identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AB87FA1A2A676215D98574E63769B4.text	03AB87FA1A2A676215D98574E63769B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Flammulinini Crosse 1895	<div><p>Tribe Flammulinini Crosse, 1895</p><p>Remarks: The subfamily Flammoconchinae Schileyko, 2001 was proposed for two NZ genera, Flammoconcha and Flammocharopa Climo, 1970 (now Calymna), on the basis of a single character, a large glandular appendage on the terminal male reproductive tract. Schileyko (2001: 1024) wrote: ‘Two New Zealand genera [ Flammocharopa and Flammoconcha] differ from any other charopid genera by the conspicuous (glandular?) penial appendage’. Our studies show that the use of the penial appendage to define a subfamily is problematic. Some undescribed species of Flammoconcha (F.C. obs.), in addition to Calymna costulata Hutton, 1883 and Calymna montana (Suter, 1891), have a basal penial appendage, but none of the Flammoconcha species dissected and illustrated by Climo (1969) does. Powell (1941) and Dell (1952) did not illustrate the male reproductive systems of Flammoconcha cumberi (Powell, 1941) or Flammoconcha stewartensis Dell, 1952 . Schileyko (2001) did not give any other source of information for his statement that a</p><p>Specimen First teleoconch Second teleoconch Rib count D/U Maximal shell Shell Shell whorl width whorl width first teleoconch ratio diameter height whorls whorl</p><p>NZ Sinployea</p><p>S. kaipara Okahukura 325 μm 563 μm Peninsula</p><p>(M.082966)</p><p>S. kaipara Thomson 349 μm</p><p>Kauri Grove ScR</p><p>(M.075729)</p><p>S. solemi? Ohinau Island 347 μm</p><p>S. accelerata (Climo) 301 μm 556 μm Motukaramarama</p><p>S. accelerata (Climo) ? Gut 308 μm 534 μm Rock</p><p>S. accelerata (Climo) ? 366 μm 656 μm Ruamahuaiti</p><p>S. ohinepoutea Puketi 449 μm</p><p>(M.165180)</p><p>S. solemi ?</p><p>Ngunguru (M.058119)</p><p>S. mangamuka 404 μm 669 μm Mangamuka (M.062484)</p><p>S. karangahake Hotwater 333 μm 538 μm Beach (M.076163)</p><p>S. karangahake 417 μm 787 μm Karangahake (M.103006)</p><p>S. fiordlandica Mount 280 μm 506 μm Troup (M.081649)</p><p>S. australis Invercargill 316 μm 612 μm (M.078966)</p><p>S. waipoua Waipoua 411 μm</p><p>(M.098308)</p><p>S. waipoua Parakao 393 μm</p><p>S. capensis Cape Sanc- 269 μm 539 μm tuary (M.151454)</p><p>S. capensis 258 μm 579 μm Cape Sanctuary</p><p>(MA73638)</p><p>S. capensis 270 μm 569 μm Cape Sanctuary</p><p>(MA73639)</p><p>S. ohinepoutea 287 μm 580 μm Ohinepoutea</p><p>(M.078239)</p><p>S. solemi Unuwhao 337 μm</p><p>(MA96903)</p><p>S. solemi Unuwhao 343 μm</p><p>(MA96903)</p><p>S. solemi Waterfall Gully 311 μm 590 μm (MA96904)</p><p>S. solemi Waterfall Gully 281 μm 536 μm (MA96904)</p><p>S. solemi Pandora Road 367 μm</p><p>(MA152583)</p><p>67 4.45 2.2 mm 1.22 mm 3</p><p>75 3.86 1.83 mm 1.1 mm ~3</p><p>56 ~4.75 ~ 1.7 mm ~905 μm ~2.8 65 3.99 3.0 mm ~ 1.7 mm ~3.75</p><p>66 4.11 2.5 mm ~ 1.3 mm ~3.5</p><p>42 3.93 2.7 mm ~ 1.4 mm ~3.4</p><p>65 4.36 1.5 mm 830 μm 2.5</p><p>56 ~4.06 ~ 1.3 mm 2.25</p><p>49 4.99 2.3 mm 1.28 mm 3</p><p>66 4.57 2.7 mm 1.58 mm 3.25</p><p>56 3.96 2.4 mm 1.28 mm 3.1</p><p>102 4.17 2.1 mm 950 μm ~3</p><p>78 3.92 2 mm 1.09 mm ~3</p><p>85 ~4.90 ~2.0 mm ~2.75</p><p>92 ~4.72 1.5 mm ~2.5 32 5.02 2.3 mm 1.21 3.25</p><p>33 5.24 1.87 mm ~937 μm ~3</p><p>33 5.35 1.9 mm 935 μm 3</p><p>59 4.15 1.95 mm ~933 μm ~3</p><p>42 5.53 1.4 mm 849 μm 2.6</p><p>45 6.84 1.6 mm 960 μm 2.7</p><p>67 5.47 1.7 mm 965 μm 3</p><p>65 6.05 1.7 mm 974 μm 3</p><p>50 5.60 1.5 mm 856 μm 2.5 large penial appendage is unique to Calymna and Flammoconcha . Our dissections show that Flammulina jacquenetta (Hutton, 1883), Charopidae, also has a basal glandular appendage, as has Sinployea capensis (Figs 3, 4). Two further dissections of undescribed Calymna species, Charopidae sp. 37 (NMNZ M.075855) and Charopidae sp. 38 (NMNZ M.029851), have pocket pilasters without a basal penial appendage like the Pacific Sinployea species (Fig. 5). The basal glandular appendage on the male terminal reproductive tract of Sinployea accelerata (Climo, 1970) comb. nov. is depicted in Figure 6 for further comparisons. The reproductive system of Calymna costulata is shown in Figure 4 and that of Calymna montana (Suter, 1891) in the paper by Climo (1970: fig. 16). The dissections suggest two possibilities: homology of external appendage and internal pocket pilaster, and a more complex evolutionary history than that implied by Schileyko’s subfamily Flammoconchinae . For example, the penial pilasters of Charopidae sp. 37 depicted in Figure 5B appear to be at an intermediate stage of internalization of an appendage. Pustules occur in the upper chamber of the penis of Flammulina jacquenetta (Fig. 3), as they do in Charopa coma (Gray, 1843) (Fig. 7) and Flammulina zebra (Le Guillou, 1842) as illustrated by Solem (1983: fig. 29e).</p><p>aLargely concealed by reflected inner lip.</p><p>The male genitalia of the more tightly coiled Charopinae with higher whorl count like Charopa coma are different. Solem (1983: 73 and 82) considered the male genitalia of Sinployea to be of ‘ Charopa type’ but also comparable to those of Flammulina, but we find that the reproductive anatomy of Charopa Albers, 1860 is more different from Sinployea (currently classified in Charopinae) than the latter from Calymna ( Flammoconchinae sensu Schileyko). The male genitalia of Polynesian and Micronesian Sinployea species and Charopa coma are illustrated in Figures 7–9.</p><p>The male genitalia of Pacific islands Sinployea species have a standard pattern of apical or near-apical insertion of the vas deferens into the epiphallus, with the epiphallus inserting apically into the penial lumen through a verge or papilla. The retractor muscle attaches apically near the junction of the epiphallus and phallus, and the outline of the penis often appears to show a constriction, marked internally by a circular pilaster. A pocket pilaster occurs in the internal lumen of most of the dissected species (Figs 7, 9). The internal male lumen of Charopa coma also shows a circular pilaster or sphincter, a pocket pilaster, and an epiphallic papilla, but the pilasters are predominantly pustulose, and the pocket pilaster is situated above the sphincter. The cluster of pilasters adjacent to the entrance of the epiphallus below the retractor muscle attachment in Charopa coma appears to be a separate structure (Fig. 7). These small pilasters possibly represent a reduced caecum similar to that seen in the charopid species Corinomala gressitti (Solem, 1970) from New Guinea (Solem 1970: 250, fig. 2) and charopid Cavellia colensoi (Suter, 1890) from NZ (dissected specimen from Pongaroa, Tararua District; Mahlfeld 2005 and auth. obs.). No such structure nor pustulose pilaster structures are known from Sinployea or Calymna dissections so far.</p><p>The dissections of Calymna (Figs 4–6) species illustrate the different degrees of reduction and internalization of an external appendage to an internalized remnant caecum structure or pocket pilaster or to even further simplified lumen pilasters. The trend to internalization of structures and vertical compaction of reproductive morphologies is particularly clear in the very loosely coiled Flammulina E. von Martens, 1873 taxa and Ranfurlya Suter, 1903 (or Climo 1969: figs 11–13; and our pers. obs.). Solem (1983: 61) discussed this trend in reference to a dissection of Flammulina zebra: ‘In Flammulina zebra, the genotype, the epiphallus has been compacted back into the penis … and is thus completely undetectable from external view’. Similar trends have been found in other NZ charopine snails, which suggests a general pattern of structurally defined and ordered evolutionary pathways from external appendages to internalized, reduced structures involving internalization and reduction of radially branched structures through telescopic contraction and compaction (tubes within tubes), and reduction of structures to simple pilasters or, eventually, no pilasters at all in the penial lumen (Fig. 5B; Solem 1970). Dissections of Allodiscus Pilsbry, 1892 and Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 species have likewise shown complex arrangements and fusions of appendages (auth. obs.), sometimes involving several appendages. Different stages of fusion of the epiphallic papilla with the internal phallic lumen wall and various stages of reduced pocket pilasters and caeca have also been observed in dissections of species in the charopid genus Cavellia Iredale, 1915 (Mahlfeld 2005). Moreover, pilaster structures seem to be interchangeable between male and female systems, for instance ‘valve-like’ structures or pores.</p><p>To summarize, Schileyko (2001) included two NZ genera, Calymna and Flammoconcha, in the new subfamily Flammoconchinae, while retaining other taxa with similar morphological characters in Charopinae or Flammulininae . However, the glandular penial appendage supposedly defining Flammoconchinae does not occur in all Flammoconcha, but it does occur in other Charopidae species that Schileyko (2001) did not include in Flammoconchinae . Thus the subfamily Flammoconchinae sensu Schileyko (2001) is not accepted here. Instead, we suggest treating Flammoconchinae as a junior synonym of Flammulinini and assigning Sinployea, Calymna, Flammoconcha, Ranfurlya, and Flammulina to this tribe in the subfamily Charopinae . This is based on the trends observed in the reproductive morphologies of different NZ charopid genera (Figs 3–9). A recently published punctoid phylogeny (Salvador et al. 2020) proposed a clade including Flammulina, Ranfurlya, Charopa, and Sinployea based on 26 of ≥300 NZ charopid species. Flammulinini as a tribal group in Charopinae would be in agreement with results of Salvador et al. (2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A2A676215D98574E63769B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A39677D15E984B6E2EE6D51.text	03AB87FA1A39677D15E984B6E2EE6D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea accelerata (Mahlfeld & Climo & Roscoe 2025) Mahlfeld & Climo & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea accelerata (Climo, 1970) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6, 17, 18, 44)</p><p>Charopa (Mocella) accelerata Climo 1970: 312; Powell 1979: 310.</p><p>Flammocharopa accelerata (Climo, 1970) Goulstone and Mayhill 1998: 282; Spencer et al. 2009: 215.</p><p>Calymna accelerata (Climo, 1970) https://www.molluscabase. org (accessed March 2021).</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.14557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.94001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.14557/lat -35.94001)">North Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.14557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.94001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.14557/lat -35.94001)">Auckland</a>, NMNZ: M.099848, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.14557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.94001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.14557/lat -35.94001)">Mokohinau Islands</a>, Fanal Island, Centre Valley, 35°56′24.037S, 175°08′44.040″E, G.R. Parrish, 25 November 1987 ; M.073658, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.97493&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.695927" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.97493/lat -36.695927)">Hauraki Gulf</a>, The Noises, Otata Island, 36°41′45.332″S, 174°58′29.766″E, G.W. Ramsay &amp; D.W. Helmore, 20 August 1978 ; M.181862, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.51425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.3089" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.51425/lat -36.3089)">Great Barrier Island</a>, ESE of Tryphena, near summit of Rosalie Bay Road, 36°18′32.040″S, 175°30′51.300″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 28 November 2001 ; M.181653, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.4919&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.306705" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.4919/lat -36.306705)">Great Barrier Island</a>, Tryphena, beside Shoal Bay Road, 36°18′24.146″S, 175°29′30.832″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 26 November 2001 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.90154&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.90682" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.90154/lat -37.90682)">Waikato</a>: Bridal Veil Falls Scenic Reserve, NE of Kawhia, 37°54′24.536″S, 174°54′05.555″E, P.C. Mayhill, April 1978 ; M.192219, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.07953&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.26593" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.07953/lat -38.26593)">Ruakuri Cave</a>, SW of Otorohanga, 38°15′57.349″S, 175°04′46.291″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1977 ; M.073309, S end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.99936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.22144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.99936/lat -38.22144)">Mahoe Road</a>, NW of Te Kuiti, 38°13′17.176″S, 174°59′57.681″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 13 November 1977 ; M.076433, S side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.02911&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.262356" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.02911/lat -38.262356)">Hauturu Road–Te</a> Anga Junction, NW of Te Kuiti, 38°15′44.482″S, 175°01′44.832″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 11 September 1984 ; M.061541, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.00053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.261974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.00053/lat -38.261974)">Stubb’s</a> farm, NW of intersection of Waipuna and Te Anga roads, NW of Te Kuiti, 38°15′43.106″S, 175°00′01.912″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 2 July 1978 ; M.070162, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.00053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.261974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.00053/lat -38.261974)">Stubb’s</a> farm, NW of intersection of Waipuna and Te Anga roads, NW of Te Kuiti, 38°15′43.106″S, 175°00′01.912″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 2 July 1978 ; M.085398, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.00053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.261974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.00053/lat -38.261974)">Stubb’s</a> farm, W of intersection of Waipuna and Te Anga roads, NW of Te Kuiti, 38°15′43.106″S, 175°00′01.912″E, K.G. Brown, 16 November 1977 ; M.055201, S side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.99936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.22144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.99936/lat -38.22144)">Hauturu Road–Te</a> Anga Junction, NW of Te Kuiti, 38°13′17.176″S, 174°59′57.681″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 4 January 1977 ; M.056220, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.77924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.588383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.77924/lat -38.588383)">Taumatamaire Road</a>, 1 km W of ford, Mahoenui Valley, NE of Awakino, 38°35′18.178″S, 174°46′45.267″E, F.M. Climo, 7 March 1977 ; M.056801, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.74805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.58077" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.74805/lat -38.58077)">Mahoenui Valley</a>, Swiss Cheese Cave, upper entrance, NE of Awakino, 38°34′50.766″S, 174°44′52.962″E, F.M. Climo, 7 March 1977 ; M.070274, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.72795&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.422478" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.72795/lat -38.422478)">Moeatoa Track</a>, Moeatoa Forest, Herangi Range, N of Awakino, 38°25′20.917″S, 174°43′40.672″E, P.C. Mayhill, April 1981 ; M.099599, 3.5 km up <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.66048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.709175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.66048/lat -38.709175)">Mokau River</a>, E of Mokau, 38°42′33.033″S, 174°39′37.718″E, G.N. Park, 3 October 1986 ; M.168645, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.1563&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.61189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.1563/lat -37.61189)">Hakarimata Track</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.1563&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.61189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.1563/lat -37.61189)">Ngaruawahia</a>, NW of Hamilton, 37°38′44.855″S, 175°07′40.360″E, P.C. Mayhill, 1982; M.078726, Hakarimata Track, Ngaruawahia, NW of Hamilton, 37°36′42.802″S, 175°09′22.687″E, P.C. Mayhill, August 1982 ; M.078725, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.1563&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.61189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.1563/lat -37.61189)">Hakarimata