identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AB87EAFFDEFFF4FF4BFF189F3AFE67.text	03AB87EAFFDEFFF4FF4BFF189F3AFE67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argiope songketica Dhiya’Ulhaq & Rahmadi 2026	<div><p>Argiope songketica sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 172C44FC-6FD3-42D4-8893-90902791D794</p><p>Figs 1A–D, 2A–C, 3A–G, 4A–E, 8A, B, 9, 10</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ from INDONESIA: West Kalimantan Province: Tekenang Hill, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.06399&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8383639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.06399/lat 0.8383639)">Danau Sentarum National Park</a>, 0°50'18.11"N, 112°3'50.34"E, elev. 30 m, 07.VII.2025, N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0557) . Paratypes. INDONESIA: West Kalimantan Province: 1♂, 1♀, same location as holotype, 30.XI.2025, N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0679 and NUD-ARA-0680); Tekenang Hill, in front of resort office, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.06367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.83903885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.06367/lat 0.83903885)">Danau Sentarum National Park</a>, 0°50'20.54"N, 112°3'49.20"E, elev. 30 m, 1♂, 29.XI.2025, N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq leg., (MZB NUD-ARA-0721) .</p><p>Other material examined. INDONESIA: West Kalimantan Province: Tekenang Hill, in front of resort office, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.06367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.83903885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.06367/lat 0.83903885)">Danau Sentarum National Park</a>, 0°50'20.54"N, 112°3'49.20"E, elev. 30m, 1subadult ♀, 24.XI.2025, N.U.Dhiya’ulhaq leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0651) ; Majang Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.99263&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.9022639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.99263/lat 0.9022639)">Danau Sentarum National Park</a>, 0°54'8.15"N, 111°59'33.49"E, elev. 112 m, 1♂, 25.XI.2025, N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq, A.E.N. Herlambang, A.D. Gonggoli, R. Firmansyah. H. Wiradarma leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0751) ; Pendam Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.98742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8942222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.98742/lat 0.8942222)">Danau Sentarum National Park</a>, 0°53'39.20"N, 111°59'14.72"E, elev. 35 m, 1♂, 26.XI..2025, Irawan leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0666) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from songket, a traditional hand-woven textile of Maritime Southeast Asia, alluding to the ornate patterning of the opisthosoma.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of A. songketica sp. nov. are similar to A. dang Jäger &amp; Praxaysombath, 2009 and A. cameloides Zhu &amp; Song, 1994 in possessing a distinct kink on the embolus and median apophysis with thin, curved spur and two distal apices (Jäger 2012, figs 121, 122; Wang et al. 2021, fig. 2A, D), but are distinguishable by the absence of a narrowly protruding pendant, replaced instead by a wide lamina (Figs 2A, 4A) and by the basal apex of median apophysis rectangular rather than triangular in A. songketica sp. nov. (Fig. 4B). Females of A. songketica sp. nov. are most similar to A. dang and A. modesta Thorell, 1881 considering the epigyne morphology with a straight, flat anterior margin and rim of the former (Jäger &amp; Praxaysombath 2009, fig. 41) and wide triangular posterior view outline of the latter species (Jäger 2012, fig. 129). However, A. songketica sp. nov. differs from A. dang by its tall septum (distance from rim to posterior margin twice from rim to anterior margin; Figs 3E, 4C), unlike the low septum in the other species (these distances equal; Jäger &amp; Praxaysombath 2009, fig. 41) and lacking a pronounced concavity at the basal margin of rim. The female dorsal opisthosomal pattern of A. songketica sp. nov. resembles A. dang (Jäger &amp; Praxaysombath 2009, figs 49–51; Chotwong &amp; Tanikawa 2013, fig. 3), differing in the presence of orange rectangular patch between the two yellow transverse bands (Figs 1C, 8A).