior triangular polished area or at faint median carina; metasomal S5 with a pair of long setae; A3 about as long as wide or wider; vein Rs ending short of wing margin ....................................................................................................................... 29</p><p>29. Clypeus irregularly rugulose lateral of low median carina; ocellar triangle weakly obtuse to right, OOL/WOT 1.05–1.30; head laterally angulate, with rounded carina between eye and vertex; mandible narrower, slightly narrowed medially; propodeum with triangular polished area on basal 1/3 (Qld). .................................................................................................................... S. cirrata sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Clypeus not rugulose lateral of median carina; ocellar triangle strongly acute, OOL/WOT&gt;1.55; head laterally convex between eye and vertex; mandible broader, parallel-sided; propodeum with median carina, without polished area ............................................................................................. 30</p><p>30. Mandible reddish brown to orange, slightly twisted; malar space very small, indistinct; profemur predominantly yellow except dorsal margin, meso- and metafemora brown; median propodeal carina faint; small, LM &lt;0.70 (Qld, NSW) ...................................................... S. allithoros sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible black, not twisted; malar space distinct, about 1/3 as long as basal mandible width; all femora dark brown to black; median propodeal carina distinct; larger, LM&gt;0.75 (SA, ACT) ......... ......................................................................................................................... S. campanula sp. nov.</p><p>31. Clypeus elongate trapezoidal, distinctly narrowed towards apex, apex truncate, dorsally convex (Figs 164A, 167A); head laterally posterior of eye flat with a broad area of tesselate microsculpture extending to vertex ......................................................................................................................... 32</p><p>– Clypeus parallel-sided, apex rounded or quadrate and broadly truncate, usually flat dorsally (sometimes basal portion convex); head posterior of eye variable, usually convex with narrow strip of tesselate microsculpture extending to vertex .............................................................................. 33</p><p>32. Frons microsculpture smooth to polished; vertex and genal setae elongate, conspicuous, erect and directed anterior; basal wing cells sparsely setose; head broader, WH/LH 0.84–0.90, OOL/WOT 1.00–1.30; T3–6 punctate with moderately long setae; S4–6 each with one or two pairs of very long, dark setae (NSW/ACT, Qld, Vic, SA) ............................................................ S. proboscidis sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons with coriaceous to finely microreticulate sculpture; vertex and genal setae similar to and only slightly longer than those of frons; basal wing cells densely setose; head narrower, WH/LH 0.77– 0.83, OOL/WOT 1.60–1.90; metasoma punctate laterally but without conspicuous setation (Tas) .. ................................................................................................................................ S. redacta sp. nov.</p><p>33. Clypeus quadrate, basal portion narrowly elevated and convex (Figs 48D, 50D) ......................... 34</p><p>– Clypeus evenly flat across its width or very broadly convex (Figs 158D, 171D) .......................... 35</p><p>34. Apical portion of clypeus abruptly flat and polished; head narrow, WH/LH 0.76–0.81, more quadrate in dorsal view, parallel-sided immediately posterior of eyes; vein Rs reaching wing margin, cell 2R1 closed; propodeum with broad polished median strip from base to declivity (NSW, ACT, Vic, SA) ................................................................................................................................ S. claniae sp. nov.</p><p>– Convex median ridge of clypeus broadening and extending to apex, dull and microreticulate; head broader, WH/LH 0.84–0.89, more circular in dorsal view, narrowed immediately posterior of eyes; vein Rs not reaching wing margin, cell 2R1 open; propodeum lacking median polished area (NSW, ACT) ................................................................................................................... S. clavicula sp. nov.</p><p>35. Frons with minutely colliculate microsculpture at least between eyes, obscuring punctation; clypeus in profile straight, evenly sloping; head moderately long posterior of eyes, EV/HE&gt; 0.60 (Qld) ..... ......................................................................................................................... S. planirostris sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, punctation distinct; clypeus curved, or if mostly straight then flattened at apex, slightly concave; head short posterior of eyes, EV/HE usually &lt;0.60 ....... 36</p><p>36. Clypeus in profile nearly straight, slightly flattened or upturned at apex, overall slightly concave, finely punctate (Fig. 172B); vertex in dorsal view straight; basal wing cells densely setose ......... 37</p><p>– Clypeus in profile convexly curved, highly polished, nearly impunctate except at apex (Fig. 171D); vertex in dorsal view at least slightly concave; basal wing cells sparsely setose to glabrous ........ 38</p><p>37. Clypeus elliptic, slightly constricted at junction with head (Fig. 137A); head in lateral view weakly convex dorsally and ventrally; gena concave, ventral margin distinctly reflexed and carinate; ocellar triangle weakly obtuse, lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by less than an ocellus length; propodeum with transverse carina distinct but median carina absent, with short basal triangular polished area; vein Rs not reaching wing margin (SA) .......................................... S. nasuta sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus broadly joined to head, not narrowed basally (Fig. 172A); head in lateral view strongly convex dorsally, genal angle prominent ventrally, DH/LH 0.53–0.57; gena normal, without a reflexed margin; ocellar triangle very strongly acute, lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length; median carina of propodeum present, distinct, transverse carina only weakly present laterally (ACT) .................................................................................................... S. sarculata sp. nov.</p><p>38. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose; frons broad, distinctly wider than eye length, WF/HE 1.2– 1.3; ocellar triangle weakly acute to right; propodeum medially with a narrow polished strip (Vic) ................................................................................................................................... S. koala sp. nov.</p><p>– Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous; frons only slightly wider than eye length, WF/HE 1.0–1.1; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; propodeum medially with a broad polished strip ........................ 39</p><p>39. Mandible black, broader (Fig. 160D); head generally more compressed, DH/LH 0.44–0.47; ocellar triangle generally narrower, OOL/WOT 0.95–1.15 (NSW, Tas) ................. S. platyrhyncha sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible reddish brown to orange, narrow (Fig. 171D); head generally deeper, DH/LH 0.46–0.49; ocellar triangle generally broader, OOL/WOT 0.80–1.00 (Qld) .......................... S. samiata sp. nov.</p><p>40. Head in lateral view nearly flat dorsally, flat to weakly convex ventrally (Figs 53B, 127B, 136B, 200B) .............................................................................................................................................. 41</p><p>– Head in lateral view slightly to strongly convex dorsally, variable ventrally; if very weakly convex dorsally then strongly convex ventrally (Figs 18B, 29B, 94B, 111B) ............................................ 98</p><p>41. Mesosoma flattened, DM/LM &lt;0.33 (Figs 53C, 93C); head flat, DH/LH &lt;0.48, and often broad, WH/LH&gt;0.84, narrow in some species (0.52–0.82); ocellar triangle variable, often weakly acute to obtuse .............................................................................................................................................. 42</p><p>– Mesosoma not distinctly flattened, DM/LM&gt; 0.33; head depth and width variable but WH/LH &lt;0.86 except in S. planifrons sp. nov., often DH/LH&gt; 0.48; ocellar triangle always acute (usually strongly) except in S. gingera sp. nov. ........................................................................................................... 63</p><p>42. Head extremely thin, DH/LH 0.22–0.33, ventrally nearly glabrous posterior of mandibles; frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining ................................................................................... 43</p><p>– Head not so extremely compressed, DH/LH 0.35–0.48, ventrally sparsely but distinctly setose posterior of mandibles; frons microsculpture variable, often coriaceous to dull and granular ...... 44</p><p>43. Head and body exceedingly thin, DM/LM 0.15, DH/LH 0.22–0.26; mandible very narrow, including at base; vertex slightly convex in dorsal view (Qld) .......................................... S. mirabilis sp. nov.</p><p>– Head and body not so thin, DM/LM 0.25, DH/LH 0.29–0.32; mandible moderately narrow, distinctly concave ventrally; vertex more or less straight in dorsal view (Tas) ........................ S. exilis sp. nov.</p><p>44. Ocellar triangle strongly acute, lateral ocelli always distinctly separate from vertex (Figs 53A, 93A); head long posterior of eyes, OOL/WOT usually&gt; 1.90, often&gt;2.20 ............................................ 45</p><p>– Ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse, lateral ocelli usually nearly touching vertex (except in S. furtiva sp. nov., Figs 19A, 22A); head shorter posterior of eyes, OOL/WOT 1.10–1.75 ........... 55</p><p>45. Head extremely long and narrow, WH/LH ~0.52, EV/HE ~1.50, WF/HE &lt;0.9 (Tas) ....................... ........................................................................................................................... S. cylindrica sp. nov.</p><p>– Head width variable but not extremely long and narrow, WH/LH 0.70–0.95, EV/HE &lt;1.30, WF/ HE ≥ 1.0 .......................................................................................................................................... 46</p><p>46. Frons only moderately broad, WF/HE 0.95–1.15 or less, rarely to 1.18 ........................................ 47</p><p>– Frons very broad, WF/HE&gt; 1.20, usually&gt;1.30 ............................................................................ 51</p><p>47. Basal wing cells densely setose (Fig. 6A–B); margin of vertex slightly concave in dorsal view, narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli ............................................................................................... 48</p><p>– Basal wing cells sparsely setose to nearly glabrous (Fig. 6E–F); vertex straight, not carinate posterior of ocelli ........................................................................................................................................... 49</p><p>48. Legs entirely yellow; mandible tinged with reddish brown; head narrower and more compressed, WH/LH 0.75–0.79, DH/LH 0.42–0.44, OOL/WOT 2.35–2.65; profemur not so narrow, FL/FW 2.10– 2.30 (Qld) ......................................................................................................... S. intermedia sp. nov.</p><p>– Coxae and meso- and metafemora dark brown to black; mandible black; head slightly broader and deeper, WH/LH 0.80–0.84, DH/LH 0.47–0.48, OOL/WOT 2.05–2.15; profemur very narrow, FL/ FW 2.50–2.55 (Tas) ............................................................................................ S. lacertella sp. nov.</p><p>49. Mandible weakly convex outwardly, not twisted, moderately narrow; head nearly flat ventrally, depth in lateral view almost even; lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by less than an ocellus length (WA, Qld) ........................................................................................................... S. augustus sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible slightly twisted, not convex outwardly, moderately broad; head weakly but distinctly convex ventrally, deeper ventral of posterior margin of eye than near mandible; lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their length ........................................................................... 50</p><p>50. Mandible reddish brown, broadest at apex; clypeus in profile steep and short, distinctly curved, slightly recurved ventrally; metafemur broad, HFL/HFW &lt;2.40 (NSW) ................. S. miltos sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible black, becoming broadest at 2/3 length; clypeus in profile steeply sloping, nearly straight ventrally; metafemur narrow, HFL/HFW&gt;2.40 (Tas) ............................. S. solitaria sp. nov., in part</p><p>51. Clypeus in profile strongly rounded and recurved at apex (Fig. 53B) or evenly sloping (Fig. 147B), dorsally weakly carinate or nearly flat with only a trace of a carina .............................................. 52</p><p>– Clypeus in profile evenly curved from base to apex (Figs 61B, 126B), dorsally with a low carina. ........................................................................................................................................................ 53</p><p>52. Clypeus in profile strongly rounded and recurved at apex; frons microreticulate and extremely dull, appearing velvety (Qld) .................................................................................... S. compressa sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight; frons dull and granular but not velvety (WA, ACT) ......................................................................................................... S. paracompressa sp. nov.</p><p>53. Coxae and femora dark brown to black; mandible nearly flat outwardly, only weakly convex; frons microsculpture coriaceous (WA) ........................................................................... S. crowea sp. nov.</p><p>– At least femora predominantly yellow; apical half of mandible semicylindrical, teeth on dorsal and distal surfaces; frons microsculpture dull, granular ........................................................................ 54</p><p>54. Legs all yellow; posterior margin of cell 1M distinctly convex, corner medioapical; ocellar triangle strongly acute, OOL/WOT 1.75–1.95 (WA) ............................................ S. medialis sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Coxae and dorsal margins of femora brown; posterior margin of cell 1M weakly convex, corner posteroapical; ocellar triangle very strongly acute, OOL/WOT 2.00–2.20 (NSW). .......................... ......................................................................................................................... S. desertorum sp. nov.</p><p>55. Mandible reddish brown; basal wing cells sparsely setose to nearly glabrous; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; metafemur very broad, HFW/HFL ~1.8 ............................................................................. 56</p><p>– Mandible black; basal wing cells variable, sparsely to densely setose; ocellar triangle usually weakly obtuse to weakly acute (somewhat strongly obtuse in S. specularis sp. nov.); metafemur variable .. ......................................................................................................................................................... 58</p><p>56. Vertex carinate posterior of ocelli; basal wing cells nearly glabrous; frons narrow, WF/HE 0.80–0.90; mandible not strongly convex outwardly (NT) .................................................. S. apimelos sp. nov.</p><p>– Vertex not carinate posterior of ocelli; basal wing cells sparsely setose; frons broad, WF/HE&gt;1.00; mandible distinctly convex outwardly ............................................................................................ 57</p><p>57. Posterior corners of head distinct, appearing quadrate in dorsal view; punctures of frons somewhat dense, in transverse rows, area around median ocellus mostly impunctate, setae appearing bristly in lateral view; vertex and gena setae long and conspicuous; head narrower, WH/LH 0.75–0.83 (SA) ........................................................................................................................... S. amputator sp. nov.</p><p>– Posterior corners of head strongly rounded off, appearing more ovate in dorsal view; punctures of frons moderately sparse, 2–3 pit widths apart; vertex and gena setae longer than those of frons but not conspicuous; head broader, WH/LH 0.85–0.93 (Qld) ................................ S. megamera sp. nov.</p><p>58. Head narrow, WH/LH &lt;0.76, EV/WF&gt;0.85 ................................................................................. 59</p><p>– Head broader, WH/LH&gt;0.80, EV/WF &lt;0.85 ................................................................................ 60</p><p>59. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly concave ventrally; frons microsculpture coriaceous; head shorter posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.85–1.05; basal wing cells densely setose (NSW) ....................... ................................................................................................................. S. antipoda Ashmead, 1901</p><p>– Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided; frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining; head longer posterior of eyes, EV/HE 1.00–1.20; basal wing cells sparsely setose (WA) ... ................................................................................................................................ S. scutula sp. nov.</p><p>60. Basal wing cells sparsely setose (sometimes intermediate, with a few extra setae); mandible distinctly convex outwardly on apical half; A3 distinctly wider than long .................................................... 61</p><p>– Basal wing cells densely setose; mandible flat or weakly convex outwardly; A3 about as wide as long ................................................................................................................................................. 62</p><p>61. Lateral ocelli distinctly separated from vertex crest, ocellar triangle weakly acute; frons microsculpture dull to coriaceous; OOL/WOT 1.55–1.75; cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, evanescent R and M veins arising from same point (ACT) .................................... S. furtiva sp. nov.</p><p>– Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest, ocellar triangle obtuse; frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, somewhat shining; basal wing cells densely setose; OOL/WOT 1.60–1.90; cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, origins of evanescent R and M veins separate (NT) ........................... ........................................................................................................................... S. specularis sp. nov.</p><p>62. Clypeus in profile evenly curved to apex; legs entirely yellow (Qld) ........... S. setosipennis sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus in profile strongly rounded and recurved at apex; coxae and femora brown (SA, WA) ... ................................................................................................................. S. trachycephala sp. nov.</p><p>63. Head about as wide as long, WH/LH 0.96–1.00 (Fig. 157A); clypeus distinct and somewhat prominent, semicircular (Qld) .......................................................................... S. planifrons sp. nov.</p><p>– Head distinctly longer than wide, WH/LH &lt;0.92; clypeus short, semi-elliptical to transverse and inconspicuous, broadly rounded to truncate apically ..................................................................... 64</p><p>64. Frons broad, WF/HE&gt;1.15, usually&gt;1.20; head at least moderately broad, WH/LH ≥ 0.74; often large species, LM&gt;1.00 mm .......................................................................................................... 65</p><p>– Frons narrow, WF/HE &lt;1.15, usually &lt;1.05, or if somewhat broad ( S. elongata sp. nov.) then head very narrow, WH/LH &lt;0.72; usually small species, LM &lt;1.00 mm .............................................. 77</p><p>65. Mandible bright yellow; clypeus in profile elongate, evenly curved, strongly acute at apex (Qld) ................................................................................................................................. S. lapis sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible reddish brown to black; clypeus in profile variable but not elongate, weakly acute to obtuse at apex ............................................................................................................................................. 66</p><p>66. Clypeus flat, without a trace of a carina, in profile steep and short, nearly straight (Fig. 176A–B); mandible strongly elbowed in ventral view (SA) ........................................................ S. sila sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus with a low carina or weakly carinate, in profile distinctly curved; mandible weakly to evenly curved in ventral view .................................................................................................................... 67</p><p>67. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex by about twice an ocellus length or more (Figs 127A, 131A) ......................................................................................................................................................... 68</p><p>– Lateral ocelli separated from vertex by about an ocellus length or less (Figs 68A, 126A) ............ 72</p><p>68. Ocelli far anterior, separated from vertex by length of ocellar triangle or more; head laterally angulate between eye and vertex; legs all yellow (WA, NSW) ................................. S. megacephala sp. nov.</p><p>– Lateral ocelli separated from vertex by about twice an ocellus length; head laterally evenly convex between eye and vertex; coxae and femora brown ......................................................................... 69</p><p>69. Mandible almost parallel-sided, ventral margin only slightly concave near base; basal wing cells glabrous; head narrow, WH/LH ~0.76, WF/HE ~1.30; smaller, LH ~ 0.70 mm (SA) ........................ ............................................................................................................................. S. minorata sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible strongly concave ventrally; basal wing cells variable; head and frons usually broader; larger, LH&gt; 0.80 mm ...................................................................................................................... 70</p><p>70. Mandible reddish brown, abruptly constricted near base and gradually broadened apically; basal wing cells nearly glabrous (Qld) .................................................................................... S. capitata sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible black, ventral margin broadly narrowed medially and broadened apically; basal wing cells sparsely setose ................................................................................................................................ 71</p><p>71. Head ventrally sparsely to moderately setose, without dense pubescence (Fig. 109B); head in lateral view slightly concave between eye and ocelli; vertex slightly but distinctly concave (WA) ............. ............................................................................................................... S. leeuwinensis Turner, 1915</p><p>– Head ventrally covered with short, even, very dense pubescence (Fig. 187B); head in lateral view flat between eye and ocelli; vertex more or less straight in dorsal view (Tas) .... S. stipulata sp. nov.</p><p>72. Basal wing cells sparsely setose; head deep, DH/LH 0.53–0.57; OOL/WOT 1.60–1.80 (NSW) .. ............................................................................................................... S. limitata sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Basal wing cells densely setose; head usually more compressed, DH/LH 0.44–0.54; OOL/WOT 1.90–2.40 ........................................................................................................................................ 73</p><p>73. Clypeus in lateral view somewhat elongate, distinctly curved or straight and apical angle acute (Figs 68B, 126B); cell 2R1 short, about 2.5 times as long as wide, distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved into anterior wing margin .................................................................................................... 74</p><p>– Clypeus in lateral view steep and short, slightly curved or nearly straight (Figs 103B 107B, 112B); cell 2R1 elongate, over 3 times as long as wide, distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight where it meets anterior wing margin ............................................................................................................ 75</p><p>74. Occipital margin carinate posterior of ocelli, broadly rounded laterally; lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their length; wing membrane somewhat infuscate; coxae, femora, and antennae except basoventrally dark brown (NSW, Tas) .................................................... S. disjuncta sp. nov.</p><p>– Occipital margin rounded, not carinate posterior of ocelli; lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by less than an ocellus length; wing membrane hyaline; legs and antennae entirely bright yellow (WA) .................................................................................................................. S. medialis sp. nov., in part</p><p>75. Mandible not twisted, only weakly convex outwardly, distinctly reddish brown to orange; femora broad, FL/FW ~1.95–2.15, HFL/HFW ~2.10–2.30 (Qld) ................................... S. latifrons sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible slightly twisted and convex outwardly, black or only slightly reddish brown; femora narrow, FL/FW ~2.30–2.60, HFL/HFW ~2.40–2.90 ...................................................................... 76</p><p>76. Head clearly flat dorsally in lateral view; clypeus in profile steep and curved; mesosoma somewhat compressed, DM/LM ~0.33 (Tas) .......................................................... S. lacertella sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head slightly convex dorsally in lateral view; clypeus in profile nearly straight sloping; mesosoma deeper, DM/LM ~0.42 (Tas, Vic) ........................................................ S. leptadelpha sp. nov., in part</p><p>77. Mandible yellow, narrow, distinctly concave ventrally; legs all yellow (Qld) ...... S. tropica sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible reddish brown to black, moderately broad to broad, often not or only weakly concave ventrally; coxae and femora brown to black except in S. longifacies sp. nov. ............................... 78</p><p>78. Head narrowed posterior of eyes, posterior corners strongly rounded, and moderately broad, WH/ LH 0.79–0.87 (Fig. 31A); occipital margin carinate posterior of ocelli (Vic) .................................... ................................................................................................................... S. bidawal sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head parallel-sided posterior of eyes, posterior corners broadly rounded but somewhat square, width variable but usually narrow, WH/LH ≤ 0.79 (Figs 75A, 136A); occipital margin usually broadly rounded, rarely carinate posterior of ocelli ..................................................................................... 79</p><p>79. Ocellar triangle strongly obtuse, lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex; vertex and gena setae elongate and conspicuous, nearly twice as long as frons setae (ACT) ................... S. gingera sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Ocellar triangle acute, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest; vertex and gena setae sometimes longer than frons setae but not conspicuous ................................................................. 80</p><p>80. Head deep, DH/LH 0.57–0.61; frons dull, granular; clypeus in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight (NT) ................................................................................................................... S. namatjira sp. nov.</p><p>– Head not so deep, DH/LH 0.45–0.55; frons variable but usually somewhat shining, finely microreticulate; clypeus variable, often curved .............................................................................. 81</p><p>81. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex by more than their length; mandible at least slightly twisted, not strongly convex outwardly ............................................................................................................. 82</p><p>– Lateral ocelli at most separated from vertex by an ocellus length; mandible variable but often either distinctly convex outwardly or nearly flat and not twisted ............................................................. 84</p><p>82. Head somewhat quadrate in dorsal view, not extremely elongate, WH/LH ~0.78, OOL/WOT ~1.95, EV/HE ~1.08, and somewhat deeper, DH/LH&gt; 0.49; mandible slightly twisted, somewhat concave ventrally; vertex more or less straight in dorsal view; propodeum microreticulate medially, lacking a polished strip, transverse carina distinct (WA) ................................................ S. tractuosa sp. nov.</p><p>– Head very long and narrow, WH/LH 0.62–0.70, OOL/WOT&gt; 2.40, EV/HE&gt; 1.20, and more compressed, DH/LH &lt;0.48; mandible either strongly twisted or convex outwardly; vertex slightly concave in dorsal view; transverse carina very faint or absent ....................................................... 83</p><p>83. Clypeus in profile recurved ventrally; mandible convex outwardly, moderately broad and distinctly concave ventrally; head very long posterior of eyes, EV/HE&gt;1.45, OOL/WOT&gt;2.80; head more compressed, DH/LH 0.39–0.43 (NT) .................................................................. S. elongata sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus in profile evenly sloping; mandible strongly twisted, broad and parallel-sided; head not so extremely elongate or compressed, EV/HE 1.20–1.40, OOL/WOT 2.40–2.60, DH/LH 0.44–0.48 (Qld) ..................................................................................................... S. longifacies sp. nov., in part</p><p>84. Clypeus in profile elongate, apex strongly acute (Figs 106B, 122B) ............................................. 85</p><p>– Clypeus in profile short, steeply curved, blunt and recurved, or straight (Figs 52B, 55B) ............ 87</p><p>85. Clypeus in profile straight sloping, in dorsal view trapezoidal, apex truncate; mandible strongly twisted, flat and in line with slope of clypeus in lateral view when closed (NSW) ...... S. maculicola sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus in profile distinctly curved, in dorsal view semicircular to rounded triangular, apex rounded; mandible strongly convex outwardly or only slightly twisted ........................................................ 86</p><p>86. Head in lateral view narrowed anteriorly, much deeper posterior of eye than at anterior eye margin; mandible moderately narrow, parallel-sided, outwardly strongly convex; vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than those of frons; vertex not carinate posterior of ocelli; basal wing cells very densely setose; vein Rs ending remote from wing margin, cell 2R1 open (Qld) ............................... ............................................................................................................................... S. adducta sp. nov.</p><p>– Dorsal and ventral margins of head almost parallel in lateral view, head scarcely deeper posterior of eye than at anterior eye margin; mandible moderately broad, slightly concave ventrally, slightly twisted; vertex narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli; basal wing cells mostly glabrous, cell R with apical setae; vein Rs meeting wing margin, cell 2R1 closed (NSW) ...................... S. latens sp. nov.</p><p>87. Ocellar triangle very strongly acute, distinctly narrower than equilateral (Fig. 71A); head compressed, DH/LH 0.40–0.44; frons microsculpture dull, granular (Qld) ........................... S. dolichops sp. nov.</p><p>– Ocellar triangle strongly acute, approximately equilateral (Fig. 52A); head not so compressed, DH/ LH 0.46–0.54; frons coriaceous to smooth ..................................................................................... 88</p><p>88. Mandible strongly convex or slightly angulate outwardly, second ventral tooth prominent (Fig. 12D); side of head with a line of distinct, tesselate microsculpture extending from eye to vertex crest; vertex often carinate posterior of ocelli or at least with faint rugulae ....................................................... 89</p><p>– Mandible more or less flat or weakly convex outwardly, second ventral tooth not prominent; side of head posterior of eye without differentiated coarse microsculpture; vertex never carinate posterior of ocelli ........................................................................................................................................... 91</p><p>89. Clypeus semi-elliptical, apex distinctly rounded; mandible distinctly concave ventrally; head shorter posterior of eye, EV/HE &lt;1.00 (SA) ............................................................. S. adelaidensis sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus short and transverse, apex truncate; mandible weakly concave ventrally; head longer posterior of eye, EV/HE ≥ 1.00 ....................................................................................................... 90</p><p>90. Vertex carinate posterior of ocelli; frons coriaceous, distinctly dull; basal wing cells with sparse setae scattered irregularly; head slightly deeper, DH/LH ~0.52 (Vic) ...................... S. comparata sp. nov.</p><p>– Vertex not or indistinctly carinate posterior of ocelli; frons finely microreticulate, somewhat shining; basal wing cells each with a single row of setae, that of cell R broadly interrupted medially; head more compressed, DH/LH ~0.48 (Vic) ................................................................ S. paractia sp. nov.</p><p>91. Mandible distinctly broader on apical half than at basal articulation, slightly twisted; eye large relative to frons and posterior head, EV/HE 0.81–0.85, WF/HE 0.78–0.81; fore wing with posterior margin of cell 1M distinctly convex, corner medioapical, cell 2R1 short and broad, less than twice as long as wide (Vic) .................................................................................. S. euryops sp. nov. in part</p><p>– Mandible sometimes narrowed medially but not broader at apex than at basal articulation, usually not twisted; eye small, head elongate posteriorly, EV/HE&gt;0.90, WF/HE&gt; 0.88 (usually&gt; 0.95); fore wing with posterior margin of cell 1M weakly convex, corner posteroapical, cell 2R1 elongate, over twice as long as wide (usually much more) .................................................................................... 92</p><p>92. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest; basal wing cells nearly glabrous (Qld) ........................... .......................................................................................................................... S. marginalis sp. nov.</p><p>– Lateral ocelli distinctly separated from vertex crest in dorsal view; basal wing cells at least slightly setose ............................................................................................................................................... 93</p><p>93. Head very narrow and elongate, WH/LH 0.66–0.69 (Figs 51A, 55A) ........................................... 94</p><p>– Head broader, WH/LH 0.70–0.79 (Figs 40A, 81A) ....................................................................... 96</p><p>94. Clypeal carina low but prolonged posteriorly to about 1/3 eye height (Fig. 51A); mandible broad, not narrowed from base, not twisted (Qld) ................................................................... S. collina sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeal carina not prolonged posteriorly, indistinct posterior of toruli (Fig. 55A); mandible moderately broad, at least slightly narrowed just distad of base, slightly twisted (Qld) ................ 95</p><p>95. Posterior corners of head strongly rounded off (Fig. 55A); lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their length (Qld, NSW?) .......................................................... S. confinis sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Posterior corners of head somewhat squared (Fig. 69A); lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by much less than their length (Tas) ................................................................... S. disseminata sp. nov.</p><p>96. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their length; mandible slightly twisted; femora narrow, FL/FW&gt;2.20, HFL/HFW&gt;2.50; antenna elongate, A3 distinctly longer than wide (Tas)... .................................................................................................................. S. solitaria sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by much less than their length; mandible not twisted; femora broader, FL/FW &lt;2.20, HFL/HFW &lt;2.30; antenna short, A3 about as long as wide ........ 97</p><p>97. Mandible reddish brown, not twisted; head ventrally with moderately dense pubescence; transverse carina of propodeum faintly present (Qld) ............................................................ S. ficicola sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible black, slightly twisted; head ventrally with sparse pubescence; transverse carina of propodeum absent (Qld) ....................................................................................... S. carruca sp. nov.</p><p>98. Basal wing cells nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae (Fig. 6F) .................................. 99</p><p>– Basal wing cells sparsely to densely setose, at least one distinct row of setae or patch near apex of cell R present (Fig. 6A–E) ............................................................................................................ 128</p><p>99. Mandible yellow; profemur extremely broad, FL/FW ~1.6–1.7; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; transverse propodeal carina distinct, strong; cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical (Qld) .............................................................................................................. S. magnifemur sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible orange-brown to black; profemur not so broad, FL/FW&gt; 1.75, usually&gt; 1.90; ocellar triangle weakly obtuse to strongly acute; transverse propodeal carina usually absent, at most faintly indicated; cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical ............................................ 100</p><p>100. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave, with a distinct protuberance between lateral ocelli (Qld, ACT) ...................................................................................................... S. torovertex sp. nov.</p><p>– Vertex in dorsal view sometimes slightly concave but never with a protuberance between lateral ocelli ........................................................................................................................................... 101</p><p>101. Head extremely narrow and long posterior of eyes, WH/LH 0.62–0.70, EV/HE 1.20–1.40, OOL/ WOT 2.35–2.65 (Fig. 118A); mandible broad, strongly twisted; ocellar triangle very strongly acute, lateral ocelli separated from vertex by more than their length; legs all yellow; propodeum with a broad polished strip from base to declivity (Qld) .............................. S. longifacies sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head broader and shorter posterior of eyes, WH/LH&gt; 0.79, EV/HE &lt;1.05, OOL/WOT &lt;1.90; mandible sometimes strongly twisted but narrow; lateral ocelli separated from vertex by less than ocellus length; coxae and femora brown to black; propodeum variable but often with a narrow polished strip or only a short triangular basal area ..................................................................... 102</p><p>102. Head very broad, nearly as wide as long or wider than long, WH/LH 0.95–1.03 ...................... 104</p><p>– Head narrow to moderately broad, always distinctly longer than wide, WH/LH &lt;0.92 ............ 107</p><p>103. Metasoma bright yellow (Fig. 84C); clypeus very short, almost transverse, truncate apically; frons microsculpture colliculate; ocellar triangle strongly acute (NSW) ................ S. flavicauda sp. nov.</p><p>– Body entirely black; clypeus sometimes short but distinctly projecting, semi-elliptical to triangular, rounded or pointed apically; frons microsculpture smooth to finely microreticulate; ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse ................................................................................................................ 104</p><p>104. Head deep, DH/LH 0.59–0.63; dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex; clypeus in profile steep and short; frons narrow, WF/HE ~0.9, with moderately dense, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart, sometimes denser near antennae, microsculpture coriaceous (Vic, ACT) .................. ........................................................................................................................... S. terrestris sp. nov.</p><p>– Head not so deep, DH/LH 0.50–0.55; dorsum of head in lateral view weakly to moderately convex; clypeus in profile evenly curved; frons with sparse, scattered punctures, 3 pit widths apart or more, with microreticulation visible but smooth, shining, width variable but often WF/HE&gt;1 ......... 105</p><p>105. Eyes smaller and head longer posterior, EV/HE 0.65–0.75, OOL/WOT 1.30–1.50; ocellar triangle right; postgenal depression deep, distinct, broad; propodeum microreticulate medially; legs entirely yellow (NT) ....................................................................................................... S. pandani sp. nov.</p><p>– Eyes distinctly large, head short posterior, EV/HE 0.35–0.50, OOL/WOT &lt;1.20; ocellar triangle obtuse; postgenal depression weak or absent; propodeum with a broad polished strip from base to declivity; coxae and femora dark brown to black ....................................................................... 106</p><p>106. Mandible black; clypeus weakly carinate or with a blunt, rounded carina; malar space very small, almost absent (Qld) ............................................................................... S. lissonota sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible orange to reddish brown; clypeus evenly convex dorsally, without any trace of carina or ridge; malar space distinct, about 1/3 as long as width of mandible base; cell 1M elongate triangular, posterodistal corner extended into a point (Tas, ACT) ............................... S. mucronervis sp. nov.</p><p>107. Clypeus in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight, or if slightly curved then elongate and apex strongly acute (Figs 76B, 98B) ................................................................................................... 108</p><p>– Clypeus in profile distinctly curved, apex weakly acute to obtuse (Figs 38B, 82B) ...................118</p><p>108. Clypeus flat dorsally, no trace of carina; mandible strongly twisted .......................................... 109</p><p>– Clypeus raised dorsally, weakly carinate or with low carina; mandible not or slightly twisted, sometimes bent ventrad near base ...............................................................................................112</p><p>109. Head weakly convex ventrally and compressed, DH/LH 0.47–0.51; vein Rs joining anterior wing margin (WA) ....................................................................................................... S. kalarku sp. nov.</p><p>– Head ventrally with a broadly rounded genal angle, or if evenly convex then DH/LH&gt;0.52; vein Rs not reaching anterior wing margin .........................................................................................110</p><p>110. Head strongly convex in lateral view, distinctly round in dorsal view, posterior corners strongly rounded off, vertex convex; lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest, ocellar triangle weakly acute; propodeum with basal median polished triangular area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity (Qld) ............................................................................. S. circularis sp. nov.</p><p>– Head moderately convex in lateral view, more or less triangular in dorsal view, posterior corners somewhat rounded but distinct, vertex slightly concave; lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest, ocellar triangle weakly obtuse; propodeum with narrow median polished strip extending from base to declivity or entirely microreticulate ........................................................................................111</p><p>111. Metafemur very broad, HFL/HFW &lt;2.00; propodeum entirely microreticulate dorsally; clypeus apex very broadly rounded or truncate (NSW) ......................................... S. causia sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Metafemur narrower, HFL/HFW&gt; 2.00; propodeum with polished median strip extending to declivity; clypeus apex evenly curved, not appearing truncate (Qld, NSW) ...... S. erugata sp. nov.</p><p>112. Clypeus irregularly rugulose lateral of low median carina; propodeum with triangular polished area on basal 1/3; head laterally angulate, with rounded carina between eye and vertex; head narrow, WH/LH ~0.70; ocellar triangle weakly obtuse to right, OOL/WOT 1.05–1.30; vein Rs not reaching anterior wing margin (Qld) ...................................................................... S. cirrata sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Clypeus not rugulose lateral of median carina; propodeum either lacking polished area or with broad polished strip from base to declivity; head convex laterally between posterior eye margin and occiput; other characters variable but not in above combination ................................................113</p><p>113. Head strongly flattened and long posterior of eyes, DH/LH ~0.41, EV/HE ~0.90; clypeus triangular, apex pointed (Fig. 8A); frons sparsely punctate, about 3 pit widths apart; occipital margin carinate; profemur narrow but metafemur broad, FL/FW ~2.50, HFL/HFW ~1.95 (NSW) .......................... .......................................................................................................................... S. acrobeles sp. nov.</p><p>– Head not so flattened, DH/LH&gt;0.50, EV/HE &lt;0.80; clypeus rounded triangular to semi-elliptical, blunt apically; frons moderately to densely punctate between eyes (rarely appearing impunctate due to microsculpture); occipital margin rounded; profemur much broader, FL/FW &lt;2.15, always broader than metafemur ...............................................................................................................114</p><p>114. Vein Rs apically not reaching anterior wing margin (Fig. 6A, D); mandible moderately broad; head weakly convex dorsally, nearly flat between eye and ocelli in lateral view, and narrow, WH/LH 0.70–0.76; ocellar triangle strongly acute; antenna short, A3 only as long as wide or wider .....115</p><p>– Vein Rs apically joining anterior wing margin (Fig. 6A, C, E–F); mandible narrow; head more strongly convex, evenly curved dorsally, and usually broader, WH/LH&gt;0.76; ocellar triangle weakly acute to weakly obtuse; A3 at least slightly longer than wide. .......................................116</p><p>115. Mandible reddish brown to orange, slightly twisted; malar space very small, indistinct; profemur predominantly yellow except dorsal margin, meso- and metafemora brown; median propodeal carina faint; small, LM &lt;0.70 (Qld, NSW) ......................................... S. allithoros sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible black, not twisted; malar space distinct, about 1/3 as long as basal mandible width; all femora dark brown to black; median propodeal carina distinct; larger, LM&gt;0.75 (SA, ACT) ....... ........................................................................................................... S. campanula sp. nov., in part</p><p>116. Head moderately convex dorsally; malar space distinct, at least 1/3 as long as base of mandible; vertex crest slightly concave in dorsal view; lateral head posterior of eye with somewhat smoothly reticulate sculpture, only faintly tesselate; propodeum with broad median polished strip from base to declivity (ACT) ..................................................................................................... S. acta sp. nov.</p><p>– Head strongly convex dorsally; malar space very small, nearly absent; vertex crest straight; lateral head posterior of eye with broad area of coarse tesselate-colliculate sculpture; propodeum lacking median polished area ...................................................................................................................117</p><p>117. Mandible distinctly tapered between base and midpoint, narrowing again to apex in lateral view due to strong twist (Fig. 21D); frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, punctation distinct; head evenly convex ventrally and more compressed, DH/LH 0.50–0.54 (NSW) .................................... .......................................................................................................... S. ancognatha sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible only weakly and indistinctly narrowed between base and midpoint, twisted at apex but not appearing narrowed in lateral view (Fig188D); frons smoothly scutellate anteriorly, minutely colliculate posterior of eyes, largely obscuring punctation; head slightly angulate ventrally and deeper, DH/LH 0.55–0.59 (Tas, ACT) .................................................... S. strigula sp. nov., in part</p><p>118. Occipital margin carinate posterior of ocelli, broadly rounded laterally; transverse carina of propodeum faintly present; head compressed, DH/LH 0.48–0.52 ..............................................119</p><p>– Occipital margin rounded, including posterior of ocelli; transverse carina of propodeum usually absent; head depth variable ......................................................................................................... 120</p><p>119. Clypeus weakly carinate or with rounded carina; side of head evenly convex between eye and vertex; OOL/WOT 1.35–1.55; profemur narrow, FL/FW&gt;2.10 (Tas) ....... S. badiorostris sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus with low but sharp carina; side of head distinctly angulate, with a rounded carina from eye to vertex; OOL/WOT 1.05–1.25; profemur moderately broadened, FL/FW &lt;2.10 (SA) ................ ........................................................................................................................ S. kimseyana sp. nov.</p><p>120. Head long posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.85–1.20, OOL/WOT 1.90–2.50; frons broad, WF/HE&gt; 1.1; ocellar triangle strongly acute, lateral ocelli separated from vertex by about their own length; mandible moderately broad, weakly concave ventrally ............................................................. 121</p><p>– Head short posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.25–0.75, OOL/WOT 0.85–1.35; frons narrow, WF/HE always &lt;1.10, usually &lt;0.90; mandible distinctly concave ventrally, width variable but not so broad; ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse, lateral ocelli usually nearly touching vertex, if separate then by less than an ocellus length ............................................................................... 122</p><p>121. Cell 1M triangular, Rs connecting in middle; mesosoma normal, not flattened, and head deeper, DH/LH 0.50–0.54; OOL/WOT 2.00–2.25; propodeum with a very narrow, slightly raised, polished median line, transverse carina faintly present laterally (WA, SA) ................... S. aphelops sp. nov.</p><p>– Cell 1M elongate, Rs connecting near distal end; mesosoma flattened and head compressed, DH/LH 0.44–0.48; OOL/WOT 2.25–2.50; propodeum without a median carina or polished area, transverse carina absent (NSW) .................................................................................. S. miltos sp. nov., in part</p><p>122. Fore wing distinctly infuscate (Fig. 82C); apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly; OOL/ WOT ~1.40; propodeum lacking median polished area (NSW) ............................ S. filicis sp. nov.</p><p>– Fore wing hyaline, at most faintly tinged with yellow; mandible weakly convex outwardly or slightly twisted; OOL/WOT &lt;1.25; propodeum variable but usually with a polished area (except in S. peras sp. nov.) ..................................................................................................................... 123</p><p>123. Head deep, DH/LH ~0.61, strongly convex ventrally; head with patches of orange color near eye, along medial margin and anteroventral corner (sometimes faint; Fig. 92B); propodeum with triangular median polished area on posterior 2/3, broadest posteriorly (Tas) ....... S. infecta sp. nov.</p><p>– Head not so deep, DH/LH ≤ 0.58, moderately to weakly convex ventrally; head entirely black; propodeum with median polished area, if present, either parallel-sided and extending full length or triangular on anterior 1/3, broadest anteriorly ............................................................................. 124</p><p>124. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining; lateral ocelli often distinctly separate from vertex, ocellar triangle variable; vertex in dorsal view slightly concave; propodeum with broad polished median strip from base to declivity (faintly microreticulate from some angles) ......... 125</p><p>– Frons microsculpture coriaceous; lateral ocelli always nearly touching vertex, ocellar triangle right to obtuse; vertex in dorsal view straight; propodeum with basal triangular polished area, extending only about 1/3 length of disc ....................................................................................................... 126</p><p>125. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex, ocellar triangle obtuse; head deepest beneath posterior margin of eye; head laterally angulate, with rounded carina between eye and vertex; pronotal disc distinctly flattened in lateral view, setae short, inconspicuous; metafemur broad, HFL/HFW 1.75–2.15 (Qld) ...................................................................................................... S. lissonota sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex, ocellar triangle acute; head deepest beneath eye; head laterally convex or flat between eye and vertex; pronotal disc slightly convex in lateral view, setae at least as long as flagellar width; metafemur not so broad, HFL/HFW&gt; 2.15 (SA, Vic, ACT) ...... ....................................................................................................................... S. carinifrons sp. nov.</p><p>126. Head compressed, DH/LH 0.50–0.54; mandible mostly orange-brown, basal third black; S6 evenly covered with short, anteriorly-directed setae (SA) ........................................... S. porticola sp. nov.</p><p>– Head deeper, DH/LH&gt;0.56; mandible predominantly black, sometimes discolored with orange-brown medially; S6 glabrous medially, with somewhat sparse setae laterally ........................... 127</p><p>127. Mandible moderately narrow, evenly curved in ventral view; head ventrally with relatively sparse setae; frons broad, WF/HE ~1.00; head usually longer posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.55–0.75 (WA) ................................................................................................................................. S. peras sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible moderately broad, distinctly elbowed in ventral view; head ventrally with moderately dense setae; frons broad, WF/HE 0.80–0.90; head usually shorter posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.40– 0.50 (Qld) ....................................................................................................... S. lemniscata sp. nov.</p><p>128. Clypeus with low median carina basally, becoming indistinct on apical projection which has numerous fine irregular lateral rugulae; apex of Rs not quite meeting anterior margin of fore wing; vertex and gena setae not strongly differentiated (Qld) ........................... S. cirrata sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Clypeus variable but always smooth laterally, never rugulose; apex of Rs usually joining anterior margin of fore wing .................................................................................................................... 129</p><p>129. Mandible reddish brown to yellow ............................................................................................. 130</p><p>– Mandible black (rarely reddish to yellow at apex) ..................................................................... 150</p><p>130. Clypeus in profile rounded and recurved at apex (Figs 91B, 193B) .......................................... 131</p><p>– Clypeus in profile evenly curved or straight, apex slightly to strongly acute (Figs 96B, 113B, 116B, 198B) .......................................................................................................................................... 133</p><p>131. Mandible very narrow, including at base, slightly bent ventrad near middle; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; genal angle distinct, broadly rounded; clypeus dorsally rounded, lacking carina or angle; anterior margin of pronotum strongly angulate in lateral view, pronotal disc slightly convex (Tas, ACT) ............................................................................................................ S. stenognatha sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible moderately narrow, distinctly concave ventrally, not bent; ocellar triangle weakly acute to right; genal angle absent, head weakly convex ventrally ....................................................... 132</p><p>132. Head in dorsal view more rounded, distinctly narrowed posterior of eyes, and broader, WH/LH ~0.88, OOL/WOT ~1.10 (Fig. 91A), laterally angulate between posterior eye margin and occiput (NSW) ................................................................................................................... S. helena sp. nov.</p><p>– Head in dorsal view more quadrate, somewhat parallel-sided posterior of eyes, and narrower, WH/LH ~0.79, OOL/WOT ~1.40 (Fig. 193A), laterally convex between posterior eye margin and occiput (Tas) ..................................................................................... S. terpsilithus sp. nov., in part</p><p>133. Profemur extremely narrow, FL/FW&gt;2.70, narrower than metafemur; mandible flat to weakly convex outwardly; A3 elongate, more than 1.5 times as long as wide (Qld) ................................... ....................................................................................................................... S. tenuifemur sp. nov.</p><p>– Profemur weakly broadened but not so narrow, FL/FW &lt;2.65; apical half of mandible variable but often semicylindrical, strongly convex outwardly; A3 almost always less than 1.5 times as long as wide (except in S. trinalis sp. nov.) ............................................................................................ 134</p><p>134. Clypeus in profile evenly sloping, or if curved dorsally then short and steep overall (Figs 96B, 198B) .......................................................................................................................................... 135</p><p>– Clypeus in profile moderately elongate and distinctly, evenly curved (Figs 113B, 116B) ......... 137</p><p>135. Clypeus moderately large, elongate in profile, apex strongly acute; transverse carina of propodeum faintly present; mandible yellow to orange (Qld) ................................................ S. torulus sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus short, semi-elliptical or almost transverse, strongly curved in profile, apex right to weakly acute; transverse carina of propodeum absent; mandible color variable, often reddish brown to nearly black ................................................................................................................................. 136</p><p>136. Clypeus in profile short and curved; mandible strongly narrowed medially (Fig. 96D); OOL/WOT &lt;2.00; frons narrower, WF/HE &lt;1.20; metafemur broader, HFW/HFL &lt;2.40 (Qld) ..................... .............................................................................................................................. S. jubaris sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight; mandible moderately narrowed medially (Fig. 112D); OOL/WOT&gt;2.00; frons broader, WF/HE&gt; 1.20; metafemur narrower, HFW/HFL&gt;2.40 (Vic, Tas) ................................................................................ S. leptadelpha sp. nov., in part</p><p>137. Head parallel-sided and elongate posterior of eyes, EV/HE ~1.00; lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their length, ocellar triangle strongly acute; head more or less flat dorsally and ventrally, ventrally with moderately dense setae; basal wing cells sparsely setose (NSW) ............. ................................................................................................................. S. limitata sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head at least somewhat narrowed posterior of eyes and shorter, EV/HE &lt;0.85; lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by less than their length, ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse; head distinctly convex dorsally and ventrally, ventrally with sparse dense setae; basal wing cells variable but often densely setose. ............................................................................................................. 138</p><p>138. Clypeus dorsally flat or very weakly convex, not angulate or carinate; lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest; head moderately narrow and long posterior of eye, WH/LH 0.76–0.79, EV/HE 0.74–0.82 (Tas) ........................................................................... S. remota sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Clypeus dorsally at least angulate or weakly carinate; usually with lateral ocelli touching vertex crest and head broader, WH/LH ≥ 0.80, EV/HE &lt;0.75, never differing in more than one of these ... 139</p><p>139. Head not so deep, DH/LH 0.41–0.54; mandible more or less parallel-sided beyond base or weakly concave ventrally; head usually deepest beneath posterior margin of eye; basal wing cells variable, often sparsely setose ................................................................................................................... 140</p><p>– Head deep, DH/LH 0.54–0.65; mandible usually distinctly concave ventrally; head deepest in line drawn through eye; basal wing cells densely setose ................................................................... 144</p><p>140. Clypeus very short, almost transverse, apex broadly rounded or nearly truncate; propodeum with a narrow polished median strip from base to declivity, transverse carina faintly present laterally (SA) .................................................................................................................... S. littoralis sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus distinct, semi-elliptical to rounded triangular, apex rounded; propodeum without a median polished strip, transverse carina absent ...................................................................................... 141</p><p>141. Mandible slightly twisted, outwardly slightly curved so that ventral tooth slightly posterior of second; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; genal angle absent, head weakly convex ventrally (Qld) ...................................................................................................................... S. leptognatha sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible not twisted or distinctly convex outwardly; ocellar triangle weakly obtuse to right; genal angle distinct or head broadly convex ventrally ......................................................................... 142</p><p>142. Vein Rs not reaching anterior wing margin; malar space distinct, about 1/3 as long as mandible base; antenna longer, A3 slightly but distinctly longer than wide; vertex in dorsal view slightly concave (NSW, Tas) ................................................................................................ S. crinita sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Vein Rs reaching anterior wing margin, cell 2R1 closed; malar space very small; antenna shorter, A3 wider than long; vertex in dorsal view straight or slightly convex ....................................... 143</p><p>143. Basal wing cells sparsely setose; head strongly compressed, DH/LH 0.43–0.47; frons moderately punctate, 2–3 pit widths apart all over; vertex in dorsal view slightly convex, occipital margin carinate (Qld) ....................................................................................................... S. pumila sp. nov.