Track</a>, Ngaruawahia, NW of Hamilton, 37°36′42.802″S, 175°09′22.687″E, P.C. Mayhill, August 1982 ; M.071650, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.18663&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.60318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.18663/lat -37.60318)">Taupiri</a> peak track, S of Huntly, 37°36′11.447″S, 175°11′11.840″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 30 January 1978 ; M.192453, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.07199&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.28139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.07199/lat -38.28139)">Cannibal Gully</a>, NW of Te Kuiti, 38°16′53.015″S, 175°04′19.152″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1986 ; M.077478, M.077550, M.077613, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.10455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.261852" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.10455/lat -38.261852)">Waitomo</a>, 38°15′42.675″S, 175°06′16.385″E, F.M. Climo, 18 February 1981 ; M.194490, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.83386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.27029" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.83386/lat -37.27029)">Wharekirauponga Stream Track</a>, SW of Whangamata, 37°16′13.048″S, 175°50′01.905″E, P.C. Mayhill, December 1979 ; M.058234, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.59811&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.148045" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.59811/lat -37.148045)">Kauaeranga Valley</a>, E of Thames, 37°08′52.956″S, 175°35′53.217″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 5 November 1977 ; M.103497, trackside <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.72614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.520008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.72614/lat -37.520008)">NE of Te Aroha</a>, 37°31′12.032″S, 175°43′34.111″E, D.J. Roscoe, 15 April 1979 ; M.068058, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.73448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.3492" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.73448/lat -38.3492)">Maraetai Dam</a>, NE of Mangakino, 38°20′57.123″S, 175°44′04.101″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 17 August 1980 ; M.082176, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.9423&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.854218" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.9423/lat -38.854218)">MotutaikoIsland</a>, LakeTaupo, 38°51′15.188″S, 175°56′32.312″E, P.C. Mayhill, January 1981 ; M.036738, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.08849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.511364" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.08849/lat -38.511364)">Motutaiko Island</a>, Lake Taupo, 38°51′18.322″S, 175°56′36.595″E, A.C. O’Connor, 1951; M.196115, off Tutukau Road, N of Wairakei, 38°30′40.912″S, 176°05′18.581″E, P.C. Mayhill, November 1985 ; Bay of Plenty: M.085858, harbour side, Mount Maunganui, B.G. McFadgen, 11 March 1984 ; M.085984, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.04588&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.637974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.04588/lat -37.637974)">Omokoroa Beach</a>, NW of Tauranga, 37°38′16.704″S, 176°02′45.162″E, B.G. McFadgen, 17 January 1985 ; M.086225, N of Pokopoko, SE of Te Puke, 37°52′54.683″S, 176°24′28.511″E, B.G. McFadgen, 1984; M.086083, 2.5 km ENE of Kaitemako, SE of Tauranga, 37°44′32.017″S, 176°13′10.356″E, B.G. McFadgen, 1984; M.086080, SE of Tauranga, 37°44′09.324″S, 176°13′09.325″E, B.G. McFadgen, 1984; M.086226, S of Tauranga Airport, Mount Maunganui, 37°41′08.949″S, 176°12′20.297″E, B.G. McFadgen, 1984; M.085858, harbour side, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.20563&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.68582" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.20563/lat -37.68582)">Mount Maunganui</a>, B.G. McFadgen, 11 March 1984 ; M.197020, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.42204&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.079807" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.42204/lat -38.079807)">Tarawhai Track</a>, off Lake Okataina Road, 38°04′47.304″S, 176°25′19.312″E, P.C. Mayhill, August 1997 ; M.196343, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.69614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.675365" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.69614/lat -38.675365)">River Road</a>, SW of Minginui, S of Murupara, 38°40′31.316″S, 176°41′46.114″E, P.C. Mayhill, November 1979 ; M.170630, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.737&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.60009" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.737/lat -38.60009)">Whaiti Road</a>, N of Minginui, S of Murupara, 38°36′00.336″S, 176°44′13.170″E, P.C. Mayhill, April 1977 ; M.195486, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.70357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.64176" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.70357/lat -38.64176)">Minginui</a> Cathedral, W of Minginui, S of Murupara, 38°38′30.341″S, 176°42′12.850″E, P.C. Mayhill, April 1984 ; M.196302, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.70274&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.691383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.70274/lat -38.691383)">Whirinaki Track</a>, SW of Minginui, S of Murupara, 38°41′28.976″S, 176°42′09.866″E, P.C. Mayhill, September 1984 ; M.056572, beside <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.00087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.511784" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.00087/lat -38.511784)">Tawhiwhi-Takurua Track</a> at crossing of Mangatawhero Stream, tributary of Whakatane River, E of Murupara, 38°30′42.425″S, 177°00′03.122″E, J.F. Goulstone, May 1977 ; M.186810 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.3109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.08109" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.3109/lat -38.08109)">Waioeka-Opotiki Domain</a>, S of Opotiki, 38°04′51.930″S, 177°18′39.217″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1991 ; M.103702, S end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.99496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.961857" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.99496/lat -37.961857)">Mokoroa Reserve</a>, Whakatane, 37°57′42.681″S, 176°59′41.843″E, D.J. Roscoe, 21 December 1979 ; M.104550, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.1456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.044846" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.1456/lat -38.044846)">Kutarere</a>, Ohiwa Harbour, SE of Whakatane, 38°02′41.441″S, 177°08′44.168″E, D.J. Roscoe, 10 July 1978 ; M.082502, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.17789&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.16723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.17789/lat -38.16723)">Waiotahi River valley</a>, SE of Waimana, 38°10′02.020″S, 177°10′40.394″E, L.J. Daniel, January 1985 , M.189102, E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.01831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.95201" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.01831/lat -37.95201)">Whakatane</a>, Otarawairere Reserve, 37°57′07.242″S, 177°01′05.960″E, B.A. Marshall and N.J. Peterson, 29 January 2005 ; M.175978, Motuhora (Whale) Island, 37°51′03.449″S, 176°58′05.750″E, P.C. Mayhill, March 1995; M.196187, Bay of Plenty, Motuhora (Whale) Island, 37°51′18.649″S, 176°58′35.261″E, P.C. Mayhill, March 1995; M.175995, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.02173&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.951893" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.02173/lat -37.951893)">Coastal Reserve</a>, Otarawairere Bay, Ohope Beach, 37°57′06.807″S, 177°01′18.237″E, P.C. Mayhill, August 1979 ; M.196040, WhitePineReserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.94649&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.012253" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.94649/lat -38.012253)">SofWhakatane</a>, 38°00′44.111″S, 176°56′47.376″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1993 ; M.186895, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.03273&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.96503" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.03273/lat -37.96503)">Ohope ScenicReserve</a>, OhopeBeach, 37°57′54.106″S, 177°01′57.820″E, P.C. Mayhill, August 1979 ; M.196022, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.31323&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.081905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.31323/lat -38.081905)">Waioeka-Opotiki Domain</a>, S of Opotiki, 38°04′54.859″S, 177°18′47.611″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1986 ; M.285866, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.61668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.203518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.61668/lat -38.203518)">Motu Falls</a> Road, NE of Motu, 38°12′12.660″S, 177°37′00.063″E, D.J. Roscoe, 16 March 1974 ; M.057535, NE of Opotiki, N side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.55223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.232265" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.55223/lat -38.232265)">Motu River</a> near mouth, 37°51′04.704″S, 177°36′14.999″E, J.F. Goulstone, 1977; M.195645, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.55223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.232265" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.55223/lat -38.232265)">Whinray Scenic Reserve</a>, N of Motu, SE of Opotiki, 38°13′56.157″S, 177°33′08.004″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1991 ; M.103645, SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.63109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.862843" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.63109/lat -37.862843)">Te Kaha</a>, Motu River, E bank by bridge, 37°51′46.237″S, 177°37′51.889″E, D.J. Roscoe, 28 December 1979 ; M.195310, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.61967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.862404" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.61967/lat -37.862404)">Motu River</a> Track South No. 3, SW of Te Kaha, 37°51′44.659″S, 177°37′10.824″E, P.C. Mayhill, December 1980 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.79398&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.98371" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.79398/lat -38.98371)">Gisborne</a>: M.195275, Morere Springs, NE of Nuhaka, SW of Gisborne, 38°59′01.364″S, 177°47′38.311″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1981 ; M.061837, NNW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.95694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.574482" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.95694/lat -38.574482)">Gisborne</a>, Waihirere farm, 38°34′28.145″S, 177°57′24.975″E, N. Kapita, 26 October 1976 ; M.078174, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.16794&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.14292" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.16794/lat -38.14292)">Mata Road</a>, W of Tokomaru Bay, 38°08′34.517″S, 178°10′04.586″E, F.M. Climo, 14 May 1983 ; M.078124, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.06984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.85588" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.06984/lat -37.85588)">Gate Station</a>, Hikurangi, W of Ruatoria, 37°51′21.171″S, 178°04′11.452″E, F.M. Climo, 12 May 1983 ; M.078240, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.09575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.852016" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.09575/lat -37.852016)">Ohinepoutea Station</a>, Hikurangi, W of Ruatoria, 37°51′07.268″S, 178°05′44.689″E, F.M. Climo, 12 May 1983 ; M.078020, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.18544&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.132202" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.18544/lat -38.132202)">Mata Road</a>, W of Tokomaru Bay, 38°07′55.934″S, 178°11′07.589″E, F.M. Climo, 14 May 1983 ; M.078071, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.23901&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.208267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.23901/lat -38.208267)">Waiau Road</a>, WSW of Tokomaru Bay, 38°12′29.753″S, 178°14′20.423″E, F.M. Climo, 16 May 1983 ; M.078211, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.05168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.082253" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.05168/lat -38.082253)">Mata River</a>, Tokomaru Bay, 38°04′56.111″S, 178°03′06.042″E, F.M. Climo, 14 May 1983 ; M.085071, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.90634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.8554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.90634/lat -38.8554)">Whareongaonga Bay</a>, S of Gisborne, 38°51′19.442″S, 177°54′22.856″E, L.J. Daniel, 20 December 1985 ; M.055656, bush remnant above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.87468&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.113815" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.87468/lat -39.113815)">Te</a> Hoe, W of Kinikini Road, S of Mahia Beach, Mahia Peninsula, 39°06′49.739″S, 177°52′28.822″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 5 March 1977 ; M.195814, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.9573&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.59612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.9573/lat -38.59612)">Grays Bush Scenic Reserve</a>, NW of Gisborne, 38°35′46.033″S, 177°57′26.300″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1981 ; M.195881, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.95851&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.59697" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.95851/lat -38.59697)">Grays Bush Scenic Reserve</a>, NW of Gisborne, 38°35′49.092″S, 177°57′30.653″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1981 ; M.076363, bush at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.54651&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.69111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.54651/lat -37.69111)">East Cape</a> lighthouse, 37°41′27.986″S, 178°32′47.422″E, L.J. Daniel, January 1985 ; M.085126, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.2874&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.259277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.2874/lat -38.259277)">Anaura Bay</a>, NE of Gisborne, 38°15′33.400″S, 178°17′14.608″E, S.A. Middlemiss, 14 January 1986 ; M.085142, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.30585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.245792" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.30585/lat -38.245792)">Anaura Bay</a>, NE of Gisborne, 38°14′44.851″S, 178°18′21.027″E, S.A. Middlemiss, 6 January 1986 ; M.085168, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.29538&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.24357" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.29538/lat -38.24357)">Anaura Bay</a>, NE of Gisborne, 38°14′36.849″S, 178°17′43.361″E, S.A. Middlemiss, 13 January 1986 ; M.085076, S of Anaura Bay, NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.29477&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.281494" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.29477/lat -38.281494)">Gisborne</a>, 38°16′53.383″S, 178°17′41.154″E, S.A. Middlemiss, 10 January 1986 ; M.085196, SW of Anaura Bay, NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.28316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.279324" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.28316/lat -38.279324)">Gisborne</a>, 38°16′45.567″S, 178°16′59.364″E, S.A. Middlemiss, 7 January 1986 ; M.085154, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.32805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.282658" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.32805/lat -38.282658)">Marau Point</a>, S of Anaura Bay, NE of Gisborne, 38°16′57.574″S, 178°19′40.979″E, S.A. Middlemiss, 10 January 1986 ; M.078089, near TV translator, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.31235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.14894" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.31235/lat -38.14894)">Tokomaru Bay</a>, NE of Gisborne, 38°08′56.181″S, 178°18′44.457″E, F.M. Climo, 18 May 1983 ; M.104124, SE of Te Araroa, S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.48843&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.733627" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.48843/lat -37.733627)">Haha Station</a>, Rangitukia East Cape Road, 