</p><p>Description. Male (based on holotype NUD-ARA-0557). Total length 4.32. Carapace length 2.12; width 2.18. Opisthosoma length 2.20; width 1.67. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.16; ALE 0.09; PLE 0.12; PME 0.18. Interdistances between eyes: AME–AME 0.11; AME–ALE 0.03; ALE–ALE 0.43; PME–PME 0.22; PME–PLE 0.15; ALE–PLE 0.01; AME–PME 0.09; PLE–PLE 0.59. Leg measurements: leg I 9.45 (2.62, 0.62, 2.21, 2.88, 1.12); leg II 8.67 (2.54, 0.73, 2.10, 2.35, 0.95); leg III 4.72 (1.44, 0.44, 0.95, 1.21, 0.68); leg IV 7.05 (2.48, 0.57, 1.34, 1.96, 0.70). Carapace round, light brown; cephalic region acutely narrowed (Figs 1A, 8B). Chelicerae pale brown. Maxillae triangular, light brown (Fig. 1B). Labium wider than long, light brown (Fig. 1B). Sternum heart-shaped, light brown (Fig. 1B). Legs light brown with dark patches on ventral of femora (Figs 1A, B, 8B). Opisthosoma oval; dorsum light brown with faint white spots (Figs 1A, 8B); venter with broad black band bordered by white thin stripes (Fig. 1B). Spinnerets black (Fig. 1B).</p><p>Pedipalp (Figs 2, 4A, B): conductor flat, oblong with rounded tip, as long as embolus (Fig. 2, 4A). Median apophysis with narrow, curved spur and two apices (Figs 2A, C, 4A, B); basal apex rectangular; distal apex triangular. Embolus basally spiraled (Figs 2A, 4A); kink present at mid-length (Figs 2A, 4A); tip acute, curved (Figs 2A, 4A); wide lamina present before the tip (Figs 2A, 4A).</p><p>Female (based on paratype NUD-ARA-0679).Total length 10.22. Carapace length4.49; width 3.78.Opisthosoma length 5.73; width 3.36. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.28; ALE 0.22; PLE 0.25; PME 0.27. Interdistances between eyes: AME–AME 0.28; AME–ALE 0.26; ALE–ALE 1.20; PME–PME 0.37; PME–PLE 0.63; ALE–PLE 0.03; AME– PME 0.36; PLE–PLE 1.70. Leg measurements: leg I 26.94 (8.05, 1.96, 6.68, 8.37, 1.88); leg II 26.78 (8.59, 2.00, 6.16, 8.28, 1.75); leg III 15.04 (5.33, 1.37, 3.15, 3.85, 1.34); leg IV 24.98 (8.80, 1.57, 5.34, 7.77, 1.50).</p><p>Carapace pear-shaped, brown, covered in silvery setae (Figs 1C, 8A). Chelicerae brown. Maxillae triangular, pale brown (Fig. 1D). Labium wider than long, pale brown (Fig. 1D). Sternum heart-shaped, margins subtly lobate, bright yellow (Fig. 1D). Legs brown, covered in silvery setae which form striations in living specimens (Figs 1C, D, 8A); front legs ventrally dark (Fig. 1D). Opisthosoma oval; dorsum anteriorly white, posteriorly black, with two transverse yellow stripes flanking orange rectangular patch and three longitudinal rows of small white spots (Figs 1C, 8A); venter black with central red patch, laterally bordered by Y-shaped pattern (Figs 1D, 9). Spinnerets black (Fig. 1D). Epigyne outline roughly triangular in anterior/posterior view (Figs 3C, D, 4E); anterior margin flat and straight (Figs 3E, 4C); rim straight in lateral view (Figs 3E, 4C), slightly curved in ventral view (Figs 3B, 4D); septum thick, its narrowest point 1/5 the width of entire scape, narrower anteriorly, widening posteriorly into the posterior plate, together forming pear-shaped structure in posterior view (Figs 3C, 4E); copulatory openings situated inside slits on margins of the posterior plate; copulatory ducts short, connecting at the middle of the spermathecae (Figs 3B, E, 4C, D); spermathecae kidney-shaped, longer than wide (Figs 3E–G, 4E); fertilization ducts inconspicuous, distal end not reaching the posterior margin of spermathecae, arising near the junction between spermathecae and copulatory ducts (Figs 3F, 4C).