</p><p>– Basal wing cells densely setose; head not so compressed, DH/LH 0.49–0.53; frons punctation dense near antennae, 2–3 pit widths apart posterior of midpoint of eyes; vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, occipital margin broadly rounded (Qld) .............................................. S. lophotes sp. nov.</p><p>144. Mandible moderately broad, ventral margin sinuate, slightly broadened medially and then narrowed at apex (Fig. 42B); ocellar triangle strongly obtuse, OOL/WOT &lt;0.90 (Qld) ................................. .................................................................................................................. S. cathetognatha sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible narrow to moderately narrow, ventral margin distinctly and evenly concave (Figs 151D, 206D); ocellar triangle weakly obtuse to acute, OOL/WOT usually&gt;1.15 ............................... 145</p><p>145. Frons moderately broad, WF/HE ≥ 1.10; mandible moderately narrow, apical half semicylindrical, strongly convex outwardly; malar space very small; head generally deeper, DH/LH 0.60–0.64 (Tas) .................................................................................................................... S. ustulata sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons narrow, WF/HE ≤ 1.00; mandible and malar space variable; head usually not so deep, DH/ LH 0.54–0.61 .............................................................................................................................. 146</p><p>146. Malar space nearly absent; head strongly convex ventrally; OOL/WOT&gt; 1.40 (Qld) ................ ...................................................................................................................... S. glutinata sp. nov.</p><p>– Malar space small but distinct, about 1/4 as long as base of mandible; head moderately convex ventrally; OOL/WOT &lt;1.40 ....................................................................................................... 147</p><p>147. Transverse carina of propodeum distinct, complete; metafemur broad, HFL/HFW 2.15–2.50; OOL/ WOT &lt;1.00 (Vic) ................................................................................................ S. trinalis sp. nov.</p><p>– Propodeum lacking transverse carina; metafemur narrow, HFL/HFW 2.50–2.90; OOL/WOT&gt; 1.15 ........................................................................................................................................... 148</p><p>148. Cell 2R1 distinctly narrow, more than 3.5 times as long as wide (Tas) ......... S. nesomeson sp. nov.</p><p>– Cell 2R1 typical, about 3 times as long as wide or less .............................................................. 149</p><p>149. Mandible dark reddish brown to nearly black (Fig. 94D); femora entirely dark brown to black; vertex not carinate posterior of ocelli (NSW, Tas) .............................................. S. intonsa sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible orange-yellow (Fig. 151D); coxae and femora pale brown; vertex carinate posterior of ocelli (Vic) ................................................................................................ S. paraglutinata sp. nov.</p><p>150. Head in lateral view somewhat curved ventrad anteriorly, concave posterior of mandible, thickness almost even, genal angle present posteriorly but not prominent (Fig. 45B); head compressed, DH/ LH 0.37–0.41 (Vic) .............................................................................................. S. cernua sp. nov.</p><p>– Head in lateral view not curved ventrad anteriorly, convex or flat posterior of mandible, or if slightly concave then distinctly deeper and convex posteroventrally; head depth variable but usually not so compressed ................................................................................................................................. 151</p><p>151. Mandible with deep ventral notch near base, broadened and club-like distally, strongly elbowed with median angle conspicuously protruding in dorsal view (Fig. 88A–B, D); anterior frons flat except faintly raised median line indicating clypeal base, carinate laterally posterior of antennal fossae; clypeus narrowed to sharp anterior carina (Tas) ....................................... S. glyphognatha sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible without deep ventral notch, broadly concave to parallel-sided in frontal view, rarely strongly elbowed; anterior frons usually at least slightly convex, lateral margin not carinate posterior of antennal fossa; clypeus variable but not forming a distinct sharp carina anteriorly .............. 152</p><p>152. Mandible massive, broad and strongly elbowed with basal and apical portions perpendicular in ventral view, median angle conspicuously protruding in dorsal view even when fully closed (Fig. 144A); head as wide or wider than long, WH/LH ~1.03; gena ventral of eye conspicuously concave, posteroventral margin carinate and distinctly reflexed (NSW) ..... S. opprimator sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible normal, more or less evenly curved in ventral view, not protruding anterolaterally when closed; head usually narrower, if rarely as wide as long then mandible distinctly narrow; gena convex to almost indistinctly concave, without reflexed margin ............................................... 153</p><p>153. Clypeus dorsally rostrate, narrowly rounded, prolonged back posterior of antennae as low carina; in profile strongly rounded and recurved, projecting well beyond ventral apex; vein Rs not reaching wing margin, cell 2R1 open (ACT) .................................................................... S. digitata sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus not as above, dorsally with a low carina, weakly carinate, broadly convex, or flat; rarely strongly rounded and recurved in profile, and if so not strongly projecting beyond ventral apex; vein Rs usually reaching wing margin ............................................................................................... 154</p><p>154. Clypeus very broadly transverse, broadened laterally anterior of antennal sockets (Figs 7A, 63A); ocellar triangle acute; occipital margin narrowly carinate between lateral ocelli; wing membrane at least slightly infuscate ................................................................................................................. 155</p><p>– Clypeus not broadened laterally, if apex truncate in dorsal view then process short and trapezoidal, apex narrower than space between antennal sockets; other characters variable, rarely both occipital margin narrowly carinate between lateral ocelli and wing membrane infuscate ........................ 156</p><p>155. Clypeus curved in profile, apex steeply cut off, nearly vertical (Fig. 7B); head moderately strongly convex ventrally and deeper, DH/LH ~0.57; basal wing cells mostly glabrous, cell R with patch of setae near apex, membrane tinged with yellow (Tas) ......................................... S. abrupta sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus somewhat elongate in profile, apex distinctly acute (Fig. 63B); head weakly convex ventrally, not as deep, DH/LH ~0.51; basal wing cells sparsely setose across their length, membrane distinctly infuscate (NSW) ............................................................................ S. curtirostris sp. nov.</p><p>156. Mandible unusual, sinuate in ventral view, bent inwards and conspicuously concave externally just past base, apical half convex and slightly swollen (Figs 58D, 177D) ........................................ 157</p><p>– Mandible not sinuate, evenly curved or straight at base and elbowed near middle ................... 158</p><p>157. Frons narrow, WF/HE &lt;1.0, OOL/WOT &lt;1.15, with median strip of elongated cellules between median ocellus and clypeus (Fig. 58A); head narrower and more compressed, WH/LH 0.86–0.92, DH/LH 0.54–0.58; lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest; coxae and femora predominantly yellow, pro- and metafemora tinged with brown medially; cell 2R1 longer, about 2.7 times as long as broad (Qld) ........................................................................................... S. corynognatha sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons broad, WF/HE&gt; 1.0, OOL/WOT&gt; 1.40, microsculpture more or less even, without differentiated median strip (Fig. 177A); head broader and deeper, WH/LH 0.91–0.95, DH/LH 0.58– 0.62; lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest; coxae and femora entirely dark brown; cell 2R1 short and broad, about 2.2 times as long as broad (NSW, Tas) .................... S. sinuata sp. nov.</p><p>158. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their length; mandible broad to moderately broad, parallel-sided or weakly concave ventrally, slightly twisted (Figs 13B, D, 55B, D); A3 about as long as wide or longer ............................................................................................................ 159</p><p>– Lateral ocelli close to vertex crest, nearly touching in dorsal view or at most separate by about half their length; mandible variable but usually not as above, if so then antenna short, A3 wider than long ............................................................................................................................................. 162</p><p>159. Head distinctly convex dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 13B), deeper and usually broader, DH/LH ~0.56–0.57, WH/LH 0.82–0.87; EV/WF &lt;0.80 ......................................................................... 160</p><p>– Head very weakly convex, nearly flat dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 55B), more compressed and at least moderately narrow, DH/LH 0.51–0.54, WH/LH &lt;0.82; EV/WF&gt;0.90 ............................ 161</p><p>160. Apical margin of clypeus evenly, broadly curved in dorsal view; frons coriaceous or slightly papillate, cellules distinctly convex at high magnification, somewhat dull; ocellar triangle narrower, OOL/WOT&gt; 1.75 (Tas) ...................................................................................... S. adversa sp. nov.</p><p>– Apical margin of clypeus broadly truncate in dorsal view, curved only at lateral margin; frons finely microreticulate, cellules more or less flat or very indistinctly convex, somewhat shining; ocellar triangle slightly wider, OOL/WOT &lt;1.75 (WA) ........................................ S. cremnophila sp. nov.</p><p>161. Head very narrow, WH/LH ~0.66; eyes not enlarged, frons relatively broad, WF/HE ~1.0; head elongate posterior of eye, EV/HE ~1.3; ocellar triangle very strongly acute, narrower than equilateral triangle (Qld, prob. NSW) ................................................... S. confinis sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head broader, WH/LH 0.79–0.81; eyes large and strongly convex medially, frons narrow, WF/HE 0.78–0.81; head shorter posterior of eye, EV/HE 0.81–0.85; ocellar triangle moderately strongly acute, about equilateral triangle (Vic) ..................................................... S. euryops sp. nov., in part</p><p>162. Clypeus in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight (Figs 31B, 122B), or if slightly curved then elongate and apical angle strongly acute (Fig. 21B) ................................................................... 163</p><p>– Clypeus in profile distinctly curved, apical angle slightly acute to slightly obtuse .................... 169</p><p>163. Frons highly polished, almost lacking visible microsculpture, with sparse, inconspicuous punctation, mostly over 3 pit widths apart; ocellar triangle strongly acute, lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex; head strongly convex ventrally; very small species, LFW ~1.00 mm, LM ~ 0.50 mm (Qld) ........... ...................................................................................................................... S. minutissima sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons sometimes smooth but at least with visible microreticulate pattern, often somewhat dull and coriaceous, with distinct punctation, 1–3 pit widths apart; if ocellar triangle strongly acute, lateral ocelli usually distinctly separate from vertex (variable); head moderately to weakly convex ventrally; larger species, LFW 1.40–2.40 mm, LM 0.70–1.15 mm ........................................... 164</p><p>164. Clypeus rounded triangular, apex pointed to narrowly rounded; head dorsally strongly convex, evenly curving to clypeus (Fig. 21) ............................................................................................ 165</p><p>– Clypeus short, semi-elliptical to transverse, apex very broadly rounded to truncate; head weakly convex dorsally, clypeus distinctly steeper than anterior of head in lateral view (Figs 31, 122) ..... ..................................................................................................................................................... 166</p><p>165. Mandible distinctly tapered between base and midpoint, narrowing again to apex in lateral view due to strong twist (Fig. 21B, D); frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, punctation distinct; head evenly convex ventrally and more compressed, DH/LH 0.50–0.54 (NSW) ............................ .......................................................................................................... S. ancognatha sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible only weakly and indistinctly narrowed between base and midpoint, twisted at apex but not appearing narrowed in lateral view (Fig. 188B, D); frons smoothly scutellate anteriorly, minutely colliculate posterior of eyes, largely obscuring punctation; head slightly angulate ventrally and deeper, DH/LH 0.55–0.59 (Tas, ACT) .................................................... S. strigula sp. nov., in part</p><p>166. Mandible broad, ventral margin hardly concave, outwardly flat and twisted in lateral view (NSW) ........................................................................................................... S. maculicola sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible moderately broad to moderately narrow, ventral margin distinctly concave, outwardly weakly to strongly convex, not twisted ...................................................................................... 167</p><p>167. Head somewhat deep and compact, DH/LH ~0.58, OOL/WOT ~1.37; ocellar triangle right, lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest; head evenly convex ventrally; propodeum with anterior and posterior median triangular polished areas, connected narrowly; basal wing cells sparsely setose (Tas) ................................................................................................................ S. amphilyke sp. nov.</p><p>– Head compressed and elongate, DH/LH 0.47–0.53, OOL/WOT&gt;1.70; ocellar triangle strongly acute, lateral ocelli distinctly separated from vertex crest; head weakly convex to nearly flat ventrally; propodeum without median polished area; basal wing cells densely setose .............. 168</p><p>168. Mandible not distinctly twisted or outwardly convex; posterior corners of head strongly rounded off; vertex narrowly carinate between lateral ocelli; OOL/WOT &lt;1.95 (Vic) ................................. ................................................................................................................. S. bidawal sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible twisted and/or convex outwardly in lateral view; posterior corners of head rounded but distinct; vertex not carinate between lateral ocelli; OOL/WOT&gt;2.00 (Tas, Vic) ............................ ........................................................................................................... S. leptadelpha sp. nov., in part</p><p>169. Head broad, WH/LH 0.94–0.97, ventrally slightly concave between mandible and genal angle; clypeus flat dorsally, without a trace of a carina; frons shining, microreticulation visible but smooth; basal wing cells sparsely setose; apex of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior margin of fore wing at oblique angle (Qld, Vic) ...................................................................... S. splendida sp. nov.</p><p>– Variable but above characters never occurring in combination: head usually narrower, WH/LH &lt;0.93, always ventrally flat or convex between mandible and deepest part of head, usually evenly convex between mandible and occiput, genal angle absent; clypeus often weakly carinate or with a low carina; frons usually with distinct texture, even if weak; basal wing cells variable, often densely setose ... 170</p><p>170. Vertex and gena setae elongate, about twice as long as frons setae, erect and conspicuous (Figs 34, 86, 192); clypeus dorsally convex, weakly carinate (angulate), or with a rounded carina, not sharp; mandible moderately narrow, parallel-sided or weakly concave ventrally ................................ 171</p><p>– Vertex and gena setae sometimes longer than those of frons but not erect and conspicuous, often similar; clypeus variable but often with a low, sharp carina; mandible variable, often different ..... ..................................................................................................................................................... 175</p><p>171. Ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; metasoma polished dorsally; basal wing cells densely setose; head flatter, DH/LH 0.45–0.54 ............................................................................................................ 172</p><p>– Ocellar triangle right to acute; metasoma with faint but visible microreticulation dorsally at least on apical tergites; basal wing cells variable; head usually deeper, DH/LH 0.51–0.59 ............... 173</p><p>172. Vein Rs joining wing margin, cell 2R1 closed; head posterior of eye with narrow line of tesselate sculpture; head flatter, DH/LH ~0.47 (ACT) .......................................... S. gingera sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Vein Rs ending before wing margin, cell 2R1 open distally; head posterior of eye broadly covered with colliculate sculpture, lacking differentiated tesselate line; head deeper, DH/LH ~0.52 (Tas) .............................................................................................................. S. regulus sp. nov., in part</p><p>173. Posterior corners of head somewhat quadrate (Fig. 34A); propodeum without median polished area; profemur narrow, metafemur very broad, FL/FW&gt;2.00, HFL/HFW &lt;2.00 (Qld) ......................... ........................................................................................................................ S. boggomoss sp. nov.</p><p>– Posterior corners of head strongly rounded (Fig. 192A); propodeum with median polished area at least basally; profemur usually broader, metafemur always narrower, FL/FW &lt;2.10, HFL/HFW&gt;2.00........................................................................................................................................... 174</p><p>174. Clypeus elongate trapezoidal, apex truncate, dorsal ridge broad, flat dorsal surface distinct; basal wing cells sparsely setose; cell 1M elongate triangular, posteroapical corner extended into point; propodeum with narrow median polished strip extending from base to declivity, transverse carina absent; metasomal S3–6 with elongate erect setae (Qld, Vic, NSW, ACT, SA) ............................... ........................................................................................................... S. proboscidis sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Clypeus semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded, dorsal ridge a rounded carina, without flat dorsal surface; basal wing cells densely setose; cell 1M short triangular, posteroapical corner not extended into point; propodeum with median polished area triangular, extending about 1/3 distance from anterior margin to declivity, transverse carina faintly present; metasomal sternites without elongate setae (Qld) ........................................................................................................... S. ternaria sp. nov.</p><p>175. Mandible strongly constricted just beyond articulation, narrowest at about 1/6 length from base, gradually broadened toward apex (Fig. 102B, D); frons microsculpture granular or colliculate between eyes, smoother posteriorly (Qld) ......................................................... S. kuranda sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible gradually narrowed medially and broadened toward apex, narrowest about 1/3 length from base, ventral margin sinuate; frons microsculpture more or less uniform from antennae to ocelli .. ..................................................................................................................................................... 176</p><p>176. Head distinctly elongate and parallel-sided or slightly broadening posterior to eye, EV/HE&gt;0.90, OOL/WOT 1.70–1.95, moderately narrow, WH/LH 0.67–0.83 ................................................. 177</p><p>– Head not elongate and parallel-sided posterior to eye, EV/HE &lt;0.90, OOL/WOT &lt;1.70, or if&gt; 1.90 then WH/LH&gt;0.83 ..................................................................................................................... 178</p><p>177. Head more or less flat ventrally, parallel-sided posterior of eyes in dorsal view, narrower and more compressed, WH/LH ~0.71, DH/LH ~0.49 (SA) ....................................... S. camptostega sp. nov.</p><p>– Head clearly convex ventrally, broadened posterior of eyes in dorsal view, wider and deeper, WH/ LH ~0.79, DH/LH ~0.54 (Vic) ..................................................................... S. cecidophila sp. nov.</p><p>178. Frons broad, WF/HE ≥ 1.15 ........................................................................................................ 179</p><p>– Frons not so broad, WF/HE &lt;1.15 ............................................................................................. 182</p><p>179. Head distinctly flattened in lateral view, ventrally nearly flat, DH/LH ~0.46; OOL/WOT&gt;1.90; mesosoma strongly compressed; metasomal sternites each with a pair of long erect setae (WA) ... .................................................................................................................. S. crowea sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head distinctly convex ventrally in lateral view, DH/LH 0.52–0.56; OOL/WOT &lt;1.80; mesosoma normal, not strongly compressed; metasomal sternites often without modified long erect setae ..... ..................................................................................................................................................... 180</p><p>180. Head much more convex ventrally than dorsally in lateral view, dorsally somewhat flat (Fig. 16B); frons microsculpture dull and granular; femora broad, FL/FW 1.75–1.95, HFL/HFW ~2.00 (Qld) ........................................................................................................................... S. alveolata sp. nov.</p><p>– Head clearly convex both dorsally and ventrally in lateral view, not flattened dorsally (Fig. 104B, 143B); femora narrow, FL/FW 2.08–2.40, HFL/HFW 2.35–2.55 .............................................. 181</p><p>181. Frons moderately punctate, mostly&gt;2 pit widths apart, setae only slightly longer than width of antennal flagellum, not appearing conspicuously setose; frons microsculpture coarsely colliculate, cellules large, convex and shining, partially obscuring punctation; vertex slightly concave in dorsal view; basal wing cells sparsely setose, cell R sometimes with extra setae (Tas) ............................. ............................................................................................................................ S. lacustris sp. nov.</p><p>– Frons more densely punctate, 1–2 pit widths apart, setae distinctly longer than width of antennal flagellum, appearing conspicuously hairy in lateral view; frons microsculpture finely granular, cellules small, creating a dull appearance; vertex straight in dorsal view; basal wing cells densely setose (Qld) ............................................................................................. S. ocellata sp. nov., in part</p><p>182. Head very deep, DH/LH 0.59–0.66 (usually&gt;0.61), strongly convex or slightly angulate ventrally, and broad, WH/LH&gt; 0.89; lateral ocelli usually separated from vertex crest............................. 183</p><p>– Head not so deep, DH/LH ≤ 0.58, rarely strongly convex ventrally; if DH/LH rarely to 0.61 then lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest and not so broad, WH/LH &lt;0.89 .............................. 186</p><p>183. Head very broad, as wide or wider than long, WH/LH 0.98–1.03, and short posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.30–0.40; mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided; propodeum with basal triangular polished area narrowing to median carina, transverse carina distinct (NSW, ACT, Vic, New Zealand) ................................................................................................. S. thorpei Magnacca, 2019</p><p>– Head broad but always distinctly longer than wide, WH/LH 0.89–0.95, slightly longer posterior of eyes, EV/HE 0.40–0.60; mandible width variable but ventral margin always distinctly concave; propodeum variable, sometimes with median carina but never with polished area, transverse carina absent or very weak .................................................................................................................... 184</p><p>184. Gena ventral of eye entirely coriaceous; ocellar triangle strongly acute, OOL/WOT&gt; 1.35; metafemur narrow, HFL/HFW&gt;2.60; propodeum lacking median carina (NSW, Vic) .................. ....................................................................................................................... S. rotundiceps sp. nov.</p><p>– Gena ventral of eye with broad polished area, lacking microreticulation (Fig. 5B); ocellar triangle weakly acute to weakly obtuse, OOL/WOT &lt;1.25; metafemur broad, HFL/HFW &lt;2.50, usually &lt;2.00; propodeum variable ........................................................................................................ 185</p><p>185. Head ventrally with distinct genal angle (Fig. 74B); malar space distinct, 1/4 as long as mandible base; ocellar triangle weakly acute to right; vertex crest straight; median carina of propodeum distinct; cell 1M straight posteriorly (Tas, Vic) ................................................... S. elasson sp. nov.</p><p>– Head ventrally evenly convex (Fig. 186B); malar space very small; ocellar triangle weakly obtuse; vertex crest shallowly emarginate between lateral ocelli; propodeum lacking median carina; cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly (Vic) .......................................................... S. stilboparia sp. nov.</p><p>186. Head compressed, DH/LH &lt;0.53 ............................................................................................... 187</p><p>– Head deeper, DH/LH&gt; 0.53 ....................................................................................................... 193</p><p>187. Head very broad, as wide or wider than long, WH/LH 0.98–1.03, and short posterior of eyes, EV/ WF &lt;0.50; vertex crest in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; propodeum with broad median polished strip extending from base to declivity (Qld) .................... ......................................................................................................... S. eurycephala sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Head narrower, WH/LH &lt;0.90, and longer posterior of eyes, EV/WF&gt;0.50; vertex more or less straight; ocellar triangle usually weakly acute to right (strongly obtuse in S. regulus sp. nov.); propodeum without median polished area, entirely microreticulate .......................................... 188</p><p>188. Vein Rs not reaching anterior wing margin; vertex in dorsal view slightly concave ................. 189</p><p>– Vein Rs reaching anterior wing margin, cell 2R1 closed; vertex in dorsal view straight or slightly convex around ocelli ................................................................................................................... 190</p><p>189. Clypeus semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded, convex dorsally; head broader, WH/LH ~0.89; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse (Tas) ..................................................... S. regulus sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Clypeus elongate, rounded triangular to trapezoidal, apex broadly truncate, dorsally with rounded carina; head narrower, WH/LH ~0.80–0.81; ocellar triangle weakly acute to weakly obtuse (Tas, NSW) ........................................................................................................ S. crinita sp. nov., in part</p><p>190. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest, vertex narrowly carinate between; clypeus in profile gently curved, apical angle acute; mandible moderately broad, ventral margin distinctly concave, slightly narrowed at apex, obtusely elbowed in ventral view; frons narrower, WF/HE 0.80–0.94 .. ..................................................................................................................................................... 191</p><p>– Lateral ocelli slightly separated from vertex crest, vertex not carinate between; clypeus in profile more strongly curved, sometimes recurved at ventral apex, apical angle right to obtuse; mandible evenly curved in ventral view, width variable; frons broader, WF/HE&gt;0.95 ............................ 192</p><p>191. At least profemur predominantly yellow, dark only on dorsal margin; OOL/WOT&gt; 1.50 (Qld) ...................................................................................................................... S. ambitiosa sp. nov.</p><p>– Coxae and femora dark brown to black; OOL/WOT &lt;1.50 (WA) ....................... S. isolata sp. nov.</p><p>192. Clypeus in profile evenly curved, apical angle right; basal wing cells densely setose, wing membrane weakly infuscate; head weakly convex ventrally; mesosoma not strongly compressed (Qld) ......... ................................................................................................................................. S. nidus sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus in profile strongly rounded and recurved at apex; basal wing cells sparsely setose, wing membrane hyaline; genal angle broadly rounded; mesosoma flattened (Tas) .................................. ........................................................................................................... S. terpsilithus sp. nov., in part</p><p>193. Frons with regular, somewhat close punctation, 1–2 pit widths apart, somewhat obscured by dull granular sculpture, appearing rather densely setose, setae longer than antennal flagellum width; mandible moderately broad, distinctly concave ventrally; ocelli slightly enlarged and closely placed, lateral ocelli separated by less than twice their diameter (Qld) .............. S. ocellata sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Frons moderately, irregularly punctate, 2–3 pit widths apart, not obscured by sculpture which is fine to coriaceous, appearing sparsely setose, setae about as long as flagellum width or scarcely more; mandible variable, often narrower; ocelli not enlarged, lateral ocelli separated by more than twice their diameter .............................................................................................................................. 194</p><p>194. Basal wing cells sparsely setose; antenna short, A3 about as wide as long (Figs 70, 138) ........ 195</p><p>– Basal wing cells densely setose; A3 usually distinctly longer than wide (except in S. ovata sp. nov.; Figs 142A, 161A) ....................................................................................................................... 197</p><p>195. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided or very weakly concave ventrally, slightly twisted; head lacking dull tesselate sculpture laterally posterior of eye; propodeum without any indication of transverse carina; frons narrow, WF/HE ~0.93 (Qld) .................... S. diversa sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible moderately narrow, distinctly concave ventrally, not twisted; head with line of dull tesselate sculpture laterally posterior of eye; propodeum with faint transverse carina laterally; frons broader, WF/HE&gt;1.00 ............................................................................................................... 196</p><p>196. Mandible elongate, strongly narrowed near base and gradually broadened toward apex; lateral ocelli distinctly separated from vertex crest by at least half diameter of ocellus; head with moderately dense setae ventrally, posterolaterally weakly reticulate and somewhat shining between lateral and ventral bands of tesselate sculpture (as in Fig. 5C); propodeum with narrow median polished strip (NSW, Qld) .......................................................................................................... S. exleyae sp. nov.</p><p>– Mandible somewhat short, only moderately narrowed near base, broadening to greatest width by 2/3 length; lateral ocelli touching or scarcely separated from vertex crest; head with sparse setae ventrally, posterolaterally coriaceous between lateral and ventral bands of tesselate sculpture (as in Fig. 5D); propodeum without median polished area (SA) ..................................... S. nauo sp. nov.</p><p>197. Clypeus dorsally with low but sharp carina; mandible not strongly convex outwardly (Figs 145B, 161B) .......................................................................................................................................... 198</p><p>– Clypeus weakly angulate or rounded dorsally, not sharp; mandible strongly convex outwardly, apical half semicylindrical in lateral view (Figs 142B, 154B, 169B) ........................................ 199</p><p>198. Posterior corners of head rounded but straight lateral and posterior margins of head distinct in dorsal view, EV/HE&gt;0.60 (Fig. 145A); frons broad, WF/HE ~1.10; ocellar triangle weakly acute; head posterolaterally shining between lateral and ventral bands of tesselate sculpture; propodeum with distinct transverse carina (Qld) ............................................................................... S. ovata sp. nov.</p><p>– Posterior corners of head strongly rounded off, curving shortly posterior of eye, EV/HE &lt;0.60 (Fig. 161A); frons narrow, WF/HE ~0.84; ocellar triangle strongly obtuse; head posterolaterally coriaceous between lateral and ventral bands of tesselate sculpture; propodeum without transverse carina (Tas) .......................................................................................................... S. pontilis sp. nov.</p><p>199. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided; malar space very small; lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest; head strongly convex or slightly angulate ventrally; profemur often moderately broad, FL/FW 1.80–1.95 (Tas) ............................................. S. remota sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Mandible moderately narrow, distinctly concave ventrally; malar space distinct, about 1/4 as long as base of mandible; profemur narrower, FL/FW&gt;1.95 ............................................................ 200</p><p>200. Metafemur broad, HFL/HFW &lt;2.30; S6 evenly covered with short, erect setae, without median glabrous area; gena highly polished posterolaterally between eye, occiput, and ventral line of colliculate sculpture, broad area without reticulation (Fig. 142B); head slightly shorter posterior of eyes, EV/HE ~0.48 (Tas) ................................................................................ S. nitidigena sp. nov.</p><p>– Metafemur narrow, HFL/HFW&gt;2.50; S6 broadly glabrous medially; gena distinctly reticulate posterolaterally (Fig. 94B); head longer posterior of eyes, EV/HE&gt;0.54 ................................. 201</p><p>201. Frons slightly narrower than eye, WH/HE 0.92–0.94, microsculpture finely microreticulate, somewhat shining; cell 1M narrow, distal half nearly parallel-sided, posterodistal corner squared off (Tas, NSW) ........................................................................................ S. intonsa sp. nov., in part</p><p>– Frons slightly but distinctly broader than eye, WF/HE 1.03–1.12, microsculpture coriaceous, moderately dull; cell 1M broadening distally, anterior and posterior margins distinctly divergent, posterodistal corner broadly rounded (Tas) ........................................................... S. pelion sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D451FFEBFDB8AF3EFA842FBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D478FFE9FD5AAC72FD592FF0.text	03B687A0D478FFE9FD5AAC72FD592FF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola abrupta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola abrupta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E620CAFC-41CC-4893-B6C6-8C04A8BDAECE</p><p>Figs 7, 14</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A distinctive species, recognizable by the unusual clypeus which is moderately short but broadened laterally anterior of the antennal sockets, the lateral margin rounded with a constriction between the anterior clypeal projection and posterior lateral lobe. This is shared only with its sibling species S. curtirostris sp. nov., which differs in having the clypeus elongate with the apex strongly acute in profile, head flatter (DH/LH 0.51 vs 0.57), and basal wing cells sparsely setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ abrupta ’, ‘broken’ or ‘cut off’, referring to the truncate clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.016" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.197/lat -41.016)">Bellingham</a>; 41.016° S, 147.197° E; Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap; TMAG F153001.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process short, broad, transverse, rounded laterally, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate (blunt apically); in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte (coarser posteriorly). Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners broadly rounded; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing mostly glabrous, cell R densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.88 mm; LM 0.91 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.57; EV/HE 0.72; EV/WF 0.68; WF/HE 1.06; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 1.46; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.21; HFL/HFW 2.20; A3 L/ W 1.13; 2R1 L/ W 2.58.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D478FFE9FD5AAC72FD592FF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D47AFFE7FD50ADF2FD902F19.text	03B687A0D47AFFE7FD50ADF2FD902F19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola acrobeles Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola acrobeles sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C0CF77C6-E014-47A0-8E69-F1CF1AF131EA</p><p>Figs 8, 10</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>An unusual species, distinguished by the combination of glabrous basal wing cells, the head strongly flattened (DH/LH ~0.41) but slightly convex dorsally, and clypeus triangular, apically pointed and dorsally with a rounded carina. The clypeus is also elongate and strongly acute apically in profile, unlike in members of the compressa group which have it rounded and/or short and steep.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ acrobeles ’, ‘sharp-pointed’, referring to the elongate, pointed, triangular clypeus and flattened head. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Pilliga Scrub, via Coonabarabran; 15 Dec. 1976; I. Naumann leg.; beating and sweeping; dry sclerophyll forest; QM T262150.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process triangular, apex pointed; dorsally with a sharp or rounded carina; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; slightly bent ventrad near base, apical half of mandible semicylindrical, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.38 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.41; EV/HE 0.90; EV/WF 0.76; WF/HE 1.19; WH/WF 1.70; OOL/WOT 1.75; DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 2.50; HFL/HFW 1.95; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.86.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in semi-arid woodland.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The combination of narrow profemur and broad metafemur is very unusual; in most species the profemur is broader or only slightly narrower.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D47AFFE7FD50ADF2FD902F19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D474FFE2FD70ADC5FAF42A21.text	03B687A0D474FFE2FD70ADC5FAF42A21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola acta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola acta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 220BC757-7A74-4BEF-BD1D-56EBEBB92774</p><p>Figs 9–10</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the basal wing cells nearly glabrous, clypeus short and semi-elliptical, and head moderately deep and convex dorsally and ventrally. Separated from similar species by the distinct malar space, slightly twisted mandible, and dorsal propodeum with a broad polished strip extending the full length. The clypeus is also only very weakly curved in profile, apically strongly acute, with the dorsal ridge effaced apically.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the Australian Capital Territory, to which this species is so far limited. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.83333/lat -35.366665)">Blundells Creek</a>; 35°22′ S, 148°50′ E; Feb. 1987; D.H. Colless leg.; Malaise trap /ethanol; ANIC 32-154806.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♂; Canberra; 17 Dec. 1980; D.F. Rentz leg.; in pool; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a rounded carina, effaced towards apex; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/3– 1/2 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of smooth tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites punctate laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum covered with a mix of long and short setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.71 mm; LM 0.90 mm; WH/LH 0.83; DH/LH 0.54; EV/HE 0.66; EV/WF 0.66; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.53; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 1.88; HFL/HFW 2.36; A3 L/ W 1.23; 2R1 L/ W 3.07.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australian Capital Territory; known only from the holotype and a tentatively associated male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D474FFE2FD70ADC5FAF42A21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D471FFE0FD5BA82DFBD42971.text	03B687A0D471FFE0FD5BA82DFBD42971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola adducta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola adducta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8EAA3E02-216F-4A61-A5E0-6036DDBE1226</p><p>Figs 10–11</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of the head narrow, compressed, and dorsally flat on the posterior half; clypeus elongate in profile, apex strongly acute, dorsally with a low carina; and mandible parallel-sided. Vein Rs of the fore wing also ends well short of the anterior wing margin.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ adductus ’, ‘stretched’, referring to the elongate head.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Chalamar [= Chelmer?]; 5 Sep. 1979; G. Gordh and C. Dahma leg.; UCRC 556765.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, prolonged posteriorly well beyond antennal sockets to about 1/3 eye height; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with second ventral tooth largest. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow punctures, dense near antennae, 2–3 pit widths apart posterior of midpoint of eyes. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs short, weakly curved, remote from wing margin.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.80 mm; LM 0.91 mm; WH/LH 0.76; DH/LH 0.43; EV/HE 0.78; EV/WF 0.78; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.78; OOL/WOT 1.76; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.94; HFL/HFW 2.13; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.92.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, probably collected near Brisbane (see Remarks).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The Rs vein is unusually short and the palpi cannot be fully seen, so it is possible that this species could be a member of Goniozus . However, the palpi appear to be 4/2 with an elongate terminal maxillary palpomere (characteristic of Sierola), and Goniozus with a closed cell 1M (“ Parasierola ”) are rare in Australia, so it is placed here. The type locality is uncertain as I can find no place called Chalamar in Queensland or Australia as a whole; it is likely a misspelling of the Brisbane suburb of Chelmer, as many of Gordh’s other collections come from Indooroopilly just across the river.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D471FFE0FD5BA82DFBD42971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D473FFFEFDA1AB7DFBF52A94.text	03B687A0D473FFFEFDA1AB7DFBF52A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola adelaidensis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola adelaidensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 74475037-E746-457E-AAA6-B46197C19128</p><p>Figs 10, 12</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the ficicola species group, with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short. Nearly identical to S. comparata sp. nov. of Victoria, distinguished from others by having the vertex narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli and mandible strongly convex outwardly. Separated by the more elongate and rounded clypeus which is not recurved ventrally, the more ventrally concave mandible, and head shorter posterior of the eye.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the collecting locality of the holotype.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Adelaide; SAMA 32-42923.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with second ventral tooth largest. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous to finely microreticulate. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex or nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae (see Remarks). Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.85 mm; LM 1.01 mm; WH/LH 0.75; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 0.91; EV/WF 0.90; WF/HE 1.01; WH/WF 1.74; OOL/WOT 1.73; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.06; HFL/HFW 2.14; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in Adelaide.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype was originally mounted in dense glue and has been remounted. The basal wing cells lack setae but appear to have been abraded and the actual setation is unclear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D473FFFEFDA1AB7DFBF52A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D46DFFFCFD5DAB5EFBB82DBB.text	03B687A0D46DFFFCFD5DAB5EFBB82DBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola adversa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola adversa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BFBBA99E-EAE2-4924-9202-18F654AA00E7</p><p>Figs 13–14</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of very broad, parallel-sided, slightly twisted mandible, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex by about their length, sparsely setose basal wing cells, and somewhat short clypeus, weakly curved in profile with the apical angle acute. Nearly identical to S. cremnophila sp. nov., separated by the distinctly curved anterior clypeal margin, dull, somewhat papillate frons sculpture, and greater OOL/WOT.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ adversus ’, ‘against’ or ‘opposite’, referring to the collection of the holotype on the north end of King Island away from the others taken there, and facing mainland Australia.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; King Is., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.0678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.6567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.0678/lat -39.6567)">Martha Lavinia Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.0678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.6567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.0678/lat -39.6567)">heathland</a>; 39.6567° S, 144.0678° E; 18 Dec. 2023 – 13 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F152998.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a somewhat dense apical row of short setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.25 mm; LM 1.01 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.57; EV/HE 0.71; EV/WF 0.67; WF/HE 1.07; WH/WF 1.75; OOL/WOT 1.88; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.07; HFL/HFW 2.12; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype, collected on King Island.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This and its sister species S. cremnophila sp. nov. may be divergent members of the cuneata species group; they resemble many of those species in the broad mandible and angulate clypeal apex in lateral view, but lack the enlarged clypeus typical of the group. The existence of two such similar species so widely separated suggests that more in this complex remain to be discovered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D46DFFFCFD5DAB5EFBB82DBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D46FFFFBFD51AFA4FD5F2984.text	03B687A0D46FFFFBFD51AFA4FD5F2984.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola allithoros Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola allithoros sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E30FF356-4328-493B-9D9C-4BE72F898135</p><p>Figs 10, 15</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Forming a species pair with S. campanula sp. nov., united in having the frons very narrow (WF/HE ~0.8), clypeus with a low but distinct medial carina and broadly rounded apically rather than straight truncate or emarginate, vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin, and S5 with a pair of elongate setae. Separated by having the mandible reddish brown and slightly twisted, propodeum with the median carina faint, and profemur mostly yellow.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ allithoros ’, ‘cross-eyed’ or ‘squinting’, from the dorsally close eyes. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Upper Clayton Gully, near Cunningham’s Gap; elev. 400–600 m; 25 Apr. 1974; I. Naumann leg.; sweeping long grass; wet sclerophyll forest; QM T262151.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Hat Head; 31.0626° S, 153.052° E; elev. 37 m; 4–18 Feb. 2018; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise trap, trap #3; BOLD: NSWHO3417-18, NSWHO3816-18, NSWHO3706-18, BIN ADV9054; ANIC . – Queensland • 1 ♀; Corroy [sic: Cooroy]; 15 Sep. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 401812 • 1 ♀; Acacia Ridge near Brisbane ; 13 Dec. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556776 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above the otherwise flat surface; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided except at base; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view straight or nearly so. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to very weak and mostly smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of smooth tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina faintly present; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites punctate laterally. S5 with a pair of long erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown. Procoxa and femur yellow except dorsal margin of femur, meso- and metafemora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.15 mm; LM 0.62 mm (0.59–0.69); WH/LH 0.74 (0.70–0.74); DH/LH 0.52 (0.50–0.52); EV/HE 0.70 (0.64–0.76); EV/WF 0.88 (0.84–1.00); WF/HE 0.79 (0.76–0.84); WH/WF 2.18 (2.05–2.24); OOL/WOT 1.71 (1.67–1.88); DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.96 (1.96–2.08); HFL/HFW 2.16 (2.00–2.33); A3 L/ W 0.83 (0.83–1.00); 2R1 L/ W 3.14. N = 5.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Generally shorter and more compact. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex very broadly rounded or truncate; in profile distinctly curved. Frons punctation sparse. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Antenna longer, extending to posterior margin of pronotum. Color . All coxae and femora brown; tibiae tinged with brown medially.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.07 mm; LM 0.57 mm; WH/LH 0.87; DH/LH 0.60; EV/HE 0.62; EV/WF 0.63; WF/HE 0.98; WH/WF 1.98; OOL/WOT 1.20; DM/LM 0.41; HFL/HFW 2.13; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.72.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland and New South Wales; known from several collections in the eastern forest zone.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species and S. campanula sp. nov. appear to form a closely related allopatric species pair, although relatively few collections are available for each. In both the clypeus is shorter than in other species of this complex, so they are keyed out twice.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D46FFFFBFD51AFA4FD5F2984	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D468FFF9FD55AA4EFC92287C.text	03B687A0D468FFF9FD55AA4EFC92287C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola alveolata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola alveolata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D05AF245-F951-4953-AD3A-F063578396B1</p><p>Figs 16, 20</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>An unusual species, resembling some members of the compressa species group in the broad frons (WF/ HE 1.23–1.35), short, broad clypeus, and broad metafemur, but with the head slightly convex dorsally and distinctly convex ventrally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ alveolus ’, ‘streambed’ or ‘furrow’, referring to the many small gullies around the type locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.86667/lat -27.266666)">Samsonvale Cemetery</a>, Dayboro 8.5 km SSE; 27°16′ S, 152°52′ E; elev. 50 m; 12 Aug. 1998; C.J. Burwell leg.; sweeping, 50119; QM T262152.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; North Pine River; 4 Nov. 1928; H. Hacker leg.; QM • 1 ♀; Drapers Crossing, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.91667/lat -27.35)">South Pine River</a>, 4 km NE of Samford; 27°21′ S, 152°55′ E; 13 Apr. 1996; C.J. Burwell and S. Evans leg.; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, or somewhat rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head (weakly differentiated). Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina faintly present; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.20 mm; LM 1.16 mm (1.01–1.16); WH/LH 0.93 (0.93–0.97); DH/LH 0.54 (0.52–0.54); EV/HE 0.73 (0.64–0.73); EV/WF 0.54 (0.52–0.56); WF/HE 1.35 (1.23–1.35); WH/WF 1.60 (1.60–1.67); OOL/WOT 1.52 (1.44–1.52); DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.90 (1.80–1.93); HFL/HFW 2.00 (1.96–2.00); A3 L/ W 1.00 (0.91–1.11); 2R1 L/ W 2.42. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from three collections near Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D468FFF9FD55AA4EFC92287C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D46AFFF7FDAEAA66FBBA2F1E.text	03B687A0D46AFFF7FDAEAA66FBBA2F1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola ambitiosa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola ambitiosa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1B04FDBD-B440-4A34-9579-6C3F50B5AC23</p><p>Figs 17, 41</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Differing from most other species by the combination of basal wing cells sparsely setose, mandible moderately broad and distinctly concave ventrally, and clypeus semicircular. Forming a species pair with S. isolata sp. nov., united in having the head moderately compressed (DH/LH ~0.50), vertex slightly bulging and carinate between the lateral ocelli, and the mandible broadest at about 2/3 its length and slightly narrowed at the apex. Separated by having the legs predominantly yellow and OOL/WOT greater, 1.60–1.70 vs ~1.43.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ ambitiosus ’, ‘desiring excessively’, referring to the type locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Luster Creek, 8 km W by N of Mt Molloy; 21–22 May 1980; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154807.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; 10 km NW of Ellis Beach; 16°40′ S, 145°34′ E; 20 Apr. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed just beyond base and broadened distally, apex slightly narrowed, broadest at apical 2/3; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view slightly sinuate around ocellar triangle; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Procoxa and femur yellow except dorsal margin of femur, meso- and metafemora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow, or legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.36 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.54; EV/WF 0.63; WF/HE 0.86; WH/WF 1.95; OOL/WOT 1.60; DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 1.91; HFL/HFW 1.90; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.92.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two specimens collected on the north coast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is very similar to S. isolata sp. nov. and they may represent a single widespread species. However, only three specimens combined are available, from opposite sides of the continent. Given the differences in color and head shape, I have decided to keep them as separate species. The form of the mandible is unusual; the only species with a somewhat similar form is the unrelated S. gudang sp. nov., which has the ventral margin weakly concave and is otherwise very different.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D46AFFF7FDAEAA66FBBA2F1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D464FFF5FDAAADC0FBDB2F6C.text	03B687A0D464FFF5FDAAADC0FBDB2F6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola amphilyke Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola amphilyke sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 97DA401A-F111-446B-A131-70302A2F482E</p><p>Figs 14, 18</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex and setose basal wing cells, distinguished by the combination of a short, almost transverse clypeus which is evenly sloping in profile, and ocellar triangle right with lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest. Closest to S. exleyae sp. nov. and S. nauo sp. nov., both of which have the clypeus distinctly curved in profile.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ amphilyke ’, ‘gray of dawn’, referring to the collection of the holotype on the easternmost coast of Tasmania. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 13 km S of Falmouth; 41°32′ S, 148°16′ E; 6 Feb. 1992; C.J. Burwell leg.; ex ethanol; QM T262153.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile almost evenly sloping, nearly straight (very slightly curved). Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, with median anterior and posterior triangular polished areas narrowly connected; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.49 mm; LM 0.72 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.73; EV/WF 0.71; WF/HE 1.03; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 1.37; DM/LM 0.45; FL/FW 2.10; HFL/HFW 2.22; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 2.25.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype, collected on the northeast coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D464FFF5FDAAADC0FBDB2F6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D466FFF3FDAAAD16FB9C28A5.text	03B687A0D466FFF3FDAAAD16FB9C28A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola amputator Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola amputator sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9B7C51E3-7673-486D-880B-9D937031D1E4</p><p>Figs 19–20</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the compressa species group, having the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Distinguished from most related species by the obtuse ocellar triangle, reddish brown mandible, and broad metafemur. Closest to S. megamera sp. nov., separated by the more densely punctate frons and narrower head (WH/LH ~0.79) which is more quadrate in dorsal view, the posterior corners distinct.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ amputatus ’, ‘cut off’, referring to the severed tibia and tarsus of another insect grasped in the mandibles of the holotype. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; 24 km W by N of Lock; 33°32′ S, 135°30′ E; 30 Nov. 1992; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; flowers Eucalyptus; ANIC 32-154808.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute or rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1–2 pit widths apart (largely impunctate around median ocellus). Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly coriaceous. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved, pronotal disc slightly concave. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.45 mm; LM 0.79 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.37; EV/HE 0.90; EV/WF 0.79; WF/HE 1.14; WH/WF 1.67; OOL/WOT 1.29; DM/LM 0.22; FL/FW 2.01; HFL/HFW 1.77; A3 L/ W 0.60; 2R1 L/ W 2.64.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D466FFF3FDAAAD16FB9C28A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D463FFF1FDA3A85DFCF9280C.text	03B687A0D463FFF1FDA3A85DFCF9280C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola ancognatha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola ancognatha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CF8B2CDA-EE55-4061-8FE9-EEADCB2BD649</p><p>Figs 20–21</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a distinctive species pair with S. strigula sp. nov., sharing the strongly convex dorsum of the head, strongly elbowed mandible with a large ventral tooth, strongly acute clypeus in profile, and nearly glabrous basal wing cells. Separated by the twisted mandible which is narrowed apically in frontal view, head evenly convex ventrally rather than slightly angulate, and typical frons microsculpture, more or less even with the punctation distinct.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ ankos ’, ‘bend’, + ‘ gnathos ’, ‘jaw’, referring to the bent mandible. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.15/lat -35.966667)">Congo</a>, 8 km SE by E of Moruya; 35°58′ S, 150°09′ E; 26 Mar.– 3 Apr. 1982; M.S. Upton leg.; window trap; ANIC 32-154809.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process triangular, apex weakly pointed; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; distinctly bent ventrad near base, crossing diagonally when closed, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible strongly oblique, falcate, lacking subapical teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible concave in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye flat, with a broad area of distinct tesselate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.51 mm; LM 0.82 mm; WH/LH 0.76; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.50; EV/WF 0.63; WF/HE 0.79; WH/WF 1.94; OOL/WOT 1.15; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.92; HFL/HFW 2.35; A3 L/ W 1.32; 2R1 L/ W 2.57.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected near the coast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is remarkably similar to S. strigula sp. nov. and they likely co-occur, but the differences in the mandible and frons sculpture are very distinct.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D463FFF1FDA3A85DFCF9280C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D41DFF8CFD86A85DFEC12954.text	03B687A0D41DFF8CFD86A85DFEC12954.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola antipoda Ashmead 1901	<div><p>Sierola antipoda Ashmead, 1901</p><p>Figs 20, 22</p><p>Sierola antipoda Ashmead, 1901a: 328 .</p><p>Sierola antipoda – Magnacca 2019:14, fig. 1 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat head, separated from the compressa group by the relatively long, narrow, quadrate head. Closest to S. scutula sp. nov., distinguished by the densely setose basal wing cells, moderately broad mandible which is distinctly concave ventrally, coriaceous frons microsculpture, and head shorter posterior of the eyes.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype (here designated)</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Sydney; W.W. Froggatt leg.; USNM.</p><p>Paralectotypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 2 ♀♀; same data as for lectotype; USNM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. With moderately dense pubescence. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Procoxa and femur black, legs otherwise brown, paler towards tarsi.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.44 mm; LM 0.78 mm; WH/LH 0.72; DH/LH 0.40; EV/HE 0.94; EV/WF 1.03; WF/HE 0.91; WH/WF 1.87; OOL/WOT 1.40; DM/LM 0.27; FL/FW 2.30.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the type series, collected near Sydney.