37°44′01.058″S, 178°29′18.324″E, D.J. Roscoe, 8 July 1978 ; M.078043, near road junction, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.34427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.674603" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.34427/lat -37.674603)">Kopuapounamu Valley</a>, S of Te Araroa, 37°40′28.565″S, 178°20′39.381″E, F.M. Climo, 19 May 1983 , M.078328; E side <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.31401&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.602924" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.31401/lat -37.602924)">Haupara Point</a>, Hicks Bay, 37°36′10.530″S, 178°18′50.405″E, F.M. Climo, 19 May 1983 ; M.077966, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.5487&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.690098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.5487/lat -37.690098)">Otiki Reserve</a>, East Cape lighthouse, 37°41′24.353″S, 178°32′55.319″E, F.M. Climo, 19 May 1983 ; M.077978, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.54659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.69201" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.54659/lat -37.69201)">Otiki Reserve</a>, East Cape lighthouse, 37°41′31.223″S, 178°32′47.672″E, F.M. Climo, 19 May 1983 ; M.076390, bush at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.54651&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.69111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.54651/lat -37.69111)">East Cape</a> lighthouse, 37°41′27.986″S, 178°32′47.422″E, L.J. Daniel, January 1985 ; M.078152, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.47998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.652813" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.47998/lat -37.652813)">Pakuraiti</a>, NW of East Cape, 37°39′10.122″S, 178°28′47.972″E, F.M. Climo, 19 May 1983 ; M.078302, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.35028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.709515" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.35028/lat -37.709515)">Mangamauku Stream</a>, S of Te Araroa, 37°42′34.248″S, 178°21′00.990″E, F.M. Climo, 19 May 1983 ; M.028835, bush remnant <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.33269&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.62551" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.33269/lat -37.62551)">4.8 km NNW of Te Araroa</a>, W side of road, 37°37′31.847″S, 178°19′57.673″E, D.E. Hurley, January 1951 ; M.186457, coast <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.38403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.62941" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.38403/lat -37.62941)">E of Te Araroa</a>, 37°37′45.887″S, 178°23′02.523″E, P.C. Mayhill, December 1980 ; M.077991, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.54659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.69201" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.54659/lat -37.69201)">Otiki Reserve</a>, East Cape lighthouse, 37°41′31.223″S, 178°32′47.672″E, F.M. Climo, 19 May 1983 ; M.080069, S of Tokomaru Bay, NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.27681&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.209236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.27681/lat -38.209236)">Gisborne</a>, 38°12′33.246″S, 178°16′36.539″E, L.J. Daniel, 13 August 1984 ; M.078861, TV translator access road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.3108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.143597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.3108/lat -38.143597)">Tokomaru Bay</a>, NE of Gisborne, 38°08′36.948″S, 178°18′38.911″E, F.M. Climo, 18 May 1983 ; M.087695, Motu-o-Roi Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.33702&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.249756" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.33702/lat -38.249756)">Anaura Bay</a>, NE of Gisborne, 38°14′59.125″S, 178°20′13.312″E, L.J. Daniel, 14 March 1986 ; M.078373, near junction of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.28409&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.152958" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.28409/lat -38.152958)">Mata Road</a> and main highway, Tokomaru Bay, NE of Gisborne, 38°09′10.639″S, 178°17′02.687″E, F.M. Climo, 16 May 1983 ; M.175°652, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.29123&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.233837" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.29123/lat -38.233837)">Anaura Bay</a>, NE of Gisborne, 38°14′01.808″S, 178°17′28.401″E, P.C. Mayhill, June 1987 ; M.186476, roadside bush N side <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.29109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.5688" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.29109/lat -37.5688)">Hicks Bay</a>, 37°34′07.684″S, 178°17′27.884″E, P.C. Mayhill, March 1993 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.94234&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.15194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.94234/lat -39.15194)">Taranaki</a>: M.079589, Lucy’s Gully, Kaitake Range, SW of New Plymouth, 39°09′06.97″S, 173°56′32.400″E, P.C. Mayhill, August 1982 ; M.125603, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.09555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.32258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.09555/lat -39.32258)">Egmont National Park</a>, Kapuni Track, 39°19′21.292″S, 174°05′43.977″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1995 ; M.168697, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.09555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.32258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.09555/lat -39.32258)">Egmont National Park</a>, Kapuni Track, 39°19′21.292″S, 174°05′43.977″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1995 ; M.187787; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.06633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.891907" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.06633/lat -39.891907)">Whanganui-Manawatū</a>: M.032936, Aramoho, Wanganui, 39°53′30.858″S, 175°03′58.787″E, A.C. O’Connor, 28 July 1938 ; M.088483, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.09976&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.913822" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.09976/lat -39.913822)">Wanganui</a>, Wanganui East, Gordons Park Road, Gordon Reserve, 39°54′49.755″S, 175°05′59.140″E, P.R. Jamieson, 5 July 1974 ; M.286822, NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.22116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.976402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.22116/lat -39.976402)">Wanganui</a>, Otoko, beside SH4, 39°58′35.042″S, 175°13′16.189″E, D.J. Roscoe, 14 June 2003 ; M.071585, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.53334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.961815" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.53334/lat -39.961815)">Old Parapara Road</a>, NE of Wanganui, gully behind shearer’s quarters, Anderson’s farm, 39°57′42.525″S, 175°32′00.025″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 27 April 1980 ; M.104064, 2.4 km along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.18892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.812126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.18892/lat -39.812126)">Whanganui River</a> road, NE of Wanganui, 39°48′43.662″S, 175°11′20.097″E, D.J. Roscoe, 2 July 1978 ; M.069290, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.52281&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.962044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.52281/lat -39.962044)">Bruce Park</a>, Silverhope, SW of Hunterville, 39°57′43.361″S, 175°31′22.115″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 17 September 1978 ; M.300520, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.52281&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.962044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.52281/lat -39.962044)">Bruce Park</a>, Silverhope, SW of Hunterville, 39°57′43.361″S, 175°31′22.115″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 12 November 1978 ; M.063424, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.52281&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.962044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.52281/lat -39.962044)">Bruce Park</a>, Silverhope, SW of Hunterville, 39°57′43.361″S, 175°31′22.115″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 12 November 1978 ; M.046683, 500 m NW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.21913&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-40.057533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.21913/lat -40.057533)">Turakina River</a> bridge, N of Turakina, SE of Wanganui, 40°03′27.120″S, 175°13′08.896″E, D.J. Roscoe, 22 October 1966 ; M.057157, beside <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.33585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.939877" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.33585/lat -39.939877)">Old Parapara Road</a>, NE of Wanganui, 39°56′23.556″S, 175°20′09.078″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 28 May 1977 ; M.192913, beside <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.19109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.64865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.19109/lat -38.64865)">Tapuiwahine Road</a>, N of Ongarue, N of Taumaranui, 38°38′55.139″S, 175°11′27.908″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1978 ; M.085344, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.59514&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.985664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.59514/lat -39.985664)">Rahui Reserve</a>, Putorino, SW of Mangaweka, 39°59′08.385″S, 175°35′42.525″E, P.C. Mayhill, October 1985 ; M.101777, 1 km along track from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.61755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-40.475334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.61755/lat -40.475334)">Kahuterawa Road</a> bridge, S of Palmerston North, 40°28′31.205″S, 175°37′03.205″E, D.J. Roscoe, 3 December 1977 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.52692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.96925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.52692/lat -38.96925)">Hawke’s Bay</a>: M.170904, Waipunga Reserve, SE of Taupo, 38°58′09.294″S, 176°31′36.917″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1982 ; M.175728, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.87955&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.28694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.87955/lat -39.28694)">White Pine Reserve</a>, Tangoio Forest, N of Napier, 39°17′12.989″S, 176°52′46.367″E, P.C. Mayhill, October 1982 ; M.114863, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.87955&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.28694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.87955/lat -39.28694)">White Pine Reserve</a>, Tangoio Forest, N of Napier, 39°17′12.989″S, 176°52′46.367″E, K. Mahlfeld, 24 July 1992 ; M.189067, E-facing slope, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.71791&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.891922" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.71791/lat -37.891922)">Ohinekoao Scenic Reserve</a>, W of Matata,NW of Edgecumbe, 37°53′30.914″S, 176°43′04.481″E, B.A. Marshall and N.J. Peterson, 28 January 2005 ; M.104307, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.53212&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.98081" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.53212/lat -38.98081)">Okoeke Stream</a>, Waipunga River, SE of Taupo, 38°58′50.910″S, 176°31′55.659″E, D.J. Roscoe, 14 April 1978 ; M.046662, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.88277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.282326" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.88277/lat -39.282326)">White Pine Scenic Reserve</a>, NNW of Tangoio, N of Napier, 39°16′56.367″S, 176°52′57.967″E, D.J. Roscoe, 4 February 1968 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.76509&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.437023" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.76509/lat -39.437023)">Patullo’s Bush</a>, Seafield Road, Napier, 39°26′13.279″S, 176°45′54.302″E, M. Lusk, 18 September 2024 (Open Lab collection) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=176.84674&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.33297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 176.84674/lat -39.33297)">Fisher’s Bush</a>, Pakuratahi Road, 39°19′58.692″S, 176°50′48.307″E, M. Lusk, 23 August 2024 (Open Lab collection) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.41774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.346302" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.41774/lat -41.346302)">Wairarapa</a>: M.076876, 1.4 km SW of ClayCreek – Haurangiroadsintersection,SSWofMartinborough, 41°20′46.689″S, 175°25′03.848″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 18 December 1982 .</p><p>Description: Shell as described by Climo (1970).</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: As described and illustrated by Goulstone and Mayhill (1998) and in Figure 6.</p><p>Remarks: The genus Climocella was introduced by Goulstone in 1996. Goulstone and Mayhill (1998: 282) mentioned that Charopa (Mocella) accelerata Climo, 1970 was previously assigned to Climocella, but Goulstone (1996) never introduced that particular name combination (cf.MolluscaBase). Goulstone and Mayhill (1998: 273) transferred Charopa (Mocella) accelerata Climo, 1970 to Flammocharopa Climo, 1970 . We agree with Goulstone and Mayhill (1998: 284) that the species does not belong in Climocella . Anatomically S. accelerata is close to NZ Sinployea and Calymna species (Figs 4–6) but shares the sparse protoconch lirae with Sinployea . Shells of Calymna species have an embryonic sculpture of spiral corrugations. Figure 17 depicts the similar protoconch sculptures of sparse lirae of S. accelerata and Climocella prestoni, but axials never appear on the protoconch of Sinployea species as observed in Climocella .</p><p>Kerry Walton, Te Papa, suggested that a specimen registered as NMNZ M.046683 could be the lost holotype of S. accelerata, which would invalidate the neotype selection, NMNZ M.137192, Goulstone and Mayhill (1998: 284). However, there is not enough information in the original publication to ascertain whether the specimen from near Turakina (NMNZ M.046683), which is not marked as type material, is indeed the missing holotype, because the original publication does not provide an illustration .</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand, North Island (except furthest north).</p><p>Ecology: Sinployea accelerata is found in mature forests or remnants, usually associated with bark crevices under fallen rotting logs (Goustone and Mayhill 1998: 284).</p><p>Conservation status: We recommend listing this species as ‘Not Threatened’. Additional Northland localities not shown by Goulstone and Mayhill (1998: 284, fig. 6) are mapped in Figure 16.</p><p>Northern NZ loosely coiled Sinployea species Thisgroupincludes Sinployeasolemi, Sinployeahaupatoto, Sinployea ohinepoutea, Sinployea mangamuka, Sinployea waipoua, Sinployea kaipara, Sinployea karangahake, Sinployea imperforata, Sinployea hikurangi, S. capensis, and S. accelerata (Figs 16, 43, 44). Sinployea solemi and S. karangahake from northernmost and eastern Northland locations are species with flammulated to zigzag colour patterns and more coarsely ribbed shells. Both species adjoin the distributions of species with chiefly brown shell colour patterns and fine teleoconch ribbing, S. haupatoto, S. waipoua, S. kaipara, and southern NZ S. fiordlandica . Sinployea imperforata and S. ohinepoutea are intermediate with regard to geography and morphology. Sinployea species with unicoloured shells occur from Whangarei to Wellington, North Island and southeast of Nelson and Invercargill, South Island. The North and South Island localities would have been geographically closer pre-Alpine Fault displacement, as is discussed in the biogeography section (Fig. 45). The species with unicoloured shells form a central core, with the colour-patterned species distributed around the periphery. They include S. accelerata, S. hikurangi, S. capensis, S. maitai, and S. australis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A39677D15E984B6E2EE6D51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A06674A15218673E27068D9.text	03AB87FA1A06674A15218673E27068D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea australis Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea australis Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 11, 16, 33C, 36, 45)</p><p>Korukoura ‘australis’ McGuinness 2001: 604; Hitchmough 2002: 125.