</p><p>Natural History. Living spiders construct an orb-web on foliage of trees and shrubs (Fig. 9) in peat swamp and hill forests.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia (Fig. 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87EAFFDEFFF4FF4BFF189F3AFE67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dhiya’Ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Rahmadi, Cahyo	Dhiya’Ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Rahmadi, Cahyo (2026): A new species of orb-weaver genus Argiope Audouin, 1826 from West Kalimantan, Indonesia, with notes on a new synonymy of Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5845 (2): 304-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.2.5
03AB87EAFFDAFFF8FF41F9459B3CFE8B.text	03AB87EAFFDAFFF8FF41F9459B3CFE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argiope versicolor (Doleschall 1859)	<div><p>Argiope versicolor (Doleschall, 1859)</p><p>Figs 5A, B, 6A–G, 8C, 10</p><p>Epeira versicolor Doleschall 1859: 31, pl. 9, fig. 10. For a complete list of records and synonyms, see World Spider Catalog (2026).</p><p>Type material. 2♀ syntypes of Epeira versicolor from INDONESIA: Java (RMNH) (Levi 1983), not examined .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA: West Kalimantan Province: Empai Hill, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.95463&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.86723334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.95463/lat 0.86723334)">Danau Sentarum National Park</a>, 0°52'2.04"N, 111°57'16.67"E, elev. 41 m, 1♀, 26.XI.2025; N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq, A.E.N. Elang, A.D. Gonggoli, R. Firmansyah, and H. Wiradarma leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0776). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.95463&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.86723334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.95463/lat 0.86723334)">Tekelan Hill</a>, Betung Kerihun National Park, 1°23'27.27"N, 112°28'4.36"E, elev. 120 m, 1♀, 21.VI.2025, N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0013) .</p><p>Diagnosis. See Levi (1983).</p><p>Redescription. Female (based on NUD-ARA-0776). Total length 9.82. Carapace length 3.70; width 3.05. Opisthosoma length 6.12; width 4.86. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.20; ALE 0.18; PLE 0.23; PME 0.27. Interdistances between eyes: AME–AME 0.19; AME–ALE 0.30; ALE–ALE 1.13; PME–PME 0.34; PME–PLE 0.54; ALE–PLE 0.02; AME–PME 0.34; PLE–PLE 1.39. Leg measurements: leg I 17.53 (5.35, 1.44, 4.38, 5.08, 1.28); leg II 17.76 (5.43, 1.51, 4.20, 5.18, 1.44); leg III 9.41 (3.23, 0.67, 2.14, 2.34, 1.03); leg IV 15.66 (5.50, 1.42, 3.28, 4.45, 1.01).</p><p>Carapace pear-shaped, brown, covered in silvery setae (Figs 5A, 8C). Chelicerae brown. Maxillae triangular, pale brown with dark margins (Fig. 5B). Labium wider than long, pale brown (Fig. 5B). Sternum heart-shaped, margins subtly lobate, bright yellow with dark margins (Fig. 5B). Legs brown with dark patches and spots especially on the ventral of front legs, covered in short silvery setae (Figs 5A, B, 8C). Opisthosoma rounded pentagonal; dorsum with three white transverse stripes with yellow posterior margin, a yellow transverse stripe between the first and second white stripes, a row of white spots on black background posterior to second white stripe, and two rows of three white spots on black background in the posterior half, rest of dorsum brown (Figs 5A, 8C); venter black with three pair of central white spots, laterally bordered by a pair of yellow longitudinal lines, each crossed by two short bars (Figs 1D, 9). Spinnerets reddish brown (Fig. 1D). Epigyne outline roughly round in anterior/posterior