</p><p>Ecology</p><p>The original description says “Host—Dipt.: Cecidomyia [= Dasineura] frauenfeldi, a species forming soft red galls on Melaleuca (W. W. Froggatt) ”, but this seems extremely unlikely. No bethylid is known to attack Diptera larvae, and the adult fly is only about as large as an adult wasp. The galls formed by this species are large cone-like bud galls (Kolesik &amp; Gagné 2016), and could be inhabited by inquiline caterpillars as commonly occurs in the galls of North American Dasineura Róndani, 1840 (Dorchin et al. 2007). The general morphology of S. antipoda is similar to that of species reared from leaf miners, but this form could also be adapted to squeezing between the leaves of bud galls. Santhosh (2017) has also reared Sierola from galls in India. In that case the galls were induced by thrips and the true host being attacked by the wasps is unknown as well. Ashmead’s later reference to this species being present in New Zealand (Ashmead 1901b: 287) is undoubtedly an error, as it repeats both the host and collector name from the description; D. frauenfeldi Schiner, 1868 is endemic to Australia. The species recorded in New Zealand under this name by Ward (2013) is S. houdiniae Magnacca, 2019 (Magnacca 2019).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ashmead (1901a) states that this was described from four specimens, but only three could be found at USNM. The specimen in the type collection is heavily damaged – the mesosoma is glued to a point, a gelatin vial contains the metasoma, and another vial in the tray presumably had the head but is empty. Two syntypes are in the regular collection (with type labels). One has the mouthparts obscured by glue, while the other has all characters clearly visible. The latter was used for description and measurements (the redescription and remarks are repeated here from Magnacca 2019), and is here designated as the lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D41DFF8CFD86A85DFEC12954	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D41FFF8AFD55AB1EFACE29A1.text	03B687A0D41FFF8AFD55AB1EFACE29A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola aphelops Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola aphelops sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0280896B-3FFA-431A-B030-2F1C26A3052E</p><p>Figs 23, 28</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Recognizable by the combination of nearly glabrous basal wing cells, strongly acute ocellar triangle, and head convex dorsally and long posterior of the eye (EV/HE ≥0.85, OOL/WOT ≥ 2.00). Closest to S. miltos sp. nov., differing in having the head less elongate posterior of the eye, cell 1M more triangular, propodeum with a narrow median polished line, and head and body not so flattened.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ aphelos ’, ‘smooth’ or ‘polished’, + ‘ ops ’, ‘face’ or ‘appearance’, referring to the smooth head of this species. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.6194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.6194/lat -34.0542)">near Renmark</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.6194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.6194/lat -34.0542)">Calperum Station</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.6194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.6194/lat -34.0542)">Primary Site</a>; 34.0542° S, 140.6194° E; elev. 50 m; 12–19 Feb. 2015; P. Cale leg.; Malaise trap, fire Jan. 2014, 850 m unburnt mallee in all directions; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG36596-D11, process ID GMASC980-17, BIN ADL9358; ANIC 32-154810.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.76667/lat -33.583332)">Esperance</a>; 33°35′ S, 121°46′ E; 28 Dec. 1994; R.B. and L.S. Kimsey leg.; ex Eucalyptus; UCDC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more to moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining to nearly absent, polished. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly to very strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly smooth and polished, small area of fine microreticulation extending posteriorly from anteroventral eye margin. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent but with a very narrow, slightly raised, polished median line; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible dark basally, apical half reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M triangular, Rs connecting in the middle of the cell. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.09 mm; LM 1.07 mm; WH/LH 0.77; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.96; EV/WF 0.83; WF/HE 1.15; WH/WF 1.67; OOL/WOT 2.07; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.29; HFL/HFW 2.38; A3 L/ W 1.08; 2R1 L/ W 2.86.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia and Western Australia; known from two widely separated specimens.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The paratype from Western Australia has the femora somewhat broader, but is otherwise identical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D41FFF8AFD55AB1EFACE29A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D419FF88FD55ABADFB472911.text	03B687A0D419FF88FD55ABADFB472911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola apimelos Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola apimelos sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4FDC4C8B-0438-4501-9B67-C8FDD045B9EE</p><p>Figs 24, 26</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body distinctly flattened and head more or less flat dorsally and ventrally, differing from species of the compressa group in having frons much narrower and head more blocky in lateral view. Probably most closely related to S. scutula sp. nov., but that species has a distinctly different appearance, with the head elongate posterior of the eyes and quadrate in dorsal view. The reddish brown mandible and nearly glabrous basal wing cells also serve to distinguish it. The vertex crest is narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli, another uncommon character not found in other flattened species.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ apimelos ’, ‘lean’, referring to the small size and thin body. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Northern Territory • ♀; 2 km S of Nourangie [sic: Nourlangie] Camp; 18 Nov. 1992; P.C. Dangerfield and J. Lloyd leg.; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more, or appearing impunctate (setae arising from shallow pits that are only visible at low angles). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, nearly glabrous. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum evenly covered with short, anteriorly-directed setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape brown basally, otherwise nearly all yellow. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.11 mm; LM 0.63 mm; WH/LH 0.81; DH/LH 0.44; EV/HE 0.68; EV/WF 0.79; WF/HE 0.86; WH/WF 1.88; OOL/WOT 1.19; DM/LM 0.28; FL/FW 2.07; HFL/HFW 1.87; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.78.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Northern Territory; known only from the holotype, collected in Kakadu National Park.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D419FF88FD55ABADFB472911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D41BFF86FD52ABDDFE502D13.text	03B687A0D41BFF86FD52ABDDFE502D13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola augustus Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola augustus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AC210B10-F045-4210-8EDF-6E58BA1CF85F</p><p>Figs 25–26</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat head, separated from the compressa group by the relatively long, quadrate head. Distinguished from other similar species by having the ocellar triangle strongly acute, basal wing cells nearly glabrous, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by less than their length.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the type locality. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.63333/lat -15.416667)">Augustus Island</a> <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.63333/lat -15.416667)">CALM Site</a> 26/1; 15°25′ S, 124°38′ E; 11–16 Jun. 1988; I.D. Naumann leg.; open forest; ANIC 32-154811.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Hwy 1, Townsville–Bowen; 30 Aug. 1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; [car net?]; UCDC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, tinged with brown dorsally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.35 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.77; DH/LH 0.41; EV/HE 1.03; EV/WF 1.03; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.87; OOL/WOT 2.33; DM/LM 0.30; FL/FW 2.17; HFL/HFW 2.04; A3 L/ W 0.80; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia and Queensland; known from one specimen each.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The paratype from the Queensland coast has the head slightly broader and OOL/WOT less, but is otherwise identical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D41BFF86FD52ABDDFE502D13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D415FF85FDA4AFDCFBD8287D.text	03B687A0D415FF85FDA4AFDCFBD8287D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola aulacifrons Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola aulacifrons sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9C7BC5B1-5CF5-44D9-AD05-83445623FC7B</p><p>Figs 27–28</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a species complex with S. bicarinata sp. nov. and S. bifida sp. nov. based on the unique forked clypeal carina. Differing from those two closely-related species in many respects, most obviously the clypeal carinae widely separate, diverging abruptly at the base and more or less parallel; mandible convex on the apical half but not twisted; vein Rs not reaching wing margin, cell 2R1 open; and basal wing cells setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ aulacis ’, ‘furrow’, + ‘ frons ’, ‘front’, referring to the grooved clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.052&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.063" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.052/lat -31.063)">Hat Head National Park</a>, Hat Head; 31.063° S, 153.052° E; elev. 37 m; 20–27 Dec. 2012; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG15786-G01, process ID AUSMA313-14, BIN ACP9760; ANIC 32-154812.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a pair of subparallel low carinae, bounding a broad, shallow groove; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression broad, shallow, V-shaped. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell, or with intermediate setation. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.38 mm; LM 1.30 mm; WH/LH 0.92; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 0.37; EV/WF 0.40; WF/HE 0.94; WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.41; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.69; HFL/HFW 1.74; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 3.07.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected near the coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D415FF85FDA4AFDCFBD8287D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D416FF83FDA3AA66FD5A2911.text	03B687A0D416FF83FDA3AA66FD5A2911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola badiorostris Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola badiorostris sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E02A408-B40B-462B-9A7F-EC2555D38719</p><p>Figs 14, 29</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a species pair with S. kimseyana sp. nov. in having the basal wing cells nearly glabrous, head somewhat compressed (DH/LH ~0.50), transverse propodeal carina present, and occipital margin narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli. Differing in having the clypeus dorsally angulate or rounded rather than with a low sharp carina, greater OOL/WOT (1.44 vs 1.14), and narrower profemur.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ badius ’, ‘reddish brown’, + ‘ rostrum ’, ‘nose’, referring to the brown clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; Poatina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.9/lat -41.816666)">Headrace Adit</a>; 41°49′ S, 146°54′ E; 20 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154813.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a rounded carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute or rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.71 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 0.81; DH/LH 0.50; EV/HE 0.62; EV/WF 0.68; WF/HE 0.90; WH/WF 1.84; OOL/WOT 1.44; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 2.21; HFL/HFW 2.36; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 2.76.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D416FF83FDA3AA66FD5A2911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D410FF81FDADABDDFDF429D7.text	03B687A0D410FF81FDADABDDFDF429D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola bicarinata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola bicarinata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5DD7265A-0C42-4596-8AF5-002F90DD3457</p><p>Figs 28, 30</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a species complex with S. aulacifrons sp. nov. and S. bifida sp. nov. based on the unique forked clypeal carina. Differing from the former in many respects, including the clypeal carinae closely approximated, mandible strongly twisted on apical half, vein 2R1 reaching anterior wing margin, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Nearly identical to the latter, separated only by the smooth microsculpture of the head and clypeus more elongate in profile.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the bifurcate clypeal carina.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Lake George Range, 18 km N by W of Bungendore; 15 Feb. 1982; J.F. Lawrence and A. Calder leg.; on Xanthorrhoea australis; ANIC 32-154814.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Canberra; 5 Feb. 1930; M. Fuller leg.; ANIC • 1 ♀; Black Mountain; 6 Mar. 1930; F. Graham leg.; ANIC • 1 ♀; Black Mountain; 10 Mar. 1930; L.F. Graham leg.; ANIC . – New South Wales • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC . – South Australia • 1 ♀; Wanbi; Dec. 1977; R. Laughlin leg.; WARI aphid migration project; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.5/lat -34.316666)">Brookfield Conservation Park</a>; 34°19′ S, 139°30′ E; 4–20 Feb. 1992; J. Stelman and S. Williams leg.; Site 1 Malaise trap; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a narrow ridge, bifurcating into a pair of low carinae beyond the antennae; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight or slightly curved, elongate, apex acute. Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; strongly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about twice as long as flagellar width or more. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave, corners somewhat squared; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by greater than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly to weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly, weakly microreticulate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Moderately shining with distinct microreticulation over all terga, T4–6 punctate and conspicuously setose. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.65 mm; LM 0.98 mm (0.94–1.16); WH/LH 0.87 (0.83–0.87); DH/LH 0.55 (0.52–0.56); EV/HE 0.69 (0.68–0.74); EV/WF 0.56 (0.56–0.63); WF/HE 1.23 (1.08–1.24); WH/WF 1.63 (1.58–1.67); OOL/WOT 1.24 (1.24–1.38); DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.15 (2.07–2.15); HFL/HFW 2.09 (2.08–2.17); A3 L/ W 1.00 (1.00–1.10); 2R1 L/ W 2.33. N = 7.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, and South Australia; probably also in Victoria, found widely across the southeast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D410FF81FDADABDDFDF429D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D412FF9FFD5AAB9BFB58283E.text	03B687A0D412FF9FFD5AAB9BFB58283E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola bidawal Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola bidawal sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 138D001C-F62E-4E87-A337-AF9769501A29</p><p>Figs 20, 31</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This odd species is difficult to key out with the usual characters, but is easily recognized by the combination of the clypeus evenly sloping in profile and occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of the lateral ocelli. The lateral ocelli are also slightly separate from the vertex crest, ocellar triangle strongly acute, head narrowed posterior of the eyes with the posterior corners strongly rounded off, and basal wing cells densely setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the Bidawal, the Aboriginal people whose traditional land includes the area where the type was collected. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; Growler Creek, Lind National Park; 26 Feb. 1980; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154815.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • 1 ♀; Cann Valley H’way, 7 km SW of NSW border; 25 Feb. 1980; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical or very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally weakly carinate, or flat with a trace of a low carina; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex or nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and apex brown, middle flagellomeres brown dorsally and orange ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.48 mm; LM 0.76 mm; WH/LH 0.83; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.85; EV/WF 0.78; WF/HE 1.09; WH/WF 1.72; OOL/WOT 1.86; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.21; HFL/HFW 2.50; A3 L/ W 1.08; 2R1 L/ W 2.80.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from two individuals collected close together in east Gippsland.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D412FF9FFD5AAB9BFB58283E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D40CFF9DFD49AA20FC042889.text	03B687A0D40CFF9DFD49AA20FC042889.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola bifida Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola bifida sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 960AE25C-755C-473C-BBF3-CC45556F98FA</p><p>Figs 32, 57</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a species complex with S. aulacifrons sp. nov. and S. bicarinata sp. nov. based on the unique forked clypeal carina. Differing from the former in many respects, including the clypeal carinae closely approximated, mandible strongly twisted on apical half, vein 2R1 reaching anterior wing margin, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Nearly identical to the latter, separated only by the coriaceous microsculpture of the head and clypeus shorter in profile, evenly curved.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ bifidus ’, ‘split in two’, referring to the forked clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; 10 km W of Doodlakine; 31°38′ S, 117°48′ E; 30 Dec. 1994; L.S. and R.B. Kimsey leg.; ex Eucalyptus; UCDC 123003.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • 1 ♂; 20 km W of Esperance; 33°43′ S, 121°25′ E; 27 Dec. 1994; R.B. and L.S. Kimsey leg.; ex Eucalyptus; UCDC 122706 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a narrow ridge, bifurcating into a pair of low carinae beyond the antennae; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; strongly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length or slightly greater. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly coriaceous. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Moderately shining with distinct microreticulation over all terga, T4–6 punctate and conspicuously setose. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.84 mm; LM 1.11 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.55; EV/HE 0.67; EV/WF 0.58; WF/HE 1.16; WH/WF 1.62; OOL/WOT 1.43; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 2.16; HFL/HFW 2.23; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Clypeal process trapezoidal, apex truncate; carinae very narrowly separated. Frons punctation sparse on posterior half. Metasoma. Erect setae of S6 only slightly longer than those of previous segments.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.61 mm; LM 0.89 mm; WH/LH 0.91; DH/LH 0.56; EV/HE 0.58; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 1.16; WH/WF; OOL/WOT 1.12; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.25; HFL/HFW 2.23; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.19.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known from two specimens taken in the southwest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D40CFF9DFD49AA20FC042889	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D40EFF9BFD44AD75FAA32D1F.text	03B687A0D40EFF9BFD44AD75FAA32D1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola biloba Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola biloba sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FCAC887D-BCCB-4F7E-80C4-EC945BF8E8AB</p><p>Figs 28, 33</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided or broadened beyond the antennae. Together with S. cuneata sp. nov., differing from all other Sierola in having the clypeus apically emarginate, divided into two rounded lobes. Easily distinguished from that species by having the clypeus rounded laterally rather than straight, and lacking lateral carinae. In addition, the lateral ocelli are separated from vertex crest by about their length; propodeal transverse carina is distinct; metasoma with faint but distinct microsculpture over all terga; and vein Rs reaches the anterior wing margin, closing cell 2R1.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the unique form of the clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; 9 km ESE of Taylorville; 34°07′ S, 140°04′ E; 12 Nov. 1987; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154816.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC • 1 ♀; Morgan; 7 Nov. 1978; R. Laughlin leg.; WARI aphid migration project; ANIC • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.7122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.042" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.7122/lat -34.042)">Calpernum</a> [sic: Calperum] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.7122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.042" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.7122/lat -34.042)">Station Overflow Road km 2</a>; 34.042° S, 140.7122° E; 10 Dec. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; BOLD: process ID AUSCL533-12, BIN ABX8962; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, rounded laterally, apex narrowly emarginate, forming two rounded lobes; dorsally with a distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above the otherwise flat surface; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished, smooth, shining; in ventral view abruptly bent near base, distally straight. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture variable, evident but smooth and shining to finely microreticulate (rarely coriaceous with irregular longitudinal raised striae between eyes). Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture entirely smooth and polished. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.62 mm; LM 0.92 mm (0.88–0.95); WH/LH 0.75 (0.73–0.76); DH/LH 0.48 (0.45–0.48); EV/HE 0.59 (0.53–0.76); EV/WF 0.60 (0.56–0.66); WF/HE 0.98 (0.95–1.14); WH/WF 1.79 (1.67–1.80); OOL/WOT 1.50 (1.45–1.65); DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 2.26 (2.17–2.36); HFL/HFW 2.38 (2.32–2.38); A3 L/ W 1.00 (1.00–1.20); 2R1 L/ W 2.64. N = 4.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Clypeus less deeply emarginate apically, not so prolonged in profile. Mandible parallel-sided. Malar space distinct, about 1/4 as long as mandible base. Frons mostly sparsely punctate, especially posteriorly. Head rounded shortly posterior of eyes. Metasoma. Erect setae of S6 only slightly longer than those of previous segments. Color . Tibiae predominantly brown.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.39 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.45; EV/WF 0.47; WF/HE 0.96; WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.22; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.41; HFL/HFW 2.63; A3 L/ W 1.25; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known from several collections, all in a small area of the Murray River valley northeast of Adelaide.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The frons microsculpure is unusually variable. One specimen has peculiar raised longitudinal striae in addition to the normal microsculpture. It bears a striking resemblance to S. rufignatha Fullaway, 1920 from Oahu, and in several respects is more similar to the Hawaii species than others from Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D40EFF9BFD44AD75FAA32D1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D408FF99FDA6AFC3FD372D74.text	03B687A0D408FF99FDA6AFC3FD372D74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola boggomoss Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola boggomoss sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E6A5BC10-B58A-46EC-AD67-AD2EED08DC33</p><p>Figs 20, 34</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally and basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most others by the elongate, conspicuous vertex and gena setae. Closest to S. gingera sp. nov., separated by the deeper head, ocellar triangle right, with the lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and basal wing cells sparsely setose at least basally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the boggomoss environment in which this species was collected, a form of mound spring unique to the Taroom area. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.03334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.03334/lat -25.45)">Boggomoss</a> <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.03334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.03334/lat -25.45)">8 via Taroom</a>; 25°27′ S, 150°02′ E; 12 Nov. 1996 – Jan. 1997; D. Cook and G. Monteith leg.; baited flight intercept 035; QM T33419.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular or semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided or slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.62 mm; LM 0.91 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.57; EV/HE 0.56; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 1.13; WH/WF 1.68; OOL/WOT 1.19; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.17; HFL/HFW 1.77; A3 L/ W 0.90; 2R1 L/ W 2.33.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D408FF99FDA6AFC3FD372D74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D40AFF97FDA7AF7EFAD22D2C.text	03B687A0D40AFF97FDA7AF7EFAD22D2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola campanula Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola campanula sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C9AF6417-412B-4CFF-B348-65039109481B</p><p>Figs 20, 35</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Forming a species pair with S. allithoros sp. nov., united in having the frons very narrow (WF/HE ~0.8), clypeus with a low but distinct medial carina and broadly rounded apically rather than straight truncate or emarginate, vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin, and S5 with a pair of elongate setae. Separated by having the mandible black and not twisted, propodeum with the median carina distinct, and femora all dark.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ campanula ’, ‘bell’, referring to the shape of the clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.61667/lat -35.45)">Mt Billy Cons. Pk</a>; 35°27′ S, 138°37′ E; 3 Nov.–19 Dec. 2016; E. Fagan-Jeffries leg.; Malaise trap; SAMA.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.0591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.0591/lat -35.261)">Cook</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.0591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.0591/lat -35.261)">8 Moss Street</a>; 35.261° S, 149.0591° E; elev. 632 m; 19 Apr. 2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V. Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones and J. Webb leg.; BOLD: process ID AACTA5400-20, BIN AED8633; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above the otherwise flat surface; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view straight or nearly so. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separated from vertex crest by about their own length or slightly less. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of smooth tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina distinct; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S5 with a pair of long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.47 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.72; DH/LH 0.47; EV/HE 0.67; EV/WF 0.81; WF/HE 0.82; WH/WF 2.06; OOL/WOT 1.94; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.87; HFL/HFW 2.08; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.89.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia and Australian Capital Territory; known from two widely separated individuals.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D40AFF97FDA7AF7EFAD22D2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D404FF95FDBEAFD7FE1E2D7F.text	03B687A0D404FF95FDBEAFD7FE1E2D7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola camptostega Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola camptostega sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 34421DD1-A60E-47ED-ABDF-B460A6C90210</p><p>Figs 20, 36</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells setose and head convex dorsally, forming a species pair with S. cecidophila sp. nov. based on the black mandible, head long posterior of the eye (EV/HE ~1.00), and clypeus in profile high, blunt and recurved apically. Distinguished by having the head ventrally flat or very weakly convex, parallel-sided posterior of the eye, and narrower and more compressed (WH/LH ~0.71, DH/LH ~0.49).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ kamptos ’, ‘twisted’, + ‘ stegos ’, ‘roof’, referring to the sinuate ridgeline of Mount Baker where the type was collected. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Mt Barker near summit; Dec. 1985; A.D. Austin leg.; Acacia scrub, Malaise trap; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex, or steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, weakly to distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex to nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.90 mm; LM 0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.71; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 1.03; EV/WF 0.95; WF/HE 1.07; WH/WF 1.67; OOL/WOT 1.82; DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 1.99; HFL/HFW 2.22; A3 L/ W 0.90; 2R1 L/ W 2.78.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected near Adelaide.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The unique type is missing the metasoma, but based on the appearance of the head and mandibles it is almost certainly a female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D404FF95FDBEAFD7FE1E2D7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D406FF93FD5BAF63FBE42EE0.text	03B687A0D406FF93FD5BAF63FBE42EE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola capitata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola capitata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 854CB438-3CA4-4744-BABD-A553EE444B9B</p><p>Figs 26, 37</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the megacephala group, with the head large and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Closely related to S. leeuwinensis and S. stipulata sp. nov. with the femora dark, head posterior of the eyes convex, and ocelli separated from the vertex by 2–3 ocellus lengths. Distinguished by the unusual mandible, abruptly constricted just beyond the articulation and then gradually broadened; it is also reddish brown, compared to black in the other two species. A similar form is found in S. kuranda sp. nov. and S. truncata sp. nov., but they appear to be unrelated.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ capitata ’, ‘large-headed’.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 62 km W by S of Boulia; 23°02′ S, 139°18′ E; 16 Oct. 1978; J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154817.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile strongly arched, vertical or slightly recurved at apex, carina extending posterior of antennal sockets. Mandible moderately broad, constricted just past articulation, gradually broadened towards apex; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.89 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 0.81; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 1.28; EV/WF 0.85; WF/HE 1.51; WH/WF 1.54; OOL/WOT 2.40; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.24; HFL/HFW 2.18; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.10.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the arid interior.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D406FF93FD5BAF63FBE42EE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D400FFAEFDA7ACE3FBA02FAC.text	03B687A0D400FFAEFDA7ACE3FBA02FAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola carinifrons Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola carinifrons sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 08B2C567-702D-457B-8272-79C7F638F775</p><p>Figs 38–39</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous and head convex dorsally, closest to S. kimseyana sp. nov. and S. lissonota sp. nov. in having the frons shining and weakly sculpted, malar space short, and clypeus evenly curved in profile. Separated from the former by the broad, polished median strip on the propodeum and lack of a carina between the lateral ocelli, and from the latter by the acute ocellar triangle (lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest), narrower head (WH/LH ≤0.86), and narrower metafemur (HFL/HFW ≥2.20).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>A specimen bearing this unpublished manuscript name from Cameron is housed at NHMUK. To minimize confusion I have retained this name even though the species has a weak clypeal carina compared to most species of Sierola .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; 31 km NW of Renmark; 33°59′ S, 140°30′ E; 5 Sep.–12 Oct. 1995; K.R. Pullen leg.; flight intercept / pitfall trap; ANIC 32-154818.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Canberra; 20 Apr. 1948; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC . – South Australia • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.51666/lat -34.35)">Brookfield Conservation Park</a>; 34°21′ S, 139°31′ E; 12 Sep.–20 Oct. 1991; J. Stelman and S. Williams leg.; F.T.T ANIC 1206 mallee #2; ANIC . – Victoria • 1 ♀; Victoria; P. Cameron leg.; 1914–110 [left specimen on card]; NHMUK 13379653 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a rounded carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute or rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body dark brown to black, with a pale spot on propodeum. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black to reddish brown. Legs all yellow except dorsal margins of femora tinged with brown, or coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae dark brown, trochanters, tarsi, and bands at bases and apices of tibiae orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.86 mm; LM 1.00 mm (0.92–1.05); WH/LH 0.81 (0.77–0.82); DH/LH 0.52 (0.50–0.55); EV/HE 0.40 (0.40–0.45); EV/WF 0.54 (0.54–0.61); WF/HE 0.74 (0.70–0.74); WH/WF 2.11 (2.11–2.17); OOL/WOT 1.00 (0.96–1.13); DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.81 (1.81–2.00); HFL/HFW 2.39 (2.35–2.39); A3 L/ W 1.48 (1.33–1.48); 2R1 L/ W 2.88. N = 4.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, and South Australia; probably also occurring in New South Wales. Rare but widely distributed in the southeast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The four specimens on hand represent two distinct color morphs – a darker eastern one with the mandible, coxae, and femora dark brown to black, and propodeum concolorous (Victoria, ACT, and presumably New South Wales), and a paler western one with the mandible orange, legs almost entirely yellow, and propodeum with a basal pale spot (South Australia). However, I am not able to find any structural differences between them other than a slight difference in the narrowing of the mandible and width of the profemur (stronger and broader respectively in the SA population). Therefore, I am tentatively considering them a single species. The NHMUK specimen originally labelled with the name Sierola carinifrons (the left of two specimens mounted on one card; the other is a different species) is designated as a paratype rather than the holotype, but is of the same form as the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D400FFAEFDA7ACE3FBA02FAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D43DFFADFD5AAC56FBAD299A.text	03B687A0D43DFFADFD5AAC56FBAD299A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola carruca Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola carruca sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BC1BE096-E2C3-485E-A092-4691F4AE469F</p><p>Figs 40–41</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the ficicola species group, with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short. Closest to S. ficicola sp. nov., joined in having the lateral ocelli somewhat close to the vertex crest which is not carinate posterior of the ocelli; separated by the black mandible and more compressed head (DH/LH ~0.48), sparsely setose ventrally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ carruca ’, ‘a four-wheeled carriage’, referring to the collection of this species using a car net. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Hwy 1 Townsville–Bowen; 30 Aug. 1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; car net; UCDC.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided or slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.17 mm; LM 0.60 mm; WH/LH 0.75; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 1.08; EV/WF 1.10; WF/HE 0.98; WH/WF 1.85; OOL/WOT 1.86; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.07; A3 L/ W 0.85; 2R1 L/ W 2.23.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected along the northern coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D43DFFADFD5AAC56FBAD299A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D43EFFABFDB5AA45FC152AA9.text	03B687A0D43EFFABFDB5AA45FC152AA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola cathetognatha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola cathetognatha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 012C42E4-5CA4-4041-B842-B96DB5C3EA7A</p><p>Figs 39, 42</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Easily separated from related species by the unusual mandible, broadest near the middle and narrowing apically (ventral margin sinuate in frontal view) and strongly elbowed in ventral view. The ocellar triangle is also strongly obtuse.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ kathetos ’, ‘perpendicular’, + ‘ gnathos ’, ‘jaw’, referring to the bent mandible. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Indooroopilly; 22 Nov. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556772.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed just beyond base and broadened medially, apex slightly narrowed; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly; in ventral view strongly elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with small, indistinct teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible orange. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.20 mm; LM 0.65 mm; WH/LH 0.90; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.40; EV/WF 0.44; WF/HE 0.93; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 0.79; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.05; HFL/HFW 2.28; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 2.93.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected near Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D43EFFABFDB5AA45FC152AA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D438FFA9FD42AB55FBD82A22.text	03B687A0D438FFA9FD42AB55FBD82A22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola causia Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola causia sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 52B12474-5A01-43FC-BD6A-87E0E691A49B</p><p>Figs 39, 43</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the kalarku species group, with the mandible strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal view, vertex slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus without any trace of a carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Distinguished from related species by the combination of the clypeus flat, malar space very small, propodeum lacking a polished area, metafemur very broad (HFL/HFW ≤ 2.00), and vein Rs not reaching the anterior wing margin.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ causia ’, ‘hat’, referring to the type locality. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Hat Head; 31.0626° S, 153.052° E; elev. 37 m; 4–18 Feb. 2018; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise trap, trap #4; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG37616-F05, process ID NSWHO4886-18, BIN ADV5989; ANIC 32-154819.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave, slightly narrowed again at apex; strongly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of smooth tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, finely microreticulate ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow-brown. Mandible black, reddish at apex before teeth. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.45 mm; LM 0.77 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.54; EV/HE 0.39; EV/WF 0.43; WF/HE 0.90; WH/WF 1.86; OOL/WOT 1.19; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.80; HFL/HFW 1.74; A3 L/ W 0.91; 2R1 L/ W 3.24.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected near the coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D438FFA9FD42AB55FBD82A22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D43AFFA7FDA4A82DFCA22A37.text	03B687A0D43AFFA7FDA4A82DFCA22A37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola cecidophila Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola cecidophila sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1857896B-E06E-479C-ACB4-28838E6FE9E3</p><p>Figs 39, 44</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells setose and head convex dorsally, forming a species pair with S. camptostega sp. nov. based on the black mandible, head long posterior of the eye (EV/HE ~1.00), and clypeus in profile high, blunt and recurved apically. Distinguished by having the head distinctly convex ventrally, slightly broadened posterior of the eye, and broader and deeper (WH/LH ~0.79, DH/ LH ~0.54).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ kekidos ’, ‘gall’, + ‘ phila ’, ‘loving’, referring to the rearing of the holotype from a gall.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; Kew; 10 Aug. 1958; ex galls Acacia mollissima, emerged 20 Aug. 1958; MVMA HYM-86588.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep, recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous to dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head broadening posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose, or sparsely setose basally with cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.89 mm; LM 1.00 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.54; EV/HE 1.00; EV/WF 0.91; WF/HE 1.10; WH/WF 1.73; OOL/WOT 1.86; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 1.93; HFL/HFW 2.22; A3 L/ W 0.91; 2R1 L/ W 2.45.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the holotype, collected in Melbourne.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species and S. camptostega sp. nov. are clearly closely related and may be conspecific. They are primarily separated by the dimensions and subtle shape characters of the head, which are typically outside that normally seen in a single species, but could be representatives of two extremes of a variable taxon. For the time being I prefer to keep them separate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D43AFFA7FDA4A82DFCA22A37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D434FFA5FD41A838FB092AB2.text	03B687A0D434FFA5FD41A838FB092AB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola cernua Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola cernua sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F1427C81-55AB-46D5-B8A3-A1E6582FE0C5</p><p>Figs 39, 45</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very unusual and distinctive species, with the head compressed and convex dorsally and concave ventrally, thus appearing to be curved but of more or less even thickness along its length in lateral view. The clypeus is somewhat high and steeply curved, and the basal wing cells moderately setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ cernuus ’, ‘nodding’ or ‘drooping’, referring to the head being bent ventrad anteriorly.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; 12 km SE of Merrijig, Howqua River; 30 Nov. 1971; Neboiss leg.; MVMA HYM-86586.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MVMA HYM-86587 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more, or moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible concave in lateral view (mandibles directed somewhat ventrad giving appearance of being more strongly curved anteriorly), nearly glabrous. Genal angle present posteriorly, not prominent, head relatively flat. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose or with intermediate setation. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.57 mm; LM 0.89 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.39; EV/HE 0.94; EV/WF 0.79; WF/HE 1.18; WH/WF 1.62; OOL/WOT 1.67; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.42; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 2.79.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the type collection, from the eastern mountains.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This remarkable species does not have any similar relatives among known taxa in the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D434FFA5FD41A838FB092AB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D436FFA3FD51A8BDFDEA291C.text	03B687A0D436FFA3FD51A8BDFDEA291C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola circularis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola circularis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 48AD0B2A-3CDF-4675-BE55-520B97B93B7C</p><p>Figs 39, 46</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>An aberrant member of the kalarku species group, with the mandible strongly twisted and shiny, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus flat without any trace of a carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Immediately distinguished by the convex vertex crest in dorsal view, with the posterior corners of the head almost evenly curved between the posterior corners of each eye. In addition, the propodeum has a polished basal triangle extending only 1/3 distance to the declivity, and vein Rs does not reach the anterior wing margin.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ circularis ’, ‘round’, referring to the shape of the head.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.01666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.01666/lat -25.433332)">Boggomoss</a> No. 3; 25°26′ S, 150°01′ E; 11 Nov. 1996 – Jan. 1997; P. Lawless leg.; pitfall trap 093; QM T33426.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.01666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.01666/lat -25.433332)">Boggomoss 3 via Taroom</a>; 25°26′ S, 150°01′ E; 12 Nov. 1996 – Jan. 1997; D. Cook and G. Monteith leg.; pitfall trap 042; QM T33425 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to trapezoidal, apex truncate; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible very narrow, including at base; strongly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view slightly convex, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture shining and faintly reticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible dark basally, apical half orange. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.19 mm; LM 0.64 mm; WH/LH 0.85; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.61; EV/WF 0.61; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.84; OOL/WOT 1.39; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.08; HFL/HFW 2.09; A3 L/ W 1.11; 2R1 L/ W 3.57.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from two specimens collected at the same boggomoss in the southeast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The collection of both specimens of this species in pitfall traps, in an unusual habitat, suggests it attacks a ground-dwelling caterpillar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D436FFA3FD51A8BDFDEA291C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D430FFA1FD40ABC6FD2629E0.text	03B687A0D430FFA1FD40ABC6FD2629E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola cirrata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola cirrata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C126BAE7-3DD5-462B-8328-5E85AAD82AE2</p><p>Figs 39, 47</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Related to the cuneata species group with the frons narrow, basal wing cells glabrous to sparsely setose, and clypeus somewhat elongate, with a low carina dorsally and evenly sloping in profile. Immediately separated from all other species by the fine carinulae radiating from the base of the clypeus.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ cirratus ’, ‘fringed’, referring to the array of small carinae around the clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Upper Clayton Gully, near Cunningham’s Gap; elev. 400–600 m; 25 Apr. 1974; I. Naumann leg.; sweeping long grass; wet sclerophyll forest; QM T262154.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular to trapezoidal, apex rounded; dorsally with a low, elongate medial carina, laterally microreticulate with irregular carinae; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible narrow to moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black to reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.32 mm; LM 0.70 mm; WH/LH 0.70; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 0.59; EV/WF 0.74; WF/HE 0.79; WH/WF 1.93; OOL/WOT 1.18; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.05; HFL/HFW 2.17; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 3.31.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast near the border with New South Wales.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The basal wing cells each appear to have a single row of setae, but it is close to the anterior margin of the cells so they may appear mostly glabrous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D430FFA1FD40ABC6FD2629E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D432FFBCFD5FABE2FEDF2AE7.text	03B687A0D432FFBCFD5FABE2FEDF2AE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola claniae Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola claniae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 433FE20D-3EF0-433D-BAEF-FD8098E9B552</p><p>Figs 48–49</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Distinguished from most others by having the clypeus basally raised in a narrow, convex ridge, neither carinate nor entirely flat to the base. Separated from the similar, sympatric S. clavicula sp. nov. by having the clypeal basomedian ridge short, apical portion of clypeus flat and polished; head narrower and more quadrate in dorsal view, parallel-sided immediately posterior of the eyes; vein Rs reaching wing margin, cell 2R1 closed; and the propodeum with a broad polished median strip from base to declivity.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the apparent host, Clania lewinii (Westwood, 1855) ( Lepidoptera: Psychidae; recorded as C. tenuis Rosenstock, 1885).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; Ballarat; 9 Apr. 1954; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC 32-154820.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Black Mountain; 2 Jun. 1931; L.F. Graham leg.; ANIC • 1 ♀; Canberra; 18 Jan. 1980; D.F. Rentz leg.; ex swimming pool; ANIC . – New South Wales • 3 ♀♀; Royalla; 21 Mar. 1961; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC • 1 ♀; Lake George Range, 18 km N by W of Bungendore; 15 Feb. 1982; J.F. Lawrence and A. Calder leg.; on Xanthorrhoea australis; ANIC . – South Australia • 1 ♀; Mt Lofty Rgs; N.B. Tindale leg.; SAMA 32-42903 . – Victoria • 1 ♀; 18 km NW by N of Omeo; 28 Feb. 1980; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; on moth Clania tenuis; P. Cameron leg. 1914–110; NHMUK 13379657 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process quadrate, apex broadly rounded or truncate; dorsally with a rounded carina dorsally, effaced towards apex (broadened apical portion flat); in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, or nearly absent, polished. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum narrowly glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown to orange. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae dark brown, trochanters, tarsi, and bands at bases and apices of tibiae orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.96 mm; LM 1.00 mm (0.76–1.03); WH/LH 0.78 (0.76–0.80); DH/LH 0.52 (0.52–0.54); EV/HE 0.65 (0.56–0.67); EV/WF 0.60 (0.57–0.64); WF/HE 1.08 (0.98–1.13); WH/WF 1.74 (1.70–1.81); OOL/WOT 1.28 (1.28–1.44); DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.90 (1.83–2.04); HFL/HFW 2.38 (2.21–2.38); A3 L/ W 1.43 (1.25–1.43); 2R1 L/ W 2.67. N = 9.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, and South Australia. Widely distributed in the southeast and relatively common.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Cameron labelled the NHMUK specimens Sierola claniae but never published the name. I have kept the name to avoid confusion, though neither of those (both mounted on one card) are designated as the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D432FFBCFD5FABE2FEDF2AE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D42FFFBAFD55A8EBFB1429F5.text	03B687A0D42FFFBAFD55A8EBFB1429F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola clavicula Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola clavicula sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F0B3DD68-C254-4449-A666-5D14A7A67DA2</p><p>Figs 49–50</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Distinguished from most others by having the clypeus basally raised in a narrow, convex ridge, neither carinate nor entirely flat to the base. Separated from the similar, sympatric S. claniae sp. nov. by having the clypeal ridge extending to the apex, the entire clypeus dull and microreticulate; head broader and more circular in dorsal view, narrowed immediately posterior of eyes; vein Rs not reaching the wing margin, cell 2R1 open; and propodeum lacking a median polished area.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ clavicula ’, ‘key’, referring to the round head with a projecting clypeus appearing like a keyhole in dorsal view. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.0591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.0591/lat -35.261)">Cook</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.0591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.0591/lat -35.261)">8 Moss Street</a>; 35.261° S, 149.0591° E; elev. 632 m; 30 Oct. 2010; C. Carr, S. Kirk, J. McCormick, R. Rougerie and J. Sones leg.; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG00859-F11, process ID HYAS252-11, BIN AAY6880; ANIC 32-154821.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; BOLD: process ID AACTA5403-20, BIN AAY6880; ANIC . – New South Wales • 1 ♀; 7.5 km NE of Bilpin, Blue Mts; 23 Oct. 1982; N.W. Rodd leg.; AM K.628963 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.1441&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.0522" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.1441/lat -31.0522)">Cockburn River Camp</a>; 31.0522° S, 151.1441° E; elev. 461 m; 10 Dec. 2019; J.B. Dorey leg.; sweeping Brachychiton, sclerophyll forest; BPBM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process quadrate, apex truncate; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible dark basally, apical half reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, basal half of protibia brown, apical half yellow, meso- and metatibiae yellowish tinged with brown, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.75 mm; LM 1.42 mm (1.07–1.42); WH/LH 0.84 (0.84–0.89); DH/LH 0.49 (0.49–0.53); EV/HE 0.45 (0.37–0.45); EV/WF 0.45 (0.38–0.46); WF/HE 1.01 (0.97–1.01); WH/WF 1.76 (1.76–1.82); OOL/WOT 1.27 (0.98–1.27); DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.95 (1.91–2.06); HFL/HFW 2.39 (2.21–2.43); A3 L/ W 1.51 (1.35–1.51); 2R1 L/ W 2.89. N = 4.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory; known from four specimens, all recent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D42FFFBAFD55A8EBFB1429F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D429FFB8FD40ABFEFB83287C.text	03B687A0D429FFB8FD40ABFEFB83287C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola collina Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola collina sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0D6F58D2-08B0-42B0-A3A1-032D80245841</p><p>Figs 41, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the longifacies species group, characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/ LH 0.67–0.68), flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna (hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle strongly acute. Separated from similar species by having the head moderately deep for the group, DH/LH ≥ 0.47, mandible not twisted, clypeal carina prolonged posteriorly beyond the antennal sockets, vertex straight in dorsal view, ocellar triangle about equilateral rather than more elongate, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by about their diameter, and basal wing cells setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ collinus ’, ‘hilly’, referring to the type locality in the foothills of the Iron Range.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 9 km W by N of Mt Tozer; 12°44′ S, 143°08′ E; 30 Jun.–7 Jul. 1986; J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise trap /ethanol; ANIC 32-154822.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.58333/lat -11.75)">Heathlands dump</a>; 11°45′ S, 142°35′ E; 22 Mar.–25 Apr. 1992; T. McLeod leg.; Malaise #2, open forest; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 25 Apr.–7 Jun. 1992; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, prolonged posteriorly well beyond antennal sockets to about 1/3 eye height; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, those on S5–6 about twice as long as preceding. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing with intermediate setation, each with two complete rows and a few additional setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.51 mm; LM 0.82 mm (0.70–0.82); WH/LH 0.67 (0.67–0.68); DH/LH 0.49 (0.49–0.50); EV/HE 1.14 (1.06–1.17); EV/WF 1.25 (1.21–1.25); WF/HE 0.91 (0.88–0.95); WH/WF 1.91 (1.84–1.93); OOL/WOT 2.44 (2.44–2.47); DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 2.00 (2.00–2.15); HFL/HFW 2.18 (2.18–2.29); A3 L/ W 1.08 (0.92–1.08); 2R1 L/ W 2.69. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from three specimens collected on the Cape York Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D429FFB8FD40ABFEFB83287C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D42BFFB6FDABAA66FD492808.text	03B687A0D42BFFB6FDABAA66FD492808.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola comparata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola comparata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCC92E54-7735-4FE6-81FC-9940FBC348D7</p><p>Figs 49, 52</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the ficicola species group, with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short. Nearly identical to S. adelaidensis sp. nov., together distinguished from others by having the vertex narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli and mandible strongly convex outwardly, the second ventral tooth prominent. Separated by the shorter, truncate clypeus, the more ventrally concave mandible, and head longer posterior of the eye.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ comparatus ’, ‘comparing between two things’, referring to the close similarity between the two relatively widely separated collecting areas.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.45/lat -37.083332)">Deddick River</a>, 2 km WSW of Deddick; 37°05′ S, 148°27′ E; 3 Dec. 1985; A.L. Yen, M.S. Harvey and P.K. Lillywhite leg.; beat sample; MVMA HYM-86621.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • 1 ♀; Eastern Freeway Extension Survey Site #8; 7 Sep. 1989; P. Lillywhite and K. Ebert leg.; beat sample: Acacia mearnsii, 8/5; MVMA HYM-86603 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with second ventral tooth largest. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow-brown. Mandible black. Legs all brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing with intermediate setation, each with two complete rows and a few additional setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.90 mm; LM 0.97 mm; WH/LH 0.74; DH/LH 0.53; EV/HE 1.06; EV/WF 1.02; WF/HE 1.05; WH/WF 1.72; OOL/WOT 1.96; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 1.97; HFL/HFW 2.09; A3 L/ W 0.88; 2R1 L/ W 2.60.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known from two specimens.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. adelaidensis sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D42BFFB6FDABAA66FD492808	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D425FFB4FDAAAACBFBAC29B6.text	03B687A0D425FFB4FDAAAACBFBAC29B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola compressa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola compressa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B4F641AC-5DFF-479E-8930-AB570FD4D22C</p><p>Figs 49, 53</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Namesake of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely to densely setose. Distinguished from related species by the strongly acute ocellar triangle and clypeus recurved ventrally in profile. The frons is also very dull with a velvety appearance, different from the granular sculpture of others.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the extremely flattened body.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.56667/lat -26.866667)">near Westcott Plain</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.56667/lat -26.866667)">Bunya Mts National Park</a>; 26°52′ S, 151°34′ E; 6–7 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154823.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, obliquely truncate subapically, with dorsal tooth broad but short, on dorsal surface, indistinct, three ventral teeth pointed and equal. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture microreticulate and extremely dull, velvety. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dull yellow. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.90 mm; LM 1.01 mm; WH/LH 0.91; DH/LH 0.37; EV/HE 1.00; EV/WF 0.72; WF/HE 1.38; WH/WF 1.53; OOL/WOT 2.08; DM/LM 0.29; FL/FW 1.94; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 0.91; 2R1 L/ W 2.28.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the Bunya Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D425FFB4FDAAAACBFBAC29B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D427FFB2FD56ABB8FD60282A.text	03B687A0D427FFB2FD56ABB8FD60282A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola confecta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola confecta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 088D91DF-5722-4D8E-9351-E894D0F6C931</p><p>Figs 14, 54</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. United with S. contracta sp. nov., S. paracontracta sp. nov., S. parallela sp. nov., S. pericontracta sp. nov., and S. subcontracta sp. nov. in having the long setae brown, scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically with a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Forming a well-defined group with S. paracontracta and S. parallela, distinguished by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle and carinate occipital margin; separated from the former by the more strongly downcurved clypeus, from the latter by the slightly narrower clypeal ridge, and from both by the hyaline fore wing.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ confectus ’, ‘completed’ or ‘assembled’, referring to the discovery of this species late in preparation of this manuscript as the ‘missing piece’ Southeastern representative of the contracta subgroup.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Shoalhaven River 30 km W of Nowra; 25 Dec. 1986; G.A. Holloway leg.; AM K.628964.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex broadly rounded; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Moderately shining with distinct microreticulation over all terga, T4–6 punctate and conspicuously setose. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M elongate triangular, posterodistal corner extended into a point. Distal portion of vein Rs short, weakly curved, remote from wing margin (traceable to margin as a fold in certain lights).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.48 mm; LM 0.79 mm; WH/LH 0.85; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.40; EV/WF 0.44; WF/HE 0.90; WH/WF 1.78; OOL/WOT 0.98; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.83; HFL/HFW 2.14; A3 L/ W 1.08; 2R1 L/ W 2.65.