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 30 (NMNZ M.078966) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 85; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, South Island: NMNZ M.078966, holotype (Figs 33C, 36), Southland, Invercargill ,</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=168.36148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.383217" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 168.36148/lat -46.383217)">Waihopai Reserve</a>, 46°22′59.593″S, 168°21′41.336″E, C. Broomfield, April–May 1983 .</p><p>Other material examined: Known only from holotype.</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 2 mm wide and 1.09 mm high at approximately three whorls, moderately finely ribbed, loosely coiled, narrowly umbilicate, and low spired. Shell of translucent whitish colour, spire broadly convex. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent, 534 μm wide; sculpture consisting of five thin, crisp, widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of 1.75 rapidly expanding, convex whorls, slightly flattened ab- and adaxially. Sculpture consisting of numerous calcareous, thin, primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with even finer secondary axials, about five axials per interspace. Primary axials crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, often worn off (78 axials on first teleoconch whorl). Umbilicus 510 μm wide (D/U 3.92); spirals prominent around umbilical well. Suture deep. Aperture obliquely oval, 891 μm high; columella short and a little curved and reflected, lip simple.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: From Latin australis, southern, in reference to the southern distribution of the species.</p><p>Distribution: South Island, Southland, Invercargill.</p><p>Ecology: Temperate floodplain podocarp forest?</p><p>Related species: The combination of finely ribbed shell with a relatively wide umbilicus for the NZ Sinployea species and pale buff shell colour distinguishes S. australis from the other colour-patterned and unicoloured shell species. Two unicoloured species occur in the South Island: S. australis and S. maitai (Richmond Range, SE Nelson). The other unicoloured white, golden, and brown species occur in the North Island: S. capensis (Cape Kidnappers), S. hikurangi (Mount Hikurangi and Tokomaru Bay, East Cape; Ngamoko Trig at Waikaremoana, and Tairua on the Coromandel Peninsula), and S. accelerata (widespread).</p><p>Conservation status: Sinployea australis might have become extinct since it was last collected in the 1980s in Thomsons Bush, Invercargill. Repeated sampling in bush reserves in and around Invercargill has failed to rediscover this species. Collections have been made in Thomsons Bush and other localities nearby by F.J. Brook (2013), K.M. (September 2016 and November 2020), and N. Peterson (November 2020 and February 2021) without re-collecting S. australis . More than 50 samples have been taken from the area in the last decade and have failed to detect this species. We therefore propose that the species be presumed extinct. Figure 2 shows the numbers of Southland collection events that have been made, and none of these detected S. australis . It is possible that major weather events, hydrological habitat changes, and weed spraying in the intervening decades might have destroyed snail colonies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A06674A15218673E27068D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A056756152780A0E2546EAF.text	03AB87FA1A056756152780A0E2546EAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea canaliculata Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea canaliculata Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 37A, 38, 45) Vicariodiscus ‘canaliculatus’ McGuinness 2001: 596; Hitchmough 2002: 130.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 49 (NMNZ M.113791) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 83; Spencer et al. 2009: 213; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=168.77464&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.235203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 168.77464/lat -44.235203)">South Island</a>: CM 2021.85.1, holotype (Fig. 38), S Westland, bush edge at S end of the flats immediately upvalley from confluence of Donald and Waiatoto Rivers, 44°14′06.729″S, 168°46′28.714″E, I.J. Payton, 20–21 January 1973 ; NMNZ M.113791, paratype (Fig. 37A), Fiordland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.18787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.483406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.18787/lat -45.483406)">Stella Falls</a>, SE of Deep Cove, Doubtful Sound 45°29′00.256″S, 167°11′16.323″E, P.C. Mayhill, February 1985 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, South Island, Fiordland, NMNZ: M.082788, Stella Falls, Doubtful Sound, SE of Deep Cove, 45°29′00.256″S, 167°11′16.323″E, P.C. Mayhill, February 1985; M.085625, SW of Manapouri, Borland Saddle, 45°44′47.821″S, 167°23′11.600″E, P.C. Mayhill, February 1986; M.085027, WSW of Manapouri, Centre Pass, Dusky Track, 45°36′00.744″S, 167°08′33.399″E, P.C. Mayhill, February 1986; Otago: M.082985, NW of Queenstown, Routeburn Track, Key Summit, 44°48′42.095″S, 168°07′40.236″E, P.C. Mayhill, February 1985; M.116773, Double Barrel Track, 44°43′16.270″S, 168°16′14.409″E, P.C. Mayhill, January 1989; Westland: M.157314, W of Lake Moeraki, NE of Haast, Roadside, 43°43′24.068″S, 169°14′12.943″E, P.C. Mayhill, January 1992; M.113792, Waiatoto River Valley, near Donald Hut, 44°04′33.988″S, 168°51′34.938″E, O.J. Marston, 20 January 1973; SW of Westport, NE of Charleston, 40 m a.s.l., 41°53′03.230″S, 171°28′07.380″E, F.M. Climo, 23 December 1992. Sphagnum (Ehrh.) Hedw. under regrowth rimu ( Dacrydium cupressinum; record from research notes, not re-examined).</p><p>Description: Shell small, depressed subglobose, thin, and fragile, 1.7 mm wide and 0.98 mm high at 3.75 whorls, coarsely ribbed and moderately tightly coiled for the group. Spire broadly domed, 256 μm high, apex emergent. Umbilicus moderately wide, 609 μm in diameter (D/U ratio 2.79). Shell chiefly bronze brown, with a few narrow translucent white axial bands, which taper towards the umbilicus. Protoconch 507 μm wide, with 1.5 convex whorls, sculptured with seven to eight spiral lirae. Teleoconch of 1.75 steadily expanding, convex whorls with a round base. Sculpture consisting of sturdy, weakly protractive primary axials traversed by narrowly spaced fine spiral lirae. These spiral cords are about twice the width of secondary axials and form microscopic beads at the intersections with secondary axials, ~8–10 axials per interstitial space. Primary axials (~55 on first teleoconch whorl) have a narrow, rounded ridge, crested with a short periostracal lamella (usually worn off). Suture is channelled, and the sutural slope is steep. Aperture ~724 μm high, round, outer lip simple. Columella short, vertical, not reflected.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: From Latin canaliculatus, in reference to the shell character of channelled suture.</p><p>Distribution: South Island, Westland: NE of Charleston; near Lake Moeraki and Waiatoto Valley; NW Otago, Routeburn: Key Summit and Double Barrel Track; Fiordland: Stella Falls near Doubtful Sound; Borland Saddle and Centre Pass near Manapouri.</p><p>Ecology: Temperate beech ( Nothofagus) forest and in Sphagnum under regrowth rimu ( Dacrydium cupressinum).</p><p>Related species: Sinployea canaliculata is the only NZ Sinployea species with a canaliculate suture. Interestingly, other species of New Zealand land snails with canaliculate sutures occur predominantly in western South Island, e.g. species of Canallodiscus Marshall &amp; Barker, 2008, Ptychodon Ancey, 1888, and Huonodon Iredale, 1945 from Fiordland, Westland, and Nelson. Sinployea proxima is the only Polynesian species in the genus with a channelled suture.</p><p>Conservation status: This species was first collected by I. Payton and J. Marston from the Waiatoto Valley, S Westland in 1973. All the remaining records listed here are based on collections by P. Mayhill in the 1980s and one in 1992 from W of Lake Moeraki, near Haast, S Westland. One of the authors collected S. canaliculata from NE of Charleston, N Westland in 1992. We recommend continuing to rank S. canaliculata as ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers of ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’.</p><p>Sinployea charopiformis Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 37B, 39, 45) Vicariodiscus ‘charopiformis’ McGuinness 2001: 595; Hitchmough 2002: 130.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 48 (NMNZ M.025033) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 131; Spencer et al. 2009: 213; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.32605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.04465" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.32605/lat -45.04465)">South Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.32605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.04465" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.32605/lat -45.04465)">Fiordland</a>, Caswell Sound head, Stillwater River, 45°02′40.744″S, 167°19′33.804″E , R.K.</p><p>Dell, 13 March 1949, NMNZ: M.025033, holotype (Figs 37B, 39); M.113793, paratype.</p><p>Other material examined: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.32767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.11452" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.32767/lat -42.11452)">South Island</a>, Westland: Punakaiki, 42°06′52.286″S, 171°19′39.619″E, D.J. Roscoe, 14 May 1994 (Roscoe collection) .</p><p>Description: Shell small, depressed subglobose, thin, and fragile, 1.6 mm wide and 0.9 mm high at 3.5 whorls, coarsely ribbed and moderately tightly coiled for the group. Spire broadly domed, 233 μm high, apex only slightly emergent. Umbilicus moderately wide, 544 μm in diameter (D/U ratio 2.94). Shell chiefly bronze brown, with a few narrow translucent white axial bands, which taper towards the umbilicus. Protoconch 527 μm wide with 1.75 convex whorls, sculptured by spiral lirae but these not clear enough to be counted confidently. Teleoconch of 1.75 steadily expanding, convex whorls, with a round base. Sculpture consisting of sturdy primary axials traversed by narrowly spaced fine spiral lirae. These spiral cords about twice the width of secondary axials and forming microscopic beads at the intersections with secondary axials, ~8–10 axials per interstitial space. Primary axials (~62 on first teleoconch whorl) with a narrow, rounded ridge, crested with a short periostracal lamella but worn off. Suture deep and sutural slope relatively steep, as in S. waipoua, S. kaipara, S. haupatoto, and S. mangamuka . Aperture ~667 μm high, round, outer lip simple. Columella short and slightly oblique, not reflected.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: Named for its charopine-like shell architecture, sculpture, and shell colour pattern.</p><p>Distribution: South Island, N Westland and Fiordland.</p><p>Ecology: Temperate beech ( Nothofagus) forest.</p><p>Related species: Sinployea charopiformis has a more finely ribbed teleoconch, a smaller umbilical width, and a smaller embryonic shell than S. cresswelli, and it lacks the channelled suture of S. canaliculata .</p><p>Conservation status: This species is known from only two disjunct localities, 460 km apart, in N Westland (Punakaiki) and Fiordland (Stillwater River, Caswell Sound). Similar disjunct distributions involving Nelson /Westland and Fiordland have been documented before for terrestrial gastropods and many other animals and plants (Climo and Mahlfeld 2011, Heads 2017). The Fiordland area has not been surveyed very comprehensively for land snails (Fig. 2). However,&gt;140 sampling events in N Westland around Punakaiki (K 30 in Fig. 2), have produced one record (collected in 1994) of S. charopiformis . We are aware of only 21 collection events from the Caswell Sounds area in Fiordland (C 42 in Fig. 2), and only one sample collected by R.K. Dell in 1949 produced a record for the species. We recommend continuing with a ranking of ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers of ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’. The 2010 NZTCS assessment ranked S. charopiformis as ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, ‘Data Poor’, and ‘Biologically Sparse’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A056756152780A0E2546EAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A0C674C16F68733E76A6AB1.text	03AB87FA1A0C674C16F68733E76A6AB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea capensis Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea capensis Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 4, 11, 16, 27C, 31, 32, 44)</p><p>‘Korukoura meadsi’ McGuinness 2001: 604; Hitchmough 2002:125.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 34 (NMNZ M.151454) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 85; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, North Island, Hawke’s Bay, W of Cape Kidnappers, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.04095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.66922" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.04095/lat -39.66922)">Cape Sanctuary’</a>: MA73638, holotype (Fig. 31), 39°40′09.181″S, 177°02′27.397″E, K. Mahlfeld and T. Quinnell, 16 July 2020 ; MA73639 and NMNZ M.151454, paratypes, grasses in Knightia excelsior R.BR. grove, 39°39′35.080″S, 177°02′59.372″E, M.J. Meads, 11 July 1983 .</p><p>Other material examined: Known only from type material.</p><p>Description: Shell small, depressed subglobose, thin, and fragile, 1.87 mm wide and 937 μm high at three whorls, sparsely ribbed, loosely coiled with a silky sheen. Shell colour translucent off-white; spire flat and umbilicus narrow, about one-quarter of the maximal shell diameter (D/U ratio 5.35). Protoconch of nearly 1.5 convex whorls, 536 μm wide, sculptured with five to six widely spaced, thin, low spiral cords. Teleoconch of 1.5 rapidly expanding, convex whorls with a round base. Sculpture consisting of widely spaced, prominent primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately twice the width of secondary costae and forming microscopic beads at intersections with them, ~15 costellae per interstitial space. Each primary axial is crested with a long, filmy periostracal lamella that is slightly more extended outwards along the section of the axials of the whorl periphery. Suture deep. Aperture oblique, rotundly lunate, lip simple. Short columella reflected.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Ovotestis bilobed; lobes consisting of smaller lobules. Hermaphroditic duct swollen basally; prostate about twice as long as albumen gland; uterus about half as long as prostate; free oviduct terminates in a papilla-like structure at lower end of female genital tract. Vagina a simple tube of less than half the length of the free oviduct. Spermatheca obovate, on a slim, long stalk that is only slightly swollen at base. Vas deferens entering penis apically near the retractor muscle. Apical phallic lumen containing a free-hanging epiphallic papilla; lumen otherwise simple and devoid of pilasters. An appendage enters lumen immediately below epiphallic papilla; this blind duct is nearly as large as the upper part of the penis. Top half of the glandular structure tapering rapidly into a narrow papilla, which terminates about the midpoint of the entire appendage. Flagellum entering male lumen through a simple pore.</p><p>Etymology: Named after the Cape Sanctuary at Cape Kidnappers.</p><p>Distribution: Hawke’s Bay, ‘Cape Sanctuary’ reserve near Cape Kidnappers.</p><p>Ecology: Possibly rewarewa ( Knightia excelsior) and kanuka ( Kunzea ericoides R.Br.) forest litter and in moss.</p><p>Related species: The combination of emergent bulbous apex, compact squarish shell architecture, light brown to off-white shell colour, and a coarsely ribbed teleoconch with prominent axials, each crested by a filmy but conspicuous lamella, distinguishes this species from any of the other Sinployea species. The entrances of the glandular penial appendages are different in</p><p>Sinployea systematics and biogeography • 41 Calymna costulata and S. capensis; in the former there is a recess, and in the latter there is a papilla as in S. accelerata (Fig. 4). A juvenile shell from Motu River (NMNZ M.195396) is potentially another new, closely related species. The teleoconch spirals are much more widely spaced.