view (Fig. 6C, D); anterior margin concave (Fig. 6B); rim curved in lateral view (Figs 6B), almost W-shaped in ventral view (Figs 6A); septum thin, its narrowest point 1/9 the width of entire scape, straight anteriorly, abruptly widening posteriorly into the posterior plate, together forming inverted Y-shaped structure in posterior view (Fig. 6D); copulatory openings situated inside slits on margins of the posterior plate; copulatory ducts short, connecting at the posterior of the spermathecae (Fig. 6E, F); spermathecae peanut-shaped, longer than wide (Fig. 6B, E, F). Fertilization ducts inconspicuous, distal end extending slightly beyond the posterior margin of spermathecae, arising slightly before the junction between spermathecae and copulatory ducts (Fig. 6E, F).</p><p>Male. See Levi (1983).</p><p>Remarks. Argiope versicolor is morphologically similar to A. pulchella Thorell, 1881 . Previous authors (Levi 1983; Jäger 2012) have suggested the possibility of conspecificity, as shown by intraspecific variation in genital morphology of both species. Nonetheless, at present, A. versicolor is distinguished by the straight to bilobed epigynal rim (Fig. 6A; Levi 1983, figs 251, 254; Jäger &amp; Praxaysombath 2009, fig. 70), in contrast to the V- or U-shaped in A. pulchella (Levi 1983, figs 248, 241; Jäger &amp; Praxaysombath 2009, figs 56, 58, 61, 63, 65). Based on these diagnostic characters, the records from China (Yin et al. 1989; Chen &amp; Gao 1990; Yin et al. 1997; Song, Zhu &amp; Chen 1999) appear to be misidentification, likely referring to A. pulchella or another species with V-shaped epigyne (e.g., A. jinghongensis Yin, Peng &amp; Wang, 1994). Furthermore, the images of Indian specimens provided by Tyagi et al. (2019) are insufficiently diagnostic to confidently assign those specimens to A. versicolor and may instead represent similar-looking species known from India, such as A. pulchella, A. anasuja Thorell, 1887 or A. minuta Karsch, 1879 . Further studies incorporating molecular data are essential to resolve the species boundaries between A. pulchella and A. versicolor .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Peninsular &amp; Borneo); Indonesia (Sumatra, Siberut, Krakatau: Sertung Island, Kalimantan). Records from India and China are likely misidentifications (see Remarks). This species is newly recorded in Danau Sentarum and Betung Kerihun National Parks.</p><p>Natural History. Living spiders from Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum National Parks were found in riparian forests.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87EAFFDAFFF8FF41F9459B3CFE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dhiya’Ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Rahmadi, Cahyo	Dhiya’Ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Rahmadi, Cahyo (2026): A new species of orb-weaver genus Argiope Audouin, 1826 from West Kalimantan, Indonesia, with notes on a new synonymy of Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5845 (2): 304-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.2.5
03AB87EAFFD5FFF8FF4BFE54997AF888.text	03AB87EAFFD5FFF8FF4BFE54997AF888.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gea spinipes C. L. Koch 1843	<div><p>Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843</p><p>Figs 7A–E, 8D, 10</p><p>Gea spinipes C. L. Koch 1843: 101–102, fig. 823.</p><p>Argiope sapoa Barrion &amp; Litsinger 1995: 577–578, fig. 358a–e; Seyfulina &amp; Kartsev 2022: 118, fig. 24. Syn. nov.</p><p>For a complete list of records and synonyms, see World Spider Catalog (2026).</p><p>Type material.: Juvenile holotype of Gea spinipes from THAILAND: “ Puloloz, Ostindien ” [interpreted as Ko Losin by Levi (1983)], considered lost (Levi 1983; not examined); ♀ neotype of Gea spinipes from MALAYSIA: Fraser’s Hill (MCZ) (Levi 1983; not examined). Holotype ♂ of Argiope sapoa from PHILLIPINES: Quezon: Llavac Village (IRRI) [illustrations examined via Barrion &amp; Litsinger (1995)].