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. parallela sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D427FFB2FD56ABB8FD60282A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D421FFB0FD5BAAD5FE902F36.text	03B687A0D421FFB0FD5BAAD5FE902F36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola confinis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola confinis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0F175AEC-E96C-44FB-82D6-7458CAC3D604</p><p>Figs 49, 55</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the longifacies species group, characterized by the very narrow, compressed head, somewhat flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna (hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle strongly acute. Separated from similar species by having the head relatively deep for the group, DH/LH 0.52, mandible slightly twisted, clypeal carina not prolonged posteriorly above the antennal sockets, vertex slightly concave in dorsal view, ocellar triangle very strongly acute, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by about their diameter, and basal wing cells setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ confinis ’, ‘bordering’, from the collection of the type series in the Border Ranges between Queensland and New South Wales.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Lever’s Plateau, via Rathdowney; elev. 640–670 m; 1 Nov. 1975; I. Naumann leg.; sweeping low vegetation in rainforest; QM T262155.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete.</p><p>Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S5–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose, or sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.89 mm; LM 0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.66; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 1.29; EV/WF 1.25; WF/HE 1.03; WH/WF 1.72; OOL/WOT 2.24; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.03; HFL/HFW 2.09; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.70.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland, undoubtedly also occurs in New South Wales; known only from two specimens collected together.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype has the basal wing cells distinctly more densely setose than the paratype, particularly at the apex of R.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D421FFB0FD5BAAD5FE902F36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D423FF4FFD50AD39FD392985.text	03B687A0D423FF4FFD50AD39FD392985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola contracta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola contracta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 20D6B5E0-2B46-4793-A610-35F52782262F</p><p>Figs 56–57</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. United with S. confecta sp. nov., S. paracontracta sp. nov., S. parallela sp. nov., S. pericontracta sp. nov., and S. subcontracta sp. nov. in having the long setae brown, scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically with a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Separated from the first four by the narrower head (WH/LH ~0.80) with posterior corners strongly rounded off, flat portion of the anterior clypeus distinct and rather broad, and frons punctation sparser posterior of the eyes with much longer setae (setae about twice as long as the medial flagellum width); and from the last by the low carina on the anterior frons, mandible entirely black, and fore wing evenly tinged with yellow.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ contractus ’, ‘narrowed’, referring to the clypeal margins converging but not meeting in a sharp carina.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; New Beach 24 mi. S of Carnarvon; 7 Oct. 1969; H. Evans and R.W. Matthews leg.; UCRC 537324.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex truncate; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a flat ridge on anterior face, antennal scrobes carinate; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about twice as long as flagellar width or more. Frons with shallow punctures, dense near antennae, 2–3 pit widths apart posterior of midpoint of eyes. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga, apical tergites punctate laterally. S3–5 each with a pair of long erect black setae near posterior margin.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna all brown except scape pale on apical third. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.44 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.80; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.40; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 0.79; WH/WF 1.86; OOL/WOT 0.83; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.75; HFL/HFW 1.93; A3 L/ W 1.06; 2R1 L/ W 3.50.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the central west coast near Shark Bay.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The species of this complex are largely allopatric, but so far each is only known from a single specimen. See also Remarks under S. parallela sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D423FF4FFD50AD39FD392985	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4DCFF4DFDB7AA4EFBA52994.text	03B687A0D4DCFF4DFDB7AA4EFBA52994.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola corynognatha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola corynognatha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4AF29CCD-AD74-44C4-8398- CAD 67D5A969D</p><p>Figs 49, 58</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells sparsely setose, mandible black, and head convex dorsally, forming a species pair with S. sinuata sp. nov., united by the unusual sinuate mandible (bent mesally near the base to form an outward concavity, apical half convex and swollen). Distinguished by the stripe of modified sculpture on the median frons (cellules greatly elongated, distinctly different from the round cellules of the rest of the head), head dorsally more strongly convex, lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, legs mostly yellow with the femora tinged brown, and in the head dimensions.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ koryne ’, ‘club’, + gnathos ’, ‘jaw’, referring to the apically swollen mandible. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Mundubbera; May 2000; C. Freebairn leg.; Malaise trap; UCRC 154014.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; bent inwards and conspicuously concave externally just past base, apical half outwardly convex and slightly swollen, outwardly coriaceous in median concavity, polished at base, apex somewhat shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view sinuate. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1–2 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture dull, granular (with distinct strip of dense lineate sculpture between the median ocellus and clypeus). Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–5 each with an apical band of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black (metasomal terga with slightly paler W-shaped marks). Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible black. Legs all yellow except dorsal margins of femora tinged with brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.70 mm; LM 0.90 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.56; EV/HE 0.46; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 0.93; WH/WF 1.87; OOL/WOT 1.02; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 1.97; HFL/HFW 2.12; A3 L/ W 1.21; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast interior.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4DCFF4DFDB7AA4EFBA52994	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4DEFF4BFDBCAA5FFD76293A.text	03B687A0D4DEFF4BFDBCAA5FFD76293A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola cremnophila Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola cremnophila sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D72EC25A-10DA-4B0B-B597-7425519ADCEB</p><p>Figs 57, 59</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of very broad, parallel-sided, slightly twisted mandible; lateral ocelli separated from the vertex by about their length; sparsely setose basal wing cells; and somewhat short clypeus, weakly curved in profile with the apical angle acute. Nearly identical to S. adversa sp. nov., separated by the straight, truncate anterior clypeal margin; shining, finely microreticulate frons sculpture; and lower OOL/WOT.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ kremnos ’, ‘cliff’, + ‘ phila ’, ‘loving’, referring to the collection of the type at Bluff Knoll.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; Stirling Ranges, near Bluff Knoll; Nov.–Dec. 1996; Austin, Harvey and Main leg.; above creek bed, Malaise trap; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process trapezoidal, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–5 each with an apical band of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.91 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.56; EV/HE 0.72; EV/WF 0.63; WF/HE 1.13; WH/WF 1.70; OOL/WOT 1.63; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 1.08; 2R1 L/ W 2.83.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, from the Stirling Ranges.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. adversa sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4DEFF4BFDBCAA5FFD76293A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4D8FF49FD43AB25FCEF284B.text	03B687A0D4D8FF49FD43AB25FCEF284B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola crinita Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola crinita sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1B0657E1-1E13-4880-856B-652A95EA42A6</p><p>Figs 14, 60</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and mandible black, easily recognized by the combination of cell 2R1 open (vein Rs not reaching the wing margin), narrow mandible, and malar space elongate, about 1/3 as long as the mandible base. Closest to S. regulus sp. nov., differing in the narrower head and ocellar triangle right to weakly acute.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ crinitus ’, long-haired, referring to the conspicuous setae of the metasoma.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">Bellingham Dam</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">117 Saltwood Road</a>; 41.0234° S, 147.2119° E; 15 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap 2; TMAG F153000.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; Blue Mts near Hampton; 3 Sep. 1978; B.J. Day leg.; from grass in pine forest; AM K.628962 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular to elongate trapezoidal, apex rounded or truncate; dorsally with a rounded carina, effaced towards apex; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to weakly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex, with a broad area of colliculate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black (sometimes slightly reddish on apical half). Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose, or with intermediate setation. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.53 mm; LM 0.81 mm; WH/LH 0.81; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.60; EV/WF 0.61; WF/HE 0.98; WH/WF 1.78; OOL/WOT 1.34; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.98; HFL/HFW 2.35; A3 L/ W 1.22; 2R1 L/ W 2.81.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania and New South Wales; known only from the holotype and one paratype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen from New South Wales differs slightly from the Tasmanian holotype, with the clypeus slightly narrower, head slightly deeper, metafemur slightly broader, and basal wing cells more sparsely setose. However, these appear to be within the range of normal variation, and it does not seem worth splitting them based on the two specimens on hand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4D8FF49FD43AB25FCEF284B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4DAFF47FD5EAA37FCF929B6.text	03B687A0D4DAFF47FD5EAA37FCF929B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola crowea Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola crowea sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 01D9A098-1B98-4B94-8C92-433180045499</p><p>Figs 57, 61</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the compressa species group, having the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells densely setose. Distinguished from related species by the strongly acute ocellar triangle, evenly curved clypeus in profile, dark femora, and coriaceous rather than strongly dull sculpture of the frons. The head is also slightly deeper than most similar species except S. medialis sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the type locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; Crowea State Forest near Pemberton; 29 Oct.–20 Dec. 1979; S.J. Curry leg.; Malaise trap, closed forest; ANIC 32-154824.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical or very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a sharp carina, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous to finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex or nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.02 mm; LM 1.02 mm; WH/LH 0.87; DH/LH 0.46; EV/HE 0.81; EV/WF 0.65; WF/HE 1.25; WH/WF 1.60; OOL/WOT 2.05; DM/LM 0.29; FL/FW 2.11; HFL/HFW 2.15; A3 L/ W 1.06; 2R1 L/ W 2.78.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4DAFF47FD5EAA37FCF929B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4D4FF45FD5BABB8FC892F1E.text	03B687A0D4D4FF45FD5BABB8FC892F1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola cuneata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola cuneata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 18A31FA8-9F49-4CFC-AD7C-1D7588629B6B</p><p>Figs 28, 62</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided or broadened beyond the antennae. Together with S. biloba sp. nov., differing from all other Sierola in having the clypeus apically emarginate, divided into two rounded lobes. Easily distinguished from that species by having the clypeus straight laterally rather than rounded, and with divergent lateral carinae that form a triangular enclosure with the slightly upturned apical rim. In addition, the lateral ocelli are separated from the vertex crest by less than their length; propodeal transverse carina faint, hardly differentiated from other striae; metasoma polished, with faint microsculpture only laterally; and vein Rs does not reach the anterior wing margin, leaving cell 2R1 open.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ cuneatus ’, ‘wedge-shaped’, referring to the peculiar shape of the clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.9534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.9788" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.9534/lat -33.9788)">near Renmark</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.9534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.9788" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.9534/lat -33.9788)">Border Cliffs Resort</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.9534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.9788" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.9534/lat -33.9788)">on property</a>; 33.9788° S, 140.9534° E; 5 Dec. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG02294-B12, process ID AUSBC308-12, BIN ABX1506; ANIC 32-154825.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • 1 ♀; Loch Sport; elev. 134 m; 2 Jan. 2003; L.J. Cookson leg.; MVMA HYM-86599 . – Western Australia • 1 ♀; 120 km N of Northampton; 27°29′ S, 114°43′ E; 4 Jan. 1995; L.S. and R.B. Kimsey leg.; ex Eucalyptus; UCDC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, rounded laterally, apex narrowly emarginate, forming two rounded lobes; dorsally flat with a faint median carina, bounded laterally by stronger carinae forming a triangular enclosure; in profile straight, slightly upturned at apex. Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished, smooth, shining; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of smooth tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture entirely smooth and polished. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible dark basally, apical half reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.27 mm; LM 0.71 mm; WH/LH 0.71 (0.71–0.75); DH/LH 0.48 (0.47–0.48); EV/ HE 0.71 (0.60–0.71); EV/WF 0.74 (0.64–0.74); WF/HE 0.96 (0.94–0.98); WH/WF 1.84 (1.81–1.86); OOL/WOT 1.48 (1.43–1.50); DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.03 (2.03–2.15); HFL/HFW 2.23 (2.23–2.36); A3 L/ W 0.91 (0.91–1.00); 2R1 L/ W 2.56. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia, South Australia, and Victoria. Known from three widely separated individuals.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen from Victoria has a distinct median propodeal carina while the holotype lacks one. However, despite their geographic separation, this does not seem sufficient to describe them as distinct species; they are otherwise more similar than most specimens regarded as conspecific. The median carina has been observed to be variable in some Hawaiian species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4D4FF45FD5BABB8FC892F1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4D6FF43FDA6ADC0FB562FD4.text	03B687A0D4D6FF43FDA6ADC0FB562FD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola curtirostris Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola curtirostris sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6FBF590E-0959-490E-9ED0-B60F12F56C2E</p><p>Figs 49, 63</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A distinctive species, recognizable by the unusual clypeus which is moderately short but broadened laterally anterior of the antennal sockets, the lateral margin rounded with a constriction between the anterior clypeal projection and posterior lateral lobe. This is shared only with its sibling species S. abrupta sp. nov., which differs in having the clypeus short with the apex nearly vertical in profile, head deeper (DH/LH 0.57 vs 0.51), and basal wing cells glabrous except cell R setose apically. The occipital margin is narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli and the wings infuscate, a combination otherwise found only in S. bidawal sp. nov. and S. lacustris sp. nov., both of which are very different; the former has the clypeus straight sloping in profile and head narrowed posterior of the eye, and the latter has the frons much broader (WF/HE 1.20 vs 1.00 in S. curtirostris).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ curtus ’, ‘short’, + ‘ rostrum ’, ‘nose’, referring to the short, broadly truncate clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.53334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.53334/lat -31.883333)">Dilgry River</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.53334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.53334/lat -31.883333)">Barrington Tops State Forest</a>; 31°53′ S, 151°32′ E; 15–16 Nov. 1981; T. Weir leg.; Pyrethrin spray, Banksia; ANIC 32-154826.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process short, broad, transverse, rounded laterally, apex truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae dark brown, trochanters, tarsi, and bands at bases and apices of tibiae orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.90 mm; LM 0.91 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.74; EV/WF 0.74; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.88; OOL/WOT 1.55; DM/LM 0.44; FL/FW 2.04; HFL/HFW 2.27; A3 L/ W 1.10; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in the central mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4D6FF43FDA6ADC0FB562FD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4D0FF41FDAFAD9EFCD92891.text	03B687A0D4D0FF41FDAFAD9EFCD92891.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola cylindrica Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola cylindrica sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1A8DE82D-D469-4F1F-928B-80EF56CA1004</p><p>Figs 14, 64</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species resembles some members of the longifacies group such as S. dolichops sp. nov. and S. elongata sp. nov., but is immediately distinguished by the extremely narrow head, which is nearly twice as long as wide. The mesosoma is also compressed, unlike in the longifacies group.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the peculiar elongate head, which is hardly wider than deep.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">Bellingham Dam</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">117 Saltwood Road</a>; 41.0234° S, 147.2119° E; 15 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap 2; TMAG F180578.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate to broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle very strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterior of eye, ventrally with colliculate-coriaceous sculpture. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.39 mm; LM 0.68 mm; WH/LH 0.52; DH/LH 0.43; EV/HE 1.47; EV/WF 1.79; WF/HE 0.82; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 3.31; DM/LM 0.30; FL/FW 2.33; HFL/HFW 2.30; A3 L/ W 1.23; 2R1 L/ W 2.63.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The very narrow head is the most extreme known in the genus. The OOL/WOT ratio is likewise the highest known; only a few others even approach 3.0.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4D0FF41FDAFAD9EFCD92891	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4D2FF5FFDA7AD5DFB6A2F35.text	03B687A0D4D2FF5FFDA7AD5DFB6A2F35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola desertorum Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola desertorum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 14056A24-8BD6-43FF-AB58-84D083B707FB</p><p>Figs 49, 65</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the compressa species group, having the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Distinguished from most related species by the strongly acute ocellar triangle, dull and granular frons microsculpture, and predominantly yellow legs. Closest to S. medialis sp. nov., separated by having the head nearly parallel-sided in lateral view, ocellar triangle more strongly acute (OOL/WOT over 2.00), femora slightly brownish, and posterior margin of cell 1M nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the remote desert type locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; 100 km S by E of Broken Hill; 32°51′ S, 141°37′ E; 3–13 Oct. 1986; E.D. Edwards leg.; Malaise trap /ethanol; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly to very strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna bright yellow. Mandible black. Coxae brown, femora brown dorsally, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose or sparsely setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.92 mm; LM 1.05 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.42; EV/HE 0.98; EV/WF 0.71; WF/HE 1.38; WH/WF 1.53; OOL/WOT 2.09; DM/LM 0.31; FL/FW 2.08; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 0.91; 2R1 L/ W 2.19.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, taken in the interior near the border with South Australia.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The setation of the basal wing cells is indistinct, and appears to have been damaged.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4D2FF5FFDA7AD5DFB6A2F35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4CCFF5AFD5DAD39FC8D2911.text	03B687A0D4CCFF5AFD5DAD39FC8D2911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola digitata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola digitata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FE403641-45A1-4A40-8AD9-6BD68F4D1753</p><p>Figs 66–67</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This unique species is easily recognized by the unusual clypeus, with the dorsal process narrow and rostrate, strongly convex dorsally, appearing finger-like in dorsal view, and strongly rounded and recurved apically in lateral view. The only Sierola with a similar rostrate clypeus are S. hawaiiensis Fullaway, 1920 and S. spicata Fullaway, 1920 of Hawaii, which are otherwise very different in most other respects. In general appearance it resembles the species of the vibrissata group, with the eyes large and head short posteriorly, but lacks the characteristic long setae found in those.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ digitus ’, ‘finger’, referring to the narrow, convex clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; Canberra, CSIRO, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">behind CSIRO</a>; 35.275° S, 149.1109° E; elev. 590 m; 9 Oct. 2010; C. Carr, P. Hebert, S. Kirk, J. McCormick and J. Sones leg.; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG00905-B06, process ID HYAT208-11, BIN ABA6234; ANIC 32-154827.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process narrow, rostrate (ventral portion triangular), apex weakly pointed; dorsally with a broad, rounded ridge; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with three subequal apical teeth and one inwardly-directed ventral tooth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest, or distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S5 with a pair of long erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.89 mm; LM 0.96 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.50; EV/HE 0.48; EV/WF 0.53; WF/HE 0.89; WH/WF 1.90; OOL/WOT 1.27; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.80; HFL/HFW 2.18; A3 L/ W 1.16; 2R1 L/ W 2.96.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australian Capital Territory; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4CCFF5AFD5DAD39FC8D2911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4C9FF58FD52ABDDFE572DC5.text	03B687A0D4C9FF58FD52ABDDFE572DC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola disjuncta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola disjuncta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CACBA51B-AFBA-4D35-8145-D2F422F1ACF9</p><p>Figs 67–68</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the megacephala group, with the head large and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and basal wing cells densely setose. Differing from related species in having the lateral ocelli close to the vertex crest which is narrowly carinate posterior of.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ disiunctus ’, ‘separated’, referring to the label coordinates being far off from the recorded locality, as well as the two known populations in New South Wales and Tasmania.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Dainers Gap; 36°12′ S, 148°43′ E; elev. 1585 m; 20 Mar. 1974; P. Morrow leg.; ex Eucalyptus perriniana; ANIC 32-154828.</p><p>Paratypes AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; 6 Mar. 1974; ANIC • 1 ♀; Dainers Gap; 36°12′ S, 148°43′ E; elev. 1585 m; 19 Sep. 1972; P. Morrow leg.; emerged from eggs laid on Agriophara sp.; ANIC • 1 ♀; Dainers Gap; 36°12′ S, 148°43′ E; elev. 1585 m; 6 Nov. 1973; P. Morrow leg.; Euc. pauciflora, stellulata, and perriniana forest; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 13 Dec. 1973; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 19 Dec. 1973; ANIC • 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 28 Dec. 1973; ANIC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9 Jan. 1974; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 21 Feb. 1974; ANIC. – Tasmania • 1 ♀; 1 km NE of Kingston; 26 Dec. 1979; J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC • 1 ♀; 9 km WSW of Derwent Bridge; 42°10′ S, 146°08′ E; 21 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 1 km E by N of Herrick; 41°06′ S, 147°53′ E; 29–30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with second ventral tooth largest. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length (sometimes slightly less). Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black with all tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown, or protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.26 mm; LM 1.15 mm (0.94–1.19); WH/LH 0.78 (0.78–0.83); DH/LH 0.47 (0.46–0.50); EV/HE 1.08 (0.97–1.10); EV/WF 0.88 (0.82–0.89); WF/HE 1.23 (1.18–1.28); WH/WF 1.63 (1.61–1.69); OOL/WOT 2.13 (2.07–2.29); DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.10 (2.06–2.28); HFL/HFW 2.59 (2.55–2.93); A3 L/ W 1.14 (1.00–1.30); 2R1 L/ W 2.62. N = 9.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, weakly shining. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Antenna longer, extending to middle of pronotum. Color . Mandible yellow. All tibiae brown.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.54 mm; LM 0.76 mm; WH/LH 0.90; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.73; EV/WF 0.67; WF/HE 1.09; WH/WF 1.78; OOL/WOT 1.40; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.44; HFL/HFW 2.93; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 2.63.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales and Tasmania; probably also occurs in Victoria.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>With 19 specimens, this species is represented by the largest number of any of the new species treated here. However, 16 of those are from a single locality. The coordinates listed on the label of the type series are approximately 30 km from the actual locality of Dainers Gap. If it was erroneously recorded as a mix of decimal degrees and decimal minutes then the coordinates are about 5km away, but still well outside the range of error. Although widely separated, the specimens from Tasmania do not differ from the NSW specimens except in having very slightly narrower profemur, well within the range of normal variation. In other measurements, similar variation is found in both populations despite the limited sampling available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4C9FF58FD52ABDDFE572DC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4CBFF56FDA3AF89FD5A2D57.text	03B687A0D4CBFF56FDA3AF89FD5A2D57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola disseminata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola disseminata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7DD7B974-4A3F-4E8D-B5D0-9C3BABFC5C13</p><p>Figs 67, 69</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the longifacies species group, characterized by the very narrow, compressed head, somewhat flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle strongly acute. Separated from similar species by having the head relatively deep for the group, DH/LH 0.49, mandible slightly twisted, clypeal carina not prolonged posteriorly above the antennal sockets, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by less than their diameter, and basal wing cells densely setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ disseminatus ’, ‘spread’ or ‘scattered’, referring to the widely separated Distribution of this species and its closest relatives S. collina sp. nov. and S. confinis sp. nov. along the eastern side.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">Bellingham Dam</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">117 Saltwood Road</a>; 41.0234° S, 147.2119° E; 15 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap 2; TMAG F180579.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided except at base; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.48 mm; LM 0.68 mm; WH/LH 0.67; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 1.15; EV/WF 1.24; WF/HE 0.93; WH/WF 1.85; OOL/WOT 2.30; DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.27; A3 L/ W 0.90; 2R1 L/ W 2.72.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4CBFF56FDA3AF89FD5A2D57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4C5FF54FD5EAF1BFB902D1E.text	03B687A0D4C5FF54FD5EAF1BFB902D1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola diversa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola diversa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D4C50287-D8C2-482D-AC0E-036A394E35E0</p><p>Figs 41, 70</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Distinguished by the combination of the head moderately deep (DH/LH 0.53–0.55) and convex dorsally; mandible moderately broad, parallel-sided or very weakly concave ventrally, slightly twisted, and black; lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest, ocellar triangle strongly acute; and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to S. exleyae sp. nov., which has the mandible very different, deeply concave ventrally and not twisted.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ diversus ’, ‘turned away’, referring to the type locality on the inland side of the northern wet forest and on a stream that flows away from the ocean for some distance before turning to reach the sea.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Davies Creek, 18 km E by S of Mareeba; 18 May 1980; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154829.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 2 ♀♀; Vines Creek Road; 17°41′ S, 145°32′ E; elev. 1100 m; 24 Nov. 1994; G.B. Monteith leg.; pyrethrum trees and logs; QM • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.3/lat -21.866667)">Upper Hall Creek</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.3/lat -21.866667)">via Carmila</a>; 21°52′ S, 149°18′ E; 4 Dec. 1996 – 6 Apr. 1997; G. Monteith and E. Mulder leg.; intercept, “RF” at creek; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided or slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.80 mm; LM 0.86 mm (0.80–0.86); WH/LH 0.83; DH/LH 0.55 (0.53–0.55); EV/ HE 0.59 (0.52–0.68); EV/WF 0.63 (0.59–0.76); WF/HE 0.93 (0.88–0.93); WH/WF 1.84 (1.84–1.91); OOL/WOT 1.56 (1.56–1.77); DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 1.96 (1.88–2.00); HFL/HFW 1.99 (1.91–1.99); A3 L/ W 0.92 (0.83–0.92); 2R1 L/ W 2.78. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from four specimens taken on the central to northern coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4C5FF54FD5EAF1BFB902D1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4C7FF53FD51AFC1FB582801.text	03B687A0D4C7FF53FD51AFC1FB582801.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola dolichops Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola dolichops sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8006C85E-CFBF-4739-B8BE-8B26D3F273E6</p><p>Figs 71–72</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the longifacies species group, characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/LH 0.63–0.68), flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna (hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle very strongly acute. Separated from similar species by having the clypeus very short, steep and straight in profile; mandible slightly twisted and outwardly convex; dull, granular frons microsculpture; vertex straight in dorsal view; lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by less than their diameter; and basal wing cells setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ dolichos ’, ‘long, + ‘ ops ’, ‘face’, referring to the shape of the head and the similarity of this species to S. longifacies . It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Toogoom; 11 Oct. 1979; H.E. and M.A. Evans leg.; QM T262156.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally flat, with a trace of a low carina; in profile very short, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, slightly to distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; slightly twisted, outwardly slightly curved so that ventral tooth slightly posterior of second, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle very strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterior of eye, ventrally with colliculate-coriaceous sculpture. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely or sparsely setose. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.46 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.66; DH/LH 0.42; EV/HE 1.28; EV/WF 1.24; WF/HE 1.03; WH/WF 1.73; OOL/WOT 2.44; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.09; HFL/HFW 2.26; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.93.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected on the southeast coast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen is glued with the wings down, so the precise wing setation is uncertain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4C7FF53FD51AFC1FB582801	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4C0FF51FDA1AAC2FC9B2F19.text	03B687A0D4C0FF51FDA1AAC2FC9B2F19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola dolichothrix Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola dolichothrix sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1FB02520-B35E-4C9B-991E-82BC6DFF50D8</p><p>Figs 41, 73</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, dense frons punctation, and the basal wing cells very densely setose. Closest to S. vulsa sp. nov. in having the long setae yellow-brown rather than black; joined with S. reburra sp. nov. in having the head narrow and a sharp, thin, laminate clypeal carina, continuous from the anterior to dorsal surface between the antennal sockets, distinguished by the yellow mandible and polished dorsal metasoma.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ dolichos ’, ‘long’, + ‘ thrix ’, ‘hair’, referring to the very long setae of the vertex and gena. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.2382" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.427/lat -16.2382)">Cow Bay</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.2382" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.427/lat -16.2382)">Cape Tribulation</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.2382" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.427/lat -16.2382)">Daintree Discovery Centre</a>; 16.2382° S, 145.427° E; elev. 86 m; 26 Oct.–2 Nov. 2014; C.J. Bennett leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG43544-H04, process ID GMQQD182-18, BIN ADX2126; ANIC 32-154830.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; 12 km SSE of Heathlands; 11°51′ S, 142°38′ E; 22 Mar.–25 Apr. 1992; T. McLeod leg.; closed forest, Malaise #3 and #4; ANIC • 1 ♀; 14 km ENE of Heathlands; 11°41′ S, 142°42′ E; 12 Aug.–9 Sept. 1993; P. Zborowski and S. Shattuck leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex rounded; dorsally with a thin, laminar carina, the sides strongly concave; in profile strongly arched, vertical or slightly recurved at apex, carina extending posterior of antennal sockets. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc slightly convex. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, those on S5–6 about twice as long as preceding. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma brownish. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible yellow. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.31 mm; LM 0.73 mm (0.67–0.73); WH/LH 0.77 (0.76–0.78); DH/LH 0.48 (0.48–0.51); EV/HE 0.51 (0.51–0.57); EV/WF 0.59 (0.57–0.63); WF/HE 0.86 (0.86–0.90); WH/WF 1.78 (1.67–1.78); OOL/WOT 0.94 (0.94–1.03); DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 1.96 (1.89–1.96); HFL/HFW 1.77 (1.77–1.95); A3 L/ W 0.91 (0.82–0.91); 2R1 L/ W 2.88. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two locations in the far north.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This and S. reburra sp. nov. are the only species with a distinct, high, sharp clypeal carina treated here. There are likely other related species yet to be discovered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4C0FF51FDA1AAC2FC9B2F19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4C2FF6FFD5CADC5FCF72CE2.text	03B687A0D4C2FF6FFD5CADC5FCF72CE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola elasson Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola elasson sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 618A40A3-C90B-4D2C-8C7F-DE6100E41EDE</p><p>Figs 67, 74</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Distinguished from most other species by having the head both broad and deep, strongly convex dorsally and ventrally. Closest to S. stilboparia sp. nov., united in having the frons coriaceous, head not quite as wide as long, broad metafemur, and gena with a distinctive smooth polished area between the eye and a band of coarsely tesselate ventral sculpture. Differing in having the vertex crest straight (not emarginate), head obtusely angulate ventrally, and propodeum with an anterior raised, reticulate triangular area narrowing to a distinct median carina.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ elasson ’, ‘smaller’, for F.M. Littler who collected the two earliest specimens. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; Bellingham; 41.016° S, 147.197° E; Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap; TMAG F180581.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; Launceston; 12 Feb. 1914; SAMA 32-42901 • 1 ♀; Launceston; 17 Dec. 1916; F.M. Littler leg.; SAMA 32-42926 • 1 ♂; Launceston; 25 Dec. 1916; F.M. Littler leg.; SAMA 32-42072 • 1 ♀; Launceston; SAMA 32-42933 • 2 ♀♀; Bellingham; 41.016° S, 147.197° E; Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap; TMAG F180582, F180583 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">Bellingham Dam</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">117 Saltwood Road</a>; 41.0234° S, 147.2119° E; 15 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap 2; TMAG F180580 . – Victoria • 1 ♀; Melbourne, Werribee Gorge; 37°40′ S, 144°20′ E; 12 May 1993; P. Lillywhite leg.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.33333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.33333/lat -37.666668)">Melbourne Western Region Survey</a>, canopy fogging grey box woodland rep. 2; MVMA HYM-86604 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded or weakly pointed; dorsally weakly carinate, or rounded, convex; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished, smooth, shining; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture smooth and polished ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina distinct posteriorly, with a median triangular raised, finely reticulate area covering anterior 1/3; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, all tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose, or sparsely setose with cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.24 mm; LM 1.21 mm (1.20–1.35); WH/LH 0.92 (0.91–0.94); DH/LH 0.64 (0.60–0.64); EV/HE 0.45 (0.44–0.48); EV/WF 0.46 (0.46–0.50); WF/HE 0.98 (0.89–1.04); WH/WF 1.81 (1.75–1.92); OOL/WOT 1.21 (1.07–1.21); DM/LM 0.43; FL/FW 1.89 (1.73–1.89); HFL/HFW 1.94 (1.87–2.02); A3 L/ W 1.29 (1.08–1.29); 2R1 L/ W 2.27. N = 4.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, setae scarcely longer than flagellum width. Occipital margin bluntly carinate posterior of lateral ocelli, broadly rounded laterally. Gena ventral of eye with smooth patch well-defined as in female but with faint reticulation, not highly polished.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.95 mm; LM 1.05 mm; WH/LH 0.95; DH/LH 0.61; EV/HE 0.52; EV/WF 0.52; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.08; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.15; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 1.06; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania and Victoria; known from two localities.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>One of the female paratypes has an associated cocoon, but no rearing information; it is also heavily damaged and the metasoma is missing. While a number of species are found in both Tasmania and Victoria, it is unusual that the closely related S. stilboparia sp. nov. is also found in the latter; however, it differs in a number of distinct respects, and the Victoria specimen of S. elasson sp. nov. clearly matches the Tasmanian specimens rather than that species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4C2FF6FFD5CADC5FCF72CE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4FFFF6DFD57A85DFE762CA4.text	03B687A0D4FFFF6DFD57A85DFE762CA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola elongata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola elongata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7556CB51-AE16-4B0F-9F1A-BCB3AA7F5038</p><p>Figs 26, 75</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the longifacies species group, characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/LH 0.62–0.68), flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna (hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle very strongly acute. Separated from similar species by the extreme head dimensions, very long and narrow, with the eyes small; clypeus rounded and recurved in profile; mandible moderately broad and concave ventrally, outwardly convex but not twisted; vertex slightly concave in dorsal view; lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by slightly more than their length.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the extremely long, narrow head.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Northern Territory • ♀; Trephina Gorge, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.38333/lat -23.533333)">east MacDonalds</a>; 23°32′ S, 134°23′ E; 17 Oct. 1995; K. Walker leg.; on Eucalyptus; MVMA HYM-86597.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle very strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae (?). Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.55 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.64; DH/LH 0.41; EV/HE 1.58; EV/WF 1.36; WF/HE 1.16; WH/WF 1.68; OOL/WOT 2.93; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.19; HFL/HFW 2.33; A3 L/ W 0.83; 2R1 L/ W 1.48.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Northern Territory; known only from the holotype, collected in the desert interior.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The basal wing cells are mostly obscured by glue and the setation is unclear. The extreme head dimensions are close to an undescribed species from Samoa, which however has cell 2R1 extremely long and narrow.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4FFFF6DFD57A85DFE762CA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4F9FF6BFD5DA85DFEE32CC0.text	03B687A0D4F9FF6BFD5DA85DFEE32CC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola erugata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola erugata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FFB92581-04DD-46A0-B723-239A9404C3A7</p><p>Figs 72, 76</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the kalarku species group, with the mandible strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal view, vertex slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus without any trace of a carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Distinguished from related species by the combination of the clypeus flat, malar space very small, frons sparsely punctate, propodeum with a polished strip extending to the declivity, and vein Rs not reaching the anterior wing margin. The frons is also more polished than in similar species, with the microreticulation only faintly visible.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ erugatus ’, ‘smooth and without wrinkles’, referring to the smooth frons.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.96666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.96666/lat -26.133333)">Nangur State Forest</a>; 26°08′ S, 151°58′ E; 24 Nov. 1995; G.B. Monteith leg.; pyrethrum trees 6129; QM T262157.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; Murwillumbah–Coffs Harbor Hwy 1; 2 Sep. 1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; car net; UCDC . – Queensland • 1 ♀; Mt Blackwood; 18 Nov. 1992; Monteith, Thompson and Janetzki leg.; pyrethrum; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; strongly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dull yellow. Mandible dark basally, apical half orange. Procoxa brown basally and yellow apically, basal 2/3 of profemur dark brown, metafemur tinged with brown, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.23 mm; LM 0.72 mm (0.69–0.76); WH/LH 0.90 (0.85–0.90); DH/LH 0.55 (0.50–0.55); EV/HE 0.38 (0.38–0.39); EV/WF 0.44 (0.43–0.45); WF/HE 0.85 (0.85–0.88); WH/WF 1.88 (1.80–1.88); OOL/WOT 1.12 (1.06–1.16); DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.93 (1.93–2.05); HFL/HFW 2.18 (2.06–2.18); A3 L/ W 0.86 (0.80–0.92); 2R1 L/ W 2.94. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland and New South Wales; known from three widely-separated specimens in the eastern forest region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4F9FF6BFD5DA85DFEE32CC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4FBFF69FDA1A85DFE272CCB.text	03B687A0D4FBFF69FDA1A85DFE272CCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola eurycephala Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola eurycephala sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD329D0A-B688-49D4-A69E-99931AFF0EBE</p><p>Figs 72, 77</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Easily recognized by the combination of head as wide or wider than long and convex dorsally, mesosoma compressed, and ocellar triangle strongly obtuse. The head is distinctly narrowed posterior of the eyes, giving it a round appearance in dorsal view.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ eurys ’, ‘broad’, + ‘ kephalon ’, ‘head’, referring to the head being wider than long.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Boggomoss <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.05/lat -25.516666)">10 via Taroom</a>; 25°31′ S, 150°03′ E; 13 Nov. 1996 – Jan. 1997; D. Cook and G. Monteith leg.; baited flight intercept 063; QM T33427.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex weakly pointed; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina or weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute or rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with moderately close punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, 1–3 pit widths apart, sparse posteriorly. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and basal 2/3 of femora brownish, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.65 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 1.03; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 0.37; EV/WF 0.36; WF/HE 1.05; WH/WF 1.80; OOL/WOT 0.74; DM/LM 0.32; FL/FW 1.71; HFL/HFW 1.92; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 2.35.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species may be related to the compressa species group, but is distinctly different in having the head clearly convex dorsally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4FBFF69FDA1A85DFE272CCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4F5FF64FD5AA85DFCB8291D.text	03B687A0D4F5FF64FD5AA85DFCB8291D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola euryops Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola euryops sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BB80DDDA-990C-4EB0-ABD7-825A1F569D37</p><p>Figs 67, 78</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A distinctive species, easily recognized by the quadrate head which is more or less flat dorsally and ventrally, large eyes which are distinctly convex medially, thus the frons narrow (WF/HE 0.78–0.81), ocellar triangle strongly acute, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by about their length, and moderately broad mandible with the apex distinctly broader than the base. Cell 2R1 of the fore wing is also unusually short and broad.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ eurys ’, ‘wide’, + ‘ ops ’, ‘eye’, referring to the unusually broad eyes and correspondingly narrow frons. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; F[ern]. T[ree]. Gully; 13 May 1917; “E. 11–17” [?]; MVMA HYM-86581.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MVMA, HYM-86581 (all mounted on a single card) .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally with a low carina, prolonged posteriorly well beyond antennal sockets to about 1/3 eye height, or with a sharp carina; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head weakly convex to nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.12 mm; LM 1.04 mm (0.98–1.04); WH/LH 0.79 (0.79–0.81); DH/LH 0.52 (0.52–0.53); EV/HE 0.85 (0.81–0.85); EV/WF 1.05 (1.03–1.09); WF/HE 0.81 (0.78–0.81); WH/WF 2.24 (2.24–2.37); OOL/WOT 1.67 (1.65–1.68); DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.48 (2.38–2.48); HFL/HFW 2.68 (2.68–2.73); A3 L/ W 1.00 (0.94–1.00); 2R1 L/ W 1.87. N = 3.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Generally much more short and compact, not elongate and quadrate. Frons microsculpture finely reticulate. Mesosoma . Femora very narrow. Color . Antenna nearly all yellow, tinged with brown dorsally. Mandible yellow.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.48 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.60; EV/HE 0.63; EV/WF 0.73; WF/HE 0.86; WH/WF 2.07; OOL/WOT 1.05; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.59; HFL/HFW 2.93; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 1.68.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the type series, collected in Melbourne.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>There are four specimens mounted on one card; the bottom right one (as viewed with the pin at the bottom center) is the holotype, the others are paratypes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4F5FF64FD5AA85DFCB8291D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4F7FF62FD4BABC6FD5A2911.text	03B687A0D4F7FF62FD4BABC6FD5A2911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola exilis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola exilis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 147AC6AF-5D05-4D03-8B21-709992356F4B</p><p>Figs 67, 79</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Readily distinguished from all others by the extremely flattened body, with the mesosoma about 4 times as long as deep and head about 3 times as long as deep, and smooth frons microsculpture. Closest to S. mirabilis sp. nov., which is even more flattened and has the mandible very narrow including at the base.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ exilis ’, ‘thin’, referring to the extremely flattened body.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 19 km NW by N of St Helens; 41°11′ S, 148°07′ E; 14 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154831.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally weakly carinate or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, nearly glabrous. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly coriaceous. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, tinged with brown dorsally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.62 mm; LM 0.83 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.31; EV/HE 0.94; EV/WF 0.71; WF/HE 1.31; WH/WF 1.60; OOL/WOT 1.89; DM/LM 0.25; FL/FW 2.05; HFL/HFW 2.10; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 2.69.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4F7FF62FD4BABC6FD5A2911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4F1FF60FD5CABDDFB13299A.text	03B687A0D4F1FF60FD5CABDDFB13299A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola exleyae Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola exleyae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6BF9F44A-0C30-4F93-A207-FF3A11C9520B</p><p>Figs 72, 80</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally and ventrally and basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most species by the moderately broad frons, clypeus semi-elliptical with a low carina dorsally, head moderately broad and deep, mandible distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest. Closest to S. lacustris sp. nov. and S. ovata sp. nov.; separated from the former by the coriaceous frons microsculpture, vertex not carinate between the lateral ocelli, narrower frons (WF/HE ~1.10 vs 1.15–1.20), and head slightly deeper (DH/LH ~0.57 vs 0.53–0.54), and from the latter by the sparsely setose basal wing cells, more elongate cell 2R1, and more elongate clypeus in profile. Additionally separated from both by the median polished strip of the propodeum</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the collector, Dr Elizabeth M. Exley, a noted hymenopterist at the University of Queensland.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Mt Gosford; 7 Nov. 1965; E.M. Exley leg.; Lophostemon; QM T262158.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Chalamar [= Chelmer?]; 5 Sep. 1979; G. Gordh and C. Dahma leg.; UCRC 556766 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum narrowly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally, becoming longer laterad.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.74 mm; LM 0.91 mm; WH/LH 0.82; DH/LH 0.57; EV/HE 0.79; EV/WF 0.71; WF/HE 1.11; WH/WF 1.71; OOL/WOT 1.55; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 2.13; HFL/HFW 2.19; A3 L/ W 1.08; 2R1 L/ W 2.56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland and New South Wales; known from two specimens, both taken near the coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4F1FF60FD5CABDDFB13299A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4F3FF7EFD5FAA45FBB72AA9.text	03B687A0D4F3FF7EFD5FAA45FBB72AA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola ficicola Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola ficicola sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7E59C56E-8560-4AA8-9871-DFE6D431AA95</p><p>Figs 81, 90</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Namesake of the ficicola species group, with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short. Closest to S. carruca sp. nov., joined in having the lateral ocelli somewhat close to the vertex crest which is not carinate posterior of ocelli; separated by the reddish brown mandible and deeper head (DH/LH ~0.52) which is moderately setose ventrally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the collection of the type at the Curtain Fig tree, near Yungaburra.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Curtain Fig, 2 km SSW of Yungaburra; 17°17′ S, 145°34′ E; 28 Jan. 1988; D.C.F. Rentz leg.; pantraps; ANIC 32-154832.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.32 mm; LM 0.69 mm; WH/LH 0.74; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 1.04; EV/WF 1.00; WF/HE 1.04; WH/WF 1.76; OOL/WOT 1.99; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.95; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 0.92; 2R1 L/ W 2.94.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in northern rain forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4F3FF7EFD5FAA45FBB72AA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4EDFF7CFD48AB55FED72D58.text	03B687A0D4EDFF7CFD48AB55FED72D58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola filicis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola filicis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EF41299B-C64C-441A-AFAE-07F5AA61D0E9</p><p>Figs 82–83</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Readily distinguished by the glabrous basal wing cells, distinctly infuscate wings, entirely microreticulate propodeum, distinct malar space, and mandible strongly convex outwardly. Closest to S. acta sp. nov., S. infecta sp. nov., and S. peras sp. nov., all of which have the wings hyaline and mandible not convex outwardly. In addition, the two former have a polished area on the propodeum, while the latter has the ocellar triangle wider (OOL/WOT ~1.03 vs 1.39 in S. filicis sp. nov.) and antenna short (A3 wider than long; distinctly longer than wide in S. filicis).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ filicis ’, ‘fern’, referring to the collection of the holotype. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.0879" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.183/lat -36.0879)">Kosziuscko</a>; 36.0879° S, 148.183° E; 13 Dec. 2019; K. Magnacca leg.; fern gully, sweeping ferns; ANIC 32-154833.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites punctate laterally. S2–5 each with a somewhat dense apical row of short setae. Sixth sternum narrowly glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, basal half of tibiae tinged with brown, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.95 mm; LM 1.02 mm; WH/LH 0.83; DH/LH 0.57; EV/HE 0.52; EV/WF 0.60; WF/HE 0.86; WH/WF 1.93; OOL/WOT 1.39; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.95; HFL/HFW 2.45; A3 L/ W 1.51; 2R1 L/ W 2.72.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in montane rainforest near the border with Victoria.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4EDFF7CFD48AB55FED72D58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4EFFF7AFDAAAF1AFBE92F9A.text	03B687A0D4EFFF7AFDAAAF1AFBE92F9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola flavicauda Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola flavicauda sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2019E601-B457-416F-B486-39D3813EC33D</p><p>Figs 83–84</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The bright yellow metasoma makes this species unique in the genus, and the broad, relatively deep head is also distinctive.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ flavus ’, ‘yellow’, + ‘ caudus ’, ‘tail’, referring to the yellow metasoma.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Sydney; A.M. Lea leg.; SAMA 32-42918.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1–2 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture minutely colliculate, appearing dull at low magnification but with each cellule shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae absent. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to mesoscutum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina faintly present; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma bright yellow except S1 and base of T1. Antenna yellow, tinged with brown dorsally. Mandible black. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.77 mm; LM 1.39 mm; WH/LH 1.00; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.74; EV/WF 0.53; WF/HE 1.40; WH/WF 1.66; OOL/WOT 1.53; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.31; HFL/HFW 2.86; A3 L/ W 1.80; 2R1 L/ W 2.21.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected near Sydney.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4EFFF7AFDAAAF1AFBE92F9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4E9FF78FD40AC44FC612E7D.text	03B687A0D4E9FF78FD40AC44FC612E7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola furtiva Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola furtiva sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E7857585-D6B3-42E9-9DCB-8E97A1663BD3</p><p>Figs 83, 85</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose; belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse and head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to S. specularis sp. nov. in having the mandible strongly convex outwardly and basal wing cells sparsely setose; separated by the weakly acute ocellar triangle with the lateral ocelli slightly removed from the vertex crest, coriaceous frons microsculpture, and posterior margin of cell 1M weakly convex with the distal corner more angulate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ furtivus ’, ‘concealed’ or ‘furtive’, from the adaptation of this species to sneaking into the concealed hiding places of its prey.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; Canberra; 2 Jun. 1948; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC 32- 154834.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a sharp carina, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broadened toward apex; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular to coriaceous. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly, weakly microreticulate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites punctate laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.11 mm; LM 1.14 mm (0.92–1.14); WH/LH 0.88 (0.88–0.90); DH/LH 0.40 (0.36-0.40); EV/HE 0.68 (0.66–0.71); EV/WF 0.55 (0.55–0.59); WF/HE 1.22 (1.17–1.22); WH/WF 1.59 (1.59–1.65); OOL/WOT 1.64 (1.55–1.70); DM/LM 0.31; FL/FW 1.81 (1.81–2.00); HFL/HFW 1.83 (1.83–1.93); A3 L/ W 0.86 (0.77–0.86); 2R1 L/ W 2.40. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australian Capital Territory; known only from one collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4E9FF78FD40AC44FC612E7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4EBFF76FD5DAC61FE0E2E64.text	03B687A0D4EBFF76FD5DAC61FE0E2E64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola gingera Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola gingera sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8E083C5F-7B97-4A47-825C-8FCD7AA2A816</p><p>Figs 83, 86</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally and basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most others by the elongate, conspicuous vertex and gena setae and somewhat strongly compressed head (DH/LH ~0.47). Closest to S. boggomoss sp. nov., separated by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle, with the lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, and more densely setose basal wing cells.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the type locality, Mt Gingera. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; Mt Gingera; 4 Feb. 1965; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC 32-154835.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a rounded carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and apex brown, middle flagellomeres brown dorsally and orange ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.09 mm; LM 1.16 mm; WH/LH 0.87; DH/LH 0.47; EV/HE 0.70; EV/WF 0.63; WF/HE 1.11; WH/WF 1.76; OOL/WOT 1.20; DM/LM 0.32; FL/FW 2.10; HFL/HFW 2.19; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.45.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australian Capital Territory; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is somewhat undistinctive, but the combination of characters listed in the diagnosis easily separates it from all others.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4EBFF76FD5DAC61FE0E2E64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4E5FF74FD52AC6EFC152FD4.text	03B687A0D4E5FF74FD52AC6EFC152FD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola glutinata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola glutinata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D1527EED-38DE-4C21-8E81-14AB2D61DC38</p><p>Figs 72, 87</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to S. ustulata sp. nov. in lacking a distinct malar space and having the head strongly convex ventrally; distinguished by the narrow frons, slightly more compressed head, and ventral margin of the mandible less conspicuously concave.