</p><p>Conservation status: During a field trip in July 2020, we collected a total of 17 samples close to the site where we collected S. capensis, including sites with different microhabitats and forest canopy tree species. Only two samples, one from moss, under a kanuka canopy above a rewarewa patch, and one in kanuka litter a few metres from the other site, both at ~ 140 m a.s.l., produced specimens of this rare species. Sample sizes ranged from 2.5 to 5 L of leaf litter. Taking the entire area of the Cape Sanctuary reserve as an approximation of area of occupancy could lead to an overestimation of the real distribution of S. capensis . Three hundred and fifty-four samples made within a distance of 80 km from Cape Kidnappers, which represents collecting for the last 100 years, with the bulk of the sampling done within the last 50 years (Fig. 32), produced S. capensis except for the 1983 records. This information suggests that S. capensis is probably a local endemic restricted to the Cape Sanctuary. In order to determine its range within the Sanctuary, much more collecting is required from different habitat types and at different seasons. The Cape Sanctuary has a predator-proof fence, and pest control there is intensive, hence the habitat of this rare snail species is relatively secure. We recommend continuing to rank this species as ‘Threatened: Nationally Critical’, with the qualifier ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’.</p><p>Southern, tightly coiled species of Sinployea</p><p>This group includes Sinployea maitai, Sinployea canaliculata, Sinployea charopiformis, Sinployea cresswelli, Sinployea australis, and Sinployea fiordlandica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A0C674C16F68733E76A6AB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A19675716FC81D0E2DC6C82.text	03AB87FA1A19675716FC81D0E2DC6C82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea cresswelli Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea cresswelli Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 37C, 40, 45) Vicariodiscus ‘cresswelli’ McGuinness 2001: 596; Hitchmough 2002: 130.</p><p>Charopidae sp.47 (NMNZ M.113794) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 131; Spencer et al. 2009: 213; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, South Island, NMNZ: M.113794, holotype (Figs 37C, 40), Canterbury, NW of Hanmer Springs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.38919&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.379135" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.38919/lat -42.379135)">Lewis Pass</a>, bush edge, 42°22′44.890″S, 172°23′21.112″E, P.L. Cresswell, 17 January 1981 ; M.089001, paratype, Canterbury, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.55852&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.905502" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.55852/lat -42.905502)">Arthur’s Pass</a>, summit, 42°54′19.801″S, 171°33′30.679″E, P.R. Jamieson, 7 March 1976 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.23312&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.379593" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.23312/lat -42.379593)">South Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.23312&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.379593" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.23312/lat -42.379593)">Westland</a>: N of Greymouth, Rapahoe, 42°23′11.780″S, 171°13′14.827″E and 42°22′46.545″S, 171°13′59.266″E, F.M. Climo and K. Mahlfeld, 13 December 1994 (from our field notes but not re-examined) . Fox Range, rimu ( Dacrydium cupressinum) dominant, F.J. Brook, 28 December 2015. Fiordland: Dusky Sound, Anchor Island, K. Walker, June 2014 .</p><p>Description: Shell small, depressed subglobose, thin, and fragile, 1.9 mm wide and 1.09 mm high at 3.6 whorls, coarsely ribbed and moderately tightly coiled for the group.Spire broadly domed, 263 μm high, apex emergent. Umbilicus is moderately wide, 644 μm in diameter (D/U ratio 2.95). Shell is chiefly bronze brown, with a few narrow translucent white axial bands; the base of the shell is chiefly bronze brown. Protoconch 567 μm wide, with 1.5 convex whorls, sculptured by spiral lirae but not clear enough to be counted confidently. Teleoconch of two steadily expanding, convex whorls, with a round base (rim of aperture slightly broken). Sculpture consisting of weakly protractive, sturdy primary axials traversed by narrowly spaced fine spiral lirae. These spiral cords are about twice the width of the secondary axials and form microscopic beads at the intersections with secondary axials, ~8–11 axials per interstitial space. Primary axials (~44 on first teleoconch whorl) each with a narrow, rounded ridge, crested with a short periostracal lamella (often worn off). Suture deep, and sutural slope relatively steep. Aperture ~827 μm high, round, outer lip simple. Columella short and vertical, not reflected.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: Named after our friend and shell collector, Peter Cresswell of Motueka, who collected the type material.</p><p>Distribution: Sinployea cresswelli was first collected in the 1970s at Arthur’s Pass, Southern Alps, and it is also known from Lewis Pass, Canterbury, the northeastern range limit of the species, Westland, Rapahoe, and Fox Range and Anchor Island in Dusky Sound, SW Fiordland. Sinployea cresswelli, S. charopiformis, and S. canaliculata form a group of more tightly coiled species with a wider umbilicus that are allopatric and meet in mid-western Fiordland.</p><p>Ecology: Temperate beech ( Nothofagus) forest.</p><p>Related species: Sinployea cresswelli is the most tightly coiled and coarsely ribbed species of the southern South Island Sinployea species. Sinployea charopiformis and S. canaliculata have smaller protoconchs than S. cresswelli, and S. canaliculata shells are characterized by a channelled suture. Sinployea fiordlandica has a flat to slightly depressed spire and closely spaced teleoconch axials, and the S. australis shell is the most finely ribbed one with a weakly elevated spire. The latter two species also have more loosely coiled shells with a smaller umbilical diameter than the other three southern species. The sutural slope in S. cresswelli is relatively steep, as in S. fiordlandica, S. waipoua, and S. haupatoto, for example.</p><p>Conservation status: In total,&gt;300 collection events are recorded in the Te Papa holdings of land snails from the Paparoa Range area (J31, K29, K30, K31, K32, L29, and L 30 in Fig. 2), but S. cresswelli was collected only once in&gt;100 years of collecting. Twenty-five collection events are reported from the Lewis Pass area (map sheet L 31 in Fig. 2) and&gt;80 from Arthur’s Pass (map sheet K33). On current distribution records, this snail appears to be sparse. We recommend ranking S. cresswelli as ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’. The 2010 NZTCS assessment ranked S. cresswelli as ‘Insufficient information: Data Deficient’, with the qualifier ‘Biologically Sparse’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A19675716FC81D0E2DC6C82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A07674916EF867BE0586973.text	03AB87FA1A07674916EF867BE0586973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea fiordlandica Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea fiordlandica Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 33B, 35, 45) Sinployea ‘fiordlandica’ McGuinness 2001: 594; Hitchmough 2002: 130.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 29 (NMNZ M.081649) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 60; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, South Island, Fiordland, NMNZ: M.081649, holotype (Figs 33B, 35), Doubtful</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.13365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.47436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.13365/lat -45.47436)">Sound</a>, Mount Troup Ridge, 900 m a.s.l., 45°28′27.702″S, 167°08′01.132″E, P.C. Mayhill, February 1985 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.14261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.600204" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.14261/lat -45.600204)">South Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.14261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.600204" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.14261/lat -45.600204)">Fiordland</a>, NMNZ: M.085028, WSW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.14261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.600204" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.14261/lat -45.600204)">Manapouri</a>, Centre Pass, Dusky Track, 1100 m a.s.l., 45°36′00.744″S, 167°08′33.399″E, P.C. Mayhill, February 1986 .</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 2.1 mm wide and 950 μm high at three whorls, moderately finely ribbed, moderately tightly coiled, narrowly umbilicate and low spired. Shell coloured dorsally with brown flammulations covering most of the shell, base chiefly lighter coloured. Spire flat; protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent, 581 μm wide; sculpture consisting of seven to eight thin, crisp, widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of ~1.75 moderately rapidly expanding, convex whorls (aperture broken); slightly flattened ab- and adapically. Sculpture consisting of numerous calcareous, thin, primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with even finer secondary axials, about five axials per interspace. Primary axials crested with very fine periostracal lamella, often worn off (102 axials on first teleoconch whorl). Umbilicus 503 μm wide (D/U ratio 4.17); spirals prominent around umbilical</p><p>46 • Mahlfeld et al.</p><p>well. Suture deep. Aperture lunate; columella short, oblique, and reflected; lip simple.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: After Fiordland, southwestern South Island.</p><p>Distribution: South Island, Fiordland, Dusky and Doubtful Sounds.</p><p>Ecology: Temperate montane beech ( Nothofagus Blume) forest to subalpine shrublands?</p><p>Related species: The combination of finely ribbed shell, broad brown flammulations, a light-coloured shell base, a moderately open umbilicus, and a large protoconch distinguishes this from other NZ Sinployea species. Sinployea waipoua has similar fine ribbing and colour pattern to S. fiordlandica, but a smaller protoconch. Both species are closest in shell morphology to each other. Sinployea australis is not as finely ribbed and has unicoloured pale buff shells.</p><p>Conservation status: Only one sample was taken from Mount Troup in 1985, and since then no further survey has taken place in the area. Twenty-one samples are known from the Doubtful</p><p>Sound area, and two samples were taken from Centre Pass ,</p><p>Dusky Sound in 1986 and 1996. The collection sites are 15 km apart. Another 34 collection events have taken place in the Dusky Sound area based on Te Papa molluscs collection data. The high number of other collection events from Fiordland, Otago, and Southland (Fig. 2) indicate that S. fiordlandica is a Fiordland endemic. The species was ranked in the 2010 NZTCS assessment as ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’ (Mahlfeld et al. 2012). We recommend continuing with this threat ranking and adjusting the qualifiers to the new subcategories of ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A07674916EF867BE0586973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A326778155B86D8E6676A27.text	03AB87FA1A326778155B86D8E6676A27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea haupatoto Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea haupatoto Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 19B, 21, 44)</p><p>Flammocharopa n. sp. ‘a’ Goulstone et al. 1993: 8.</p><p>Sinployea ‘hazelwoodi’ McGuinness 2001: 595; Brook 2002: 99.</p><p>28 • Mahlfeld et al.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 105 (NMNZ M.077007) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 83; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.95052&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.463146" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.95052/lat -34.463146)">North Island</a>, Northland, SW of North Cape: NMNZ M.077007, holotype (Figs 19B, 21), Haupatoto, bush edge, 34°27′47.330″S, 172°57′01.870″E, C.C. Ogle and G. Carlin, 4 March 1985 .</p><p>Othermaterialexamined: NewZealand, NorthIsland, Northland, NMNZ: M.077030, SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.99405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.462147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.99405/lat -34.462147)">North Cape</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.99405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.462147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.99405/lat -34.462147)">Whareana Stream</a>, 34°27′43.723″S, 172°59′38.587″E, P. Anderson, G. Carlin, and C.C. Ogle, 5 March 1985 .</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 1.8 mm wide and 0.97 mm high at 2.5 whorls, finely ribbed, loosely coiled, narrowly umbilicate with spire hardly emergent. Colour brown with narrow irregular bands and small patches of white that originate near the suture and fade on the shell base, which is chiefly brown. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent, 443 μm wide, sculptured with six to seven thin spiral lirae. Teleoconch of 1.25 rapidly expanding, convex whorls, base slightly flattened. Sculpture consisting of numerous calcareous, thin, primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with even finer secondary axials, about three per interstitial space. Each primary axial is crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, which is often worn off; 74 axials on first teleoconch whorl. Suture deep. Aperture oblique, squarish; columella oblique and a little reflected; lip simple. Umbilicus 356 μm wide (D/U ratio 5.06).</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: Named after Haupatoto, SW of North Cape, Northland.</p><p>Notes: The following specimen lots were not rechecked but are potentially conspecific with S. haupatoto: New Zealand, North Island, Northland, NMNZ: W of North Cape: M.058111, NW of Unuwhao Trig, by <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.88622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.42721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.88622/lat -34.42721)">Waihi Stream</a>, 34°25′37.954″S, 172°53′10.387″E , D.J. Roscoe, 3 January 1976; M.079030, NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.89275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.429905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.89275/lat -34.429905)">Unuwhao Peak</a>, 200 m a.s.l., 34°25′47.651″S, 172°53′33.911″E , P.C. Mayhill, April 1983; M.087936, SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.88623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.43352" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.88623/lat -34.43352)">Unuwhao Forest</a>, 34°26′00.672″S, 172°53′10.442″E , C.C. Ogle et al., November 1986; Spirits Bay: M.058112, Waterfall Gully, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.87099&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.427235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.87099/lat -34.427235)">Waitanoni Stream</a>, 34°25′38.041″S, 172°52′15.555″E , D.J. Roscoe, 3 January 1976; SW of North Cape: M.077094, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.97127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.483837" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.97127/lat -34.483837)">Head of Panaki Swamp</a>, 34°29′01.807″S, 172°58′16.567″E , C.C. Ogle et al., 6 March 1985; M.079018, Whareana Bay, Placostylus colony, 34°27′17.681″S ,</p><p>Sinployea systematics and biogeography • 29 173°00′09.836″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1982; M.079652, W of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.8461&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.498486" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.8461/lat -34.498486)">Te Hapua</a>, 34°29′54.545″S, 172°50′45.970″E, G. Carlin, July 1984 ; M.115994, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.95052&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.463146" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.95052/lat -34.463146)">Haupatoto</a>, 34°27′47.330″S, 172°57′01.870″E, C.C. Ogle et al., 4 March 1985 .</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand, Northland, S of North Cape, Haupatoto, and Whareana.</p><p>Ecology: Subtropical coastal broadleaf forest–shrubland.</p><p>Related species: Sinployea haupatoto in the eastern part of the Cape Reinga–North Cape region is more finely ribbed than S. solemi in the western part of the same region; these are the northernmost Sinployea species. The shell of S. haupatoto is superficially similar to that of S. waipoua, but in S. haupatoto the spire protrusion is stronger, the sutural slope is steeper, and the dorsal whorl profile is more crimped before descending into the suture.</p><p>Conservation status: According to records in the Te Papa database, Haupatoto Bush has been sampled for land snails only a few times in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s. More than 370 samples from the surrounding area of NZ 260 map sheet N02 (Fig. 2) have been checked for occurrences of S. haupatoto for this assessment. This species is probably restricted to the Haupatoto–Whareana area, SW of North Cape. The 2010 NZTCS assessment ranked this species as ‘At Risk: Relict’, with the qualifier ‘Range Restricted’ (RR). A change to ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’ is suggested here, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A326778155B86D8E6676A27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A0D67431536818DE39269B3.text	03AB87FA1A0D67431536818DE39269B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea hikurangi Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea hikurangi Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 27B, 30, 44) Sinployea ‘Hikurangi’ McGuinness 2001: 594.