</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA: West Kalimantan Province: Empai Hill, Danau Sentarum National Park, 0°52'2.04"N, 111°57'16.67"E, elev. 41 m, 1♂, 26.XI.2025; N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq, A.E.N. Elang, A.D. Gonggoli, R. Firmansyah, and H. Wiradarma leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0777); Tekelan Hill, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.46788&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3909084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.46788/lat 1.3909084)">Betung Kerihun National Park</a>, 1°23'27.27"N, 112°28'4.36"E, elev. 120 m, 1♂, 21 Jun. 2025, N.U. Dhiya’ulhaq leg. (MZB NUD-ARA-0012) .</p><p>Diagnosis. See Levi (1983).</p><p>Redescription. Male (based on NUD-ARA-0777). Total length 4.52. Carapace length 2.12; width 1.96. Opisthosoma length 2.40; width 1.92. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.15; ALE 0.08; PLE 0.14; PME 0.16. Interdistances between eyes: AME–AME 0.14; AME–ALE 0.02; ALE–ALE 0.46; PME–PME 0.24; PME–PLE 0.30; ALE–PLE 0.04; AME–PME 0.34; PLE–PLE 0.68. Leg measurements: leg I 8.25 (2.54, 0.64, 1.90, 2.15, 1.02); leg II 7.85 (2.47, 0.69, 1.68, 1.95, 1.06); leg III 4.25 (1.41, 0.34, 0.77, 1.09, 0.64); leg IV 6.46 (2.08, 0.54, 1.26, 1.79, 0.79).</p><p>Carapace round, light brown, cephalic region acutely narrowed (Figs 7A, 8D). Chelicerae pale brown. Maxillae triangular, light brown (Fig. 17B). Labium wider than long, light brown (Fig. 7B). Sternum heart-shaped, light brown (Fig. 7B). Legs brown, striated (Figs 7A, B, 8D). Opisthosoma oval, anteriorly with a pair of small horns; dorsum light brown, posterior half with a dark central patch with undulate margins (Figs 7A, 8B); venter light brown, centrally with a pair of transverse white bars (Fig. 7B). Spinnerets brown (Fig. 7B). Pedipalp with conductor elongated, canoe-shaped, lateral sides forming a wall which envelopes the embolus (Fig. 7C–E); median apophysis highly elongated, longer than conductor, bifurcated with two apices (Fig. 7C, D); basal apex short triangular (Fig. 7C, D); distal apex falciform (Fig. 7C, D); and embolus long filiform, spiraled (Fig. 7C, E).</p><p>Female. See Levi (1983) and Mi et al. (2024).</p><p>Remarks. Argiope sapoa (known only from males; Barrion &amp; Litsinger 1995: 577, fig. 358d–e; Seyfulina &amp; Kartsev 2022: fig. 24) appears to be misplaced in the genus and is more appropriately assigned to Gea, judging by the elongated median apophysis, which are typically smaller in Argiope (Levi, 1983) . Furthermore, based on the original illustrations of the pedipalp, it appears identical to the one of G. spinipes (Fig. 7C–E; Mi et al. 2024: fig. 4A–D), particularly in regard to the large, falciform median apophysis and spiral, filiform embolus. We therefore transfer A. sapoa to the genus Gea and regard it as a junior synonym of G. spinipes .</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan, India, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia (Peninsular &amp; Borneo), Singapore, Indonesia (Siberut, Kalimantan, Maratua) (World Spider Catalog 2026). This species is newly recorded in Danau Sentarum and Betung Kerihun National Parks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87EAFFD5FFF8FF4BFE54997AF888	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dhiya’Ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Rahmadi, Cahyo	Dhiya’Ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Rahmadi, Cahyo (2026): A new species of orb-weaver genus Argiope Audouin, 1826 from West Kalimantan, Indonesia, with notes on a new synonymy of Gea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5845 (2): 304-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5845.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5845.2.5