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ glutinatus ’, ‘glued’, referring to the excess glue on the holotype.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Mt Glorious; 13 Feb.–19 Jul. 1991; A. Hiller leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262159.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black, clypeus orange to yellow. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown to orange. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.58 mm; LM 0.78 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.59; EV/HE 0.58; EV/WF 0.71; WF/HE 0.82; WH/WF 2.06; OOL/WOT 1.51; DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.65; A3 L/ W 1.22; 2R1 L/ W 2.69.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected near Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4E5FF74FD52AC6EFC152FD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4E7FF72FDB6AD9EFEAF2D20.text	03B687A0D4E7FF72FDB6AD9EFEAF2D20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola glyphognatha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola glyphognatha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 89C66012-40BD-4D83-B4DB-2EB814E5E8FF</p><p>Figs 83, 88</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable by the peculiar mandible which is deeply notched near the base, broadest at the medial bend, and slightly narrowed at the apex. In addition, the clypeus is flat dorsally but sharply carinate anteriorly, basal wing cells very densely setose, and distal portion of vein Rs does not reach the anterior wing margin.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ glyphis ’, ‘notch’, + ‘ gnathos ’, ‘jaw’, referring to the deep concavity at the base of the mandible. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.46666/lat -41.966667)">Ewart Creek</a>; 41°58′ S, 145°28′ E; 16 Jan.–2 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise /ethanol; ANIC 32-154836.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 2 ♀♀; King Is., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">Pegarah Nature Reserve</a>; 39.9441° S, 143.9905° E; 19 Nov.– 16 Dec. 2023; S.J. Grove, L. Cambra and M. Beattie leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F152997, F180574 • 1 ♀; King Is., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">Pegarah Nature Reserve</a>; 39.9441° S, 143.9905° E; 18 Dec. 2023 – 13 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series; TMAG F152995 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process triangular, apex pointed; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible strongly constricted near base, apical half broadened and club-like; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view distinctly elbowed externally, internal margin nearly straight. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture coriaceous to finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to mesoscutum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with very faint microreticulation over posterior terga. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.62 mm; LM 0.79 mm (0.76–0.85); WH/LH 0.93 (0.92–0.95); DH/LH 0.62 (0.60–0.62); EV/HE 0.33 (0.32–0.36); EV/WF 0.37 (0.35–0.38); WF/HE 0.91 (0.90–0.93); WH/WF 1.81 (1.74–1.84); OOL/WOT 0.96 (0.91–0.98); DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.17 (2.00–2.17); HFL/HFW 2.38 (2.27–2.38); A3 L/ W 1.14 (1.14–1.32); 2R1 L/ W 3.29. N = 4.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from the holotype and a series of specimens collected on King Island.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This striking species appears to be have a mix of characters from several seemingly unrelated species groups. The frons and clypeus resemble those of the contracta complex, while the mandible is very similar to that of S. koa Fullaway, 1920 of Hawaii. Among species treated here it most closely resembles S. opprimator sp. nov., but the notched mandible and narrower head, and different clypeus immediately distinguish it.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4E7FF72FDB6AD9EFEAF2D20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4E1FF71FD5DAF22FB122F85.text	03B687A0D4E1FF71FD5DAF22FB122F85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola gudang Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola gudang sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9B24CB76-4131-4520-A755-E5F5137279D8</p><p>Figs 89–90</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>United with S. truncata sp. nov. by the unusual clypeus, which is high and weakly carinate dorsally, abruptly truncate apically, with a distinct vertical surface visible in lateral view. Separated by having the mandible concave ventrally, narrowed just beyond the base and broadened medially, slightly constricted again near the teeth; basal cells of the fore wing sparsely setose; head shorter posterior of the eyes, EV/ HE 0.50–0.75; and frons narrower, WF/HE ~0.90.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the Gudang people, the Aboriginal inhabitants of the tip of Cape York. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 2 km S of Cape York; 10°43′ S, 142°32′ E; 20 Jun. 1993; I.D. Naumann and P. Zborowski leg.; open forest; ANIC 32-154837.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate, abruptly cut off apically; in profile gently sloping dorsally, distally nearly vertical or slightly angled back. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed just beyond base and broadened distally, apex slightly narrowed, broadest at apical 2/3; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Procoxa and femur yellow except dorsal margin of femur, meso- and metafemora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.19 mm; LM 0.61 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.55; EV/HE 0.63; EV/WF 0.70; WF/HE 0.90; WH/WF 1.87; OOL/WOT 1.65; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.89; HFL/HFW 2.09; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.82.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected near the tip of Cape York.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The unusual clypeus is very similar to S. truncata sp. nov., but it is different in many other respects, as listed in the diagnosis. The unusual mandible, narrowing at the apex, is especially notable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4E1FF71FD5DAF22FB122F85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4E2FF0FFD40AC49FBCC2FE9.text	03B687A0D4E2FF0FFD40AC49FBCC2FE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola helena Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola helena sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9CC9FB2D-1D02-4F68-8708-F8230E13017F</p><p>Figs 72, 91</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A somewhat nondescript species, identifiable by the combination of the head dorsally convex and compressed in lateral view (DH/LH ~0.53), frons not particularly broad, clypeus rounded and recurved apically, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to S. terpsilithus sp. nov., differing in the distinctly rounded, broader head (WH/LH 0.79, OOL/WOT 1.39), laterally angulate between the posterior eye margin and occiput.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the type locality, St Helena Creek. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; “St. Helena” via Wollomombi; 23 Apr. 1973; I. Naumann leg.; open forest; long grass; QM T262160.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a rounded carina, effaced towards apex; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell, or cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.46 mm; LM 0.82 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.53; EV/HE 0.54; EV/WF 0.57; WF/HE 0.95; WH/WF 1.84; OOL/WOT 1.10; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.94.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in the northeast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4E2FF0FFD40AC49FBCC2FE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D49CFF0DFD40ADEAFC722E2A.text	03B687A0D49CFF0DFD40ADEAFC722E2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola infecta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola infecta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E0A00469-377A-44C8-9C89-D3804C06D413</p><p>Figs 83, 92</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the basal wing cells nearly glabrous, clypeus short and semi-elliptical, and head moderately deep and convex dorsally and ventrally. Separated from similar species by the deep head (DH/LH ~0.61), black mandible which is not twisted or outwardly convex, distinct malar space, and propodeal disc with a triangular polished area on the posterior 2/3, narrowed anteriorly (in most species with a polished area it is parallel-sided, or triangular and located on the anterior portion). The pale spots on the head are distinctive but not always clearly visible.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ infectus ’, ‘stained’, referring to the discolored face.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; Collinsvale; elev. 300 m; 2 Feb. 1983; M.A. Williams leg.; Malaise trap; SAMA.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 2 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.0678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.6567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.0678/lat -39.6567)">King Is</a>., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.0678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.6567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.0678/lat -39.6567)">Martha Lavinia Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.0678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.6567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.0678/lat -39.6567)">heathland</a>; 39.6567° S, 144.0678° E; 18 Dec. 2023 – 13 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F180576, F180577 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broadened toward apex; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view distinctly elbowed externally, internal margin nearly straight. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with mostly moderately sparse setae, extending more densely to postgenal depression in a narrow strip. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area on posterior 2/3, broadest posteriorly; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 with very short apical setae. Sixth sternum narrowly glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Predominantly black, head with irregular orange-brown coloration between the eye and antenna and on anterior gena, metasoma orange-brown anteriorly, posterior segments darker. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.81 mm; LM 0.88 mm (0.88–1.01); WH/LH 0.88 (0.86–0.88); DH/LH 0.61 (0.59–0.61); EV/HE 0.53 (0.47–0.53); EV/WF 0.61 (0.52–0.61); WF/HE 0.88 (0.88–0.89); WH/WF 1.95 (1.88–1.95); OOL/WOT 1.11 (1.04–1.11); DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 1.84 (1.84–1.97); HFL/HFW 2.52 (2.38–2.52); A3 L/ W 1.42 (1.42–1.43); 2R1 L/ W 2.30. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from two collections.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype has very distinct pale orange-brown marks on the anterodorsal and anteroventral eye margins; in the paratypes these are present but much fainter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D49CFF0DFD40ADEAFC722E2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D49EFF0BFDA8ACD4FA972E36.text	03B687A0D49EFF0BFDA8ACD4FA972E36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola intermedia Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola intermedia sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8B3D6F35-B2F2-4D16-B1E8-8A43C548D39B</p><p>Figs 90, 93</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat head, separated from the compressa group by the relatively long, quadrate head. Distinguished from other similar species by having the ocellar triangle strongly acute, basal wing cells densely setose, and mandible reddish brown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the type locality on the border between the wet and dry zones of Queensland.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 6 km W by S of Paluma; 11 May 1980; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154838.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 2 ♀♀; Davies Creek Road, 20 km SE of Mareeba; elev. 750 m; 17 Dec. 1989; Monteith and Thompson leg.; pyrethrum, logs and trees; QM • 1 ♀; 3 km S of Mt Spurgeon; 16°27′ S, 145°11′ E; 20–22 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; open forest; QM • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.41667/lat -17.333334)">Baldy Mt Road</a>, 3.3 km from S end; 17°20′ S, 145°25′ E; elev. 1100 m; 30 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded or truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.99 mm; LM 0.97 mm (0.86–0.98); WH/LH 0.77 (0.75–0.79); DH/LH 0.42 (0.42–0.44); EV/HE 1.13 (1.09–1.14); EV/WF 1.04 (1.00–1.07); WF/HE 1.09 (1.05–1.09); WH/WF 1.71 (1.71–1.81); OOL/WOT 2.53 (2.38–2.63); DM/LM 0.29; FL/FW 2.13 (2.13–2.27); HFL/HFW 2.32 (2.32–2.58); A3 L/ W 1.11 (1.10–1.22); 2R1 L/ W 3.05. N = 5.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>North Queensland. Collected at several localities in rain forest between Townsville and Port Douglas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D49EFF0BFDA8ACD4FA972E36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D498FF09FD5CAC38FB4B2DCB.text	03B687A0D498FF09FD5CAC38FB4B2DCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola intonsa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola intonsa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2B4819BD-59F8-42B9-BBB9-F57C75E6276C</p><p>Figs 83, 94</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.57) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar to S. nitidigena sp. nov. and S. pelion sp. nov., sharing the moderately narrow mandible which is distinctly concave ventrally and strongly convex outwardly, distinct malar space, and clypeus lacking a sharp carina. Separated from the former by the narrow metafemur, gena reticulate posterolaterally, and S6 glabrous medially; and from the latter by the narrower frons with smoother sculpture, and narrow, parallel-sided cell 1M. Also close to S. nesomeson sp. nov. and S. paraglutinata sp. nov., as the mandible may be slightly reddish brown; separated from those species by the generally darker color and lack of a short carina between the lateral ocelli. The head is also more flattened dorsally and ventrally, giving it a distinctly different appearance from all the above species.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ intonsus ’, ‘unshaved’, referring to the coarse appearance of the gena.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Upper Williams River; Oct. 1926; Lea and Wilson leg.; SAMA 32-42927.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 2 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.41667/lat -41.383335)">Mt Barrow</a> 11 km E by N of Nunamara; 41°23′ S, 147°25′ E; 30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 with very short apical setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.65 mm; LM 0.83 mm (0.80–0.91); WH/LH 0.86 (0.83–0.86); DH/LH 0.57 (0.57–0.59); EV/HE 0.54 (0.54–0.58); EV/WF 0.58 (0.58–0.62); WF/HE 0.92 (0.92–0.94); WH/WF 1.89 (1.82–1.89); OOL/WOT 1.25 (1.19–1.25); DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.45 (2.45–2.70); A3 L/ W 1.30 (1.30–1.37); 2R1 L/ W 2.81. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales and Tasmania; known only from two collections.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is very similar to S. pelion sp. nov. and was initially thought to be conspecific with it, but the features separating them are very consistent in the long series of the latter. The overall appearance of the head in both dorsal and lateral view is also different as shown in the figures. The two Tasmania specimens, taken alongside one of S. pelion, have slightly finer sculpture than the type but clearly have the characters of the frons width, femur width, and cell 1M shape of S. intonsa sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D498FF09FD5CAC38FB4B2DCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D49AFF07FD43AFB4FD682D15.text	03B687A0D49AFF07FD43AFB4FD682D15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola isolata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola isolata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 063C3171-DC94-4E3B-98AE-15B554561FF1</p><p>Figs 26, 95</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Differing from most other species by the combination of basal wing cells sparsely setose, mandible moderately broad and distinctly concave ventrally, and clypeus semicircular. Forming a species pair with S. ambitiosa sp. nov., united in having the head moderately compressed (DH/LH ~0.50), vertex slightly bulging and carinate between the lateral ocelli, and the mandible broadest at about 2/3 its length and slightly narrowed at the apex. Separated by having the coxae and femora entirely brown and OOL/ WOT lower, ~1.43 vs 1.60–1.70.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ isolatus ’, ‘isolated’, referring to the unique type from Augustus Island.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.63333/lat -15.416667)">Augustus Island</a> <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.63333/lat -15.416667)">CALM Site</a> 26/1; 15°25′ S, 124°38′ E; 11–16 Jun. 1988; I.D. Naumann leg.; Malaise, trough, and pan traps, closed forest and margins; ANIC 32- 154839.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above the otherwise flat surface; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed just beyond base and broadened distally, apex slightly narrowed, broadest at apical 2/3; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.23 mm; LM 0.70 mm; WH/LH 0.80; DH/LH 0.50; EV/HE 0.64; EV/WF 0.72; WF/HE 0.88; WH/WF 1.93; OOL/WOT 1.43; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.06; A3 L/ W 0.87; 2R1 L/ W 2.82.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the Kimberley region.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. ambitiosa sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D49AFF07FD43AFB4FD682D15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D494FF02FD41AFDFFBC62F6C.text	03B687A0D494FF02FD41AFDFFBC62F6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola jubaris Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola jubaris sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 03F61171-5E65-44B5-AB79-4C17C9013FDB</p><p>Figs 96–97</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons moderately broad, mandible reddish brown to black and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest. Distinguished from similar species by the very short clypeus which is steep and nearly straight in profile. Closest to S. leptadelpha sp. nov., which has the mandible distinctly broader, metafemur broader (HFL/HFW ≤ 2.40), frons broader (WF/HE ≥ 1.20), and OOL/WOT ≤ 2.00.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ iubaris ’, ‘sunshine’, from the type locality in the area of the Sunshine Coast. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Woombye, near Nambour; 11–16 Oct. 1965; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC 32-154840.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Binna Burra, Lamington National Park; 27 May 1966; Z. Liepa leg.; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely or sparsely setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.61 mm; LM 0.82 mm; WH/LH 0.82; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 0.88; EV/WF 0.76; WF/HE 1.09; WH/WF 1.73; OOL/WOT 1.82; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 2.25; HFL/HFW 2.28; A3 L/ W 1.17; 2R1 L/ W 2.47.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two specimens, both taken on the southeast coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D494FF02FD41AFDFFBC62F6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D491FF00FD5AAD16FB7328C3.text	03B687A0D491FF00FD5AAD16FB7328C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola kalarku Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola kalarku sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5BEB8F22-ADE0-465C-8859-7AB69A48D7C5</p><p>Figs 98, 110</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Namesake of the kalarku species group, with the mandible strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal view, vertex slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, clypeus without any trace of a carina, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Distinguished from related species by the combination of the head ventrally weakly convex (without a distinct genal angle), malar space distinct, propodeum with a polished basal triangle extending only 1/3 distance to the declivity, and vein Rs joining the anterior wing margin.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the Kalarku people (alt. Kalaako, Galaagu), the Aboriginal inhabitants of the area where the type was collected. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.416664/lat -32.65)">Moir’s Rock</a>, 42 km NNW of Salmon Gums; 32°39′ S, 121°25′ E; 3 Jan. 1987; G. and A. Daniels leg.; QM T262161.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally (basally somewhat convex); in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; strongly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or slightly shorter. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, finely microreticulate ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.26 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.83; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 0.46; EV/WF 0.48; WF/HE 0.95; WH/WF 1.84; OOL/WOT 1.38; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.06; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.92.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the semi-arid zone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D491FF00FD5AAD16FB7328C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D493FF1EFDABAA8CFB052999.text	03B687A0D493FF1EFDABAA8CFB052999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola kimseyana Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola kimseyana sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 794D9B08-BE5D-43E7-803C-E26CA5DDBD5F</p><p>Figs 99, 101</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a species pair with S. badiorostris sp. nov. in having the the basal wing cells nearly glabrous, head somewhat compressed (DH/LH ~0.50), transverse propodeal carina present, and occipital margin narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli. Differing in having the clypeus dorsally with a low sharp carina rather than angulate or rounded, smaller OOL/WOT (1.14 vs 1.44), and braoder profemur.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the collectors, Robert and Lynn Kimsey of the University of California, Davis.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Eyre Peninsula, 5 km NE of Coffin Bay; 14 Nov. 1992; R.B. and L.S. Kimsey leg.; ex. bottlebrush; UCDC.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex weakly pointed; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate or distinct but smooth, more or less shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.86 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.55; EV/WF 0.58; WF/HE 0.95; WH/WF 1.82; OOL/WOT 1.14; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.96; HFL/HFW 2.21; A3 L/ W 1.32; 2R1 L/ W 2.53.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected near the tip of the Eyre Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D493FF1EFDABAA8CFB052999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D48DFF1CFD48AA45FBE4292A.text	03B687A0D48DFF1CFD48AA45FBE4292A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola koala Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola koala sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 45E30C3F-ED4B-4FCB-9486-D118F59E9D3C</p><p>Figs 100–101</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a species complex with S. platyrhyncha sp. nov. and S. samiata sp. nov., characterized by the broad, flat clypeus which is curved in profile, highly polished, and largely impunctate; head broad and compressed; and vertex concave in dorsal view. Separated from the other two by having the basal wing cells sparsely setose rather than glabrous, frons distinctly broader than an eye length, ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly acute rather than strongly obtuse, and propodeum with a narrow polished strip.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the resemblance of the large polished clypeus to the prominent black nose of the iconic Australian mammal. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; The Grampians, Rose’s Gap; 3–5 Mar. 1990; R. Wharton leg.; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex broadly rounded; dorsally flat, margins dropping off vertically; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible strongly oblique, with ventral tooth largest, three dorsal teeth equal. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible concave in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.55 mm; LM 0.88 mm; WH/LH 0.93; DH/LH 0.41; EV/HE 0.45; EV/WF 0.36; WF/HE 1.26; WH/WF 1.66; OOL/WOT 1.13; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.80; HFL/HFW 2.24; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 2.67.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the holotype collected in the Grampian range.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D48DFF1CFD48AA45FBE4292A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D48FFF1AFD56ABD5FA9C2DD5.text	03B687A0D48FFF1AFD56ABD5FA9C2DD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola kuranda Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola kuranda sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0E3DC5CB-22E7-49A0-A76D-F6776471B2C1</p><p>Figs 97, 102</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the large group of species with the head convex dorsally and ventrally and basal wing cells setose. Easily recognized by the unusual mandible, abruptly constricted at the basal 1/6 and then gradually broadened apically. The frons microsculpture is also heterogeneous, granular and dull between the eyes and distinctly smoother posteriorly. Superficially similar to S. ambitiosa sp. nov., including in the intermediate setation of the basal wing cells, but the mandibles are distinctly different and the clypeus is more clearly carinate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the type locality. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 1.5 km SE of Kuranda; 16–17 May 1980; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC 32-154841.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Kuranda Range State Forest; 20 Apr. 1967; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC • 1 ♀; Brisbane, Indooroopilly, Univ. of Qld. Expt. Mine; 3 Nov. 1979; J.B. Woolley and J. LaSalle leg.; UCRC 537460 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a sharp carina, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, constricted just past articulation, gradually broadened towards apex; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture microreticulate and dull between eyes and antennae, distinctly smoother between eyes and ocelli. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.68 mm; LM 0.85 mm (1.00–1.14); WH/LH 0.82 (0.80–0.84); DH/LH 0.56 (0.55–0.56); EV/HE 0.76 (0.72–0.77); EV/WF 0.69 (0.62–0.70); WF/HE 1.11 (1.11–1.17); WH/WF 1.71 (1.69–1.71); OOL/WOT 1.60 (1.58–1.65); DM/LM 0.43; FL/FW 2.00 (2.00–2.14); HFL/HFW 2.10 (2.10–2.15); A3 L/ W 1.10 (1.00–1.11); 2R1 L/ W 2.60. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from three collections, but widely distributed from Cairns to Brisbane.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The deep basal notch of the mandible is almost unique; a few other species have it deeply incised at the base but with the apical portion somewhat clubbed, rather than otherwise normal and elongate as here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D48FFF1AFD56ABD5FA9C2DD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D489FF18FD53AF9EFC432DE0.text	03B687A0D489FF18FD53AF9EFC432DE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola lacertella Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola lacertella sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 85852E85-7E41-426A-AE84-0F6EBC4ED886</p><p>Figs 101, 103</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Resembling species of the ficicola species group in having the head compressed and flat dorsally and ventrally and frons only moderately broad, but the head is wider than any of the other species (WH/ LH 0.80–0.84) and the antenna is much longer, extending well beyond the posterior margin of the head.</p><p>These characters combined with the narrow profemur (FL/FW ~2.5) and curved clypeus separate it from all others.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the diminutive of the Latin ‘ lacertus ’, ‘upper arm’, referring to the thin profemur. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">King Is</a>., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">Pegarah Nature Reserve</a>; 39.9441° S, 143.9905° E; 18 Dec. 2023 – 13 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F180565.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 19 Nov.–16 Dec. 2023; S.J. Grove, L. Cambra and M. Beattie leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F152996 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process trapezoidal, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart (sparser posteriorly). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose anterolaterally, otherwise smoothly reticulate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur narrow, over 2.5 times as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and meso- and metafemora dark brown to black, profemur light brown to yellow, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.64 mm; LM 0.77 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 1.10; EV/WF 0.94; WF/HE 1.16; WH/WF 1.72; OOL/WOT 2.13; DM/LM 0.32; FL/FW 2.53; HFL/HFW 2.57; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 2.82.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from two specimens collected on King Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D489FF18FD53AF9EFC432DE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D48BFF16FD56AFE2FB582C0C.text	03B687A0D48BFF16FD56AFE2FB582C0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola lacustris Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola lacustris sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C06D5AA4-810E-48C0-B88E-6C57CA24F8D6</p><p>Figs 101, 104</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally and ventrally and basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most species by the moderately broad frons (WF/HE 1.15–1.20), clypeus semi-elliptical with a low carina dorsally, head moderately broad and deep, mandible distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest. Closest to S. exleyae sp. nov. and S. ovata sp. nov.; separated from both by the colliculate frons microsculpture, vertex narrowly carinate between the lateral ocelli, and head slightly more compressed (DH/LH 0.53–0.54 vs 0.57–0.58).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ lacus ’, ‘lake’, referring to the numerous artificial lakes in the area of the type collection.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 14 km S of Bronte Park; 42°15′ S, 146°29′ E; 15 Jan.–3 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise/ethanol; ANIC 32-154842.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC • 1 ♀; 3 km E by S of Montumana; 40°58′ S, 145°33′ E; 19 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.38333/lat -42.816666)">Frodshams Pass</a>; 42°49′ S, 146°23′ E; 24–25 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a sharp carina, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture minutely colliculate, appearing dull at low magnification but with each cellule shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.11 mm; LM 1.00 mm (0.93–1.02); WH/LH 0.86 (0.82–0.86); DH/LH 0.53 (0.53–0.54); EV/HE 0.80 (0.74–0.82); EV/WF 0.66 (0.64–0.69); WF/HE 1.20 (1.15–1.20); WH/WF 1.66 (1.63–1.71); OOL/WOT 1.65 (1.62–1.76); DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.40 (2.32–2.40); HFL/HFW 2.50 (2.45–2.56); A3 L/ W 1.37 (1.21–1.37); 2R1 L/ W 2.62. N = 4.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from four specimens collected across the western half of the island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D48BFF16FD56AFE2FB582C0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D484FF15FD4FA85DFC712AE6.text	03B687A0D484FF15FD4FA85DFC712AE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola lapis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola lapis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4DBCDA8C-1228-4BBD-BE6B-8D278527CC4A</p><p>Figs 90, 105</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>An aberrant member of the compressa species group, with the head flattened and frons broad but mesosoma not compressed. Closest to S. medialis sp. nov. and S. planifrons sp. nov., separated by having the head rather narrow (WH/LH ~0.79), clypeus elongate in profile and semi-elliptical but very broad, and mandible yellow.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ lapis ’, ‘stone’, referring to the resemblance of the head to a skipping stone. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.36667/lat -14.8)">Coleman River</a>; 14°48′ S, 143°22′ E; 26 Jun. 1993; I.D. Naumann and P. Zborowski leg.; ANIC 32-154843.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible moderately broad, constricted just past articulation, gradually broadened towards apex; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with shallow punctures, dense near antennae, 2–3 pit widths apart posterior of midpoint of eyes. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible yellow. Coxae and metafemur brown, other femora brown dorsally, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.92 mm; LM 1.02 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.43; EV/HE 0.80; EV/WF 0.67; WF/HE 1.18; WH/WF 1.63; OOL/WOT 1.86; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 2.10; HFL/HFW 2.38; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 2.47.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected far north.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This unusual species is probably related to S. planifrons sp. nov., sharing the robust mesosoma which is unlike the defining character of the compressa species group. However, the head is of the typical elongate, flattened shape, very similar to S. medialis sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D484FF15FD4FA85DFC712AE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D486FF12FD47A8E9FCF928DB.text	03B687A0D486FF12FD47A8E9FCF928DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola latens Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola latens sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 30954D4F-FD78-49DA-9AA3-69B886DA174C</p><p>Figs 101, 106</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with the head flat dorsally and ventrally, and elongate posterior of the eyes but frons not particularly broad. Closest in general appearance to S. adelaidensis sp. nov. and S. comparata sp. nov., sharing the slightly carinate vertex posterior of the ocelli; distinctly different from those and all other similar species by the distinctly elongate clypeus, especially prominent in lateral view. The setation of the basal wing cells is also unusual, mostly glabrous with cell R densely setose distally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ latens ’, ‘concealed’ or ‘hidden’, referring to the single specimen of this species found among a long series of S. disjuncta sp. nov. from the same locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.71666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.71666/lat -36.2)">Dainers Gap</a>; 36°12′ S, 148°43′ E; elev. 1585 m; 13 Dec. 1973; P. Morrow leg.; ex Eucalyptus pauciflora; ANIC 32-154844.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate or with a sharp carina; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing mostly glabrous, cell R densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.70 mm; LM 0.83 mm; WH/LH 0.72; DH/LH 0.47; EV/HE 0.97; EV/WF 1.00; WF/HE 0.97; WH/WF 1.84; OOL/WOT 1.77; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.20; HFL/HFW 2.42; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.53.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D486FF12FD47A8E9FCF928DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D480FF11FD56A85DFC392F98.text	03B687A0D480FF11FD56A85DFC392F98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola latifrons Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola latifrons sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1FA1FAB8-492E-4095-BE4D-1A7937C7F525</p><p>Figs 107–108</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superficially similar to other species with the head compressed and flat dorsally and ventrally, mandible reddish brown and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest. Closest to S. leptadelpha sp. nov., sharing the broad frons and densely setose basal wing cells; separated by the distinctly curved clypeus in profile, mandible not twisted, flat dorsum of the head, and broader femora.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ latus ’, ‘broad’, + ‘ frons ’, ‘front’, referring to the wide frons.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Acacia Ridge near Brisbane; 30 Dec. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556777.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex to nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black, clypeus orange to yellow. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae brown basally and yellow apically, femora tinged with brown, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.61 mm; LM 0.84 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 1.00; EV/WF 0.82; WF/HE 1.22; WH/WF 1.68; OOL/WOT 1.97; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.07; HFL/HFW 2.24; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 3.11.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D480FF11FD56A85DFC392F98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D482FF2CFD9EAC5BFDBC2867.text	03B687A0D482FF2CFD9EAC5BFDBC2867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola leeuwinensis Turner 1915	<div><p>Sierola leeuwinensis Turner, 1915</p><p>Figs 109–110</p><p>Sierola leeuwinensis Turner, 1915: 68 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the megacephala group, with the head large and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Closely related to S. capitata sp. nov. and S. stipulata sp. nov. with the femora dark, head posterior of the eyes convex, and ocelli separated from the vertex by 2–3 ocellus lengths. Distinguished by the head shape, dorsally slightly concave in lateral view between the eyes and ocelli and vertex slightly but distinctly concave, and lacking dense ventral setation.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; SW Australia, Yallingup; 1–12 Dec. 1913; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • 3 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; Dongarra; 6–19 May 1935; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK • 4 ♀♀; Dongarra; 13–22 Aug. 1935; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK • 10 ♀♀; Dongarra; 23 Aug.–5 Sep. 1935; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Dongarra; 11– 28 Oct. 1935; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Dongarra; 22 Aug.–5 Sep. 1936 [possible misprinted label for 23 Aug–5 Sep. 1935]; R.E. Turner leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly concave between eyes and ocelli, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina faintly present, curving on each side; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely yellow except the two terminal flagellomeres brown. Mandible black. Legs yellowish brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.18 mm; LM 1.17 mm; WH/LH 0.80; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 1.25; EV/WF 0.94; WF/HE 1.33; WH/WF 1.58; OOL/WOT 2.35; DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 2.18.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known from several collections at two localities on the southwestern coast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although numerous specimens were obtained in the original series, this species has not been collected since 1935. Sierola gilbertae Ward, 2013 of New Zealand fits in between S. leeuwinensis and S. capitata sp. nov. in having the basal wing cells nearly glabrous and vertex nearly straight like the latter, but the mandible broad and only weakly concave like the former; it differs from both in having the clypeus evenly sloping rather than curved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D482FF2CFD9EAC5BFDBC2867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4BFFF2AFDA8AA6BFE642FAE.text	03B687A0D4BFFF2AFDA8AA6BFE642FAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola lemniscata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola lemniscata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BB3F86CA-DF55-4C05-8F7E-8CA3557E504A</p><p>Figs 108, 111</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous, head convex dorsally, and clypeus evenly curved in profile, distinguished by the moderately deep head (DH/LH 0.55–0.60), mostly dark mandible, and lack of a carina between the lateral ocelli. Closest to S. peras sp. nov., separated by having the mandible broader, frons narrower than the eye height, and head shorter posterior of the eye.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ lemniscatus ’, ‘banded’, referring to the alternating sculpture of the mandibles.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Horse Gully, foot of Bunya Mts; 7 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154845.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Applethorpe; 19 Oct.–13 Dec. 1982; B.F. Ingram leg.; Malaise trap; QM • 1 ♀; Mt Glorious; 26 Oct.–5 Dec. 1989; A. Hiller leg.; Malaise trap; QM • 2 ♀♀; Brisbane, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.0/lat -27.516666)">Long Pocket</a>; 27°31′ S, 153°00′ E; 10 Jun. 1991; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM • 1 ♀; Boggomoss <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.01666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.01666/lat -25.433332)">3 via Taroom</a>; 25°26′ S, 150°01′ E; 12 Nov. 1996 – Jan. 1997; D. Cook and G. Monteith leg.; Pitfall traps 042; QM T33422 • 1 ♀; Boggomoss <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.13333/lat -25.483334)">30 via Taroom</a>; 25°29′ S, 150°08′ E; 14 Nov. 1996 – Jan. 1997; D. Cook and G. Monteith leg.; baited flight intercept 057; QM T33424 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.58333/lat -26.866667)">Bunya Mts</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.58333/lat -26.866667)">Paradise</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.58333/lat -26.866667)">top track</a>; 26°52′ S, 151°35′ E; 24 Oct. 1997; G. Thompson leg.; pyrethrum logs + bunya trunks, 5029; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular or semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining at base and apex, coriaceous medially; in ventral view strongly elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity (sometimes extended narrowly to declivity); transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black, or mostly black and orange-brown medially. Legs all yellow except dorsal margins of femora tinged with brown, or coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae dark brown, trochanters, tarsi, and bands at bases and apices of tibiae orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical, or distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.67 mm; LM 0.89 mm (0.67–0.89); WH/LH 0.91 (0.87–0.91); DH/LH 0.57 (0.54–0.58); EV/HE 0.43 (0.40–0.47); EV/WF 0.51 (0.46–0.53); WF/HE 0.83 (0.81–0.88); WH/WF 1.97 (1.90–2.04); OOL/WOT 1.07 (1.05–1.20); DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.88 (1.82–2.00); HFL/HFW 2.19 (2.00–2.19); A3 L/ W 1.08 (0.91–1.09); 2R1 L/ W 2.59. N = 8.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from several collections in the southeast, probably also extending into New South Wales.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is somewhat variable in the mandible and leg color, form of the propodeum, and shape of cell 1M. However, the characters do not co-vary, and the specimens on hand are unusually similar morphometrically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4BFFF2AFDA8AA6BFE642FAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4B9FF28FDA5AC51FC5B2D7A.text	03B687A0D4B9FF28FDA5AC51FC5B2D7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola leptadelpha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola leptadelpha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1FDAF29E-3A03-40C6-8AF6-D3AB7979BD8F</p><p>Figs 101, 112</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and flat to weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, mandible reddish brown to black and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest. Distinguished from similar species by the very short clypeus which is steep and nearly straight in profile, and densely setose basal wing cells. Closest to S. jubaris sp. nov., which has the mandible distinctly narrower, metafemur broader (HFL/HFW ≥ 2.40), frons narrower (WF/HE ≤ 1.20), and OOL/WOT ≥2.00.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ leptos ’, ‘small’, + ‘ adelphe ’, ‘sister’, referring to the similarity of this species to S. geminata sp. nov. and S. stipulata sp. nov., and its smaller size. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 5 km SE by S of Redpa; 40°57′ S, 144°49′ E; 18 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154846.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • 1 ♀; Sherbrooke; 7 Dec. 1916; [illegible] leg.; MVMA HYM-86589 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical or very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous or finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex or nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex to nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown to black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.65 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.80; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 0.97; EV/WF 0.80; WF/HE 1.21; WH/WF 1.63; OOL/WOT 2.17; DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 2.42; HFL/HFW 2.59; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 3.47.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania and Victoria; known from one specimen each.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens from Victoria and Tasmania are slightly different and may prove to be cryptic species. Compared to the Tasmanian holotype, the former has the head more narrowed anteriorly in lateral view, with the clypeus appearing more elongate despite still being quite short. However, they are not strongly distinct and may be in the range of variation of a single species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4B9FF28FDA5AC51FC5B2D7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4BBFF26FDA3AF64FC0F2EEA.text	03B687A0D4BBFF26FDA3AF64FC0F2EEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola leptognatha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola leptognatha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FDCD63F8-F33F-4E4B-8C51-CAEDA6FCBD5E</p><p>Figs 108, 113</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the large complex of species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and mandible reddish brown. Distinguished from all others by the compressed head, distinctly obtuse ocellar triangle, and mandible convex outwardly with the ventral tooth slightly posterior of the second.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ leptos ’, ‘small’, + ‘ gnathos ’, ‘jaw’, referring to the narrow mandibles. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.86667/lat -27.266666)">Samsonvale Cemetery</a>, 8.5 km SSE of Dayboro; 27°16′ S, 152°52′ E; 2 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM T262162.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly slightly curved so that ventral tooth slightly posterior of second, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.29 mm; LM 0.64 mm (0.64–0.75); WH/LH 0.86 (0.86–0.90); DH/LH 0.47 (0.45–0.47); EV/HE 0.63 (0.56–0.63); EV/WF 0.58 (0.52–0.58); WF/HE 1.09 (1.08–1.10); WH/WF 1.73 (1.72–1.74); OOL/WOT 1.19 (1.19–1.29); DM/LM 0.31; FL/FW 2.07 (1.95–2.07); HFL/HFW 2.04 (1.93–2.04); A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 3.08. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the type series, collected near Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4BBFF26FDA3AF64FC0F2EEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4B5FF24FD5DAC94FCFA2EB4.text	03B687A0D4B5FF24FD5DAC94FCFA2EB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola limitata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola limitata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B604B95E-5C8E-4691-A448-F671A99DF270</p><p>Figs 108, 114</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with the head flat to weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, mandible reddish brown to black and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest. Distinguished from similar species by the prominently curved clypeus, sparsely setose basal wing cells, lateral ocelli separate from the vertex crest by an ocellus length, moderately deep head (DH/LH ~0.55), and conspicuous ventral setae of the head.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ limitatus ’, ‘border’, from the type locality on the border between New South Wales and Queensland.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Donaldson State Forest via Woodenbong; 30 Dec. 1979; I.D. Naumann leg.; ANIC 32-154847.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex or nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites punctate laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dull yellow. Mandible reddish brown. Legs yellowish brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.89 mm; LM 0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.82; DH/LH 0.55; EV/HE 1.00; EV/WF 0.80; WF/HE 1.25; WH/WF 1.64; OOL/WOT 1.71; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.08; HFL/HFW 2.26; A3 L/ W 1.32; 2R1 L/ W 2.50.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Like several similar species, the intermediate character states cause this to key out in several places, but it is quite distinct in its combination of characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4B5FF24FD5DAC94FCFA2EB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4B7FF22FD55ACBEFBCF2ECE.text	03B687A0D4B7FF22FD55ACBEFBCF2ECE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola lissonota Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola lissonota sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 61529C0A-D2BE-4185-82CE-5D613BDBE295</p><p>Figs 90, 115</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous and head convex dorsally, closest to S. carinifrons sp. nov. and S. kimseyana sp. nov. in having the frons shining and weakly sculpted, malar space short, and clypeus evenly curved in profile. Separated from both by the obtuse ocellar triangle (lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest), broad head (WH/LH ≥ 0.89), and broad metafemur (HFL/HFW ≤2.15). Additionally separated from the latter by the broad, polished median strip on the propodeum and lack of a carina between the lateral ocelli.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ lissos ’, ‘smooth’, + ‘ noton ’, ‘back’, referring to the broadly polished propodeum and generally smooth cuticle sculpture.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 3 km S of Pine Mt; 21°46′ S, 148°51′ E; elev. 230 m; 6 Oct.–17 Dec. 1999; D. and I. Cook leg.; vine scrub intercept, 9041; QM T262163.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to rounded triangular, apex rounded or weakly pointed; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.54 mm; LM 0.83 mm; WH/LH 0.94; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.42; EV/WF 0.47; WF/HE 0.89; WH/WF 1.97; OOL/WOT 1.00; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 1.79; HFL/HFW 1.95; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 2.76.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected near the central coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4B7FF22FD55ACBEFBCF2ECE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4B1FF21FD59ACB1FB152911.text	03B687A0D4B1FF21FD59ACB1FB152911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola littoralis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola littoralis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D5ED17F6-1B61-470F-BCC8-09FBE45DAD87</p><p>Figs 116–117</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the large complex of species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and mandible reddish brown. Distinguished from all others by the compressed head, short, transverse clypeus, vertex and gena setae elongate and conspicuous, and propodeum with a narrow polished median strip.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ litoralis ’, ‘of the shore’, for the coastal type locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Aldinga Scrub, 40 km SSW of Adelaide; 27 Mar.–9 Apr. 1987; P. Dangerfield leg.; Malaise trap; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded or truncate; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum narrowly glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely to sparsely setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.61 mm; LM 0.82 mm; WH/LH 0.90; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.59; EV/WF 0.59; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.82; OOL/WOT 1.06; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 1.91; HFL/HFW 1.92; A3 L/ W 0.68; 2R1 L/ W 2.35.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected near the coast south of Adelaide.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4B1FF21FD59ACB1FB152911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4B2FF3FFDA9ABDDFCEB2985.text	03B687A0D4B2FF3FFDA9ABDDFCEB2985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola longifacies Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola longifacies sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7CC2FA1B-F2D8-4CAF-810F-33F21EF7E6F7</p><p>Figs 90, 118</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Namesake of the longifacies species group, characterized by the very narrow, compressed head (WH/LH 0.63–0.68), more or less flat dorsally and long posterior to the eyes, short clypeus, short antenna (hardly reaching past the head), lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest, and ocellar triangle very strongly acute. Separated from similar species by having the clypeus evenly sloping; mandible broad, not concave ventrally, and strongly twisted; vertex slightly concave in dorsal view; lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by more than their length; and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. The head is also slightly convex dorsally and ventrally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the extremely long, narrow face.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 11 km W by N of Bald Hill, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.33333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.33333/lat -13.733334)">McIlwraith Range</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.33333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.33333/lat -13.733334)">search party campsite</a>; 13°44′ S, 143°20′ E; elev. 520 m; 27 Jun.–12 Jul. 1989; T.A. Weir leg.; ex dead Pandanus leaves; ANIC 32-154848.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; 13 km E by S of Weipa; 12°40′ S, 143°00′ E; 12 Sep.–24 Oct. 1993; P. Zborowski and D. Rentz leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded, lateral lobes also produced nearly as far as median lobe; dorsally with a rounded carina, effaced towards apex; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight; strongly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle very strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex or nearly flat, convex around ocellar triangle, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, those on S5–6 about twice as long as preceding. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.99 mm; LM 0.98 mm; WH/LH 0.66; DH/LH 0.46; EV/HE 1.30; EV/WF 1.37; WF/HE 0.95; WH/WF 1.87; OOL/WOT 2.50; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.14; A3 L/ W 1.10; 2R1 L/ W 2.53.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two specimens collected on the Cape York Peninsula.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The combination of a long, narrow head with strongly twisted mandibles is distinctive. The elongate lateral lobes of the clypeus are unique in the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4B2FF3FFDA9ABDDFCEB2985	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4ACFF3DFD59AA4EFA992846.text	03B687A0D4ACFF3DFD59AA4EFA992846.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola lophotes Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola lophotes sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FA0ADF84-3D43-4DFD-81C1-B5BB5F8AF421</p><p>Figs 108, 119</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the large complex of species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and head compressed. Separated from similar species by the elongate, conspicuous vertex and gena setae, moderately compressed head (DH/LH ~0.51), densely setose basal wing cells, and broadly rounded occipital margin. Closest to S. gingera sp. nov. and S. paraptoma sp. nov.; separated from the former by the narrower mandible and ocellar triangle right to weakly obtuse, from the latter by the less strongly convex head and propodeum lacking a median polished area, and from both by the reddish brown mandible and DH/LH.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ lophos ’, ‘ridge’, referring to the type locality. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Acacia Ridge, Brisbane ; Oct. 1976; E.C. Dahms leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262164.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Teewah, Cooloola; 15–16 Aug. 1981; G. Sarnes leg.; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow punctures, dense near antennae, 2–3 pit widths apart posterior of midpoint of eyes. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.19 mm; LM 0.66 mm; WH/LH 0.85; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.54; EV/WF 0.54; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 1.20; DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 1.85; HFL/HFW 2.06; A3 L/ W 0.85; 2R1 L/ W 3.18.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two specimens collected in the southeast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although not particularly long or dense, the pale head setae of this species are unusually conspicuous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4ACFF3DFD59AA4EFA992846	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4AEFF3BFDA3AA08FD5A2999.text	03B687A0D4AEFF3BFDA3AA08FD5A2999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola macrorhina Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola macrorhina sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C52AE830-DFEE-4EBF-AF9B-6CEB5010B536</p><p>Figs 120–121</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Close to S. campanula sp. nov., sharing the clypeus with a low but distinct medial carina and broadly rounded apically rather than straight truncate or emarginate, and mandible black and not twisted. Separated by the broad frons (WH/HE ≥1.0), propodeum with a polished median strip, and Rs joining the anterior wing margin.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ macro ’, ‘large’, + ‘ rhinos ’, ‘nose’, referring to the protruding clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 1 km E by N of Herrick; 41°06′ S, 147°53′ E; 29–30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154849.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly to weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.83 mm; LM 0.89 mm; WH/LH 0.74; DH/LH 0.50; EV/HE 0.80; EV/WF 0.75; WF/HE 1.07; WH/WF 1.73; OOL/WOT 1.84; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.04; HFL/HFW 2.21; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 3.00.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4AEFF3BFDA3AA08FD5A2999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4ABFF39FDA6A85DFB16282A.text	03B687A0D4ABFF39FDA6A85DFB16282A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola maculicola Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola maculicola sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1ED4CCA2-1EF9-4C0B-87DB-5D2A340BE0A5</p><p>Figs 117, 122</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head compressed and flat or weakly convex dorsally, easily distinguished by having the clypeus evenly sloping and somewhat elongate in profile, apical angle strongly acute; mandible black, flat and strongly twisted, lying fully in line with the clypeus in lateral view when closed; basal wing cells densely setose; and head elongate posterior of the eyes, parallel-sided or slightly broadening.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ macula ’, ‘spot’, + ‘ cola ’, ‘dwell’, referring to the patchwork of small reserves in the area of eastern New South Wales where this species is found.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Mt Allyn Forest Park via Dungog; 27 Jul. 1981; J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154850.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process trapezoidal, apex truncate; dorsally with a distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above the otherwise flat surface; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; strongly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head broadening posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, tinged with brown dorsally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.17 mm; LM 1.02 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.50; EV/HE 1.02; EV/WF 0.93; WF/HE 1.10; WH/WF 1.75; OOL/WOT 2.10; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.19; HFL/HFW 2.67; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 2.28.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in the Allyn Range.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is intermediate between the longifacies and megacephala species groups; in general appearance it is closer to the latter, but the frons is narrower and ocelli closer to the vertex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4ABFF39FDA6A85DFB16282A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4A5FF37FDBEA85DFC392DBA.text	03B687A0D4A5FF37FDBEA85DFC392DBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola magnifemur Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola magnifemur sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7FEF1284-82AE-4955-920D-86B1FB52A5BB</p><p>Figs 117, 123</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A distinctive species, recognizable by the combination of nearly glabrous basal wing cells, mandible predominantly yellow, profemur very broad (FL/FW ~1.6), ocellar triangle strongly obtuse, and transverse propodeal carina strong and distinct. Closest to S. lissonota sp. nov., which has the profemur somewhat broad but the mandible brown, clypeus distinctly curved in lateral view, and head deeper.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ magnus ’, ‘large’, + ‘ femur ’, referring to the extremely broad profemur. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Brisbane; 10 Sep. 1962; G. Monteith leg.; QM T262165.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile gently sloping dorsally, distally nearly vertical or slightly angled back. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view straight or slightly convex; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture shining and faintly reticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible yellow except black near articulation. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.64 mm; LM 1.02 mm; WH/LH 0.93; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.60; EV/WF 0.60; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.04; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.59; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 2.45.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4A5FF37FDBEA85DFC392DBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4A4FF32FDA8AFBAFCE82FDF.text	03B687A0D4A4FF32FDA8AFBAFCE82FDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola marginalis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola marginalis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4FE04910-1CF7-41B4-9837-6272BC2B7BBE</p><p>Figs 124–125</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, and frons narrow. Closest to S. solitaria sp. nov. in having nearly glabrous basal wing cells; separated by having the head slightly narrower and deeper (WH/LH 0.70, DH/LH 0.52 vs 0.74 and 0.46 respectively) clypeus curved in profile, mandible not twisted, and lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex. The ventral head also has setae in a dense triangular patch which is conspicuous when seen from certain angles, an unusual character shared with S. adelaidensis sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the description of the type locality as being on the edge of the rainforest.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Julatten; 20 Oct.