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 106 (NMNZ M.076803) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 60; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.05746&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.90606" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.05746/lat -37.90606)">North Island</a>, East Cape, NMNZ: M.076803, holotype (Figs 27B, 30), Mount Hikurangi, 1300 m a.s.l., 37°54′21.802″S, 178°03′26.852″E, P.C. Mayhill, November 1980 ; E Hauraki Gulf, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.25009&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.584198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.25009/lat -36.584198)">Coromandel Peninsula</a>: paratype, M.076241, SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.25009&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.584198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.25009/lat -36.584198)">Whitianga</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.25009&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.584198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.25009/lat -36.584198)">Tairua</a>, Charlotte’s Farm, beside track to Tapuaetahi trig, 36°35′03.118″S, 175°15′00.335″E, P.C. Mayhill, April 1981 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, North Island, NMNZ: M.078851, East Coast, NE of Gisborne, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.914272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82983/lat -36.914272)">Tokomaru Bay</a>, TV translator access road, 38°08′36.948″S, 178°18′38.911″E, F.M. Climo, 18 May 1983; M.191196, Coromandel Peninsula, N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.914272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82983/lat -36.914272)">Tairua</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.914272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82983/lat -36.914272)">Cupps Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.914272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82983/lat -36.914272)">Wallace</a> farm, 36°54′51.378″S, 175°49′47.417″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1981; Hawke’s Bay: 5 km E of Lake Waikaremoana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.914272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82983/lat -36.914272)">Ngamoko Trig</a>, station 6, mainly large leaved beech litter, S. Elia (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.914272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82983/lat -36.914272)">Department of Conservation</a>), February 2015 (Open Lab collection) .</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 2.3 mm wide and 1.24 mm high at 3.4 whorls, coarsely ribbed, loosely coiled, narrowly umbilicate. Spire broadly flat, hardly elevated. Shells are uniformly light bronze. Protoconch of 1.2 convex whorls, translucent, 494 μm wide, sculptured with five to six thin, widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of 2.2 rapidly expanding, convex whorls, base slightly flattened. Sculpture consisting of relatively widely spaced primary axials (~37 on first postnuclear whorl). Axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with secondary axials, ~10 axials per interspace. Primary axials crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, often worn off. Umbilicus moderately wide, 541 μm wide (D/U ratio 4.25); columella only slightly reflected. Aperture (975 μm high) obliquely lunate, columella subangled; lip simple. Suture deep.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: Named after Mount Hikurangi, Raukumara Range, East Cape.</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand, North Island: Eastern Coromandel Peninsula, eastern Bay of Plenty, East Coast and northern Hawke’sBay.</p><p>Ecology: Subtropical coastal to montane broadleaf forest.</p><p>Related species: Sinployea hikurangi is most similar to S. accelerata, but the shells of the latter species are unicoloured pale buff. Sinployea capensis snails have more coarsely ribbed teleoconchs and are unicoloured pale buff.</p><p>Conservation status: Sinployea hikurangi is known from Tairua, Coromandel, and the Raukumara and Ngamoko Ranges. The East Coast ranges have not been widely collected because of the steep terrain and difficult access. However, considering the mostly allopatric distributions of the other Sinployea species, it is likely that S. hikurangi is a Coromandel Peninsula–East Coast endemic. The 2010 NZTCS assessment ranked this species as ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’. No change is required except for modifying the qualifiers to ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A0D67431536818DE39269B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A356745153C83F7E1826A13.text	03AB87FA1A356745153C83F7E1826A13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea kaipara Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea kaipara Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 23B, 25, 44)</p><p>Sinployea ‘Kaukapakapa’ McGuinness 2001: 594; Hitchmough 2002: 130.</p><p>Charopidae sp.26 (NMNZ M.082966) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 128; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 36 (NMNZ M.075729) Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, North Island, Northland, NMNZ: M.082966, holotype (Figs 23B, 25), Kaipara Harbour, Okahukura Peninsula, beside Burma Road, 36°21′48.549″S, 174°19′53.443″, P.C. Mayhill, September 1985 ; paratype, M.075729, Kaipara Flats, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.33597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.363426" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.33597/lat -36.363426)">Thomson Kauri Grove Scenic Reserve</a>, 36°21′48.341″S, 174°20′09.485″E, B.F. Hazelwood, 28 September 1983 .</p><p>Other material: Known only from type material.</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 2.2 mm wide and 1.22 mm high at three whorls, moderately finely ribbed, loosely coiled, narrowly umbilicate and low spired (spire 250 μm high). Colour pattern of relatively broad, brown axial colour bands on whitish translucent background, colour bands forming zigzags along shell periphery and merging into a large patch on shell base. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent, 556 μm wide, sculptured with five to six thin, crisp, widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of 1.75 rapidly expanding, convex whorls, base slightly flattened. Sculpture consisting of relatively narrowly spaced primary axials (~67 on first postnuclear whorl). Axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with secondary axials, about five axials per interspace. Each primary axial crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, often worn off. Umbilicus is moderately narrow, 494 μm wide (D/U ratio 4.45); partly covered by reflected columella. Aperture (975 μm high) obliquely round, slightly more angular towards columella and laterally expanded, lip simple. Suture deep.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: After Kaipara district, north of Auckland.</p><p>Distribution: Sinployea kaipara is known only from two sites north of Auckland, which are ~ 20 km apart. Considering the distributions of the other Sinployea species in the Northland and Auckland area, it is likely that S. kaipara is restricted to the Kaipara area.</p><p>Ecology: Sinployea kaipara is known only from forests dominated by kauri ( Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl. ex Loudon).</p><p>Related species: The combination of a finely ribbed shell with large brown flammulations and brown base is also found in S. waipoua (larger protoconch) and S. haupatoto . Sinployea solemi and S. haupatoto have smaller protoconchs and umbilical diameters and greater whorl expansion than S. kaipara . The more ‘blocky’ colour pattern of S. kaipara is similar to that of Calymna costulata .</p><p>Conservation status: North Island collections of land snails are shown in Figure 2; only two of those have produced shells of S. kaipara . The species has not been re-collected since the mid-1980s. A collecting trip made by K.M. and D.J.R. in kauri forest near Kaukapakapa in September 2015 was not successful in detecting this species. There is no information available on population size or trend. Most northern NZ Sinployea species occur in very low numbers and are rarely collected, and it appears that this species occurs in low numbers at few localities in the Kaipara area. Any impact of the current kauri dieback (caused by Phytophthora agathidicida) on land snail diversity and on this particular species is unknown. It is 37 years since the species was last found. Because it was not collected in any of the other samples taken from the area, and because many Sinployea species are allopatric, it seems most likely that this species occurs in a few small, scattered populations and is a naturally uncommon Kaipara endemic. The last assessment (2010 NZTCS panel meeting; Mahlfeld et al. 2012) ranked this species as ‘Data Deficient’, with the qualifier ‘one locality’ (OL). A change in ranking from ‘Data Deficient’ to ‘Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’, is therefore proposed here. A further change to ‘Nationally Critical’ might follow, if further surveys fail to detect this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A356745153C83F7E1826A13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A0A674116138553E2A26E6B.text	03AB87FA1A0A674116138553E2A26E6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea karangahake Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea karangahake Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 23C, 26, 44)</p><p>Sinployea ‘parvaformis’ McGuinness 2001: 595; Hitchmough 2002:130.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 108 (NMNZ M.076163) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 131; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 35 (NMNZ M.103006) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 59; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.9047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.4578" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.9047/lat -37.4578)">North Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.9047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.4578" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.9047/lat -37.4578)">Hauraki Gulf</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.9047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.4578" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.9047/lat -37.4578)">Coromandel Peninsula</a>, N of Katikati, Karangahake Gorge, steep cliff area by river, in soil sieved from under fallen treefern fronds, 37°27′28.079″S, 175°54′16.907″E, D.J. Roscoe, 26 December 1979, NMNZ: M.103006, holotype (Figs 23C, 26) ; M.115996, paratypes.</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, North Island, NMNZ: Hauraki Gulf, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.887455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82092/lat -36.887455)">Coromandel Peninsula</a>: M.115993, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.887455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82092/lat -36.887455)">Port Jackson</a>, 36°28′29.234″S, 175°21′05.541″E, B.F. Hazelwood and J.F. Goulstone, 1978, subfossil in dunes at mouth of Muriwai stream; M.076163, M.115992, and M.194413, SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.887455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82092/lat -36.887455)">Whitianga</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.82092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.887455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.82092/lat -36.887455)">Hot Water Beach</a>, 36°53′14.827″S, 175°49′15.310″E, P.C. Mayhill, May 1981 ; Bay of Plenty: M.186830, S of Opotiki, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.3109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.08109" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.3109/lat -38.08109)">Waioeka-Opotiki Domain</a>, 38°04′51.930″S, 177°18′39.217″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1991 .</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 2.4 mm wide and 1.28 mm high at 3.1 whorls, moderately finely ribbed, loosely coiled, narrowly umbilicate, spire weakly elevated. Shell with translucent pale buff background and equidistant, narrow, brown zigzag axial bands, which taper and fade out on the shell base, leaving a lighter patch surrounding the umbilicus. Spire broad, weakly domed. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent, 591 μm wide; sculpture consisting of seven to eight thin, crisp, widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of ~1.8 rapidly expanding, convex whorls, slightly flattened ab- and adaxially. Sculpture consisting of numerous calcareous, thin, primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with even finer secondary axials, about seven to nine axials per</p><p>Sinployea systematics and biogeography • 35 interspace. Primary axials crested with a short, fine periostracal lamella, often worn off (56 axials on first teleoconch whorl). Umbilicus 606 μm wide (D/U ratio 3.96); relatively large for this taxonomic group. Suture deep. Aperture obliquely oval; columella short and a little curved and reflected, partly covering umbilicus; outer lip simple.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: After Karangahake Gorge, Coromandel Peninsula, northern North Island.</p><p>Distribution: Coromandel Peninsula and eastern Bay of Plenty.</p><p>Ecology: Subtropical coastal mixed broadleaf forest–shrubland.</p><p>Related species: Sinployea karangahake is distinguished from other NZ Sinployea by the large shell and protoconch, the relatively coarsely ribbed teleoconch with axial colour bands (sometimes more irregular) that fade out on the shell base, and a moderately wide umbilicus. The shell collected from near Hotwater Beach has more regular axial colour bands than those of the type. More observations in the field and shells are needed to understand variation in this species better .</p><p>Conservation status: Sinployea karangahake is known from Coromandel Peninsula and south of Opotiki, Bay of Plenty. It has not been recollected since the 1980s. The 2010 NZTCS assessment ranked this species ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifier ‘Biologically Sparse’. We suggest adding the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ because of the considerable time that has elapsed since the species was last found. Dune or midden surveys could also help to determine whether the distributional range has contracted since human occupation. If so, a change to ‘At Risk: Relict’ would be required.</p><p>Sinployea imperforata Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 27A, 28, 44)</p><p>Charopidae sp. 33 (NZMN M.085221) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 59; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, North Island: NMNZ M.085221, holotype (Figs 27A, 28), SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.58562&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.502357" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.58562/lat -38.502357)">Mangakino</a>, Pureora Forest Park, 60% logged area, 38°30′08.488″S, 175°35′08.228″E, P.C. Mayhill, November 1981 ; MA85882, paratype, SE</p><p>Sinployea systematics and biogeography • 37</p><p>Auckland, Hunua Ranges, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.15302&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.10267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.15302/lat -37.10267)">Mangatawhiri</a>, 37°06′09.608″S, 175°09′10.887″E, J.F. Goulstone, October 1985 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, North Island, NMNZ: M.088060, Coromandel Peninsula , NE of Thames, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.65285&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.045773" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.65285/lat -37.045773)">Table Mountain</a>, 37°02′44.783″S, 175°39′10.275″E, J.F. Goulstone, 1977; M.088059 , SE of Auckland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.15982&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.104336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.15982/lat -37.104336)">Mangatawhiri River Valley</a>, 37°06′15.615″S, 175°09′35.380″E, J.F. Goulstone, 1977 .</p><p>Description: Shell small, depressed subglobose, thin, and fragile, ~ 2.1 mm wide and ~ 1.2 mm high at ~2.6 whorls, finely ribbed, loosely coiled with a silky sheen. Spire moderately elevated; umbilicus closed. Colour brown with narrow irregular bands and small patches of white that originate near the suture and fade on the shell base, which is chiefly brown. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent brown, 573 μm wide, sculptured with six to seven spiral lirae. Teleoconch of 1.35 rapidly expanding, convex whorls with a slightly flattened base. Sculpture consisting of numerous, thin, primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae (106 axials on first teleoconch whorl); spirals approximately half the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with very fine secondary axials, about four to five per interstitial space. Each primary axial is crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, often worn off. Suture deep. Aperture oblique, squarish; columella a little reflected, lip simple.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: From Latin, in ‘not’ and perforare ‘to bore through’, referring to the shell character of closed umbilicus.</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand, North Island, Northland: Kaipara; SE Auckland: Hunua, Mangatawhiri; Waikato: Pureora; Coromandel Peninsula: NE of Thames, Table Mountain.</p><p>Ecology: Lowland to montane subtropical mixed podocarp– broadleaf forest.</p><p>Related species: Sinployea imperforata is the only NZ species of the genus with a closed umbilicus and chiefly brown shell colour with small irregular, pale buff streaks and high rib count.</p><p>Conservation status: Altogether, 16 collections of this species are listed in Te Papa’s database, in comparison to&gt;700 collection events listed from Auckland (R 11 in Fig. 2). This species is rarely detected in leaf litter samples from Kaipara to Pureora Forest and might also live in Kaimai Range. Kaimai records were not analysed, but there is a record in Te Papa database from NE of Matamata, which would extend records south of the Coromandel distribution. The current ranking is ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’. No change in threat ranking is proposed for S. imperforata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A0A674116138553E2A26E6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A03674815048630E2D4697B.text	03AB87FA1A03674815048630E2D4697B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea maitai Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea maitai Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 33A, 34, 45)</p><p>Charopidae sp. 182 (NMNZ M.106365) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 131; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, South Island, SE of Nelson, Bryant Range, 2 m within <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.35133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.321453" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.35133/lat -41.321453)">Maitai Cave</a>, 41°19′17.238″S, 173°21′04.776″E, D.J. Roscoe, 5 January 1982, NMNZ: M.106365, holotype (Figs 33A, 34) ; M.115989, paratype.</p><p>Other material: New Zealand, South Island, SSE and SE Nelson, NMNZ: M.108549, Richmond Range, The Doubles Track ,</p><p>44 • Mahlfeld et al.</p><p>41°17′16.740″S, 173°23′56.055″E, D.J. Roscoe, 4 August 1985; M.108696, S of Wakefield, Wairoa Gorge, Pig Valley, in open bush , 41°27′22.059″S, 173°03′44.571″E, D.J. Roscoe, 2 July 1985.</p><p>Description: Shell small, depressed subglobose, thin, and fragile, 3.6 mm wide and 1.3 mm high at four whorls, coarsely ribbed and moderately tightly coiled for the group. Spire broadly domed, 320 μm high, apex only slightly emergent. Umbilicus moderately wide, 680 μm in diameter (D/U ratio 5.29). Shell translucent white. Protoconch large for the group (669 μm wide), with 1.75 convex whorls, sculptured with four very fine and very widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of ~2.25 steadily expanding, convex whorls with a round base (rim of aperture slightly broken). Sculpture consisting of weakly protractive, sturdy primary axials traversed by narrowly spaced fine spiral lirae. These spiral cords are about twice the width of secondary axials and form microscopic beads at the intersections with secondary axials, ~8–11 axials per interstitial space. Primary axials (51 on first teleoconch whorl) have a rounded ridge, periostracal lamella absent. Suture shallower than in other Sinployea species and not as steep sided. Aperture round, outer lip simple. Columella slightly oblique and hardly reflected.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: The species is named after Maitai Cave, Bryant Range, Nelson.</p><p>Distribution: South Island, Nelson, Richmond, and Bryant Ranges.</p><p>Ecology: Unknown.</p><p>Related species: The combination of relatively tight coiling, moderately wide umbilicus, translucent white shell, and coarsely ribbed teleoconch, sculptured with sturdy riblets, distinguishes S. maitai from other NZ species of Sinployea . On its shell features and in its geography, S. maitai sits between Climocella and the tightly coiled southern species of Sinployea described below, and the more loosely coiled northern NZ species of Sinployea . The shell architecture is similar to the Cook Islands species.</p><p>Conservation status: The known range of S. maitai spans a distance of ~ 35 km along the western edge of the Richmond State Forest Park. More than 70 collection events are recorded from map sheet N28, which includes Wairoa Gorge based on Te Papa collection records, but only one sample from Pig Valley contained S. maitai . Of the 60 collection events from the Bryant Range, 32 are from Maitai Valley and 27 from Maitai Cave, but only 2 samples contained shells of S. maitai . In total, 114 samples are recorded in Te Papa terrestrial molluscs collection from O27 (Fig. 2). It is likely that S. maitai is a western Richmond Range/Bryant Range endemic, and therefore we suggest ranking this species as ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’ until new information becomes available. This species has not been collected by us since the mid-1980s. The 2010 NZTCS assessment ranked this species as ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifier ‘RR’ (Range Restricted).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A03674815048630E2D4697B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A37677A152685AAE1BB6E6B.text	03AB87FA1A37677A152685AAE1BB6E6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea mangamuka Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea mangamuka Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 19C, 22, 44) Sinployea ‘mangamuka’ McGuinness 2001: 595; Hitchmough 2002: 130.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 32 (NZMN M.062484) Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, North Island, Northland, NMNZ: M.062484, holotype (Fig. 22), ESE of Kaitaia, WNW of Mangamuka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.4841&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.198223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.4841/lat -35.198223)">Soda Springs Track</a>, 35°11′53.601″S, 173°29′02.766″E, P.C. Mayhill, October 1978 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, North Island, Northland, NMNZ: M.082837, ESE of Kaitaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.47078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.182083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.47078/lat -35.182083)">Mangamuka Gorge Walkway</a>, summit, 35°10′55.496″S, 173°28′14.806″E, P.C. Mayhill, April 1983 ; M.062483, Mangamuka Ranges, The Saddle, C. Dawber, August 1978 ; M.096636, between Kaikohe and Moerewa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.93044&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.384808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.93044/lat -35.384808)">Pouerua Bush</a>, 35°23′05.302″S, 173°55′49.540″E, G.R. Parrish, 27 August 1987 ; M.079406, Hauraki Gulf, Little Barrier Island, E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.06824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.215546" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.06824/lat -36.215546)">Te Toki Point</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.06824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.215546" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.06824/lat -36.215546)">Tirikawa Stream</a>, 36°12′55.960″S, 175°04′05.680″E, P.C. Mayhill, August 1983 .</p><p>Description: Shell small, depressed subglobose, thin, and fragile, 2.3 mm wide and 1.28 mm high at three whorls, moderately coarsely ribbed and moderately loosely coiled for the group. Spire flat, but bulbous apex a little emergent; umbilicus narrow, 461 μm wide (D/U ratio 4.99). Shell colour is mostly brown all over except for dorsal patches of translucent white, which reach the periphery but fade rapidly on the shell base, which is chiefly brown. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, 594 μm wide, sculptured with seven thin spiral cords. Teleoconch of 1.75 steadily expanding, convex whorls with a rounded base. Sculpture consisting of slightly more sinuous, thin primary axials traversed by narrowly spaced fine spiral lirae. These spiral cords are about twice the width of the secondary axials and form microscopic beads at the intersections with secondary axials, about five to seven axials per interstitial space. Primary axials (~49 on first teleoconch whorl), each crested with a very fine periostracal lamella (often worn off). Suture is deep. Aperture oblique, laterally expanded, outer lip simple. Columella is short and reflected.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: After Mangamuka, Northland.</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand, Northland, Mangamuka Gorge and Pouerua (12 km SE of Kaikohe); Hauraki Gulf, Little Barrier Island.</p><p>Ecology: Subtropical mixed podocarp–broadleaf forest.</p><p>Related species: The combination of relatively compact squarish shell architecture (shell height 1.28 mm), brown shell colour with few light patches dorsally and brown base, flat spire with a weakly emergent, bulbous apex, relatively coarsely ribbed teleoconch, and more sinuous axials distinguish S. mangamuka from other NZ Sinployea species. Sinployea kaipara, of similar shell architecture and colour pattern, has a higher rib count.</p><p>Conservation status: The three localities this species is known from are flanked by allopatric species of Sinployea (Fig. 16). The Mangamuka Gorge locality is ~ 55 km from Pouerua Bush and ~ 200 km from Little Barrier Island. The last collection of the species was in 1987 at Pouerua Bush. Based on the collection data, it seems likely that S. mangamuka is a central Northland endemic wedged between the distributions of S. waipoua and snails that are likely to be conspecific with S. solemi . The 2010 NZTCS assessment did not rank S. mangamuka . We suggest a new listing of ‘At Risk’, ‘Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Population Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A37677A152685AAE1BB6E6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A0E6742161C816BE0BE6ECD.text	03AB87FA1A0E6742161C816BE0BE6ECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea ohinepoutea Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea ohinepoutea Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 29, 44) Sinployea ‘Ohinepoutea’ McGuinness 2001: 595; Hitchmough (2002: 130).</p><p>Charopidae sp. 198 (NMNZ M.078239) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 131; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.09575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.852016" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.09575/lat -37.852016)">North Island</a>, East Cape, NMNZ: M.078239, holotype (Fig.29), Hikurangi, WofRuatoria, Ohinepoutea Station, 37°51′07.268″S, 178°05′44.689″E, F.M. Climo, 12 May 1983 .</p><p>Other material: New Zealand, North Island, Northland, NMNZ: M.165180, S of Kaeo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.79388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.209423" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.79388/lat -35.209423)">Puketi Forest</a>, 35°12′33.920″S, 173°47′37.970″E, P.C. Mayhill, July 1996 .</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 1.95 mm wide and 0.93 mm high at approximately three whorls, moderately coarsely ribbed, loosely coiled, with a broadly flat spire. Umbilicus is ~470 μm wide (D/U ratio 4.15). Colour pattern consists of broad, irregular, brown flammulations and smaller translucent white patches, and a chiefly brown base. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent white, 491 μm wide, sculptured with five thin, widely spaced, spiral lirae. Teleoconch of ~1.75 rapidly expanding, convex whorls, base slightly flattened. Sculpture consisting of calcareous, thin, primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with even finer secondary axials, about six to eight per interstitial space. First teleoconch whorl with 59 primary axials, each crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, which is often worn off. Suture deep. Aperture lunate; columella oblique and a little reflected; lip simple.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: Named after the farmstead near the type locality (~ 20 km W of Ruatoria, East Coast).</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand North Island: Northland, Puketi; East Coast: Ruatoria.</p><p>Ecology: Subtropical mixed broadleaf forest.</p><p>Related species: The combination of flat spire, loose coiling, moderately (for the group of northern Sinployea species) open umbilicus, dorsal colour pattern of brown, irregular flammulations, and brown base with a light patch around the umbilicus, plus a medium coarsely ribbed teleoconch differentiate this species from other NZ Sinployea species.</p><p>Conservation status: Revision of collection material found a second specimen from Puketi Forest, S of Kaeo, eastern Northland. Puketi Forest is ~ 490 km from the only other known locality in East Coast. Twenty-nine collections from Puketi were checked, and 93 sampling records from elsewhere on topographic NZ Map 260 sheet P05, 19 samples from map sheet Y15, and 34 from Y16 and Y17. A total of 289 sampling records within an area of 6000 km 2 of map sheets of the East Coast, X14, X15, X16, X17, Y14, Y15, Y16, Y17, Z14, Z15, Z16, and Z17 (based on Te Papa collection), were also checked (Fig. 2). To our knowledge, the species has not been re-collected from the East Coast area since the mid-1980s and not from eastern Northland since the mid-1990s. On existing data, S. ohinepoutea has an eastern disjunctive range. Considering that there is little overlap in the distributions of Sinployea species, it is reasonable to assume that this species is probably also ‘At Risk: Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biological Sparse’. The 2010 NZTCS assessment ranked S. ohinepoutea as ‘Insufficient Information: Data Deficient’, with the qualifier ‘One Locality’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A0E6742161C816BE0BE6ECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A2D677615858731E0566B37.text	03AB87FA1A2D677615858731E0566B37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea Solem 1983	<div><p>Genus Sinployea Solem, 1983</p><p>Type species: Sinployea peasei Solem, 1983 .</p><p>Figure 10 shows a photograph of the paratype from the Auckland Museum collections.</p><p>Remarks: Solem (1983) described the new genus Sinployea (an anagram of Polynesia) and included species from Micronesia (Saipan, northern Marshall Islands) to SE Polynesia (Rarotonga, French Polynesia). Subsequently, Brook (2010) described four additional Sinployea species from Rarotonga ( Sinployea muri Brook, 2010; Sinployea taipara Brook, 2010; Sinployea titikaveka Brook, 2010; and Sinployea tupapa Brook, 2010). Stanisic et al. (2010) adopted Sinployea for the Australian Sinployea intensa (Iredale, 1941) and Sinployea intermedia (Odhner, 1917), turning Sinployea intermedia Solem, 1983 from Swains Island, Tokelau into a homonym.</p><p>Pacific Island Sinployea Solem, 1983 includes small- to medium-sized charopid snails with a shell diameter of ≤ 6 mm at 5.25 whorls and an embryonic sculpture of 9 (rarely fewer), often 10–12, and no more than 18–20, prominent fine spiral lirae. The lirae of S. peasei, the type of Sinployea, are shown in Figures 10 and 11. The axial teleoconch sculpture of Sinployea species ranges from irregular to well-defined ribs that are widely to closely spaced and are weakly to strongly protractively sinuous. The microsculpture consists of finer spirals and axials with beading at intersections. The shell colour patterning varies from brown flammulations to unicoloured light horn to dark reddish brown. Whorls of most species have a rounded periphery. Shell coiling ranges from somewhat tightly to loosely coiled, and sutures are deep, except for Sinployea proxima (Garret, 1872) of the Cook Islands (Rarotonga), which has a channelled suture. The spire ranges from flat to moderately elevated, and umbilical shape and width are also variable among species. Solem (1983) provides comprehensive shell measurements and discussion regarding variation in shell architecture and sculpture.