–29 Oct. 1987; A. Walfor-Huggins leg.; edge of rainforest along creek, ex intercept trap; ANIC 32-154851.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad to moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderate pubescence in a triangle narrowing posteriorly from the mouthparts. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.21 mm; LM 0.67 mm; WH/LH 0.70; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 1.00; EV/WF 1.04; WF/HE 0.96; WH/WF 1.73; OOL/WOT 1.73; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 1.91; HFL/HFW 1.85; A3 L/ W 0.85; 2R1 L/ W 2.91.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in northern rain forest.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is intermediate between the longifacies and ficicola species groups, which are otherwise well separated by head width which creates a distinctly different appearance in dorsal view. The shorter head posterior of the eyes puts it closer to the latter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4A4FF32FDA8AFBAFCE82FDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4A1FF30FD59AD83FBF72E64.text	03B687A0D4A1FF30FD59AD83FBF72E64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola medialis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola medialis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5602EBF5-83C7-4153-8C31-24FFB50534BE</p><p>Figs 110, 126</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the compressa species group, having the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells densely setose. Distinguished from most related species by the strongly acute ocellar triangle, dull and granular frons microsculpture, and all yellow legs. Closest to S. desertorum sp. nov., separated by having the ventral head somewhat convex posteriorly (appearing narrowly triangular in lateral view), ocellar triangle less strongly acute (OOL/ WOT less than 2.00), legs clear yellow, and posterior margin of cell 1M distinctly convex.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to this species being intermediate morphologically between the compressa and megacephala species groups.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; 21 km E by N of Yellowdine; 31°18′ S, 119°37′ E; 10 Oct. 1981; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154852.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded or truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex to nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna bright yellow. Mandible black. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.05 mm; LM 1.10 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.45; EV/HE 0.86; EV/WF 0.66; WF/HE 1.31; WH/WF 1.56; OOL/WOT 1.84; DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 1.97; A3 L/ W 0.91; 2R1 L/ W 2.25.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species has the body less obviously flattened than other members of the compressa group, and is somewhat intermediate with members of the megacephala group such as S. lapis sp. nov. It forms an allopatric species pair with S. desertorum sp. nov. of New South Wales.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4A1FF30FD59AD83FBF72E64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D4A3FECFFDBBAC6EFAE7286C.text	03B687A0D4A3FECFFDBBAC6EFAE7286C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola megacephala Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola megacephala sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A86E0BDB-F257-4AC6-8A0D-54C5BDFDA8E1</p><p>Figs 127–128</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the eponymous megacephala group, with the head large and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Separated from similar species by having the lateral ocelli much further anterior (separated from the vertex crest by more than the length of the ocellar triangle), head with a distinct angulate ridge between the eye and vertex, and legs entirely bright yellow.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the enormous head.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; Tutanning Nature Reserve, 22 km E by S of Pingelly; 18 Sep. 1981; A.A. Calder leg.; ex galls Acacia lasiocalyx em. Oct. 1981; ANIC 32-154853.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; Mullaley; 6 Apr. 1985; I. and N. Lawrence leg.; in and on Uromyocladium galls on Acacia sp.; ANIC . – Western Australia • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above the otherwise flat surface; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners somewhat squared; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than length of ocellar triangle. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with very faint microreticulation over posterior terga. S2 broadly setose all over, S3–5 each with a conspicuous apical band of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible black. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose to nearly glabrous. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.74 mm; LM 1.35 mm (0.95–1.35); WH/LH 0.85 (0.81–0.86); DH/LH 0.48 (0.47–0.51); EV/HE 1.27 (1.10–1.33); EV/WF 0.79 (0.75–0.87); WF/HE 1.62 (1.27–1.65); WH/WF 1.56 (1.56–1.69); OOL/WOT 1.88 (1.74–1.88); DM/LM 0.43; FL/FW 2.21 (2.15–2.30); HFL/HFW 2.22 (2.20–2.34); A3 L/ W 1.00 (0.81–1.13); 2R1 L/ W 2.31. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia and New South Wales; known from one collection each.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is a large species overall, and the head is disproportionately large as well. One specimen is significantly smaller than the other three, but matches them in all characters except that the frons is much narrower relative to the eye and the ocelli are removed from the vertex crest by about the length of the ocellar triangle, versus 1.5× in the other specimens. The specimens on hand have an unusual disjunct distribution, in both WA and NSW. Vein Rs is peculiarly swollen and slightly angulate around cell 2R 1 in the WA specimens, but not in the one from NSW; however I do not consider this significant.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D4A3FECFFDBBAC6EFAE7286C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D55CFECDFDAAAA16FC762801.text	03B687A0D55CFECDFDAAAA16FC762801.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola megamera Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola megamera sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 28FF9F4B-AB38-450B-B7B4-D89C09B9907A</p><p>Figs 117, 129</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the compressa species group, having the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Distinguished from most related species by the obtuse ocellar triangle, reddish brown mandible, and broad metafemur. Closest to S. amputator sp. nov., separated by the more sparsely punctate frons and broader head (WH/LH ~0.89) which is more ovate in dorsal view, the posterior corners strongly rounded off.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the broad metafemur. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Indooroopilly; 5 Oct. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556769.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 4 Oct. 1979; UCRC 556768 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 4 Nov. 1979; UCRC 556770 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 6 Nov. 1979; UCRC 556774 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 19 Nov. 1979; UCRC 556771 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.49 mm; LM 0.80 mm (0.72–0.94); WH/LH 0.89 (0.87–0.90); DH/LH 0.45 (0.45–0.51); EV/HE 0.69 (0.59–0.70); EV/WF 0.63 (0.53–0.63); WF/HE 1.10 (1.00–1.13); WH/WF 1.70 (1.65–1.76); OOL/WOT 1.17 (1.11–1.25); DM/LM 0.31; FL/FW 2.00 (1.91–2.03); HFL/HFW 1.79 (1.79–1.94); A3 L/ W 0.90 (0.86–1.00); 2R1 L/ W 2.74. N = 5.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from one series collected near Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D55CFECDFDAAAA16FC762801	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D55EFECBFD44AACDFCF92911.text	03B687A0D55EFECBFD44AACDFCF92911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola miltos Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola miltos sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8067544C-48A9-44C3-8C68-97BCBC9CF884</p><p>Figs 117, 130</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species is somewhat intermediate in some head characters used in the key such as being flat or not. However, the combination of the strongly compressed mesosoma, strongly acute ocellar triangle, nearly glabrous basal wing cells, slightly twisted reddish brown mandible, and slightly convex ventral margin of the head will distinguish it from all other species.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ miltos ’, ‘red earth’, referring to the color of the mandibles. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.15/lat -35.966667)">Congo</a>, 8 km SE by E of Moruya; 35°58′ S, 150°09′ E; 26 Mar.– 3 Apr. 1982; M.S. Upton leg.; Window trap; ANIC 32-154854.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded or truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex or nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly, weakly microreticulate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Mostly shining and polished, T3–5 with paired submedian basal patches of faint microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black to reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.45 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.76; DH/LH 0.46; EV/HE 1.05; EV/WF 0.96; WF/HE 1.09; WH/WF 1.78; OOL/WOT 2.39; DM/LM 0.32; FL/FW 2.26; HFL/HFW 2.15; A3 L/ W 1.08; 2R1 L/ W 2.69.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D55EFECBFD44AACDFCF92911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D558FEC9FD52ABDDFBF5286C.text	03B687A0D558FEC9FD52ABDDFBF5286C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola minorata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola minorata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5190A953-345B-4B9B-8D19-A174E610C4F2</p><p>Figs 117, 131</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the megacephala group, with the head flat dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Distinguished by the combination of having the mandible slightly twisted and frons only moderately broad, WF/HE ~1.30. Also differing from similar species by the much smaller size; most members of the group have the mesosoma over 1 mm in length.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ minoratus ’, ‘reduced’ or ‘shrunken’, referring to the smaller size of this species compared to other members of the megacephala species group.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Kangaroo Island, Western River Cove; 29 Nov. 1977; D.K. McAlpine and M.A. Schneider leg.; AM K.628961.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved (nearly straight distally). Mandible broad, ventral margin slightly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart (appearing broadly impunctate medially between median ocellus and level of posterior eye margin). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae (type appears to be abraded). Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.74 mm; LM 0.85 mm; WH/LH 0.76; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 1.16; EV/WF 0.89; WF/HE 1.30; WH/WF 1.60; OOL/WOT 2.50; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.23; HFL/HFW 2.58; A3 L/ W 1.10; 2R1 L/ W 2.39.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype taken on Kangaroo Island.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species resembles those of the ficicola species group in the relatively narrow head and small size, but the broad frons and small eye place it clearly with the related megacephala group. The one visible mandible of the holotype appears to have only two sharp teeth with a broad truncation in place of the two dorsal teeth, but without additional specimens to compare it is unclear if this is due to wear or a modification of the mandible. The head lacks the dense ventral setation found in most other species in the group, but the setae present on the unique holotype are somewhat irregular so it may be abraded. This and S. sila sp. nov. are the only species recorded from Kangaroo Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D558FEC9FD52ABDDFBF5286C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D55AFEC7FDA1AA16FB7A2911.text	03B687A0D55AFEC7FDA1AA16FB7A2911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola minutissima Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola minutissima sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 75D001FD-7E40-45BF-8063-AC3FC7D969F0</p><p>Figs 125, 132</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species is easily recognizable by the sparsely punctate, nearly polished frons, with only faint microreticulation; sparsely setose basal wing cells; and clypeus evenly sloping in profile. It is also the smallest Sierola known; S. pumila sp. nov. is the next smallest. Other species with the clypeus evenly sloping and basal wing cells setose are much larger.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to this species’ status as the smallest known species of Sierola .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.45/lat -11.65)">Cockatoo Creek</a> crossing, 17 km NW of Heathlands; 11°39′ S, 142°27′ E; 26 Jan.–29 Feb. 1992; P. Feehney leg.; open forest Malaise #5; ANIC 32-154855.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more, or appearing impunctate (setae arising from shallow pits that are only visible at low angles). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture nearly absent, polished. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture smooth and polished ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum nearly glabrous.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black, clypeus orange to yellow. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.00 mm; LM 0.48 mm; WH/LH 0.77; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.75; EV/WF 0.77; WF/HE 0.97; WH/WF 1.91; OOL/WOT 1.28; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.13; A3 L/ W 0.74; 2R1 L/ W 3.04.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected on the Cape York Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D55AFEC7FDA1AA16FB7A2911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D554FEC5FD55ABDDFC442E8E.text	03B687A0D554FEC5FD55ABDDFC442E8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola mirabilis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola mirabilis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B8FE9F46-CA09-43F5-A7EF-21AF2AF96640</p><p>Figs 133–134</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely to densely setose. Readily distinguished from all others by the extremely flattened body, with the mesosoma over 6 times as long as deep and head about 4 times as long as deep, very narrow mandible, and smooth frons microsculpture.</p><p>Closest to S. exilis sp. nov., which is not quite as flattened and has the mandible moderately narrow and distinctly concave ventrally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ mirabilis ’, ‘amazing’ or ‘extraordinary’, referring to the exceedingly compressed body.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.86667/lat -27.266666)">Samsonvale Cemetery</a>, 8.5 km SSE of Dayboro; 27°16′ S, 152°52′ E; elev. 50 m; 12 Aug. 1998; C.J. Burwell leg.; sweeping, 50119; QM T262166.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally flat, with a trace of a low carina basally; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible very narrow, including at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view slightly convex; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly concave between eyes and ocelli, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, nearly glabrous. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Sculpture evenly, weakly microreticulate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Extremely strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view flat, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally with weak microsculpture near margins, medial disc broadly polished and shining without a trace of microsculpture or carinae. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing mostly glabrous, cell R densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.55 mm; LM 0.94 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.24; EV/HE 1.09; EV/WF 0.78; WF/HE 1.39; WH/WF 1.54; OOL/WOT 1.67; DM/LM 0.14; FL/FW 1.91; HFL/HFW 1.99; A3 L/ W 0.80; 2R1 L/ W 2.64.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected near Brisbane.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is the most extremely compressed Sierola known, resembling some of the more extreme sclerodermine genera such as Megaprosternum and Thlastepyris .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D554FEC5FD55ABDDFC442E8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D556FEC0FDBFAF76FA842AA9.text	03B687A0D556FEC0FDBFAF76FA842AA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola mucronervis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola mucronervis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2818E62A-BD26-4CF7-AE71-06C2329B3093</p><p>Figs 121, 135</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a species pair with S. pandani sp. nov., united by having the head compressed and as wide or wider than long, frons broad and sparsely punctate, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Separated by numerous characters as listed in the key, including the orange, narrow mandible, distinct malar space, ocellar triangle strongly obtuse, elongate triangular cell 1M, and coxae and femora dark brown to black.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ mucro ’, ‘point’, + ‘ nervus ’, ‘vein’, referring to the spur vein on cell 1M. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">Canberra</a>, CSIRO, behind CSIRO; 35.275° S, 149.1109° E; elev. 590 m; 10 Apr. 2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V. Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones and J. Webb leg.; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG53909 -G04, process ID MCCAA8432-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC 32-154856.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; BOLD: process ID MCCAA8509-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2 Apr. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA8793.20, BIN AED1413; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 19 Apr. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA8982-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC • 1 ♂; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">CSIRO property</a>; 35.275° S, 149.1109° E; elev. 588 m; 7–14 Nov. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: process ID MCCAA7994-20, BIN AED1413; ANIC. – Tasmania • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.31667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.31667/lat -42.933334)">The Lea</a>; 42°56′ S, 147°19′ E; 5 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; Geeveston, 141 Fourfoot Road; 6 Jan. 2018; M.M. Giannotta leg.; swept off Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus nitens, and E. globulosus residential forest with bracken understory; SAMA • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">King Is</a>., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">Pegarah Nature Reserve</a>; 39.9441° S, 143.9905° E; 18 Dec. 2023 – 13 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F180566.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, slightly to distinctly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex, with a broad area of colliculate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown to orange. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M elongate triangular, posterodistal corner extended into a point. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.60 mm; LM 0.86 mm (0.70–0.97); WH/LH 0.97 (0.96–1.00); DH/LH 0.51 (0.49–0.53); EV/HE 0.38 (0.36–0.44); EV/WF 0.38 (0.36–0.41); WF/HE 1.03 (1.00–1.11); WH/WF 1.78 (1.73–1.82); OOL/WOT 0.88 (0.88–0.97); DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 1.91 (1.73–1.91); HFL/HFW 2.21 (2.21–2.37); A3 L/ W 1.22 (1.12–1.23); 2R1 L/ W 2.93. N = 6.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Clypeus in profile short and steeply curved, weakly carinate dorsally. Malar space 1/2 as long as basal width of mandible.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.20 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 1.03; DH/LH 0.54; EV/HE 0.50; EV/WF 0.41; WF/HE 1.22; WH/WF 1.64; OOL/WOT 0.98; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.92; HFL/HFW 2.27; A3 L/ W 1.40; 2R1 L/ W 2.83.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory; uncommon but a series taken by Malaise trapping at the latter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D556FEC0FDBFAF76FA842AA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D553FEDEFDAEAB55FDBB2A02.text	03B687A0D553FEDEFDAEAB55FDBB2A02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola namatjira Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola namatjira sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 37A429FF-8CD7-4C16-B6A0-4E7A76E605A6</p><p>Figs 26, 136</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very distinctive species, easily recognized by the combination of the head flat dorsally and flat to weakly convex ventrally, very deep (DH/LH ~0.59), mandible moderately broad and parallel-sided, and basal wing cells densely setose.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for Albert Namatjira, the Aboriginal artist who was born near the collecting site and for whom the road where it was taken is named. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.90555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.750555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.90555/lat -23.750555)">Northern Territor</a> y • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.90555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.750555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.90555/lat -23.750555)">Kamatjira</a> [sic; Namatjira] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.90555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.750555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.90555/lat -23.750555)">Drive</a>; 23°45′02″ S, 132°54′20″ E; elev. 810 m; 13 Mar. 2002; J. Heraty leg.; UCRC 437204.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with second ventral tooth largest. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1–2 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with very faint microreticulation over posterior terga. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black (metasomal terga with slightly paler W-shaped marks). Antenna yellow, tinged with brown dorsally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.76 mm; LM 1.00 mm; WH/LH 0.81; DH/LH 0.59; EV/HE 0.79; EV/WF 0.81; WF/HE 0.98; WH/WF 1.77; OOL/WOT 1.64; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 1.94; HFL/HFW 2.19; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 2.20.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Northern Territory; known only from the holotype, collected in the desert interior.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The affinities of this species are obscure; although not particularly divergent, it does not appear to be close to any other known species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D553FEDEFDAEAB55FDBB2A02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D54DFEDCFD40A8CCFB9C2A21.text	03B687A0D54DFEDCFD40A8CCFB9C2A21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola nasuta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola nasuta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6A8CCC69-0457-4638-A269-E3D4A1800EBF</p><p>Figs 134, 137</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A unique species, immediately recognizable by the elongate, elliptic clypeus and reflexed, carinate genal margin. Shares with S. samiata sp. nov. the unusual concavely curved clypeal profile, but differs from it in many other respects as listed in the key. Most other species with a flat clypeus also have the basal wing cells nearly glabrous.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ nasutus ’, ‘large-nosed’, referring to the extremely enlarged clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Arno Bay; elev. 20 m; 9–19 Jan. 2019; J.L. Holder leg.; MABJH2, sand dune, small bowl shaped area, lots of flowering shrubs and some Eucalyptus and Acacia plants near by, tied to dead tree near thorn bush; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process elliptic, large and projecting well beyond closed mandibles, slightly constricted where it joins head, apex broadly rounded or truncate; dorsally flat, margins dropping off vertically; in profile straight, slightly upturned at apex. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/2 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye concave, ventral margin distinctly reflexed and carinate; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum narrowly glabrous medially, with short, moderately dense setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna all brown except scape pale on apical third. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, basal half of tibiae tinged with brown, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.96 mm; LM 1.15 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.45; EV/HE 0.31; EV/WF 0.30; WF/HE 1.03; WH/WF 1.81; OOL/WOT 0.80; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.76; HFL/HFW 2.06; A3 L/ W 1.09; 2R1 L/ W 2.29.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D54DFEDCFD40A8CCFB9C2A21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D54FFEDDFD4AA82DFB9C2CAE.text	03B687A0D54FFEDDFD4AA82DFB9C2CAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola nauo Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola nauo sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 29594800-C678-4709-A351-20587FF171B2</p><p>Figs 134, 138</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the clypeus dorsally with a low, sharp carina, evenly curved in profile; head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.55) and convex dorsally; antenna short, A3 about as long as wide; and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to S. exleyae and S. ovata sp. nov.; separated from the former by the shorter mandible, lateral ocelli close to the vertex crest, head sparsely setose ventrally, and lack of a median polished area on the propodeum; from the latter by the sparsely setose basal wing cells; and from both by the coriaceous sculpture of the posterolateral gena.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the Nauo people whose traditional land encompasses the Waterloo Bay area. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Elliston; 14 Nov. 1992; L.S. and R.B. Kimsey leg.; UCDC.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.40 mm; LM 0.70 mm; WH/LH 0.83; DH/LH 0.55; EV/HE 0.77; EV/WF 0.73; WF/HE 1.06; WH/WF 1.76; OOL/WOT 1.52; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.06; HFL/HFW 2.35; A3 L/ W 0.92; 2R1 L/ W 2.61.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D54FFEDDFD4AA82DFB9C2CAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D549FED8FDA6A85DFD3A2A22.text	03B687A0D549FED8FDA6A85DFD3A2A22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola nesomeson Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola nesomeson sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0189CB8A-9F7E-46D2-AD7A-2CDC8D31BB36</p><p>Figs 121, 139</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to S. paraglutinata sp. nov. and S. trinalis sp. nov., united by having the head only moderately convex ventrally; ocellar triangle relatively wide, OOL/WOT less than 1.40; and malar space short but distinct, about 1/4 as long as the mandible base. Differing from the latter in lacking the propodeal transverse carina and having the metafemur relatively narrow (HFL/HFW ≥ 2.50). Nearly identical to S. paraglutinata, differing only in the wing venation, with the narrow cell 2R1, basal wing cells not so densely setose, and slightly darker mandible. Also similar to S. pelion sp. nov., but with the clypeus clearly though weakly carinate, and mandible reddish brown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ nesos ’, ‘island’, + ‘ meson ’, ‘middle’, referring to the type locality near the geographic center of Tasmania. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 14 km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.48334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.48334/lat -42.25)">Bronte Park</a>; 42°15′ S, 146°29′ E; 15 Jan.–3 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise / ethanol; ANIC 32-154857.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to mesoscutum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.48 mm; LM 0.79 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.58; EV/WF 0.62; WF/HE 0.94; WH/WF 1.85; OOL/WOT 1.30; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 2.09; HFL/HFW 2.71; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 3.82.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. paraglutinata sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D549FED8FDA6A85DFD3A2A22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D54BFED9FD48A82DFAAF2DDC.text	03B687A0D54BFED9FD48A82DFAAF2DDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola nidus Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola nidus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C7D2A402-04B0-4243-9B29-BCE495BAF2A2</p><p>Figs 134, 140</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A somewhat nondescript species, distinguished by having the head compressed (DH/LH 0.48) and slightly convex dorsally; clypeus short, broad, semi-elliptical, in profile evenly curved; mandible black; basal wing cells densely setose, frons moderately broad, WF/HE 1.09; and lacking any other unusual characters.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ nidus ’, ‘nest’, referring to the type locality. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Crows Nest; 6 Aug. 1977; E.C. Dahms leg.; QM T262167.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly to distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.89 mm; LM 0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.85; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 0.65; EV/WF 0.60; WF/HE 1.09; WH/WF 1.71; OOL/WOT 1.45; DM/LM 0.32; FL/FW 1.93; HFL/HFW 2.03; A3 L/ W 0.90; 2R1 L/ W 2.63.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the Great Dividing Range west of Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D54BFED9FD48A82DFAAF2DDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D54AFED7FDAEAF87FC9B2CD8.text	03B687A0D54AFED7FDAEAF87FC9B2CD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola nigrisetae Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola nigrisetae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 51643EB7-7B6E-4746-9F62-48397EDBAEBA</p><p>Figs 125, 141</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A striking and distinctive species, easily recognized from all others. The head is wider than long and deep, strongly convex dorsally and somewhat angulate ventrally, with dense ventral setation, and long, thick, black, bristle-like setae on the vertex and gena. The metasomal sternites also have conspicuous elongate setae, but these are often broken off.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the elongate black hairs of the head and metasoma. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.45/lat -11.65)">Cockatoo Creek</a>; 11°39′ S, 142°27′ E; 12 Nov.–14 Dec. 1993; P. Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC 32-154858.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 19 Feb.–20 Apr. 1994; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 20 Apr.–20 May 1994; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process triangular, apex pointed; dorsally convex, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately broad at base, evenly tapering, slightly broadened on apical third; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae with long, black, bristle-like setae: two on each side of vertex, and a row along the gena becoming shorter anteriorly. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining, coarsely reticulate and dull laterally between eyes and vertex. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Genal angle prominent, apex rounded, head distinctly triangular in lateral view. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga, apical tergites punctate laterally. S3–5 each with a pair of long erect black setae near posterior margin. Sixth sternum narrowly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally, becoming longer laterad.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape brown basally, otherwise nearly all yellow. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M triangular, Rs connecting in the middle of the cell. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.77 mm; LM 1.01 mm (1.01–1.26); WH/LH 1.01 (1.01–1.06); DH/LH 0.64 (0.64–0.67); EV/HE 0.27 (0.24–0.31); EV/WF 0.30 (0.26–0.33); WF/HE 0.90 (0.90–0.96); WH/WF 1.85 (1.82–1.86); OOL/WOT 0.95 (0.90–0.96); DM/LM 0.49; FL/FW 1.83 (1.82–1.86); HFL/HFW 2.18 (2.09–2.22); A3 L/ W 1.61 (1.50–1.61); 2R1 L/ W 2.53. N = 5.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from a series of five specimens, all taken at the same locality in the Cape York Peninsula.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The vertex and gena setae identify this species as part of the vibrissata group, but the very broad, deep head makes it strikingly different from all the others. It shares with S. vibrissata the flattened anterior frons, with the sides converging to a sharp carina anteriorly. The ventral metasomal setae are evidently fragile, as they are missing from several of the specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D54AFED7FDAEAF87FC9B2CD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D547FED5FDACA85DFD7A2CFD.text	03B687A0D547FED5FDACA85DFD7A2CFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola nitidigena Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola nitidigena sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F20674DE-7818-488D-BB93-3D4E68A6918D</p><p>Figs 121, 142</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.57) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar to S. intonsa sp. nov. and S. pelion sp. nov., sharing the moderately narrow mandible which is distinctly concave ventrally and strongly convex outwardly, distinct malar space, and clypeus lacking a sharp carina. Separated from both by the broad metafemur, gena smooth and polished posterolaterally, and S6 evenly covered with short pilose setae, without a median glabrous area.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ nitidus ’, ‘shining’, + ‘ gena ’, ‘cheek’, referring to the polished gena. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; Bellingham Dam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.2119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.0234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.2119/lat -41.0234)">117 Saltwood Road</a>; 41.0234° S, 147.2119° E; 18 Nov.–15 Dec. 2023; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 1; TMAG F152999.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.016" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.197/lat -41.016)">Bellingham</a>; 41.016° S, 147.197° E; Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap; TMAG F180584 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a rounded carina, effaced towards apex; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with very faint microreticulation over posterior terga. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum evenly pilose, with dense short erect setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.25 mm; LM 1.17 mm; WH/LH 0.90; DH/LH 0.59; EV/HE 0.48; EV/WF 0.55; WF/HE 0.88; WH/WF 1.95; OOL/WOT 1.12; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.95; HFL/HFW 2.17; A3 L/ W 1.50; 2R1 L/ W 2.42.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from two specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D547FED5FDACA85DFD7A2CFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D541FED0FD5AA85DFBD7293E.text	03B687A0D541FED0FD5AA85DFBD7293E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola ocellata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola ocellata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D568809F-F7FA-420C-B431-BA13E73E7E00</p><p>Figs 97, 143</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the clypeus dorsally with a low, sharp carina, evenly curved in profile; head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.55) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Distinguished by the somewhat densely punctate frons, with abundant long setae giving it a hairy appearance; metasomal tergites with faint reticulate sculpture dorsally; and ocelli somewhat enlarged, lateral ocelli separated by less than twice their diameter.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the unusually large ocelli.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Baldy <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.41667/lat -17.333334)">Mt Road</a>, 3.3 km from S end; 17°20′ S, 145°25′ E; elev. 1100 m; 30 Nov. 1997; C.J. Burwell leg.; QM T262168.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Indooroopilly mine and quarry; 18 Sep. 1979; G. Gordh leg.; UCRC 556767 • 1 ♀; Indooroopilly; 6 Nov. 1979; G. Gordh and H. Hartman leg.; UCRC 556773 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1–2 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Procoxa and femur black to brown, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.98 mm; LM 0.94 mm (0.89–0.98); WH/LH 0.89 (0.85–0.89); DH/LH 0.55 (0.54–0.55); EV/HE 0.64 (0.64–0.79); EV/WF 0.56 (0.56–0.64); WF/HE 1.16 (1.15–1.19); WH/WF 1.73 (1.65–1.73); OOL/WOT 1.39 (1.39–1.70); DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.33 (2.08–2.33); HFL/HFW 2.55 (2.36–2.55); A3 L/ W 1.33 (1.17–1.33); 2R1 L/ W 2.45. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the Atherton Table and, and a pair of specimens taken in Brisbane.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The paratypes from southern Queensland are slightly different and may represent a separate species. The clypeus is more straight in profile, only curving near the apex, with the head longer posterior of the eyes, and meso- and metacoxae and femora brown rather than yellow. However, these are mostly within the range of normal variation, so they are considered a single species for now.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D541FED0FD5AA85DFBD7293E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D543FEEEFDA7AB20FB8229E0.text	03B687A0D543FEEEFDA7AB20FB8229E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola opprimator Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola opprimator sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 21512F8E-2CA3-4D48-8016-CF3706DB4230</p><p>Figs 134, 144</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable among the Australian fauna by the thick (in ventral view), strongly elbowed mandible, with the head wider than long and short posterior of the eyes, and vertex slightly concave. Most similar to S. megalognatha Fullaway, 1920 of Hawaii, which has the head slightly less broad and much longer posteriorly.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ opprimator ’, ‘one that crushes’, referring to the massive mandibles. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Murwillumbah – Coffs Harbor Hwy 1; 2 Sep. 1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; car net; UCDC.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex pointed; dorsally weakly carinate, or rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view distinctly elbowed externally, internal margin nearly straight. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave, ventral margin distinctly reflexed and carinate; sculpture shining and faintly reticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S4–6 each with a pair of long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing mostly glabrous, cell R densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.27 mm; LM 1.20 mm; WH/LH 1.04; DH/LH 0.57; EV/HE 0.27; EV/WF 0.26; WF/HE 1.05; WH/WF 1.81; OOL/WOT 1.14; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.79; HFL/HFW 2.13; A3 L/ W 1.36; 2R1 L/ W 2.25.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from the holotype, collected in the northeastern forest region.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The resemblance of this species to S. megalognatha from Hawaii is quite striking, especially considering that there are no other similar species known from either fauna. This suggests either a large number of trans-Pacific dispersal events for Sierola or extreme morphological convergence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D543FEEEFDA7AB20FB8229E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D57DFEECFD4BABE2FBBD2911.text	03B687A0D57DFEECFD4BABE2FBBD2911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola ovata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola ovata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3E0BC650-5AD8-4E21-AF2C-3153DC6B7B52</p><p>Figs 134, 145</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally and ventrally and basal wing cells setose, distinguished from most species by the moderately broad frons, clypeus semi-elliptical with a low carina dorsally, head moderately broad and deep, mandible distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest. Closest to S. exleyae sp. nov. and S. lacustris sp. nov.; separated from the former by the densely setose basal wing cells, short, broad cell 2R1, short and steep clypeus in profile, and propodeum entirely reticulate dorsally, without a polished strip; and from the latter by the coriaceous frons microsculpture, narrower frons (WF/HE ~1.10 vs 1.15–1.20), vertex not carinate between the lateral ocelli, and head slightly deeper (DH/LH ~0.58 vs 0.53–0.54).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the strongly ovate 2R1 cell.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; near Charleville; 27 Oct.–5 Dec. 1989; P. Johnson leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262169.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or slightly shorter. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous to finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or slightly longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.64 mm; LM 0.89 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.81; EV/WF 0.73; WF/HE 1.11; WH/WF 1.73; OOL/WOT 1.50; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.14; HFL/HFW 1.89; A3 L/ W 0.85; 2R1 L/ W 2.54.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southern interior.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D57DFEECFD4BABE2FBBD2911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D57FFEEAFD59ABDDFB7A2AC6.text	03B687A0D57FFEEAFD59ABDDFB7A2AC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola pandani Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola pandani sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8D649ABF-2353-49D6-BF2A-CFBE4D8BB54A</p><p>Figs 26, 146</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a species pair with S. mucronervis sp. nov., united by having the head compressed and as wide or wider than long, frons broad and sparsely punctate, and basal wing cells nearly glabrous. Separated by numerous characters as listed in the key, including the black, moderately broad, slightly twisted mandible, ocellar triangle right, deep postgenal depression, and legs all yellow.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the host plant, Pandanus sp. (probably P. spiralis).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Northern Territory • ♀; Darwin; 28 Aug. 1915; G.F.H. leg.; ex Pandanus leaf-miner; ANIC 32-154859.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Northern Territory • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate or rounded, convex; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression deep, distinct, broad. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely yellow except the two terminal flagellomeres brown. Mandible black. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.67 mm; LM 0.86 mm (0.83–0.88); WH/LH 0.97 (0.95–0.97); DH/LH 0.51 (0.49–0.51); EV/HE 0.67 (0.67–0.73); EV/WF 0.52 (0.52–0.57); WF/HE 1.28 (1.27–1.29); WH/WF 1.65 (1.65–1.68); OOL/WOT 1.50 (1.33–1.50); DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 1.85 (1.84–1.93); HFL/HFW 2.08 (2.08–2.24); A3 L/ W 1.52 (1.40–1.65); 2R1 L/ W 2.71. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Northern Territory; known from one series of three specimens collected at Darwin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D57FFEEAFD59ABDDFB7A2AC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D579FEE8FD8EA888FCC82978.text	03B687A0D579FEE8FD8EA888FCC82978.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola paracompressa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola paracompressa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1CE453F4-B3BB-403F-8502-D3D062D2E60A</p><p>Figs 128, 147</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, head moderately long posterior of the eyes, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Separated from related species by the strongly acute ocellar triangle and the clypeus evenly sloping in profile. In addition to the clypeus, distinguished from the very similar S. compressa sp. nov. by the more granular frons microsculpture.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the similarity of this species to S. compressa sp. nov.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; Higginsville; 31°45′ S, 121°42′ E; 11 Oct. 1981; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154860.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Canberra; Aug. 1947; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally flat, with a trace of a low carina basally; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with dorsal tooth broad but short, on dorsal surface, indistinct, three ventral teeth pointed and equal. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.06 mm; LM 1.16 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.40; EV/HE 0.89; EV/WF 0.65; WF/HE 1.36; WH/WF 1.55; OOL/WOT 1.92; DM/LM 0.27; FL/FW 2.07; HFL/HFW 1.84; A3 L/ W 0.86; 2R1 L/ W 2.45.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia and Australian Capital Territory. Known from two widely separated specimens.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>It is possible that the two specimens may represent cryptic species, since the other related species appear to be localized and the habitats they were collected in were also quite different. However, they appear indistinguishable aside from difference in OOL/WOT.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D579FEE8FD8EA888FCC82978	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D57BFEE6FDB4AB7BFD602985.text	03B687A0D57BFEE6FDB4AB7BFD602985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola paracontracta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola paracontracta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1975C3B0-B4BF-482A-83D8-683BC3B24AA3</p><p>Figs 148–149</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. United with S. confecta sp. nov., S. contracta sp. nov., S. parallela sp. nov., S. pericontracta sp. nov., and S. subcontracta sp. nov. in having the long setae brown, scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Separated from the first by the dense punctation and short setae of the frons (setae only about as long as the medial flagellum width) and broader head (WH/LH ~0.91) with posterior corners well defined; and from the last by the low carina on the anterior frons, mandible entirely black, and fore wing evenly tinged with yellow. Very similar to S. pericontracta, separated by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle and carinate occipital margin; nearly identical to S. parallela, separated only by the slightly broader clypeal ridge and distinct malar space, and by DNA sequence.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the similarity of this species to S. contracta sp. nov.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.6194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.6194/lat -34.0542)">near Renmark</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.6194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.6194/lat -34.0542)">Calperum Station</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.6194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.6194/lat -34.0542)">Primary Site</a>; 34.0542° S, 140.6194° E; elev. 50 m; 22–29 Oct. 2015; Peter Cale leg.; Malaise trap, fire Jan. 2014, 850 m unburnt mallee in all directions; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG36661-B10, process ID GMASU025-17, BIN ADL2126; ANIC 32-154861.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a flat ridge on anterior face, antennal scrobes carinate; in profile steep, recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture evenly, weakly microreticulate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow, metatibia tinged with brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.69 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 0.91; DH/LH 0.54; EV/HE 0.34; EV/WF 0.37; WF/HE 0.92; WH/WF 1.74; OOL/WOT 0.80; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 1.85; HFL/HFW 2.05; A3 L/ W 1.08; 2R1 L/ W 3.00.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the semi-arid region near the border with New South Wales and Victoria.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. parallela sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D57BFEE6FDB4AB7BFD602985	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D574FEE4FD59A85DFBB728E0.text	03B687A0D574FEE4FD59A85DFBB728E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola paractia Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola paractia sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 39CE6316-DF47-4902-822B-A8C59B3F4A9D</p><p>Figs 149–150</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the ficicola species group, with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short. Closest to S. comparata sp. nov., sharing the long head posterior of the eye and mandible strongly convex outwardly, the second ventral tooth prominent, and weakly concave ventrally. Separated by the vertex not carinate between the lateral ocelli, head more compressed (DH/ LH ~0.47), and basal wing cells each with a single row of setae (that of R broadly interrupted) rather than sparsely scattered.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ paraktios ’, ‘coastal’, referring to the collection of the holotype on the lake shore. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.62105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.00856" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.62105/lat -37.00856)">Lake Lonsdale</a>; 37.00856° S, 142.621041° E; 14 Dec. 2019; L. Hearn leg.; sweeping Acacia; ANIC 32-154862.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with second ventral tooth largest. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded (indistinctly carinate posterior of ocelli). Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose (setal row in cell R broadly interrupted medially). Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.61 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.73; DH/LH 0.47; EV/HE 1.00; EV/WF 1.00; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.78; OOL/WOT 1.83; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 1.97; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 0.83; 2R1 L/ W 2.42.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the holotype, collected near the Grampian Range.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D574FEE4FD59A85DFBB728E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D576FEE3FDB9A85DFE812977.text	03B687A0D576FEE3FDB9A85DFE812977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola paraglutinata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola paraglutinata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C8020578-45DF-40B2-937F-9E0CC8AE4CBF</p><p>Figs 149, 151</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to S. nesomeson sp. nov. and S. trinalis sp. nov., united by having the head only moderately convex ventrally; ocellar triangle relatively wide, OOL/WOT less than 1.40; and malar space short but distinct, about 1/4 as long as the mandible base. Differing from S. trinalis in lacking the propodeal transverse carina and having the metafemur relatively narrow (HFL/HFW ≥2.50). Nearly identical to S. nesomeson, differing only in the wing venation, with a broader cell 2R1 and convex posterior margin of 1M, denser setation of the basal wing cells, and slightly paler mandible. Also very similar to S. intonsa sp. nov., differing in having the mandible and femora conspicuously pale (usually nearly black in S. intonsa, sometimes mandible reddish brown) and the vertex slightly carinate between the lateral ocelli.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the close similarity of this species to S. glutinata sp. nov.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; Cumberland Creek, via Cambarville; elev. 854 m; 13 Dec. 1973; I. Naumann leg.; temperate rainforest; QM T262170.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to coriaceous, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible orange. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.39 mm; LM 0.73 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.51; EV/WF 0.56; WF/HE 0.91; WH/WF 1.84; OOL/WOT 1.25; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.10; HFL/HFW 2.69; A3 L/ W 1.10; 2R1 L/ W 2.50.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the holotype, collected in the Yarra Ranges.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species may be conspecific with S. nesomeson sp. nov., but the difference in wing venation and setation is notable enough that given their geographic separation, I feel it is best to treat them as semicryptic species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D576FEE3FDB9A85DFE812977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D570FEFEFD55AB7BFB9E2A36.text	03B687A0D570FEFEFD55AB7BFB9E2A36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola parallela Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola parallela sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A500484-E939-49C7-A2E9-5CB68DE7E370</p><p>Figs 152–153</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. United with S. confecta sp. nov., S. contracta sp. nov., S. paracontracta sp. nov., S. pericontracta sp. nov., and S. subcontracta sp. nov. in having the long setae brown, scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Forming a well-defined group with S. confecta and S. paracontracta, distinguished by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle and carinate occipital margin; separated from the former by the much more highly arched clypeus and infuscate fore wing, and from the latter by the slightly narrower clypeal ridge, very short malar space, and DNA sequence.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ parallelus ’, ‘side by side’, referring to the collection of the holotype alongside that of S. pericontracta sp. nov. while being morphologically nearly identical to S. paracontracta sp. nov.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.0865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.831/lat -32.0865)">Cockburn Wetlands Education Centre</a>; 32.0865° S, 115.831° E; 8–15 Aug. 2014; D. Crosbie leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG23352-A08, process ID GMCWF470-15, BIN ACW8560; ANIC 32-154863.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a flat ridge on anterior face (narrow, nearly carinate), antennal scrobes carinate; in profile steep, recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture evenly, weakly microreticulate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Moderately shining with distinct microreticulation over all terga, T4–6 punctate and conspicuously setose. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.66 mm; LM 0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.53; EV/HE 0.33; EV/WF 0.38; WF/HE 0.87; WH/WF 1.73; OOL/WOT 0.79; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.87; HFL/HFW 2.17; A3 L/ W 1.25; 2R1 L/ W 3.00.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the Perth-Fremantle area.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is morphologically nearly identical to S. paracontracta sp. nov. (ocellar triangle obtuse, DH/LH 0.54, OOL/WOT ~1.7) of South Australia, but was collected in Western Australia at the same site as S. pericontracta sp. nov. I would not have considered the slight differences between this and at least the first species to be significant enough to warrant describing it as separate, but all three have been sequenced and they are genetically about equally distant (~6% divergent in COI). This suggests that some of the other species described here from a small number of widely-separated collections, such as S. megacephala sp. nov., S. paracompressa sp. nov., and S. vibrissoides sp. nov., are likely to be cryptic species pairs. The fourth species in this complex, S. confecta sp. nov. of New South Wales, has not been sequenced but also has clear differences and is no doubt distinct from the others.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D570FEFEFD55AB7BFB9E2A36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D56DFEFCFD44A838FBDD2E0E.text	03B687A0D56DFEFCFD44A838FBDD2E0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola pelion Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola pelion sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DD02FFC1-FBC6-4B1D-8CC1-32D1BDCAA095</p><p>Figs 149, 154</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.57) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Very similar to S. nitidigena sp. nov. and S. intonsa sp. nov., sharing the moderately narrow mandible, distinctly concave ventrally and strongly convex outwardly, distinct malar space, and clypeus lacking a sharp carina. Separated from the former by the narrow metafemur, gena reticulate posterolaterally, and S6 glabrous medially; and from the latter by the coarser frons sculpture, distinctly pigmented wing veins, and more triangular cell 1M.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the type locality, at the base of Mount Pelion East. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.833332)">Pelion Hut</a>, 3 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°50′ S, 146°03′ E; 30 Nov. 1990 – 8 Jan. 1991; closed forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 5; ANIC 32-154864.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.41667/lat -41.383335)">Mt Barrow</a> 11 km E by N of Nunamara; 41°23′ S, 147°25′ E; 30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 4 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°51′ S, 146°03′ E; 4 Oct.–6 Nov. 1990; (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 3; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.833332)">Pelion Hut</a>, 3 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°50′ S, 146°03′ E; 4 Oct.–6 Nov. 1990; closed forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 2; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.866665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.866665)">Pelion Gap</a>, 2 km ENE of Mt Ossa; 41°52′ S, 146°03′ E; 30 Nov. 1990 – 9 Jan. 1991; [no collector] leg.; (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 6; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; 4 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°51′ S, 146°03′ E; 30 Nov. 1990 – 8 Jan. 1991; (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 3; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.833332)">Pelion Hut</a>, 3 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°50′ S, 146°03′ E; 8 Jan.–12 Feb. 1991; closed forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 2; ANIC • 2 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.833332)">Pelion Hut</a>, 3 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°50′ S, 146°03′ E; 8 Jan.–12 Feb. 1991; open forest (W.E.B.S.) Malaise 1; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.833332)">Pelion Hut</a>, 3 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°50′ S, 146°03′ E; 18–23 Nov. 1991; I.D. Naumann leg.; rainforest margin; ANIC .</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.833332)">Pelion Hut</a>, 3 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°50′ S, 146°03′ E; 5–10 Feb. 1990; I.D. Naumann leg.; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally weakly carinate, or rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown, scape yellowish on median face. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.96 mm; LM 0.89 mm (0.78–0.98); WH/LH 0.89 (0.82–0.90); DH/LH 0.59 (0.57–0.61); EV/HE 0.63 (0.58–0.76); EV/WF 0.59 (0.55–0.68); WF/HE 1.06 (1.03–1.14); WH/WF 1.78 (1.71–1.82); OOL/WOT 1.21 (1.18–1.37); DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.17 (2.08–2.26); HFL/HFW 2.68 (2.48–2.76); A3 L/ W 1.50 (1.33–1.57); 2R1 L/ W 3.11. N = 14.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Clypeus semicircular, apex rounded, in profile weakly curved, nearly straight. Malar space nearly absent. Frons setae longer than flagellum width. Mesosoma . Propodeal disc coarsely striate laterally. Metasoma. Apical tergites with very faint reticulation dorsally. Color . Mandible pale yellow. Profemur predominantly yellow, dorsal and ventral margins brownish. Wings. Basal wing cells with intermediate setation.</p><p>Measurements. LFW 1.24 mm; LM 0.61 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.56; EV/HE 0.64; EV/WF 0.69; WF/HE 0.93; WH/WF 1.85; OOL/WOT 1.12; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.33; HFL/HFW 2.50; A3 L/ W 1.25; 2R1 L/ W 3.18.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from a long series all taken around the same locality in the course of one season.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The association of the male is somewhat uncertain; it differs from the female in more characters than other species, such as wing setation. See Remarks under S. intonsa sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D56DFEFCFD44A838FBDD2E0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D56FFEFAFD48ACF1FD112E07.text	03B687A0D56FFEFAFD48ACF1FD112E07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola peras Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola peras sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4EEB05E2-E330-4E1F-B18C-6DA98C05C8B4</p><p>Figs 153, 155</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous, head convex dorsally, and clypeus evenly curved in profile, distinguished by the moderately deep head (DH/LH 0.55–0.60), mostly dark mandible, and lack of a carina between the lateral ocelli. Closest to S. lemniscata sp. nov., separated by having the mandible distinctly narrower, frons about as wide as eye height, and head longer posterior of the eye.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ peras ’, ‘end’ or ‘western’, referring to the type locality on the far west coast and its position as the last major town on the way north. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; Geraldton; 31 Dec. 1975; R. Storey and E.M. Exley leg.; QM T262171.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.86 mm; LM 0.98 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.63; EV/WF 0.62; WF/HE 1.03; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 1.03; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 1.96; HFL/HFW 2.29; A3 L/ W 0.83; 2R1 L/ W 2.47.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known from one collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D56FFEFAFD48ACF1FD112E07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D569FEF8FDB8ACCBFD602D7B.text	03B687A0D569FEF8FDB8ACCBFD602D7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola pericontracta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola pericontracta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E7F851F2-1DAE-4368-B65E-75A1AB2A0108</p><p>Figs 153, 156</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. United with S. contracta sp. nov., S. confecta sp. nov., S. paracontracta sp. nov., S. parallela sp. nov., and S. subcontracta sp. nov. in having the long setae brown, scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus apically a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Separated from the first by the dense punctation and short setae of the frons (setae only about as long as the medial flagellum width) and broader head (WH/LH ~0.91) with posterior corners well defined; and from the last by the low carina on the anterior frons, mandible entirely black, and fore wing evenly tinged with yellow. Very similar to S. confecta, S. paracontracta, and S. parallela, separated by having the ocellar triangle anterior angle right and occipital margin rounded, not carinate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the similarity of this species to S. contracta sp. nov.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.0865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.831/lat -32.0865)">Cockburn Wetlands Education Centre</a>; 32.0865° S, 115.831° E; 6–13 Feb. 2015; D. Crosbie leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG26390-A01, process ID GMCWS630-15, BIN ADC2753; ANIC 32-154865.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to rounded triangular, apex rounded; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a flat ridge on anterior face, antennal scrobes carinate; in profile steep, recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head (weakly differentiated from ventral sculpture). Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane with a transverse band of faint infuscation between stigma and apex of Rs. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.11 mm; LM 1.13 mm; WH/LH 0.93; DH/LH 0.55; EV/HE 0.29; EV/WF 0.35; WF/HE 0.83; WH/WF 1.89; OOL/WOT 0.95; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 1.80; HFL/HFW 2.02; A3 L/ W 1.20; 2R1 L/ W 2.85.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected in the Perth-Fremantle area.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. parallela sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D569FEF8FDB8ACCBFD602D7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D56BFEF6FDAAAF64FEF52D5D.text	03B687A0D56BFEF6FDAAAF64FEF52D5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola planifrons Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola planifrons sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6AFDC50A-5E75-459E-95AD-EFE1722FE101</p><p>Figs 125, 157</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>An aberrant member of the compressa species group, with the head flattened and frons broad but mesosoma not compressed. Closest to S. lapis sp. nov. and S. medialis sp. nov., separated by having the head nearly as wide as long (WH/LH 0.98), head flat and clypeus elongate in profile.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ planus ’, ‘flat’, + ‘ frons ’, ‘front’, referring to the broad frons and flattened head. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 5.5 km W of Musselbrook Mining Camp; 18°36′ S, 138°06′ E; 14 Apr. 1995; G.V. Maynard leg.; Melaleuca GVM-AC950549; ANIC 32-154866.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; 9.7 km N of Ellis Beach; 17 Apr. 1987; E.C. Dahms and G. Sarnes leg.; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with ventral tooth largest, three dorsal teeth equal. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture microreticulate and extremely dull, velvety. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2 broadly setose all over, S3–5 each with a conspicuous apical band of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma brownish. Antenna entirely dull yellow. Mandible black. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.28 mm; LM 1.29 mm; WH/LH 0.98; DH/LH 0.44; EV/HE 0.71; EV/WF 0.45; WF/HE 1.60; WH/WF 1.46; OOL/WOT 1.79; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.73; HFL/HFW 1.82; A3 L/ W 1.33; 2R1 L/ W 2.53.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two locations in the north, one wet and one dry.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Like S. medialis sp. nov., the head shape clearly places this species in the compressa group despite the robust mesosoma. Its collection from two very different habitat types is unusual in the Australian Sierola fauna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D56BFEF6FDAAAF64FEF52D5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D565FEF5FDA4AF01FC092911.text	03B687A0D565FEF5FDA4AF01FC092911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola planirostris Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola planirostris sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3586C36F-4DC9-49D2-9361-9D6D68112459</p><p>Figs 158–159</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among the species with a distinctly elongate, parallel-sided clypeus, easily separated by the clypeus completely flat dorsally and evenly sloping in profile. The sculpture of the frons is minutely colliculate, obscuring the punctation, while the clypeus is highly polished, both unusual characters. Most similar to S. giffardi Fullaway, 1920 of Hawaii, which differs in having both the frons and clypeus smoothly microreticulate, and the vertex distinctly concave.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ planus ’, ‘flat’, + ‘ rostrum ’, ‘beak’ or ‘nose’, referring to the flat clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; 9 km NE of Blackbutt; 26°52′ S, 152°11′ E; 19 Oct. 1991; T. Gush leg.; in debris in creek bed, Tom Gush Collection 3181; ANIC 32-154867.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process somewhat elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex broadly rounded; dorsally flat, margins dropping off vertically; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons punctation obscured by microsculpture. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture minutely colliculate, appearing dull at low magnification but with each cellule shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible concave in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression narrow but distinct, V-shaped. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc slightly concave. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black to reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.95 mm; LM 0.98 mm; WH/LH 0.76; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 0.67; EV/WF 0.69; WF/HE 0.98; WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.26; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.84; HFL/HFW 2.08; A3 L/ W 1.17; 2R1 L/ W 2.25.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D565FEF5FDA4AF01FC092911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D566FEF3FDBBABDDFDE3282E.text	03B687A0D566FEF3FDBBABDDFDE3282E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola platyrhyncha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola platyrhyncha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E7F6D989-BBCA-42A6-8A0A-24725D0B4E19</p><p>Figs 159–160</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a species complex with S. koala sp. nov. and S. samiata sp. nov., characterized by the broad, flat clypeus which is curved in profile, highly polished, and largely impunctate; head broad and compressed; and vertex concave in dorsal view. Separated from the former by having the basal wing cells nearly glabrous rather than sparsely setose, frons scarcely broader than an eye length, ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse, and propodeum with a broad polished strip; and from the latter by the black mandible and more compressed head.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ platy ’, ‘flat’, + ‘ rhynchos ’, ‘nose’, referring to the flattened clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 1 km SSE of Gladstone; 40°58′ S, 148°01′ E; 29 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154868.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; Donaldson State Forest via Woodenbong; 30 Dec. 1979; I.D. Naumann leg.; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.38333/lat -35.4)">Whiskers</a>, 7 km WNW of Hoskinstown; 35°24′ S, 149°23′ E; 8 Sep. 1992; M.S. Upton leg.; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex broadly rounded; dorsally flat, margins dropping off vertically; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with ventral tooth largest, three dorsal teeth equal. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible concave in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.58 mm; LM 0.92 mm (0.92–0.98); WH/LH 0.96 (0.96–1.00); DH/LH 0.44 (0.44–0.47); EV/HE 0.36 (0.35–0.39); EV/WF 0.34 (0.33–0.35); WF/HE 1.06 (1.06–1.09); WH/WF 1.79 (1.79–1.84); OOL/WOT 0.98 (0.96–1.12); DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 1.73 (1.73–1.86); HFL/HFW 2.13 (2.09–2.21); A3 L/ W 1.48 (1.17–1.48); 2R1 L/ W 2.73. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales and Tasmania. Known from three widely separated collections; probably occurring in Queensland and Victoria as well.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species may be conspecific with S. samiata sp. nov., as they differ mainly in mandible color. Although the ranges are nearly sympatric, the records of S. samiata are from drier, more inland sites than S. platyrhyncha sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D566FEF3FDBBABDDFDE3282E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D560FEF1FD5CAAD0FD3629B6.text	03B687A0D560FEF1FD5CAAD0FD3629B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola pontilis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola pontilis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D11BFD1B-A655-42C5-A446-F1137CAA07E8</p><p>Figs 161, 163</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a cluster of species with the clypeus dorsally with a low, sharp carina, evenly curved in profile; head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.59) and convex dorsally; lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest; and basal wing cells densely setose. Distinguished by the strongly obtuse ocellar triangle and posterior corners of the head strongly rounded off, appearing ovate rather than quadrate in dorsal view. The head is also rather strongly convex dorsally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ pontilis ’, ‘of a bridge’, referring to the holotype collection site. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.93333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.93333/lat -41.316666)">Intake Bridge</a>; 41°19′ S, 147°56′ E; 13 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154869.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.21666/lat -41.633335)">Elephant Pass</a>; 41°38′ S, 148°13′ E; 28 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to coriaceous, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.45 mm; LM 0.72 mm; WH/LH 0.87; DH/LH 0.59; EV/HE 0.46; EV/WF 0.55; WF/HE 0.84; WH/WF 1.97; OOL/WOT 1.08; DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 2.06; HFL/HFW 2.59; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 3.08.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from two specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D560FEF1FD5CAAD0FD3629B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D562FE8FFD55ABB8FB9C2DF3.text	03B687A0D562FE8FFD55ABB8FB9C2DF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola porticola Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola porticola sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A21D64F0-BC50-4157-B1EB-66249EDA1D66</p><p>Figs 162–163</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the basal wing cells glabrous, head convex dorsally, and clypeus evenly curved in profile, distinguished by the orange-brown mandible, flattened head, and S6 evenly covered with short, anteriorly-directed setae. Some specimens of S. carinifrons sp. nov. also have the mandible pale, but also have the propodeum with a broad median polished strip extending the full length of the dorsal surface and frons microsculpture smooth; in S. porticola sp. nov. the propodeum is polished only in a triangle covering the basal 1/3 and the frons microsculpture coriaceous.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ portus ’, ‘harbor’, + ‘ -cola ’, ‘dweller’, referring to the collection of this species near Waterloo Bay.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Elliston; 14 Nov. 1992; L.S. and R.B. Kimsey leg.; UCDC.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart (largely obscured by microsculpture). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity (smooth but faintly microreticulate back to declivity); transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum evenly covered with short, anteriorly-directed setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape brown basally, otherwise nearly all yellow. Mandible mostly orange-brown, basal third black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle (apex of Rs faint or absent but last segment of C clearly present and pigmented).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.57 mm; LM 0.82 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.62; EV/WF 0.72; WF/HE 0.86; WH/WF 1.87; OOL/WOT 1.15; DM/LM 0.32; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.08; A3 L/ W 0.91; 2R1 L/ W 2.56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D562FE8FFD55ABB8FB9C2DF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D51CFE8AFDA7AFFFFC9F286C.text	03B687A0D51CFE8AFDA7AFFFFC9F286C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola proboscidis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola proboscidis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1579CF03-94AA-4C6C-8786-4C07163D8B9D</p><p>Figs 159, 164</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Easily separated from nearly all other Sierola by the elongate trapezoidal clypeus, which is narrowly truncate apically and strongly convex dorsally. Closest to S. redacta sp. nov., distinguished by the narrower clypeus which is strongly curved in profile; broader head, with OOL/WOT much less (1.13– 1.33 vs ~1.75); elongate setae of the vertex and gena; and sparsely setose basal wing cells. The form of the clypeus resembles some species from Hawaii such as S. winiwini Magnacca, but in all those seen the clypeus is either flat or at least weakly carinate, not convex.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ proboscidis ’, ‘snout’, referring to the elongate, narrow clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.0/lat -35.583332)">Honeysuckle Creek</a>; 35°35′ S, 149°00′ E; 11–22 Apr. 1985; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise trap/ethanol; ANIC 32-154870.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.0591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.0591/lat -35.261)">Cook</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.0591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.0591/lat -35.261)">8 Moss Street</a>; 35.261° S, 149.0591° E; elev. 632 m; 9 Oct. 2010; C. Carr, P. Hebert, S. Kirk, J. McCormick and J. Sones leg.; BOLD: process ID HYAT264-11, BIN ABA1054; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 30 Oct. 2010; BOLD: process ID HYAS784-11, BIN ABA1054; ANIC • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 18–24 Oct. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: process IDs AACTA1114-20, AACTA1145-20, AACTA1632-20, BIN ABA1054; ANIC . – New South Wales • 2 ♀♀; Royalla; 29 Mar. 1961; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC . – Queensland • 1 ♀; Blunder Creek, Brisbane; 2–9 Oct. 1979; A. Hook and H.E. and M.A. Evans leg.; QM • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 1–7 Nov. 1979; QM . – South Australia • 1 ♀; Mt Barker; 12 Dec. 1989 – 2 Jan. 1990; A.D. Austin and R. Wharton leg.; SAMA . – Victoria • 1 ♀; Parkville, Melbourne; 18 Feb. 1985; K. Walker leg.; on Eucalyptus; MVMA HYM-86596 • 1 ♀; Melbourne, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.33333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.33333/lat -37.733334)">Roadside</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.33333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.33333/lat -37.733334)">Reids Road</a>; 37°44′ S, 144°20′ E; 19 May 1993; B. Van Praagh and P. Lillywhite leg.; Melbourne Western Region Survey, canopy fogging grey box woodland. rep. 1; MVMA HYM-86619 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process elongate trapezoidal to rounded triangular, apex truncate; dorsally with a broad, rounded ridge; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided to slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth and shining to finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight or very slightly concave; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye flat, with a broad area of distinct tesselate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, median area with a narrow polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline or weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle (rarely faint at apex or not reaching wing margin).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.71 mm; LM 0.94 mm (0.78–1.11); WH/LH 0.87 (0.83–0.92); DH/LH 0.51 (0.49–0.55); EV/HE 0.52 (0.43–0.58); EV/WF 0.52 (0.43–0.58); WF/HE 1.00 (0.95–1.03); WH/WF 1.79 (1.77–1.85); OOL/WOT 1.15 (1.13–1.33); DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.96 (1.83–1.97); HFL/HFW 2.17 (2.16–2.31); A3 L/ W 1.30 (1.11–1.33); 2R1 L/ W 3.14. N = 13.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, and South Australia. Widespread across the southeast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In smaller specimens where the mandibles are partly opened, the size and shape of the clypeus may not be as clearly observed. However, the peculiar dorsal ridge (somewhat broad, flat or broadly convex, and shiny) is very distinctive. The apex of Rs is somewhat variable; in most specimens it clearly reaches the wing margin, but sometimes is weakly pigmented distally, and in one specimen clearly ends short, with the poststigmal abscissa of R1 also absent. The last is part of a series of specimens collected together and sequenced, and all are identical in DNA. In one of the Queensland specimens cell 1M is unusually small and narrow, but the other collected with it is normal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D51CFE8AFDA7AFFFFC9F286C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D519FE88FD41AA16FB362911.text	03B687A0D519FE88FD41AA16FB362911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola pumila Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola pumila sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D79345A7-BB33-4002-8E52-538AEB9C410B</p><p>Figs 165, 190</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the large complex of species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and head compressed. Separated from similar species by the elongate vertex and gena setae, strongly compressed head (DH/LH ~0.48), carinate occipital margin, and sparsely setose basal wing cells.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ pumilis ’, ‘small’, referring to the diminutive size.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.45/lat -11.65)">Cockatoo Creek</a>; 11°39′ S, 142°27′ E; 20 Apr.–20 May 1994; P. Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC 32-154871.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.01666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.01666/lat -17.35)">Bramston Beach</a>; 17°21′ S, 146°01′ E; 14 Dec. 1991; C.J. Burwell leg.; ex ethanol; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished, smooth, shining; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view slightly convex; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture shining and faintly reticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible orange. Procoxa and femur yellow except dorsal margin of femur, meso- and metafemora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.01 mm; LM 0.59 mm; WH/LH 0.80; DH/LH 0.45; EV/HE 0.71; EV/WF 0.68; WF/HE 1.04; WH/WF 1.70; OOL/WOT 1.30; DM/LM 0.31; FL/FW 1.83; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 0.75; 2R1 L/ W 3.09.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two specimens collected in the Cairns and Cape York regions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D519FE88FD41AA16FB362911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D51BFE86FD5DABDDFB9C2911.text	03B687A0D51BFE86FD5DABDDFB9C2911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola reburra Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola reburra sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 88873A82-4C6E-4EB7-9485-1641C9FD2882</p><p>Figs 163, 166</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, dense frons punctation, and the basal wing cells very densely setose. Close to S. vulsa sp. nov. in having the long setae yellow-brown rather than black; joined with S. dolichotrhix sp. nov. in having the head narrow and a sharp, thin, laminate clypeal carina, continuous from the anterior to dorsal surface between the antennal sockets, distinguished by the black mandible and metasomal T4–6 with faint but distinct dorsal microreticulation.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ reburrus ’, ‘bristling’, referring to the long setae of the head.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; Arno Bay; elev. 20 m; 9–19 Jan. 2019; J.L. Holder leg.; MABJH2, sand dune, small bowl shaped area, lots of flowering shrubs and some Eucalyptus and Acacia plants near by, tied to dead tree near thorn bush; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process triangular, apex pointed; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face; in profile strongly arched, vertical or slightly recurved at apex, carina extending above antennal sockets. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 with faint microsculpture dorsally. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum evenly pilose, with dense short erect setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.45 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.82; DH/LH 0.53; EV/HE 0.47; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 0.95; WH/WF 1.74; OOL/WOT 1.00; DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.82; HFL/HFW 1.86; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.79.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype, collected on the Eyre Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D51BFE86FD5DABDDFB9C2911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D515FE84FD5CABDDFBA02911.text	03B687A0D515FE84FD5CABDDFBA02911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola redacta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola redacta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B8F83255-FEED-4FFC-A95D-0E19A9A7D5DC</p><p>Figs 163, 167</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Easily separated from nearly all other Sierola by the elongate trapezoidal clypeus, which is narrowly truncate apically and strongly convex dorsally. Closest to S. proboscidis sp. nov., distinguished by the broader clypeus which is weakly curved in profile; narrower head, with OOL/WOT much greater (1.60– 1.90 vs 1.00–1.30); short vertex and gena setae; and densely setose basal wing cells.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ redactus ’, ‘shortened’, referring to the truncate clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 14 km S of Bronte Park; 42°15′ S, 146°29′ E; 15 Jan.–3 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise / ethanol; ANIC 32-154872.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.25/lat -42.9)">Shoobridge Bend</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.25/lat -42.9)">Mt Wellington</a>; 42°54′ S, 147°15′ E; 5 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process elongate trapezoidal, apex truncate; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1–2 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous to finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye flat, with a broad area of distinct tesselate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma brownish. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.02 mm; LM 0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.80; DH/LH 0.47; EV/HE 0.74; EV/WF 0.64; WF/HE 1.15; WH/WF 1.69; OOL/WOT 1.75; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 2.08; HFL/HFW 2.30; A3 L/ W 1.06; 2R1 L/ W 2.84.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from two specimens taken in the southern half of the island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D515FE84FD5CABDDFBA02911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D517FE82FD5DABDDFC242AA9.text	03B687A0D517FE82FD5DABDDFC242AA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola regulus Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola regulus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C406842A-0FB6-4EF9-800F-4B1F3DCD1CE0</p><p>Figs 163, 168</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally, basal wing cells setose, and mandible black, easily recognized by the combination of cell 2R1 open (vein Rs not reaching the wing margin) and ocellar triangle strongly obtuse. Closest to S. gingera sp. nov., sharing the ocellar triangle, but differing in having the vertex and gena setae are not so strong and in the wing venation. Also similar to S. crinita sp. nov., differing in the elongate vertex and gena setae, broader head, and ocellar triangle.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ regulus ’, ‘diminutive of king’, from the collection of the unique type on the small King Island.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; King Is., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">Pegarah Nature Reserve</a>; 39.9441° S, 143.9905° E; 19 Nov.–16 Dec. 2023; S.J. Grove, L. Cambra and M. Beattie leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F180575.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view distinctly elbowed externally, internal margin nearly straight. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle present posteriorly, not prominent, head relatively flat. Side of head posterior to eye convex, with a broad area of colliculate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S4–6 each with a pair of long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown to black. Mandible black. Legs all dark brown to black.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.99 mm; LM 0.98 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.56; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 1.13; WH/WF 1.64; OOL/WOT 1.00; DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 1.96; HFL/HFW 2.13; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 3.20.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype, collected on King Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D517FE82FD5DABDDFC242AA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D511FE80FD41AB55FD8029C3.text	03B687A0D511FE80FD41AB55FD8029C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola remota Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola remota sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1F9C8388-0DCF-45FE-BC2B-24D1F863A88D</p><p>Figs 163, 169</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Distinguished by the combination of the head moderately deep (DH/LH ~0.55) and convex dorsally; mandible narrow, parallel-sided, strongly convex outwardly, and black to reddish brown; ocellar triangle strongly acute; and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to S. bidawal sp. nov., but the clypeus is distinctly curved in profile and dorsally smoothly convex, not carinate or angulate, the mandible is very different, and the head much more convex ventrally.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the type locality in the southwest of Tasmania, accessible only by boat or a long foot journey.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-43.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.13333/lat -43.366665)">Claytons</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-43.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.13333/lat -43.366665)">Bathurst Harbor</a>; 43°22′ S, 146°08′ E; 3 Dec. 1990 – 15 Jan. 1991; Nielsen and Edwards leg.; Malaise trap; ANIC 32-154873.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; 4 km SE of Weldsborough; 41°14′ S, 147°56′ E; 13 Jan.–7 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise / ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.576&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.479" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.576/lat -42.479)">Woodsdale</a>; 42.479° S, 147.576° E; 8 Oct. 1986; R. Bashford leg.; Malaise trap; TMAG F151430 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining near apex, remainder coriaceous; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded, or head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with moderately dense setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black to reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, all tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.93 mm; LM 0.95 mm (0.94–1.00); WH/LH 0.79 (0.76–0.79); DH/LH 0.55 (0.53–0.55); EV/HE 0.74 (0.74–0.82); EV/WF 0.71 (0.71–0.78); WF/HE 1.04 (1.00–1.08); WH/WF 1.77 (1.73–1.80); OOL/WOT 1.48 (1.42–1.50); DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.83 (1.83–1.93); HFL/HFW 2.57 (2.48–2.57); A3 L/ W 1.60 (1.48–1.60); 2R1 L/ W 3.00. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from three widely separated specimens, one each from the northeast, east-central, and southwest areas.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The Woodsdale paratype has the mandible distinctly reddish brown, rather than black as in the other two specimens, but is otherwise identical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D511FE80FD41AB55FD8029C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D513FE9EFDA2AB8FFBE32FDF.text	03B687A0D513FE9EFDA2AB8FFBE32FDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola rotundiceps Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola rotundiceps sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A2F6D57D-E7C9-466C-9A9F-48A22FAABDEC</p><p>Figs 159, 170</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Distinguished from most other species by having the head both broad and deep, strongly convex dorsally and ventrally. Closest to S. elasson sp. nov. and S. stilboparia sp. nov.; separated from the former by having the head broadly convex ventrally and lacking the median propodeal carina, from the latter by the deeper head (DH/LH 0.62–0.64), and from both by the strongly acute ocellar triangle, narrow metafemur, and entirely coriaceous gena.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the strongly rounded head, in both dorsal and lateral view.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; Ballarat; emerged 29 Oct. 1980; B.J. Iles leg.; ex Narycia [= Lepidoscia] cataphracta; ANIC 32-154874.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.4/lat -30.5)">Toms Cabin</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.4/lat -30.5)">New England National Park</a>; 30°30′ S, 152°24′ E; 2–15 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise trap / ethanol; ANIC . – Victoria • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical or very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae dark brown, trochanters, tarsi, and bands at bases and apices of tibiae orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.40 mm; LM 1.19 mm (0.97–1.19); WH/LH 0.95 (0.92–0.95); DH/LH 0.64 (0.62–0.64); EV/HE 0.49 (0.49–0.57); EV/WF 0.47 (0.47–0.58); WF/HE 1.04 (0.95–1.04); WH/WF 1.84 (1.82–1.86); OOL/WOT 1.42 (1.40–1.42); DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 2.00 (2.00–2.10); HFL/HFW 2.69 (2.69–2.82); A3 L/ W 1.51 (1.50–1.51); 2R1 L/ W 2.73. N = 4.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Moderately convex dorsally. Color . Antenna yellow on scape and basal half of flagellum, apical half brown. Mandible yellow.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.79–1.86 mm; LM 0.89–0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.92–0.98; DH/LH 0.59–0.65; EV/ HE 0.51–0.55; EV/WF 0.51–0.55; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.85; OOL/WOT 1.19–1.24; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.26–2.33; HFL/HFW 2.89–2.90; A3 L/ W 1.50 –1.57; 2R1 L/ W 2.56 –2.58.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales and Victoria; known from two collections.</p><p>Ecology</p><p>The type series was reared from Lepidoscia cataphracta (Meyrick, 1893) ( Psychidae Boisduval, 1828), a case-making moth that feeds on lichens (Zborowski &amp; Edwards 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D513FE9EFDA2AB8FFBE32FDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D50DFE9CFD5AAD83FD312ED1.text	03B687A0D50DFE9CFD5AAD83FD312ED1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola samiata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola samiata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B4CB7A60-78C4-4F42-BDC4-F0874AC6C271</p><p>Figs 159, 171</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a species complex with S. koala sp. nov. and S. platyrhyncha sp. nov., characterized by the broad, flat clypeus which is curved in profile, highly polished, and largely impunctate; head broad and compressed; and vertex concave in dorsal view. Separated from the former by having the basal wing cells nearly glabrous rather than sparsely setose, frons scarcely broader than an eye length, ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse, and propodeum with a broad polished strip; and from the latter by the reddish brown to orange mandible and slightly deeper head.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ samiatus ’, ‘polished’, referring to the strongly shining clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.56667/lat -26.866667)">near Westcott Plain</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.56667/lat -26.866667)">Bunya Mts National Park</a>; 26°52′ S, 151°34′ E; 6–7 Oct. 1984; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise / ethanol; ANIC 32-154875.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Boggomoss <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.13333/lat -25.483334)">30 via Taroom</a>; 25°29′ S, 150°08′ E; 14 Nov. 1996 – Jan. 1997; D. Cook and G. Monteith leg.; baited flight intercept 057; QM T33421 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.56168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.851112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.56168/lat -26.851112)">Bunya Mts National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.56168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.851112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.56168/lat -26.851112)">Cherry Plain Picnic Area</a>; 26°51′04″ S, 151°33′42″ E; 18–19 Dec. 2002; J. Munro leg.; YPT [yellow pan trap]; UCRC 126809 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process somewhat elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex rounded; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible strongly oblique, with ventral tooth relatively large, second moderate, two dorsal teeth tiny. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave; occipital margin carinate. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle present posteriorly, not prominent, head relatively flat. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression broad, shallow, V-shaped. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.55 mm; LM 0.89 mm (0.72–0.94); WH/LH 0.99 (0.97–0.99); DH/LH 0.49 (0.45–0.51); EV/HE 0.39 (0.36–0.39); EV/WF 0.37 (0.36–0.37); WF/HE 1.05 (1.00–1.05); WH/WF 1.84 (1.81–1.88); OOL/WOT 0.85 (0.83–1.02); DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 1.91 (1.79–1.91); HFL/HFW 2.10 (2.10–2.23); A3 L/ W 1.30 (1.23–1.30); 2R1 L/ W 3.00. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from three specimens taken in the southeast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. platyrhyncha sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D50DFE9CFD5AAD83FD312ED1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D50FFE9AFD53AC92FC8D2E40.text	03B687A0D50FFE9AFD53AC92FC8D2E40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola sarculata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola sarculata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5FD18322-0D0C-47F6-B716-3E64DFFD6CDA</p><p>Figs 159, 172</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very distinctive species, with a very broad, flat clypeus, deep head which is strongly convex dorsally and angulate ventrally, twisted mandible, and densely setose basal wing cells. The unusual slightly upturned clypeal apex is shared with S. nasuta sp. nov., but they differ in most other respects.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ sarculum ’, ‘hoe’, referring to the resemblance of the enlarged, flattened clypeus to the gardening implement.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.83333/lat -35.366665)">Blundells Creek</a>; 35°22′ S, 148°50′ E; Feb. 1987; D.H. Colless leg.; ANIC 32-154876.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process broad, elongate, semicircular at the apex, apex broadly rounded; dorsally flat, margins sharp; in profile straight, slightly upturned at apex. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; slightly bent ventrad and twisted, outwardly polished, smooth, shining; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with three subequal apical teeth and one small preapical ventral tooth. Malar space 1/2 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart (sparser posterior of eyes). Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining, coarsely reticulate and dull laterally between eyes and vertex. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle very strongly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible concave in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, reticulate ventrally and along posterior eye margin. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina distinct; transverse carina present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, those on S5–6 about twice as long as preceding. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.24 mm; LM 1.23 mm; WH/LH 0.81; DH/LH 0.55; EV/HE 0.69; EV/WF 0.52; WF/HE 1.38; WH/WF 1.58; OOL/WOT 1.84; DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 1.94; HFL/HFW 2.13; A3 L/ W 0.91; 2R1 L/ W 2.26.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australian Capital Territory; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D50FFE9AFD53AC92FC8D2E40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D509FE98FDBFAC02FBCC2FF0.text	03B687A0D509FE98FDBFAC02FBCC2FF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola scaphogenia Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola scaphogenia sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD756E2D-FE67-4E68-A8B6-BE8BA1A27FB9</p><p>Figs 153, 173</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very distinctive species, immediately recognizable by the shape of the head in lateral view, with the venter posterior of the mouthparts strongly concave. The frons microsculpture is also unusual, colliculate anteriorly changing to coriaceous posterior of the eyes, obscuring the punctation.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ skaphe ’, ‘hollowed’, + ‘ geneion ’, ‘chin’, referring to the shape of the venter of the head. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.616665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.48333/lat -33.616665)">Ludlow</a>; 33°37′ S, 115°29′ E; 2 Nov.–23 Dec. 1981; S.J. Curry leg.; Malaise / Tuart forest; ANIC 32-154877.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, more or less parallel-sided but slightly broader medially than at base or apex; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view distinctly elbowed externally, internal margin nearly straight. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons appearing impunctate (setae arising from shallow pits that are only visible at low angles). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture minutely colliculate between eyes, coriaceous posteriorly. Vertex in dorsal view slightly sinuate around ocellar triangle; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible very strongly concave in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle prominent, pointing slightly anteriorly. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and apex brown, middle flagellomeres brown dorsally and orange ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.68 mm; LM 0.89 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.58; EV/HE 0.55; EV/WF 0.52; WF/HE 1.05; WH/WF 1.83; OOL/WOT 1.49; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 1.93; HFL/HFW 2.21; A3 L/ W 1.43; 2R1 L/ W 2.33.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype taken in the far southwest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D509FE98FDBFAC02FBCC2FF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D50BFE96FD5FADF2FB9B28C3.text	03B687A0D50BFE96FD5FADF2FB9B28C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola scutula Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola scutula sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B64FC83F-C96D-4F4A-BF14-B7DE56F08505</p><p>Figs 153, 174</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with a strongly compressed body and flat head, separated from the compressa group by the relatively long, narrow, quadrate head. Closest to S. antipoda, distinguished by the sparsely setose basal wing cells and moderately narrow, parallel-sided mandible, smooth frons microsculpture, and head longer posterior of the eyes.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ scutula ’, ‘lozenge’, referring to the shape of the head. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; 22 km N of Eneabba; 29°38′ S, 115°14′ E; 13 Jun. 1995; L.S. and R.B. Kimsey leg.; ex Eucalyptus; UCDC 10108.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical to very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow to moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae nearly absent, visible only beyond propodeal declivity. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.38 mm; LM 0.70 mm; WH/LH 0.71; DH/LH 0.37; EV/HE 1.11; EV/WF 1.08; WF/HE 1.02; WH/WF 1.75; OOL/WOT 1.49; DM/LM 0.25; FL/FW 2.24; HFL/HFW 2.17; A3 L/ W 0.87; 2R1 L/ W 2.83.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected near the west coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D50BFE96FD5FADF2FB9B28C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D505FE94FDA0AA8CFEFA2846.text	03B687A0D505FE94FDA0AA8CFEFA2846.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola setosipennis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola setosipennis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1803DA57-6F4C-462A-8429-BA776A29C164</p><p>Figs 159, 175</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose; belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse and head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to S. trachycephala sp. nov. in having the mandible weakly convex outwardly and basal wing cells densely setose; separated by having the clypeus evenly curved in profile and legs all yellow. The head is also slightly convex dorsally and ventrally, not narrowing anteriorly in lateral view as is typical in this group.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ saetosus ’, ‘bristly’, + ‘ penna ’, ‘wing’, referring to the very dense setation of the basal wing cells.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; near Pomona; 27 Oct. 1965; E.M. Exley leg.; Tristania suaveolens; QM T262172.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad to moderately narrow, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly coriaceous. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a sparse apical row of setae and a few additional erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna bright yellow. Mandible black. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.03 mm; LM 1.07 mm; WH/LH 0.95; DH/LH 0.43; EV/HE 0.72; EV/WF 0.63; WF/HE 1.13; WH/WF 1.74; OOL/WOT 1.63; DM/LM 0.28; FL/FW 2.07; HFL/HFW 2.16; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.57.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in the southeast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Based on the more parallel-sided head this species may be more closely related to the megacephala group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D505FE94FDA0AA8CFEFA2846	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D507FE92FD74AA08FC1C299F.text	03B687A0D507FE92FD74AA08FC1C299F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola sila Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola sila sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 93D0D8FE-17F7-4F07-BFBF-639B21948211</p><p>Figs 159, 176</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head moderately broad and more or less flat dorsally and ventrally, unusual in having the clypeus very short and completely flat, without a trace of a carina. Closest to S. stipulata sp. nov., separated by the lack of a clypeal carina, nearly glabrous basal wing cells, and much smaller size.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ silus ’, ‘snub-nosed’, referring to the short, blunt clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.5/lat -34.316666)">Brookfield Conservation Park</a>; 34°19′ S, 139°30′ E; 2 Dec. 1991 – 2 Jan. 1992; J. Stelman and S. Williams leg.; Malaise #1 mallee with Triodia; ANIC 32-154878.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • 1 ♀; Vivionne Bay, Kangaroo Is .; 1926; Mus. Exp. 2; SAMA 32- 42936 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded or truncate; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile very short, nearly straight. Mandible broad, not narrowed from base, ventral margin nearly straight; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view strongly elbowed. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with very faint microreticulation over posterior terga. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.33 mm; LM 0.66 mm; WH/LH 0.86; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 1.03; EV/WF 0.86; WF/HE 1.20; WH/WF 1.72; OOL/WOT 2.00; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.38; HFL/HFW 2.33; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 1.88.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known from two collections.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The relationships of this species are unknown; it is probably more closely related to S. limitata sp. nov. than the megacephala group, but the flat clypeus is unusual for either.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D507FE92FD74AA08FC1C299F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D501FE90FD5CAA40FC032F12.text	03B687A0D501FE90FD5CAA40FC032F12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola sinuata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola sinuata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 06698D9D-0070-4182-AD6B-9BA19DFE849D</p><p>Figs 177, 179</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The unusual sinuate mandible (bent mesally near the base to form an outward concavity, apical half convex and swollen immediately) distinguish this species together with its sister species S. corynognatha sp. nov. Distinguished from the latter by the absence of modified sculpture on the frons, head dorsally not so strongly convex, lateral ocelli distinctly separate from the vertex crest, coxae and femora dark brown to black, and in the head dimensions.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ sinuo ’, ‘bending’, referring to the mandibles.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; 12 [km?] NW of Adaminaby; 8 Nov. 1961; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC 32-154879.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; The Creel, Kosciusko; 8 Nov. 1961; E.F. Riek leg.; ANIC . – Tasmania • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.83333/lat -42.116665)">Cardigan River</a>, 23 km E by S of Queenstown; 42°07′ S, 145°50′ E; 10 Dec. 1981; I.D. Naumann leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 5 km NW of Mt Mueller; 42°46′ S, 146°25′ E; 11 Dec. 1981; I.D. Naumann leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 6 km W of Miena; 41°59′ S, 146°39′ E; 20 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 9 km WSW of Derwent Bridge; 42°10′ S, 146°08′ E; 21 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 18 km SW by W of Derwent Bridge; 42°13′ S, 146°02′ E; 22 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.01666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.01666/lat -42.216667)">Franklin River</a>; 42°13′ S, 146°01′ E; 22 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 7 km W by S of Buckland; 42°38′ S, 147°38′ E; 27 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex weakly pointed; dorsally with a sharp carina, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; bent inwards and conspicuously concave externally just past base, apical half outwardly convex and slightly swollen, outwardly coriaceous in median concavity, polished at base, apex somewhat shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view sinuate. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, cell R somewhat densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.49 mm; LM 1.19 mm (0.88–1.19); WH/LH 0.93 (0.86–0.93); DH/LH 0.60 (0.57–0.61); EV/HE 0.64 (0.64–0.79); EV/WF 0.57 (0.57–0.69); WF/HE 1.13 (1.05–1.19); WH/WF 1.70 (1.67–1.76); OOL/WOT 1.53 (1.43–1.63); DM/LM 0.44; FL/FW 2.30 (2.20–2.41); HFL/HFW 2.32 (2.32–2.52); A3 L/ W 1.34 (1.14–1.34); 2R1 L/ W 2.21. N = 9.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania and New South Wales; presumably occurring in Victoria and Australian Capital Territory as well. Known from a number of locations, mostly at higher elevations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D501FE90FD5CAA40FC032F12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D503FEAFFD59ADDCFD362911.text	03B687A0D503FEAFFD59ADDCFD362911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola solitaria Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola solitaria sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4870D880-EEC2-46A6-9C28-4DB226520D80</p><p>Figs 178–179</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the ficicola species group, with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, and frons narrow. Closest to S. marginalis sp. nov. in having nearly glabrous basal wing cells; separated by having the head slightly narrower and deeper (WH/LH 0.74, DH/LH 0.46 vs 0.70 and 0.52 respectively), clypeus evenly sloping in profile, mandible slightly twisted, and lateral ocelli distinctly separated from the vertex crest. The antennae are also long, reaching the posterior pronotal margin, whereas all other members have short antenna.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the holotype being the only specimen of its species taken in an area where S. pelion is abundant.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.05/lat -41.833332)">Pelion Hut</a>, 3 km S of Mt Oakleigh; 41°50′ S, 146°03′ E; 5–9 Apr. 1991; J.A. Berry leg.; ANIC 32-154880.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; Colinsvale, near Hobart; 8 Oct. 1989; U.F. Eastop [?] leg.; sweeping rushes; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view almost evenly sloping, weakly curved. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose to nearly glabrous. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.55 mm; LM 0.78 mm; WH/LH 0.74; DH/LH 0.46; EV/HE 1.07; EV/WF 0.91; WF/HE 1.10; WH/WF 1.71; OOL/WOT 2.21; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.36; HFL/HFW 2.69; A3 L/ W 1.43; 2R1 L/ W 2.81.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from two specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D503FEAFFD59ADDCFD362911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D53CFEADFDACABDDFD51291C.text	03B687A0D53CFEADFDACABDDFD51291C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola specularis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola specularis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1803760E-5269-4362-8293-8E8BCF88A047</p><p>Figs 26, 180</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose; belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse and head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to S. furtiva sp. nov. in having the mandible strongly convex outwardly and basal wing cells sparsely setose; separated by the obtuse ocellar triangle with the lateral ocelli touching the vertex crest, smoother frons microsculpture, and posterior margin of cell 1M distinctly convex with the distal corner rounded.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ specularis ’, ‘mirror’, referring to the near-identity of this species to S. amputator sp. nov. from the opposite side of the continent.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Northern Territory • ♀; Acacia; 25 Aug. 2012; L.J. Cookson leg.; MVMA HYM-86592.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles, or with a sharp carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute or rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture evenly, weakly microreticulate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc slightly concave. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dull yellow. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose or with intermediate setation. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.60 mm; LM 0.93 mm; WH/LH 0.84; DH/LH 0.37; EV/HE 0.80; EV/WF 0.70; WF/HE 1.14; WH/WF 1.70; OOL/WOT 1.39; DM/LM 0.26; FL/FW 1.75; HFL/HFW 1.63; A3 L/ W 0.63; 2R1 L/ W 3.12.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Northern Territory; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The type locality is highly uncertain; “ Acacia ” appears to refer to a locality rather than the plant but no locality by that name alone can be found.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D53CFEADFDACABDDFD51291C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D53EFEABFDB1ABC6FCED2999.text	03B687A0D53EFEABFDB1ABC6FCED2999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola sphenocephala Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola sphenocephala sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 895A79FF-5A45-499A-BFB2-E1AE5DEAE612</p><p>Figs 181, 183</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This is a very distinctive species, with an unusual broad, truncate, dorsally flat, moderate-length clypeus combined with a very narrow, somewhat flat head. This combination alone will separate it from all others. The propodeum is also unique in being elongate and narrow, over 0.4× the length of the entire mesosoma, with a distinct transverse carina and the disc slightly longer than the basal width (much narrower than the width at the transverse carina). Typically the propodeum is about a third of the mesosoma length; in the few species where it is longer, it is much wider than the length to the declivity, and the transverse carina is usually absent. The profemur is also among the most narrow in the genus.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ sphen ’, ‘wedge’, + ‘ kephalon ’, ‘head’, referring to the shape of the clypeus and head and its probable function.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • ♀; Warrumbungles National Park, via Coonabarabran; 17 Dec. 1974; I. Naumann leg.; sweeping grass by creek; dry sclerophyll forest; QM T262173.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process short, broad, transverse, rounded laterally, apex truncate; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile evenly sloping, dorsal margin nearly straight or slightly concave. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 2/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons punctation obscured by microsculpture. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture minutely colliculate between eyes, coriaceous posteriorly. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly to weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex, with a broad area of colliculate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae short, inconspicuous. Propodeum elongate, longer than wide and nearly as long as remainder of mesosoma. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and apex brown, middle flagellomeres brown dorsally and orange ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M elongate triangular, posterodistal corner extended into a point. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.77 mm; LM 1.07 mm; WH/LH 0.75; DH/LH 0.47; EV/HE 0.68; EV/WF 0.62; WF/HE 1.11; WH/WF 1.54; OOL/WOT 1.55; DM/LM 0.30; FL/FW 2.60; HFL/HFW 2.78; A3 L/ W 1.43; 2R1 L/ W 3.60.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales; known only from one collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D53EFEABFDB1ABC6FCED2999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D538FEA9FD51AA45FDCF28D0.text	03B687A0D538FEA9FD51AA45FDCF28D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola splendida Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola splendida sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 847C4523-EEB1-42E9-AD10-0246918372A3</p><p>Figs 182–183</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the species cluster with the clypeus evenly convex dorsally without any carina or ridge, frons shining with smooth reticulation, and head broad. Separated from S. mucronervis sp. nov. and other similar species by having the head not quite as wide as long, mandible black, and cell R of the fore wing with a distinct distal cluster of setae.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ splendidus ’, ‘lustrous’ or ‘glorious’, referring to both the polished head and the type locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Mt Glorious; 22 Jun.–18 Oct. 1982; A. Hiller leg.; Malaise trap, “R.F.”; QM T262174.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.98334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.98334/lat -24.916666)">Hurdle Gully</a>, 14.8 km WSW of Monto; 24°55′ S, 150°59′ E; elev. 460 m; 20 Dec. 1997 – 26 Apr. 1998; G. Monteith leg.; open forest pitfall trap; QM . – Victoria • 1 ♀; Barbara Baehr’s pitfall 8 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=141.29726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.124443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 141.29726/lat -34.124443)">Ned’s Corner Bush Blitz</a>; 34°07′28″ S, 141°17′50.1″ E; 23–29 Nov. 2011; B. Baehr leg.; BBNC 716, pitfall trap; MVMA HYM-61042 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin narrowly carinate posterior of ocelli, becoming broadly rounded laterally. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible concave in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture mostly even, small area of colliculate sculpture along ventral eye margin. Postgenal depression deep, distinct, broad. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S4–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, those on S6 twice as long as others. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing mostly glabrous, cell R densely setose apically. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.70 mm; LM 0.92 mm (0.92–0.98); WH/LH 0.95 (0.94–0.97); DH/LH 0.53 (0.51–0.53); EV/HE 0.44 (0.43–0.44); EV/WF 0.42 (0.42–0.43); WF/HE 1.05 (1.02–1.05); WH/WF 1.73 (1.73–1.81); OOL/WOT 1.09 (1.02–1.09); DM/LM 0.37; FL/FW 1.89 (1.78–1.89); HFL/HFW 2.33 (2.25–2.33); A3 L/ W 1.18 (1.18–1.30); 2R1 L/ W 2.69. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland and Victoria; known from three specimens.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The Victoria specimen was collected far away from and in much drier habitat than the Queensland ones, but matches them in all respects.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D538FEA9FD51AA45FDCF28D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D535FEA4FDA1A85DFDAA2ACB.text	03B687A0D535FEA4FDA1A85DFDAA2ACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola stenognatha Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola stenognatha sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BA6B7DF5-0A22-4799-9D59-99648838C5F2</p><p>Figs 179, 184</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Unique in the Australian fauna in having the mandible very narrow and slightly bent ventrad near the middle. The mandible is orange-brown, clypeus convex dorsally with no trace of a carina, and vertex and gena setae elongate and conspicuous. Closest to some Hawaii species such as S. kumumu Magnacca, 2020 of Oahu, differing in the form of the clypeus and other respects.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ steno ’, ‘narrow’, + ‘ gnathos ’, ‘jaw’, referring to the unusually thin mandibles. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 1 km SSE of Gladstone; 40°58′ S, 148°01′ E; 29 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154881.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">CSIRO</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">behind CSIRO</a>; 35.275° S, 149.1109° E; elev. 590 m; 2 Apr. 2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V. Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones and J. Webb leg.; BOLD: process ID MCCAA8851-20, BIN AED4305; ANIC . – Tasmania • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible very narrow, including at base; slightly bent ventrad near middle, outwardly polished, smooth, shining; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with small, indistinct teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture shining and faintly reticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible reddish brown to orange. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing with intermediate setation, or densely setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.36 mm; LM 0.73 mm (0.73–0.80); WH/LH 0.86 (0.86–0.88); DH/LH 0.50 (0.50–0.54); EV/HE 0.53 (0.45–0.53); EV/WF 0.53 (0.44–0.54); WF/HE 1.00 (0.94–1.03); WH/WF 1.78 (1.76–1.88); OOL/WOT 1.00 (1.00–1.05); DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 2.05 (1.91–2.05); HFL/HFW 2.00 (1.96–2.22); A3 L/ W 1.15 (1.00–1.25); 2R1 L/ W 2.94. N = 4.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory; known from two collections.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The Canberra specimen differs in having the vertex setae elongate but not as conspicuous, occipital margin broadly rounded, ocellar triangle more strongly obtuse, basal wing cells slightly more densely setose, and eye setae short. It may represent a distinct cryptic species, but these differences do not seem sufficient to separate it at this time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D535FEA4FDA1A85DFDAA2ACB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D537FEA2FD54A8B7FC6F2A21.text	03B687A0D537FEA2FD54A8B7FC6F2A21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola stichtops Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola stichtops sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1E5A8A33-163C-417A-AFB8-62B5BDFCCB3F</p><p>Figs 179, 185</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A unique species, immediately recognizable by the deep, close, even punctures of the lower frons, abruptly changing to normal, sparser punctation posterior of the middle of the eye. The head is also very densely setose ventrally, with longer setae posteriorly.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ stichtos ’, ‘punctured’, + ‘ ops ’, ‘face’, referring to the unusual deep, dense punctures of the lower frons. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 10 km ENE of Nunamara; 41°22′ S, 147°24′ E; 12 Jan.–6 Feb. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise / ethanol; ANIC 32-154882.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally with a sharp or rounded carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining near apex, remainder coriaceous; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/3 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head very short on anterior half, longer than flagellar width posterior of middle of inner eye margin. Frons with dense, deep punctures between antennae and midpoint of eyes, less than 1 pit width apart, abruptly sparser posteriorly, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view slightly sinuate around ocellar triangle; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, convex around ocellar triangle, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, covered with dense pubescence, with longer setae along posterior margin. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head, ventrally densely punctate. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Legs all brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.57 mm; LM 0.79 mm; WH/LH 0.92; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.52; EV/WF 0.52; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 0.88; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.36; A3 L/ W 1.25; 2R1 L/ W 2.71.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from two specimens collected together.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D537FEA2FD54A8B7FC6F2A21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D531FEA0FDABA82DFD732A22.text	03B687A0D531FEA0FDABA82DFD732A22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola stilboparia Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola stilboparia sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F5DC72E6-A430-42D8-A87D-23FC28C2C40C</p><p>Figs 179, 186</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Distinguished from most other species by having the head both broad and deep, strongly convex dorsally and ventrally. Closest to S. elasson sp. nov., united in having the frons coriaceous, head not quite as wide as long, moderately broad metafemur, and gena with a distinctive smooth polished area between the eye and a band of coarsely tesselate ventral sculpture. Differing in having the vertex crest slightly but distinctly emarginate between the ocelli, head ventrally evenly convex, and lacking a median carina or anterior raised triangular area on the propodeum.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ stilbo ’, ‘shine’, + ‘ pareion ’, ‘cheek’, referring to the highly polished gena. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.5725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.4035" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.5725/lat -37.4035)">Macedon State Forest</a>; 37.4035° S, 144.5725° E; 14 Dec. 2019; K. Magnacca leg.; sweeping Acacia; ANIC 32-154883.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view shallowly emarginate between ocelli, otherwise straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, finely microreticulate ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum evenly pilose, with dense short erect setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae yellow tinged with brown, tarsi and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.08 mm; LM 1.08 mm; WH/LH 0.92; DH/LH 0.60; EV/HE 0.43; EV/WF 0.48; WF/HE 0.89; WH/WF 1.98; OOL/WOT 0.93; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.07; HFL/HFW 2.36; A3 L/ W 1.43; 2R1 L/ W 2.57.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>See Remarks under S. elasson sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D531FEA0FDABA82DFD732A22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D533FEA1FD57A82DFD5A28C2.text	03B687A0D533FEA1FD57A82DFD5A28C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola stipulata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola stipulata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DB7F8649-D7E8-4FAD-900E-04760680E123</p><p>Figs 179, 187</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the megacephala group, with the head large and flat dorsally and ventrally, frons very broad, clypeus short with a low carina, and ocelli well removed from the vertex crest. Closely related to S. leeuwinensis and S. stipulata sp. nov. with the femora dark, head posterior of the eyes convex, and ocelli separated from the vertex by 2–3 ocellus lengths. Separated from all other similar species by the short, dense ventral setae of the head. The sympatric S. disjuncta sp. nov. is similar but lacks the ventral head setae and has the ocelli close to the vertex.