</p><p>NZ Sinployea species have a shell diameter of ≤ 3.6 mm at 2.25 whorls and protoconchs with usually five to eight spiral lirae, although one species has 14 (Fig. 11). Teleoconch sculpture consists of primary and secondary axial ribs and spiral cords as in the Polynesian, Micronesian, and Melanesian species. Sinployea capensis and S. accelerata each possess a basal glandular appendage that joins the penial duct through a papilla, whereas in Calymna costulata the appendage enters the penial atrium through a simple opening (Figs 4, 6). Pacific Island Sinployea species have pocket pilasters. The northern NZ Sinployea species are more loosely coiled than the southern species. On shell architecture, the South Island Sinployea fiordlandica and Sinployea australis are closer to the North Island species. Most species have narrowly umbilicate shells, except for the anomphalous S. imperforata and South Island Sinployea charopiformis, Sinployea cresswelli, and Sinployea canaliculata, which have a wider umbilicus. Shells are either colour-patterned or are unicoloured (Table 1). The northern NZ species and the southern South Island S. fiordlandica and S. australis are architecturally similar to the Tongan species, whereas the other southern NZ species are similar to the more tightly coiled Rarotongan species.</p><p>The embryonic sculpture of some Flammoconcha species approaches the spiral sculpture of Calymna protoconchs, but the teleoconch sculptures are very different. Flammoconcha species do not have the charopine reticulate sculpture with beading at the intersections of spirals and axials. Figure 12 depicts the conchological differences between Flammoconcha and Calymna . Figures 11 and 13 illustrate the spirally lirate protoconch sculpture of Sinployea and the spirally corrugate Calymna embryonic shell sculpture. The shell and reproductive morphology of Flammulina jacquenetta combines a range of characters, which lean towards Sinployea, Calymna, and Flammoconcha morphologies: diagonal, grid-like shell sculpture like Flammoconcha stewartensis on the protoconch and teleoconch; and low axial ridges cut by a delicate, approximately rectangular, grid of grooves on the teleoconch (Fig. 14). The way species of Sinployea, Calymna, Flammoconcha, and Flammulina share and recombine characters suggests to us that any future revision should consider them together.</p><p>Notes on intergeneric relationships: Calymna (Tasmania and NZ), Flammoconcha (NZ), Tuimalila Solem, 1983 (Tonga), Vatusila Solem, 1983 (Marshall Islands, Lau, Tonga, Niue, and Tuvalu), Sinployea (Melanesia, Polynesia, and NZ) Climocella Goulstone, 1996 (NZ), Allodiscus s.l. species (NZ), Beilania Preston, 1913 (Philippines, Belau?, Sarawak, Indonesia, Moluccas,andpossibly, NZ), Lagivala Solem, 1983 (Indonesia to Lau and Tuvalu) and some Andrefancia Solem, 1960 (New Caledonia) constitute a broad band of charopid species with spiral protoconch sculptures mainly peripheral to the Australian continent, as described by Stanisic (1990) and Holcroft (2018).</p><p>Within this geographical band of spiral protoconch sculpture exists a further division between male genitalia with a glandular appendage found in Tasmanian/ NZ Calymna and NZ Flammoconcha and Sinployea species to reduced male genitalia without an appendage found in some NZ Calymna and Pacific Islands Sinployea, which sometimes have a pocket pilaster (Figs 3–9). The regional extent of this pattern suggests an evolutionary history that evolved in tandem with the geology of the region, which are the reorganization of the eastern Gondwana margin and the development of the Cenozoic plate boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific plates.</p><p>Notes on distributions: Species diversity increases from west to east through the Pacific (Fig. 15). Fiji, New Zealand, and the Cook Islands are the main hotspots. Currently, 71 species are described from the following localities: Mariana Islands, Saipan (1 species, possibly introduced), Caroline Islands (1), New Britain (2), NE Australia (2), Solomon Islands (3), Vanuatu (1), Tuvalu (2), Rotuma (1), Fiji (11), Tonga (3, one of which is also on Futuna Island), NZ (17), Swains Island (in the Tokelau group) (1), Samoan archipelago (6), Cook Islands (17), and French Polynesia (6). Most of the species are endemic to one island group (Solem 1983: 50; Brook 2010, Rundell and Czekanski-Moir 2015, Holcroft 2018, Bullis and Rundell 2021, and the present paper). We have not seen material of Sinployea pitcairnensis Preece, 1995, from Pitcairn Island. Sinployea conica (Odhner, 1922) from Juan Fernández Islands, Chile, is most likely to be a member of Punctidae, not Charopidae (auth. obs.).</p><p>Notes on distributions of NZ species: The distributions of northern and southern groups are connected geographically via the distributions of S. accelerata (Fig. 16) and Climocella prestoni (Sykes, 1895), which occurs from central to lower North Island and northern South Island. Climocella species are distinct from Sinployea by axials encroaching on the spirally lirate protoconch (Fig. 17).</p><p>Sinployea olohega Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>Sinployea intermedia Solem, 1983: 131 .</p><p>Remarks: We introduce this name as a replacement for Solem’s species, which is a junior homonym of Sinployea intermedia (Odhner, 1917) . Olohega is the Tokelauan name for Swains Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A2D677615858731E0566B37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A32677D16FD8210E7E36996.text	03AB87FA1A32677D16FD8210E7E36996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea solemi Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea solemi Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 19A, 20, 44) Sinployea ‘paucilamellata’ McGuinness 2001: 595; Brook 2002: 92.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 27 (NMNZ M.058110) Hitchmough et al. 2007: 41; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.77008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.45767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.77008/lat -34.45767)">North Island</a>, Northland, SE of Cape Reinga: MA152583, holotype (Fig. 20), Pandora Road, 34°27′27.6″S, 172°46′12.3″E, J.F. Goulstone, 11 May 1991 ; NMNZ M.115995, paratypes, at entrance to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.70128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.441803" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.70128/lat -34.441803)">Tapotupotu Bay</a> Road, 34°26′30.49″S, 172°42′04.6″E, P.R. Jamieson, 2 January 1975 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, North Island, Northland, NMNZ:M.058110, SE of Cape Reinga, at entrance to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.70128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.441803" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.70128/lat -34.441803)">Tapotupotu Bay</a> Road, 34°26′30.49″S, 172°42′04.6″E, P.R. Jamieson, 2 January 1975 ; M.058119 (badly damaged shell), NNE of Whangarei, W of Ngunguru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.46944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.631664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.46944/lat -35.631664)">Hugh Crawford Reserve</a>, 60 m a.s.l., 35°37′54″S, 174°28′10″E, P.C. Mayhill, September 1978 ; M.115991 (badly damaged shell), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.41148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.10208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.41148/lat -36.10208)">Great Barrier Island</a>, 36°06′07.495″S, 175°24′41.358″E, D. Hunt, January 1987 ; MA: MA96903, Unuwhao, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.88489&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.425503" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.88489/lat -34.425503)">Waihi Stream</a>, 34°25′31.8″S, 172°53′5.6″E, J.F. Goulstone, 10 May 1991 ; MA96904, Spirits Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.86917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.43139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.86917/lat -34.43139)">Waterfall Gully</a>, 34°25′53″S, 172°52′9″E, J.F. Goulstone, 10 May 1991 ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.86447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.43175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.86447/lat -34.43175)">Kapowairua</a>, at edge of swamp under ferns and manuka [ Leptospermum], 34°25′54.303″S, 172°51′52.091″E, K. Mahlfeld, 25 March 2018 , 21 m a.s.l. (Open Lab collection).</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, 1.5 mm wide and 860 μm high at 2.5 whorls, medium-coarsely ribbed, loosely coiled, very narrowly umbilicate and low spired (spire ~100 μm high). Colour pattern of wider to narrow brown axial colour bands, forming zigzags along shell periphery, and merging to form a brown shell base. Protoconch of 1.25 convex whorls, translucent, 475 μm wide, sculptured with five to six thin, crisp, widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of 1.375 rapidly expanding, convex whorls; base a little flattened. Sculpture consisting of moderately widely spaced, sharp primary axials, ~50 on first teleoconch whorl. Axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with secondary axials, ~6–10 axials per interspace. Primary axials crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, often worn off. Umbilicus very narrow, 268 μm wide (Diameter/Umbilicus ratio 5.6); partly covered by reflected columellar lip. Aperture obliquely ellipsoid, slightly flattened dorsally and ventrally, 760 μm high; lip simple. Suture moderately deep for NZ Sinployea .</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: Named after Alan Solem for his work on Pacific snails.</p><p>Notes: Teleoconch ribbing ranges from very coarse in the west of the distributional range (Tapotupotu and Pandora) to moderately fine (Kapowairua and Unuwhao) in the east, northernmost NZ. Similar patterns of W–E shell variation from Cape Reinga to North Cape, occur in Phrixgnathus sciadium (Pfeiffer, 1857), Delos Hutton, 1904, Allodiscus, and Climocella .</p><p>One specimen collected from Kapowairua resembles S. solemi but has more protoconch spirals, is coarsely ribbed on the teleoconch, and has a wider umbilicus than other specimens of S. solemi from nearby. This particular shell is also repaired in two places on the teleoconch. The shell is difficult to place but could be part of the variation within S. solemi . The shells from Ngunguru, NE of Whangarei, and Great Barrier Island, Hauraki Gulf, are badly damaged but could be conspecific with S. solemi . More observations are needed to gauge shell variation in this species.</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand, Northland, Te Paki, and Cape Reinga area. Specimens known from Ngunguru and Matawaia, NW of Whangarei in Northland, Great Barrier Island in Hauraki Gulf, and Ohinau Island off E Coromandel Peninsula are potentially conspecific.</p><p>Ecology: Subtropical coastal mixed broadleaf forest.</p><p>Related species: The combination of coarsely ribbed shell with brown narrow zigzag axial bands, brown base, very narrow umbilicus, and smaller protoconch distinguishes this species from other colour-patterned North Island species. Sinployea waipoua and S. capensis shells also have smaller protoconchs, but shells of the former are chiefly brown with few narrow light flashes, and in the latter they are uniformly pale buff. The remainder of northern North Island species, S. mangamuka, S. imperforata, and S. karangahake, have larger protoconchs and different shell architectures.</p><p>Conservation status: A rank of ‘Data Deficient’, qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Recognition, Trend, and Size’, is proposed here because of the variations in teleoconch ribbing and the species being potentially more widespread in coastal areas of eastern Northland. The proposed ranking changes the umbrella category from ‘Threatened’ to ‘Insufficient Information’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A32677D16FD8210E7E36996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
03AB87FA1A35677A16F8816BE0C26CFC.text	03AB87FA1A35677A16F8816BE0C26CFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinployea waipoua Climo, Mahlfeld & Roscoe 2025	<div><p>Sinployea waipoua Climo, Mahlfeld &amp; Roscoe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 23A, 24, 44) Sinployea ‘Waipoua’ McGuinness 2001: 595; Brook 2002: 93.</p><p>Charopidae sp. 28 (NMNZ M.098308) Hitchmough et al. 2007:128; Spencer et al. 2009: 216; Mahlfeld et al. 2012: appendix 1.</p><p>Material examined: New Zealand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.47806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.62091" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.47806/lat -35.62091)">North Island</a>, Northland, NMNZ: M.098308, holotype (Figs 23A, 24), NW of Dargaville, Waipoua Forest, Kawerua Road, 35°37′15.289″S, 173°28′41.060″E, P.C. Mayhill, November 1986 .</p><p>Other material examined: New Zealand, North Island, Northland: halfway between Waipoua and Whangarei, S of Parakao, Ruahuia Viaduct, 35°44′22.693″S, 173° 57′23.942″E, I.J. Payton, 31 December 1970, forest litter (Payton collection); Tutamoe, Pupurangi Sanctuary, K. Mahlfeld and D.J. Roscoe, 26 September 2015, old growth forest, 596 m a.s.l. (Open Lab collection); Waipoua Forest, just N of Waipoua River bridge, K. Mahlfeld and D.J. Roscoe, 2 October 2015, under treefern and nikau [ Rhopalostylis sapida] fronds, below road on bank above river, 114 m a.s.l. (near type locality; Open Lab collection).</p><p>Description: Shell small, thin, and fragile, ~ 2 mm wide (aperture partly broken) and ~ 1 mm high at three whorls, moderately finely ribbed, loosely coiled, narrowly umbilicate, and low spired. Shell of translucent pale buff background with brown flammulations covering most of the shell including base. Spire broadly convex. Protoconch of 1.125 convex whorls, translucent, 465 μm wide; sculpture consisting of six thin, crisp, widely spaced spiral lirae. Teleoconch of ~1.625 moderately rapidly expanding, convex whorls, slightly flattened ab- and adapically. Sculpture consisting of numerous calcareous, thin, primary axials traversed by fine spiral lirae; spirals approximately one-third of the width of primary axials and forming microscopic beads at intersections with even finer secondary axials, about five axials per interspace. Primary axials crested with a very fine periostracal lamella, often worn off (85 axials on first teleoconch whorl). Umbilicus 408 μm wide (D/U ratio of ~4.9); spirals prominent around umbilical well. Suture moderately deep. Aperture obliquely oval; columella short and a little curved and reflected, partly covering umbilicus; lip simple.</p><p>Reproductive anatomy: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology: After Waipoua Forest and in appreciation of Te Roroa iwi members for their kaitiakitanga and manākitanga (K.M. and D.J.R. were guided by Dawn Birch and Laurie Joseph around Maunganui Bluff and parts of Waipoua Forest).</p><p>Distribution: New Zealand, North Island, Northland, Waipoua, and Tutamoe.</p><p>Ecology: Habitat information is available for the Tutamoe locality, where the species was found in mixed broadleaf/podocarp old growth forest litter at 596 m a.s.l. and near the type locality, where the species was found in leaf litter from under treeferns and nikau palms ( Rhopalostylis sapida).</p><p>Related species: The combination of finely ribbed and chiefly brown shell with a small protoconch distinguishes this species from S. solemi, which has more coarsely ribbed shells with a dorsal colour pattern of brown zigzag bands. Sinployea kaipara has a colour pattern of broad brown maculations rather than zigzag bands, has a slightly wider umbilicus, and is a little more tightly coiled. Sinployea fiordlandica has similar ribbing and colour pattern to S. waipoua but is flatter and has a deeper suture and is more tightly coiled.</p><p>Conservation status: In&gt;70 samples in Te Papa collections from Waipoua Forest, S. waipoua was found only once. Two more records were found in private collections from near Parakao and Tutamoe. As shown in Figures 2 and 16, it is likely that S. waipoua is a Waipoua–Tutamoe endemic, allopatric with the other Northland Sinployea species. Previous assessment had this species ranked as ‘Data Deficient’, with the qualifier ‘one locality’ (OL). A change in ranking to ‘Naturally Uncommon’, with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor: Size and Trend’ and ‘Biologically Sparse’ is suggested here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87FA1A35677A16F8816BE0C26CFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mahlfeld, Karin;Climo, Frank;Roscoe, David	Mahlfeld, Karin, Climo, Frank, Roscoe, David (2025): Systematics, conservation status, and biogeography of 16 new species of Sinployea Solem, 1983 (Gastropoda: Charopidae) from New Zealand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204 (1), DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf011