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ stipula ’, ‘stubble’, referring to the short, dense ventral setae of the head.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 9 km WSW of Derwent Bridge; 42°10′ S, 146°08′ E; 21 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154884.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded to truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; slightly twisted, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, completely covered with short, dense setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete.</p><p>Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.37 mm; LM 1.13 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.49; EV/HE 1.34; EV/WF 0.95; WF/HE 1.41; WH/WF 1.60; OOL/WOT 2.06; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.43; HFL/HFW 2.48; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 2.43.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D533FEA1FD57A82DFD5A28C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D52DFEBCFD5DA85DFEDF2A04.text	03B687A0D52DFEBCFD5DA85DFEDF2A04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola strigula Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola strigula sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 27B3FCCF-8C21-4697-94B6-3A59BEA4D9B3</p><p>Figs 179, 188</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Forming a distinctive species pair with S. ancognatha sp. nov., sharing the strongly convex dorsum of the head, strongly elbowed mandible with a large ventral tooth, strongly acute clypeus in profile, and nearly glabrous basal wing cells. Separated by the nearly parallel-sided mandible which is only slightly twisted, head slightly angulate ventrally rather than evenly convex, and unusual frons microsculpture, scutellate with large cells anteriorly and minutely scutellate posteriorly, obscuring the punctation.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ strigula ’, ‘small ridge’, referring to the low carina of the clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 1 km SSE of Gladstone; 40°58′ S, 148°01′ E; 29 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154885.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.85/lat -35.316666)">Wombat Creek</a>, 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus; 35°19′ S, 148°51′ E; elev. 750 m; May 1984; Weir, Lawrence and Johnson leg.; flight intercept window / trough trap; ANIC . – Tasmania • 1 ♀; 1 km E by N of Herrick; 41°06′ S, 147°53′ E; 29–30 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex rounded; dorsally flat, with a trace of a low carina; in profile elongate, evenly curved, apex acute. Mandible narrow, slightly broadened at base and apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons appearing impunctate (setae arising from shallow pits that are only visible at low angles). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture smoothly scutellate anteriorly, becoming colliculate from posterior third of eyes. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle broadly rounded. Side of head posterior to eye flat, with a broad area of distinct tesselate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina faintly present; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.49 mm; LM 0.83 mm (0.82–0.86); WH/LH 0.82 (0.81–0.83); DH/LH 0.57 (0.55–0.57); EV/HE 0.51 (0.48–0.51); EV/WF 0.57 (0.54–0.60); WF/HE 0.89 (0.83–0.89); WH/WF 1.84 (1.84–1.87); OOL/WOT 1.32 (1.32–1.49); DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.88 (1.88–1.96); HFL/HFW 2.53 (2.43–2.58); A3 L/ W 1.30 (1.30–1.40); 2R1 L/ W 2.73. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory; probably also found in New South Wales and Victoria. Known from three specimens.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The ACT specimen has OOL/WOT distinctly greater than the two from Tasmania, but is otherwise identical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D52DFEBCFD5DA85DFEDF2A04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D52FFEBAFDBDA8CEFD392DBB.text	03B687A0D52FFEBAFDBDA8CEFD392DBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola subcontracta Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola subcontracta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D7CBCEB1-0CE4-427B-9D31-F2CBF2694B28</p><p>Figs 189–190</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. United with S. confecta sp. nov., S. contracta sp. nov., S. parallela sp. nov., S. paracontracta sp. nov., and S. pericontracta sp. nov. in having the scrobal carinae converging but not fused, clypeus dorsally a flat-topped ridge, and vein Rs ending short of the anterior wing margin. Separated from the others by lacking any trace of a carina on the anterior frons which is slightly concave in lateral view, mandible yellowish apically, and fore wing with a transverse band of infuscation between the parastigma and apex of Rs.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the similarity of this species to S. contracta sp. nov.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Hwy 1 Sarina–St Lawrence; 31 Aug. 1986; E.A. Sugden leg.; [car net?]; UCDC.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process trapezoidal, apex truncate; dorsally with a narrow flat-topped ridge, becoming rounded toward apex; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with relatively regular, moderately close punctures, 1–2 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina faintly present; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga, apical tergites punctate laterally. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible apical third yellow, grading to black at base. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, protibia and tarsus and all trochanters yellow, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi brownish.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane with a transverse band of faint infuscation between stigma and apex of Rs. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.85 mm; LM 1.03 mm; WH/LH 0.90; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.30; EV/WF 0.37; WF/HE 0.80; WH/WF 1.90; OOL/WOT 0.81; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 1.66; HFL/HFW 2.21; A3 L/ W 1.23; 2R1 L/ W 3.17.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected on the central coast.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The infuscate band of the wing is so far unique in the genus; all other species have the wing evenly colored. In the related S. pericontracta sp. nov. the wing is weakly infuscated and slightly darker in this region, but the contrast is not nearly as clear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D52FFEBAFDBDA8CEFD392DBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D529FEB8FDA7AFA4FC392D3A.text	03B687A0D529FEB8FDA7AFA4FC392D3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola tenuifemur Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola tenuifemur sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2BDA9A9E-9ABF-4C5D-BB0A-0CADBB32B6FF</p><p>Figs 183, 191</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, mandible pale and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest. Distinguished from similar species by the extremely narrow profemur, the most extreme seen in the genus so far. The antenna is also elongate, A3 L/W ≥1.5.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ tenuis ’, ‘thin’, + ‘ femur ’, ‘thigh’, referring to the extremely narrow profemur, the proportionally narrowest known in the genus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Acacia Ridge, Brisbane ; Oct. 1976; E.C. Dahms leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262175.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur narrow, over 2.5 times as long as wide.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae (possibly with erect setae that are broken off on the unique holotype). Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible orange to yellow. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely or sparsely setosey. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.58 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 0.85; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 0.76; EV/WF 0.62; WF/HE 1.23; WH/WF 1.58; OOL/WOT 1.54; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.87; HFL/HFW 2.50; A3 L/ W 1.65; 2R1 L/ W 2.73.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in Brisbane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D529FEB8FDA7AFA4FC392D3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D52BFEB6FD58AF24FABB2E90.text	03B687A0D52BFEB6FD58AF24FABB2E90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola ternaria Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola ternaria sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1DBFF943-1E72-423B-A503-78FBE29BBFB3</p><p>Figs 190, 192</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among species with the head convex dorsally and basal wing cells setose, distinguished by the elongate vertex and gena setae, posterior corners of the head strongly rounded, and semicircular to semi-elliptical clypeus which is weakly carinate dorsally. Closest to S. stilboparia sp. nov., separated by the elongate vertex setae, slightly broader head, and propodeum with an anterior triangular polished area.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ ternarius ’, ‘three’, referring to the three collectors listed for the holotype.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Kirrama Range, Douglas Creek Road; elev. 800 m; 15 Dec. 1986 – 11 Jan. 1987; Monteith, Thompson and Hamlet leg.; intercept trap; ANIC 32-154886.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Cairns dist.; A.M. Lea leg.; SAMA 32-42930 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a rounded carina; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae conspicuous, nearly twice as long as setae of frons and stronger, erect and directed anterior. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, reticulate ventrally and along posterior eye margin. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae elongate, twice as long as flagellar width or more. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/3 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing with intermediate setation, each with two complete rows and a few additional setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.09 mm; LM 1.07 mm; WH/LH 0.88; DH/LH 0.57; EV/HE 0.48; EV/WF 0.48; WF/HE 1.00; WH/WF 1.75; OOL/WOT 1.03; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 1.94; HFL/HFW 2.78; A3 L/ W 1.43; 2R1 L/ W 3.08.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype and one paratype, both collected in northern rainforest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D52BFEB6FD58AF24FABB2E90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D525FEB4FDA7AF52FD5A2D74.text	03B687A0D525FEB4FDA7AF52FD5A2D74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola terpsilithus Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola terpsilithus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1DD24760-AD0B-410C-8828-3064B52CC963</p><p>Figs 193, 195</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A somewhat nondescript species, identifiable by the combination of the head dorsally convex and compressed in lateral view (DH/LH ~0.48), frons not particularly broad, clypeus rounded and recurved apically, and basal wing cells sparsely setose. Closest to S. badiorostris sp. nov., differing in the setose basal wing cells, smooth frons microsculpture, long ventral setae on the metasomal sternites, and brown tinge of the mandible. Also similar to S. helena sp. nov., separated by the narrower, more parallel-sided head (WH/LH 0.79, OOL/WOT 1.39).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ terpsis ’, ‘glad’, + ‘ lithos ’, ‘stone’, a literal translation of the type locality. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; 1 km SSE of Gladstone; 40°58′ S, 148°01′ E; 29 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154887.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular to semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally weakly carinate, or with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture shining and faintly reticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with narrow band of tesselate-scutellate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, those on S5–6 about twice as long as preceding. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black to reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.49 mm; LM 0.82 mm; WH/LH 0.79; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 0.66; EV/WF 0.68; WF/HE 0.97; WH/WF 1.79; OOL/WOT 1.39; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.14; HFL/HFW 2.20; A3 L/ W 1.09; 2R1 L/ W 2.90.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known only from the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D525FEB4FDA7AF52FD5A2D74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D527FEB3FD55AF7EFBB42F57.text	03B687A0D527FEB3FD55AF7EFBB42F57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola terrestris Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola terrestris sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D5076C19-B12A-4F12-A8F6-FA349BD90AAD</p><p>Figs 194–195</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A distinctive species, recognizable by the compact, boxy head, which is deep and about as wide as long (WH/LH 0.99–1.03, DH/LH 0.58–0.61), strongly convex dorsally in lateral view, and short and narrowed posterior of the eyes, thus appearing round in dorsal view. The basal wing cells are nearly glabrous.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named for the collection of the Victoria specimen in a pitfall trap. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">CSIRO property</a>; 35.275° S, 149.1109° E; elev. 588 m; 24–31 Oct. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG53039-B10, process ID MCCAA4748-20, BIN ABX1558; ANIC 32-154888.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 18–24 Oct. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA2662-12, BIN ABX1558; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 31 Oct.–7 Nov. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA482-12, BIN ABW6837 [pseudogene]; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 14–21 Nov. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA1452-12, BIN ABX1558; ANIC . – Victoria • 1 ♀; Tidal River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.32306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.065277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.32306/lat -39.065277)">above Botany Lab</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.32306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.065277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.32306/lat -39.065277)">Wilson’s Promontory Bioscan</a>; 39°03′55″ S, 146°19′23″ E; 19–27 Oct. 2011; S. Hinkley, C. McPhee, P. Honan, M. Mackenzie and M. Patinathan leg.; pitfall trap, WPB 194; MVMA HYM-86616 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular to semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart, or appearing impunctate (setae arising from shallow pits that are only visible at low angles). Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to coriaceous, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex, with a broad area of colliculate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, median area with a broad polished strip extending from base to declivity; transverse carina faintly present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.57 mm; LM 0.86 mm (0.86–0.95); WH/LH 0.99 (0.99–1.03); DH/LH 0.61 (0.58–0.62); EV/HE 0.36 (0.29–0.36); EV/WF 0.41 (0.30–0.41); WF/HE 0.89 (0.89–0.98); WH/WF 1.87 (1.81–1.90); OOL/WOT 0.77 (0.75–0.83); DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 1.90 (1.90–1.97); HFL/HFW 2.20 (2.20–2.45); A3 L/ W 1.52 (1.33–1.52); 2R1 L/ W 2.40. N = 5.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria and Australian Capital Territory; all except the Victoria specimen collected sequentially in the same Malaise trap.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>One of the sequenced specimens from BOLD (sample id BIOUG02164-C01, process id MCCAA482-12) is widely divergent from not only the other S. terrestris sp. nov. sequences but other Sierola in several conserved regions. The amplified sequence is probably a pseudogene (numt).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D527FEB3FD55AF7EFBB42F57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D520FEB1FD8AAD1BFEB12E97.text	03B687A0D520FEB1FD8AAD1BFEB12E97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola thorpei Magnacca 2019	<div><p>Sierola thorpei Magnacca, 2019</p><p>Figs 195–196</p><p>Sierola thorpei Magnacca, 2019: 18, fig. 3.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The extremely short head posterior of the eyes, head about as wide or wider than long, infuscate wings, and generally smooth microsculpture immediately separate this species from all others in the genus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>NEW ZEALAND – Auckland • ♀; Auckland, suburb of Glen Innes, Point England, St John’s; 15 Nov. 2014; S. Thorpe leg.; on Lophostemon confertus; NZAC.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♀; Canberra; 35.3314° S, 149.0582° E; 22 Sep. 2016; A. Wells leg.; in garden; ANIC .</p><p>NEW ZEALAND – Auckland • 1 ♀; Auckland, St John’s, University of Auckland Tamaki campus; 26 Apr. 2016; S. Thorpe leg.; beating Arthropodium cirratum; BPBM .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 1 ♀; Nadgee Reserve, Merrica Hut; 16 Jan. 1987; E.A. Sugden leg.; Malaise trap; UCDC • 1 ♀; Illawarra; H. Petersen leg.; NMNH . – Victoria • 1 ♀; Warrandyte; 31 Dec. 1993; L.J. Cookson leg.; MVMA HYM-86594 • 1 ♀; Victoria; MVMA HYM-86584 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex weakly pointed; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate or evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, finely microreticulate ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression shallow, rounded. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina distinct posteriorly, with a median triangular polished area covering anterior 1/3; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites punctate laterally. S2–5 each with a somewhat dense apical row of short setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible black to reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown to black, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters brownish orange.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose, or sparsely setose with cell R densely setose apically. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 2.68 mm; LM 1.52 mm (1.17–1.55); WH/LH 1.03 (0.98–1.03); DH/LH 0.61 (0.60–0.63); EV/HE 0.33 (0.30–0.36); EV/WF 0.35 (0.32–0.38); WF/HE 0.94 (0.93–0.97); WH/WF 1.90 (1.82–1.90); OOL/WOT 1.07 (1.03–1.11); DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 1.86 (1.83–1.90); HFL/HFW 1.90 (1.77–1.91); A3 L/ W 1.38 (1.13–1.38); 2R1 L/ W 2.27. N = 6.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, and Victoria; collected sparsely but widely across the southeast forest zone. Also found in New Zealand, where it is presumably introduced.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The description here is largely repeated from Magnacca (2019), with slight modifications to take into account the range of variation and additional characters used in this work. The widespread, older collections in native vegetation appears to confirm the previous suspicion that it is a native Australian species that was introduced to New Zealand (Magnacca 2019). It is unusual in the genus in having the mesofemur distinctly broadened dorsoventrally and flattened like the pro- and metafemora, rather than cylindrical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D520FEB1FD8AAD1BFEB12E97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D522FE4FFDACAF5BFB2E2CBF.text	03B687A0D522FE4FFDACAF5BFB2E2CBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola torovertex Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola torovertex sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6BE5BD3B-FB0A-4C67-9491-8ACE56F8A3D1</p><p>Figs 183, 197</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the kalarku species group, with the mandible strongly twisted and shiny, head more or less triangular in dorsal view, vertex slightly concave, frons microsculpture smooth, and clypeus without any trace of a carina. Immediately distinguishable from all other species by the shape of the vertex crest, which has a bulge around the ocelli making the margin sinuate in dorsal view.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ torus ’, ‘protuberance’ or ‘bulge’, + ‘ vertex ’, referring to the peculiar swelling posterior of the ocelli. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • ♀; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">CSIRO</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">behind CSIRO</a>; 35.275° S, 149.1109° E; elev. 590 m; 10 Apr. 2011; P. Hebert, R. Labbee, V. Levesque-Beaudin, J. McCormick, J. Sones and J. Webb leg.; BOLD: sample ID BIOUG53911-A03, process ID MCCAA8549-20, BIN ABX1996; ANIC 32-154889.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Australian Capital Territory • 1 ♂; Canberra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.1109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.1109/lat -35.275)">CSIRO property</a>; 35.275° S, 149.1109° E; elev. 588 m; 24–31 Oct. 2011; P. Hebert leg.; Malaise trap; BOLD: process ID MCCAA4715-20, BIN ABX1996; ANIC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 14–21 Nov. 2011; BOLD: process ID MCCAA1598-12, BIN ABX1996; ANIC . – Queensland • 1 ♂; Braemar State Forest via Kogan; 15– 19 Oct. 1979; G. Monteith leg.; pyrethrum on Petalostigma; QM • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.83333/lat -27.216667)">Braemar State Forest via Kogan</a>; 27°13′ S, 150°50′ E; 18 Oct. 1979; G. Monteith leg.; QM Berlesate No. 218, open forest, sieved litter; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex broadly rounded; dorsally flat, not carinate, slightly convex only laterally; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; strongly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with small, indistinct teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with sparse, scattered punctures, mostly 3 pit widths apart or more. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view broadly, shallowly concave, with a distinct protuberance between lateral ocelli; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right to weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible flat in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Genal angle present posteriorly, not prominent, head relatively flat. Side of head posterior to eye convex, with a broad area of colliculate microsculpture extending to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate, pronotal disc distinctly flattened. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent, with a distinct median triangular polished area extending about 1/2 distance from base to declivity; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally, T4–6 punctate with moderately long setae. S3–5 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma brownish. Antenna with scape brown basally, otherwise nearly all yellow. Mandible dark basally, apical half orange. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight but not quite meeting anterior wing margin, poststigmal abscissa of R1 indistinct.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.40 mm; LM 0.84 mm (0.84–0.98); WH/LH 0.90 (0.90–0.93); DH/LH 0.50 (0.49– 0.51); EV/HE 0.49 (0.47–0.49); EV/WF 0.45; WF/HE 1.07 (1.04–1.07); WH/WF 1.70 (1.70–1.78); OOL/WOT 1.55 (1.46–1.55); DM/LM 0.33; FL/FW 2.13 (2.08–2.13); HFL/HFW 1.97 (1.97–2.13); A3 L/ W 1.00 (1.00–1.11); 2R1 L/ W 3.25. N = 3.</p><p>Male</p><p>Similar to female with the following exceptions. Head. Clypeus in profile evenly curved. Vertex and gena setae longer than those of frons, but not strong or conspicuous. Mesosoma . Not strongly compressed. Metasoma. Sterna lacking long erect setae. Color . Profemur yellow apically; meso- and metatibiae brown medially.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.40–1.52 mm; LM 0.80 mm; WH/LH 1.03–1.06; DH/LH 0.53–0.56; EV/HE 0.43–0.48; EV/WF 0.38–0.43; WF/HE 1.11–1.13; WH/WF 1.78–1.83; OOL/WOT 1.33–1.38; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.35–2.39; HFL/HFW 2.32–2.63; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 2.50 –2.73.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland and Australian Capital Territory; presumably also found in New South Wales.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D522FE4FFDACAF5BFB2E2CBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5DFFE4DFD5EA85DFB762CFD.text	03B687A0D5DFFE4DFD5EA85DFB762CFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola torulus Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola torulus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5A5652E1-E594-497A-9FE4-DC4DE3E2DFBC</p><p>Figs 183, 198</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with the head compressed and weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, frons broad, mandible pale and distinctly concave ventrally, and lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest. Distinguished from similar species by the yellow mandible and prominent clypeus, broad in dorsal view and elongate in profile, the apex strongly acute.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ torulus ’, ‘small bulge’ or ‘protuberance’, referring to the projection of Queensland where the type locality is, as well as the clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Applethorpe; 19 Oct.–13 Dec. 1982; B.F. Ingram leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262176.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Upper Clayton Gully, near Cunningham’s Gap; elev. 400–600 m; 25 Apr. 1974; I. Naumann leg.; sweeping long grass, wet sclerophyll forest; QM .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, distinctly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible slightly oblique, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view very slightly concave; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina faintly present; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible yellow. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.73 mm; LM 0.83 mm; WH/LH 0.85; DH/LH 0.53; EV/HE 0.86; EV/WF 0.67; WF/HE 1.28; WH/WF 1.61; OOL/WOT 1.74; DM/LM 0.39; FL/FW 2.47; HFL/HFW 2.44; A3 L/ W 1.30; 2R1 L/ W 2.88.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known from two specimens, collected close together in the southeast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5DFFE4DFD5EA85DFB762CFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5D9FE4BFDB4A85DFA8B2CC0.text	03B687A0D5D9FE4BFDB4A85DFA8B2CC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola trachycephala Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola trachycephala sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0B9E2670-6F4B-4ECB-A155-B5692CCBAE46</p><p>Figs 199, 204</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A member of the compressa group, characterized by the head and mesosoma flattened, frons broad, and basal wing cells sparsely setose; belonging to the subgroup with the ocellar triangle weakly acute to obtuse and head shorter posterior to the eyes. Closest to S. setosipennis sp. nov. in having the mandible weakly convex outwardly and basal wing cells densely setose; separated by having the clypeus ventrally recurved in profile and coxae and femora brown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ trachys ’, ‘rough’, + ‘ kephalon ’, ‘head’, referring to the coarse sculpture.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; 10 km W by S of Ravensthorpe; 33°36′ S, 119°55′ E; 22 Sep. 1981; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154890.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.43333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.43333/lat -34.35)">Brookfield Conservation Park</a>; 34°21′ S, 139°26′ E; 30 Mar.– 3 Apr. 1992; A. Calder and W. Dressler leg.; campsite, pyrethrin knockdown, mallee; ANIC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex broadly rounded; dorsally with a sharp carina or weakly carinate; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow punctures, dense near antennae, 2–3 pit widths apart posterior of midpoint of eyes. Vertex and gena setae distinctly longer than frons setae but only about as thick, not particularly conspicuous. Frons microsculpture dull, granular. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly obtuse. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through just posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterior of eye, ventrally with colliculate-coriaceous sculpture. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Strongly dorsoventrally compressed. Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate, pronotal disc slightly concave. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally finely, weakly striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, protibia and tarsi yellow, meso- and metatibiae brown with yellow bands at bases and apices.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.74 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.44; EV/HE 0.83; EV/WF 0.67; WF/HE 1.25; WH/WF 1.62; OOL/WOT 1.50; DM/LM 0.30; FL/FW 1.92; HFL/HFW 2.00; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.28.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western and Southern Australia; known from two widely separated collections, both in semi-arid habitat.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5D9FE4BFDB4A85DFA8B2CC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5DBFE49FD53A85DFEEF2C05.text	03B687A0D5DBFE49FD53A85DFEEF2C05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola tractuosa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola tractuosa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9807EC5B-31B4-455D-BEB0-C29348980EE5</p><p>Figs 153, 200</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the ficicola species group with the head flat dorsally, moderately narrow and compressed, frons narrow, and antenna short. Separated from similar species by having the mandible slightly twisted, lateral ocelli separated from the vertex crest by more than an ocellus length, transverse propodeal carina present and distinct, and frons distinctly narrow, WH/HE ≤ 1.0.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ tractuosus ’, ‘gluey’, referring to the holotype specimen originally having been embedded in glue and still having excess glue on remounting.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; Perth; MVMA HYM-86582.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile steep and short, evenly curved. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by more than their length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat posterior to middle of inner eye margin, head deepest on line well posterior of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with moderately dense pubescence. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna short, scarcely extending beyond head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae brown except at base and apex, trochanters and tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.77 mm; LM 0.85 mm; WH/LH 0.78; DH/LH 0.51; EV/HE 1.08; EV/WF 1.18; WF/HE 0.92; WH/WF 2.09; OOL/WOT 1.96; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.29; HFL/HFW 2.63; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.33.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the holotype, collected at Perth.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen is heavily glued and the basal wing cells are unclear; they lack setae but appear to have sockets.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5DBFE49FD53A85DFEEF2C05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5D5FE47FD5EA85DFC182CCB.text	03B687A0D5D5FE47FD5EA85DFC182CCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola trinalis Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola trinalis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E407FE40-9BBA-4D86-B8DD-BBF0B53C5B6E</p><p>Figs 195, 201</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to S. nesomeson sp. nov. and S. paraglutinata sp. nov., united by having the head only moderately convex ventrally; ocellar triangle relatively wide, OOL/WOT less than 1.40; and malar space short but distinct, about 1/4 as long as the mandible base. Differing from both by having a distinct transverse propodeal carina, shorter OOL/WOT (less than 1.00), and metafemur relatively broad (HFL/HFW ≤ 2.50).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ trinalis ’, ‘three’ or ‘triple’, referring to this being the third member of its closely-related complex to be described.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Victoria • ♀; Kiata; Oct. 1928; F.E. Wilson leg.; MVMA HYM-86583.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular, apex rounded; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with second ventral tooth largest. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head narrowed posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view strongly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae brown, femora brown dorsally, legs otherwise yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose, or with intermediate setation, each with two complete rows and a few additional setae. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.43 mm; LM 0.75 mm; WH/LH 0.89; DH/LH 0.56; EV/HE 0.43; EV/WF 0.52; WF/HE 0.83; WH/WF 2.00; OOL/WOT 0.90; DM/LM 0.40; FL/FW 2.00; HFL/HFW 2.28; A3 L/ W 1.52; 2R1 L/ W 2.64.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Victoria; known only from the holotype, collected in the dry western region.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species may be separated from the very similar S. paraglutinata sp. nov. by ecology, as they were collected in different habitats (mountain rainforest versus dry plains).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5D5FE47FD5EA85DFC182CCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5D7FE45FD41A85DFB7B2DA0.text	03B687A0D5D7FE45FD41A85DFB7B2DA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola tropica Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola tropica sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B1B4617A-BF50-4998-8682-AB6700B838DF</p><p>Figs 190, 202</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The combination of yellow mandible and legs, clypeus short and semi-elliptical, head compressed and flat or weakly convex dorsally, and frons narrow (WH/HE ~1.1) will separate this species from all others. The mandible is also narrow and lateral ocelli nearly touching the vertex crest, which is unusual in similar species.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ tropikos ’, ‘turn’, referring to the type locality.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.7/lat -11.683333)">turnoff to Captain Billy Landing</a>; 11°41′ S, 142°42′ E; 19 Jun. 1993; I.D. Naumann and P. Zborowski leg.; ANIC 32-154891.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semi-elliptical, apex weakly pointed; dorsally with a low carina, distinctly visible only when viewed directly down towards mandibles; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible narrow, broadened at base and apex, ventral margin distinctly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view weakly curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture smooth and polished posterolaterally, finely microreticulate ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally shining, with weak microsculpture; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Highly polished, without a trace of microsculpture. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, tinged with brown dorsally. Mandible yellow. Legs all yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.27 mm; LM 0.64 mm; WH/LH 0.83; DH/LH 0.48; EV/HE 0.86; EV/WF 0.76; WF/HE 1.12; WH/WF 1.72; OOL/WOT 1.73; DM/LM 0.34; FL/FW 2.25; HFL/HFW 2.43; A3 L/ W 1.00; 2R1 L/ W 2.94.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected on the Cape York Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5D7FE45FD41A85DFB7B2DA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5D6FE40FD56AFA0FE502EB4.text	03B687A0D5D6FE40FD56AFA0FE502EB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola truncata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola truncata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D2CC4664-710E-4210-AE58-6D5DDEDFADA6</p><p>Figs 203–204</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>United with S. gudang sp. nov. by the unusual clypeus, which is high and weakly carinate dorsally, abruptly truncate apically, with a distinct vertical surface visible in lateral view. Separated by having the mandible constricted near the base, gradually and evenly broadened toward the apex; basal cells of the fore wing nearly glabrous; and head long posterior of the eyes, EV/HE 0.80–1.05; and frons broad, WF/HE ~1.2.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the abruptly truncate clypeus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.55/lat -31.333334)">Brachina Creek</a>; 31°20′ S, 138°33′ E; 9 Nov. 1987; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ANIC 32-154892.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Northern Territory • 1 ♀; 39 km E of Alice Springs; 23°42′ S, 134°15′ E; 5 Oct. 1978; J.C. Cardale leg.; ex alcohol collection; ANIC . – South Australia • 1 ♀; Eba; 17 May 1953; G.F. Gross leg.; E.S.I. 972; SAMA 32-42929 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC • 1 ♀; 17 km E of Morgan; 34°02′ S, 139°52′ E; 12 Nov. 1987; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC . – Western Australia • 1 ♀; 21 km E by N of Yellowdine; 31°17′ S, 119°53′ E; 10 Oct. 1981; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 1 ♀; 40 km N of Geraldton; 28°28′ S, 114°38′ E; 3 Jan. 1995; R.B. and L.S. Kimsey leg.; ex Eucalyptus; UCDC 10302 • 1 ♀; 120 km N of Northampton; 27°25′ S, 114°40′ E; 9 Jan. 1995; R.B. and L.S. Kimsey leg.; UCDC 10904 • 1 ♀; 110 km NW of Williams; 32°19′ S, 119°13′ E; 15 Jan. 1995; L.S. and R.B. Kimsey leg.; UCDC 11503 • 1 ♀; 2 km N of Narrogin; 32°56′ S, 117°11′ E; 16 Jan. 1995; L.S. and R.B. Kimsey leg.; ex Eucalyptus; UCDC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.63333/lat -33.316666)">Dumbleyung Lake Nature Reserve</a>; 33°19′ S, 117°38′ E; 12 Nov. 2002; J. Pinto leg.; UCRC 110039 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short trapezoidal, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex truncate; dorsally weakly carinate, abruptly cut off apically; in profile gently sloping dorsally, distally nearly vertical or slightly angled back. Mandible moderately broad, constricted just past articulation, gradually broadened towards apex; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space almost absent. Dorsal setae of head shorter than flagellar width. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli separated from vertex crest by about their own length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae.</p><p>Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna very short, not extending beyond posterior margin of head.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina present laterally, obsolete medially; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna dark brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Mandible dark basally, apical half reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.51 mm; LM 0.75 mm (0.64–0.78); WH/LH 0.80 (0.79–0.83); DH/LH 0.50 (0.49–0.52); EV/HE 0.94 (0.91–1.00); EV/WF 0.77 (0.75–0.88); WF/HE 1.22 (1.10–1.26); WH/WF 1.72 (1.66–1.79); OOL/WOT 1.93 (1.69–2.00); DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.09 (1.94–2.16); HFL/HFW 2.17 (2.01–2.27); A3 L/ W 0.80 (0.80–0.92); 2R1 L/ W 1.89. N = 11.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Widespread in Western Australia and South Australia, with one record from Northern Territory near Alice Springs.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although still represented by less than a dozen specimens, this appears to be one of the only truly widespread species of Australian Sierola . It is found in dry and semi-desert areas throughout the western 2/3 of the continent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5D6FE40FD56AFA0FE502EB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5D3FE5EFD5DACBEFBD32EB4.text	03B687A0D5D3FE5EFD5DACBEFBD32EB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola uniloba Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola uniloba sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 440F98A5-29BD-4CD4-9774-C561971D35D4</p><p>Figs 204–205</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Belonging to the complex of species with the clypeus moderately large and quadrate, visibly parallel-sided beyond the antennae. Close to S. macrorhina sp. nov., sharing a low but distinct medial carina on the clypeus. Separated by having the clypeus truncate apically rather than broadly rounded, mandible reddish brown and strongly twisted, propodeum without polished areas, and head somewhat narrower.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the undivided clypeus and the obvious similarity to S. biloba sp. nov. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.7/lat -31.35)">Oraparinna Creek</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.7/lat -31.35)">Dingly Dell Camp</a>, near water; 31°21′ S, 138°42′ E; 4–10 Nov. 1987; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; Malaise trap / ethanol; ANIC 32-154893.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process quadrate, apex truncate; dorsally with a distinct but narrow, sharp ridge raised slightly above the otherwise flat surface; in profile evenly sloping, nearly straight. Mandible moderately broad, slightly narrowed medially and broadened at apex, ventral margin weakly concave; slightly twisted, outwardly polished and shining distal of bend, coriaceous and dull basally; in ventral view obtusely elbowed. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture evident but smooth, shining. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle strongly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae moderate, about as long as 2–3 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through posterior margin of eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view weakly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, strongly laterally compressed, slightly arcuate in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S3–5 each with two pairs of long erect setae, S6 with one pair much longer than others. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape and base of flagellum pale, becoming darker over apical half. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing sparsely setose, with one or two rows of setae in each cell. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.57 mm; LM 0.88 mm; WH/LH 0.70; DH/LH 0.45; EV/HE 0.75; EV/WF 0.79; WF/HE 0.94; WH/WF 1.88; OOL/WOT 1.61; DM/LM 0.35; FL/FW 2.27; HFL/HFW 2.24; A3 L/ W 1.40; 2R1 L/ W 2.64.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>South Australia; known only from the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Similar and clearly closely related to S. biloba sp. nov., separated by the quadrate, undivided clypeus, transverse carina of propodeum absent, and polished metasoma. The mandibles are also not so distinctly bent near the base, instead being broadly angled at about half their length.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5D3FE5EFD5DACBEFBD32EB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5CDFE5CFD58ACBEFB252D66.text	03B687A0D5CDFE5CFD58ACBEFB252D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola ustulata Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola ustulata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 04878F50-AF99-4631-A977-8FEA5EDBA916</p><p>Figs 195, 206</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a distinct complex of species with the head moderately deep and somewhat short posterior to the eyes (head deepest on a line through the eye in lateral view), clypeus evenly curved in profile, mandible reddish brown to orange, and basal wing cells densely setose. Closest to S. glutinata sp. nov. in lacking a distinct malar space and having the head strongly convex ventrally; distinguished by the broad frons, slightly deeper head, and ventral margin of the mandible strongly concave.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ ustulatus ’, ‘singed’, referring to the brownish mandibles.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.93333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.93333/lat -41.316666)">Intake Bridge</a>; 41°19′ S, 147°56′ E; 13 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154894.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Tasmania • 5 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ANIC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.21666/lat -41.633335)">Elephant Pass</a>; 41°38′ S, 148°13′ E; 28 Jan. 1983; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC • 7 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">King Is</a>., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.9905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.9905/lat -39.9441)">Pegarah Nature Reserve</a>; 39.9441° S, 143.9905° E; 18 Dec. 2023 – 13 Jan. 2024; S.J. Grove leg.; Malaise trap series 3; TMAG F180567 to F180573 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular, apex pointed; dorsally weakly carinate; in profile evenly curved from base to apex, apical angle slightly acute. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broader on apical half, ventral margin distinctly concave; apical half of mandible strongly convex outwardly, teeth arrayed on frontal and dorsal surfaces, outwardly polished and shining near apex, remainder coriaceous; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with teeth distinctly stronger ventrally. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with distinct, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate to coriaceous, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute. Head more or less parallel-sided for some distance posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head strongly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye with a line of tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest, distinctly different from smoother sculpting dorsally and ventrally. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression very shallow, nearly absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with faint microsculpture laterally. S2–5 each with a single sparse apical row of setae. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, laterally with dense pilose setae.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna entirely dark brown except ventral side of basal flagellomeres yellowish. Mandible reddish brown. Coxae and femora brown, trochanters and tibiae tinged with brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.86 mm; LM 0.95 mm (0.80–1.08); WH/LH 0.86 (0.85–0.89); DH/LH 0.62 (0.60–0.62); EV/HE 0.68 (0.63–0.68); EV/WF 0.62 (0.59–0.63); WF/HE 1.09 (1.05–1.11); WH/WF 1.71 (1.68–1.75); OOL/WOT 1.43 (1.40–1.55); DM/LM 0.43; FL/FW 1.90 (1.89–2.04); HFL/HFW 2.48 (2.48–2.71); A3 L/ W 1.43 (1.33–1.57); 2R1 L/ W 2.99. N = 7.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania; known from two series and one additional specimen collected in the northeast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5CDFE5CFD58ACBEFB252D66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5CFFE5AFDBBAF68FD7728B1.text	03B687A0D5CFFE5AFDBBAF68FD7728B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola vibrissata Ward 2013	<div><p>Sierola vibrissata Ward, 2013</p><p>Figs 195, 207</p><p>Sierola vibrissata Ward, 2013: 117, figs 15–16.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of a complex of species with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. Closest to S. vibrissoides sp. nov. in having the long setae black, scrobes narrowing to a sharp carina on the anterior face of the clypeus, and vein Rs meeting the anterior wing margin. Distinguished by having the frons somewhat shining and finely reticulate with more open punctation, 2–3 pit widths apart, and basal wing cells moderately densely setose.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>NEW ZEALAND – ♀; South Island, Bullivants I [sland], Māpua Estuary; Jun.–Dec. 1989; A.K. Walker leg.; Malaise trap in coastal scrub; NZAC 04037461.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>AUSTRALIA – South Australia • 1 ♀; Arno Bay; elev. 20 m; 9–19 Jan. 2019; J.L. Holder leg.; MABJH2, sand dune, small bowl shaped area, lots of flowering shrubs and some Eucalyptus and Acacia plants near by, tied to dead tree near thorn bush; SAMA. – Tasmania • 1 ♀; Geeveston, 141 Fourfoot Road; 6 Jan. 2018; M.M. Giannotta leg.; swept off Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus nitens, and E. globulosus residential forest with bracken understory; SAMA.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular (narrow, lateral lobes somewhat enlarged), apex rounded; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face; in profile steep, recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small (1/3 as long as mandible base in Tasmania specimen). Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, uneven punctures, 1–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena with two long, black, and bristle-like setae on each side. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly acute to right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head (weakly differentiated from ventral sculpture). Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally with granulate sculpture; median carina absent, but anteromedian portion of propodeum broadly elevated; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae present posteriorly, fading anteriorly. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–5 each with a pair of long erect black setae near posterior margin. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black (metasoma slightly brownish). Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.24 mm; LM 0.75 mm (0.75–0.85); WH/LH 0.86 (0.86–0.89); DH/LH 0.54 (0.54–0.56); EV/HE 0.29 (0.29–0.33); EV/WF 0.35 (0.35–0.38); WF/HE 0.81 (0.81–0.85); WH/WF 1.88 (1.81–1.88); OOL/WOT 0.89 (0.89–1.06); DM/LM 0.38; FL/FW 2.00 (1.86–2.00); HFL/HFW 2.36–2.44; A3 L/ W 1.23 (1.18–1.30). N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tasmania, South Australia, and New Zealand; known from one specimen each, but probably more widely distributed in southeastern Australia.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The description is based primarily on the holotype of S. vibrissata from New Zealand, but there are no significant differences from the two Australian specimens and I am unable to separate them. The only notable difference is that the specimen from Tasmania has a longer malar space, but the one from South Australia does not. It seems unlikely that the same species is so widely separated, especially considering the closely-related taxa found elsewhere in Australia, but as shown by S. thorpei it is possible. It may be an introduced species in New Zealand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5CFFE5AFDBBAF68FD7728B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5C8FE59FDA5A85DFCC82973.text	03B687A0D5C8FE59FDA5A85DFCC82973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola vibrissoides Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola vibrissoides sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6CF4A8F9-7EC6-409C-BB68-4B40B2B1C8CD</p><p>Figs 204, 208</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. Closest to S. vibrissata in having the long setae black, scrobes narrowing to a sharp carina on the anterior face of the clypeus, and vein Rs meeting the anterior wing margin. Distinguished by having the frons appearing dull due to scutellate microsculpture and with close punctation, about 1 pit width apart, and basal wing cells very densely setose, about five rows of setae in each.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to the similarity of this species to S. vibrissata .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; Mt Cooke; 23 Dec. 1990 – 13 Jan. 1991; M. Harvey and J. Waldock leg.; Malaise trap; SAMA.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • 1 ♀; Pilbara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.74944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.719444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.74944/lat -22.719444)">Mt Nameless</a>; 22°43′10″ S, 117°44′58″ E; 31 May 2004; G. Carter and D. Britton leg.; mixed scrub, sweep sample, PILB147/03SW; AM K248031 • 1 ♀; Pilbara region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.832275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.435778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.832275/lat -22.435778)">Nanutarra-Wittenoom Road</a>, approx 13 km NE of Railway Road x-in, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.832275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.435778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.832275/lat -22.435778)">near fenceline</a>; 22°26′8.8″ S, 117°49′56.2″ E; 22–27 Sep. 2005; CVA Volunteers leg.; LTM sites, Malaise trap, PILB 041/09M; AM K248056 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process semicircular (narrow, lateral lobes somewhat enlarged), apex rounded; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face; in profile weakly sloping dorsally but strongly rounded and recurved at apex. Mandible narrow, more or less parallel-sided except at base; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space 1/4 as long as width of base of mandible. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons with shallow, close punctures, mostly about 1 pit width apart. Vertex and gena with two long, black, and bristle-like setae on each side. Frons microsculpture minutely scutellate, cellules shining but separated by conspicuous margins. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin not carinate but forming a pronounced ridge. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head weakly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye concave; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterolaterally, coriaceous ventrally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head (weakly differentiated from ventral sculpture). Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely rugulose; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur robust, about twice as long as wide and strongly convex dorsally, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, apical tergites laterally punctate and with faint microreticulation. S3–5 each with a pair of long erect black setae near posterior margin. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, yellow to orange apically, flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally. Mandible black. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane weakly infuscate. Basal cells of fore wing very densely setose, with five or more rows of setae in cell R. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.57 mm; LM 0.87 mm (0.78–0.87); WH/LH 0.86 (0.84–0.88); DH/LH 0.52 (0.52–0.53); EV/HE 0.30 (0.30–0.35); EV/WF 0.38 (0.38–0.39); WF/HE 0.78 (0.78–0.89); WH/WF 1.92 (1.72–1.92); OOL/WOT 0.93 (0.93–1.11); DM/LM 0.36; FL/FW 1.85 (1.78–1.85); HFL/HFW 2.27 (2.10–2.32); A3 L/ W 1.25 (1.11–1.25); 2R1 L/ W 3.20. N = 3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from three specimens.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The Pilbara paratypes have the frons slightly broader and slightly coarser sculpture of the frons and metasoma (the latter with microreticulation extending onto the dorsal surface of tergites), but match the holotype in the close punctation and dense wing setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5C8FE59FDA5A85DFCC82973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5CAFE57FD4BAB7DFE0B2AE6.text	03B687A0D5CAFE57FD4BAB7DFE0B2AE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola vulsa Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola vulsa sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BD621467-D1F6-444C-848B-EAA6AF1094D8</p><p>Figs 183, 209</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Part of the vibrissata group, with very long, thick, bristly setae on the vertex and gena, antennal scrobes dorsally carinate, broadly flat in between with a low carina, and eyes large, head short posteriorly. Close to S. vibrissata and S. vibrissoides sp. nov. in having scrobes narrowing to a sharp carina on the anterior face of the clypeus, and vein Rs meeting the anterior wing margin. Distinguished by having the long setae brown rather than black, and metasomal tergites conspicuously microreticulate.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ vulsus ’, ‘plucked’ or ‘shorn’, referring to the loss of many of the long setae.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♀; Acacia Ridge, Brisbane ; Oct. 1976; E.C. Dahms leg.; Malaise trap; QM T262177.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process rounded triangular to semicircular, apex weakly pointed; flat with a low carina dorsally, narrowing to a sharp carina on anterior face; in profile gently sloping dorsally, distally nearly vertical or slightly angled back. Mandible moderately narrow, slightly narrowed medially from base, ventral margin weakly concave; not twisted, at most weakly convex outwardly, outwardly coriaceous, somewhat dull; in ventral view evenly, moderately curved. Apex of mandible vertical, with equally strong teeth. Malar space very small. Dorsal setae of head distinctly longer than flagellar width. Frons with distinct punctures, dense near antennae and eyes, 2–3 pit widths apart or more in central frons. Vertex and gena setae extremely long and conspicuous, nearly three times as long as setae of frons. Frons microsculpture finely microreticulate, surface weakly matte. Vertex in dorsal view more or less straight; occipital margin narrowly rounded. Lateral ocelli nearly touching vertex crest. Ocellar triangle anterior angle weakly to strongly obtuse. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view slightly convex, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head evenly convex ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye distinctly angulate, rounded carina with distinct tesselate microsculpture extending from posteroventral margin of eye to vertex crest. Gena ventral to eye flat; sculpture weakly microreticulate posterior of eye, ventrally with colliculate-coriaceous sculpture. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to posterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view evenly rounded. Pronotal setae longer than flagellar width. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina absent, brow of declivity broadly rounded; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur strongly broadened, less than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga, apical tergites punctate laterally. S3–6 each with a pair of long erect setae, progressively longer on apical segments. Sixth sternum broadly glabrous medially, with sparse setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Body entirely dark brown to black. Antenna brown on base of scape and apical flagellomeres, yellow medially. Mandible black. Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown, tibiae brown, tarsi yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane tinged with yellow. Basal cells of fore wing densely and conspicuously setose. Cell 1M weakly convex posteriorly, corner posteroapical. Distal portion of vein Rs nearly straight, meeting anterior wing margin at right angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.89 mm; LM 0.95 mm; WH/LH 0.92; DH/LH 0.52; EV/HE 0.47; EV/WF 0.51; WF/HE 0.91; WH/WF 1.88; OOL/WOT 0.96; DM/LM 0.42; FL/FW 1.78; HFL/HFW 1.96; A3 L/ W 1.37; 2R1 L/ W 2.27.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Queensland; known only from the holotype, collected in Brisbane.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A number of the long setae of the head and metasoma on the unique holotype have clearly fallen off. The specimen is poorly mounted for visibility of some of the head characters, but has not been remounted in order to preserve the setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5CAFE57FD4BAB7DFE0B2AE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
03B687A0D5C4FE54FD52A8E9FB13281A.text	03B687A0D5C4FE54FD52A8E9FB13281A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sierola xanthops Magnacca 2026	<div><p>Sierola xanthops sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4F5EB7A4-F080-41C3-BDF5-7F874CDD3E9A</p><p>Figs 204, 210</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>A very striking species, appearing very different from nearly all other Sierola . The anteriorly emarginate eye and very elongate mandible with only three distinct teeth (the basal one being reduced to a denticle on the median margin) and broadened dorsally rather than ventrally appear to be unique in the genus. However, in general appearance it is not very different from S. dichroma Perkins, 1910 of Oahu.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ xantho ’, ‘yellow’, + ‘ ops ’, ‘face’, referring to the bright yellow lower portion of the head. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Western Australia • ♀; 23 km ESE of Cocklebiddy; 32°08′ S, 126°18′ E; 12 Oct. 1981; I.D. Naumann and J.C. Cardale leg.; ex ethanol; ANIC 32-154895.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. Clypeal process very short, almost transverse, extending only slightly beyond lateral portion of clypeus, apex broadly rounded; dorsally rounded, convex, lacking a carina; in profile gently sloping dorsally, distally nearly vertical or slightly angled back. Mandible moderately narrow at base, distinctly broadened toward apex; slightly twisted, outwardly shining but with distinct, fine microsculpture; in ventral view straight or nearly so. Apex of mandible vertical, with three subapical teeth, dorsal tooth represented by a short, broad, subapical projection on the dorsal margin. Malar space absent, eye slightly emarginate to receive mandible articulation. Dorsal setae of head about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Frons moderately punctate, about 2–3 pit widths apart. Vertex and gena setae similar to and only slightly longer than setae of frons. Frons microsculpture coriaceous, matte but without strong surface texture. Vertex in dorsal view slightly convex, corners strongly rounded off; occipital margin broadly rounded. Lateral ocelli distinctly separate from vertex crest by less than ocellus length. Ocellar triangle anterior angle right. Head rounded shortly posterior to eyes. Eye setae short, only about as long as 1–2 ommatidia. Dorsum of head in lateral view nearly flat, head deepest on line through eye. Venter of head posterior to mandible convex in lateral view, with relatively sparse setae. Head nearly flat ventrally, genal angle absent. Side of head posterior to eye convex. Gena ventral to eye convex; sculpture coriaceous ventrally and posterolaterally, with broad band of tesselate-colliculate sculpture extending diagonally on each side from anterior margin of eye to posteroventral margin of head. Postgenal depression absent. Antenna extending to anterior margin of pronotum.</p><p>MESOSOMA . Anterior margin of dorsal pronotal area in lateral view strongly angulate. Pronotal setae about as long as flagellar width or scarcely longer. Propodeal disc laterally coarsely striate; median carina absent; transverse carina distinct, complete; metapleural carinae complete. Profemur only moderately broadened, more than twice as long as wide, with both anterior and posterior surfaces convex, not strongly compressed, more or less straight in dorsal view.</p><p>METASOMA. Shining, with smooth but distinct microreticulation over all terga. S3–6 each with a pair of moderately long erect setae, only about twice as long as prostrate setae in apical band. Sixth sternum glabrous medially, with a mix of long and short setae laterally.</p><p>COLOR. Head entirely yellow ventrally and dorsally anterior of middle of inner eye margin, body otherwise dark brown to black. Antenna yellow, apical flagellomeres tinged with brown. Mandible yellow. Coxae and femora brown, tibiae, tarsi, and trochanters yellow.</p><p>WINGS. Membrane hyaline. Basal cells of fore wing nearly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Cell 1M distinctly convex posteriorly, corner medioapical. Distal portion of vein Rs strongly curved, meeting anterior wing margin at oblique angle.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. LFW 1.83 mm; LM 0.92 mm; WH/LH 1.11; DH/LH 0.60; EV/HE 0.60; EV/WF 0.50; WF/HE 1.20; WH/WF 1.65; OOL/WOT 1.07; DM/LM 0.41; FL/FW 2.27; HFL/HFW 2.38; A3 L/ W 0.93; 2R1 L/ W 1.44.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Australia; known only from the unique holotype, collected in the Nullarbor Plain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A0D5C4FE54FD52A8E9FB13281A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magnacca, Karl	Magnacca, Karl (2026): The Sierola (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 1045: 1-416, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1045.3225, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3225/14297
