identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A187DA0578FFDF8EC8FD44FC05FD8C.text	03A187DA0578FFDF8EC8FD44FC05FD8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anthurium petraeum Theofilo, D. F. Silva & R. S. Ribeiro 2025	<div><p>Anthurium petraeum Theófilo, D.F.Silva &amp; R.S.Ribeiro, sp. nov. (Fig. 1)</p><p>Anthurium petraeum differs from A. sagrilloanum in having a usually smaller geniculum (0.9–1.3 cm vs. 0.6–2.5 cm), leaf blade adaxial surface sparsely covered with raphides when dry (vs. densely covered with raphides), abaxial surface pale semi-glossy green when fresh (vs. light green and matte), spathe dull greenish yellow with vinaceous nuances (vs. greenish), spadix 18.5–20.5 cm long (vs. 5.2–15.7 cm), bright clear red in pre-anthesis, brownish in anthesis, pale brownish in post-anthesis (vs. gray-greenish in pre-anthesis, purplish in anthesis, pale greenish to brownish in post-anthesis), with 9–10 flowers visible per principal spiral (vs. 4–6) and 11–12 secondary spiral (vs. 7–10).</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.355553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.403055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.355553/lat -19.403055)">Fazenda São José</a>, 19º24’11”S, 40º21’20”W, ca. 142 m a.s.l., 07 April 2022, D.F.Silva 415 et R.S. Ribeiro (holotype VIES! , isotype RB!).</p><p>Rupicolous herb; stem up to 30 cm long, erect to decumbent, internodes 0.9–1.5 cm; prophylls and cataphylls 5.5–14.5 cm long, greenish when young, chestnut or brownish to greenish when old, persistent and entire at stem apex, net-fiber at stem base; sheath 2.0– 6.9 cm long, not ligulate. Leaf not peltate, petiole erect, 18.0–38.4 × 0.6–0.9 cm, greenish, U-shaped or D-shaped, flattened to slightly concave adaxially with obtuse margins, rounded abaxially, covered with raphides, without glandular punctations; geniculum 0.9–1.3 cm, clear matte green when fresh, drying blacker than rest of petiole, flattened to slightly concave adaxially, with obtuse margins, rounded abaxially, without glandular punctations; leaf blade erect, ovate, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 31.5–39.0 × 20.0– 23.5 cm, coriaceous, apex acute to mucronate, base cordate, upper surface matte medium to dark green, drying medium green and sparsely covered with raphides, abaxial surface pale semi-glossy green, drying pale green, without glandular punctations; anterior lobe 31.5–39.0 cm long, posterior lobes 3.5–6.5 cm long, 7.0– 9.7 cm wide, imbricate or not, rounded and concave at apex, sinus parabolic to triangular; midrib greenish and lighter than blade adaxially, flattened at base, rounded and prominent at apex adaxially, rounded and prominent abaxially; basal veins 2 to 4, all free to base; primary lateral veins 23–33 on both sides, obscured to poorly visible adaxially when fresh, raised below abaxially when fresh, arched; interprimary veins barely distinct from primary lateral veins; collective vein arising at the base of the blade, 0.7–1.8 cm from the margin; marginal vein 1. Inflorescence with peduncle greenish, erect, terete, 33.3–75.3 × 0.5–0.6 cm, covered with raphides, glandular punctations absent; apical geniculum absent; peduncle: petiole ratio 1.0–2.9:1.0; spathe spreading, ovate to lanceolate, 13.5–14.3 × 2.0– 3.8 cm, chartaceous, dull greenish yellow with vinaceous nuances, adaxial surface with 3-veins sparsely deeply when fresh, coriaceous and chestnut to red-brown when dry, acutely decurrent at base for 1.2–3.1 cm, rostrate to acuminate at apex, erect at pre-anthesis, apically reflexed at anthesis, pustules absent, both surfaces densely covered with white speckles, forming a acute angle with peduncle; spadix sessile, tapered, curved, 18.5–20.5 × 0.6–0.8 cm, bright clear red at pre-anthesis, brownish in anthesis, pale brownish at post-anthesis; 9 to 10 flowers visible per principal spiral, 11 to 12 visible per secondary spiral. Flowers rhombic, tepals bright clear red at pre-anthesis, brownish at anthesis, brownish post-anthesis, dorsally acute, internally convex; lateral tepals 1.74– 1.85 × 1.79–1.92 mm, anterior/posterior tepals 1.61–1.95 × 1.12–1.14 mm; stamens emerging in a scattered manner, laterals first followed quickly by alternates filaments flattened, striated, 1.66–1.68 × 0.44–0.46 mm; anthers dorsifixed, extrorse, 0.51–0.53 × 0.44–0.45 mm; pistils purplish, oblong, emergent, stigma sessile, rounded, ovary bilocular, 1.90–1.93 × 0.53–0.65 mm, 1 ovule per locule, with axial placentation. Infructescence not seen.</p><p>Etymology:— The specific epithet petraeum refers to its limited occurrence on the inselbergs.</p><p>Phenology:— Flowering in January and April.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Anthurium petraeum was found on inselbergs surrounded by submontane seasonal semideciduous forest fragments (Veloso et al. 1991), in the Atlantic Forest Domain from Espírito Santo State, Brazil (Figure 2). At the type locality, the plants occur preferentially in scrub (see Figure 1 A–C). It can be stated that there are less than 50 adults in the locality and that even under impact the assessed population has juveniles.</p><p>Preliminary conservation status: —Since more information is needed regarding the species geographic distribution and population size, we categorize the species as Data Deficient [DD] at this time. To the north of the Doce River there are other inselbergs that will allow a more accurate conservation assessment.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes): — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares [Marilândia], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.355553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.403055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.355553/lat -19.403055)">São Rafael a Marilândia</a>, 19º24’26”S, 40º30’42”W, ca. 115 m a.s.l., 11 January 2010, D.Folli 6532 (CVRD!). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.355553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.403055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.355553/lat -19.403055)">Fazenda São José</a>, 19°24’11”S, 40°21’20”W, ca. 142 m a.s.l., 22 October 2023, R.S. Ribeiro 910 (VIES!) ; ibid. 22 October 2023, R.S. Ribeiro 912 (VIES!); ibid. 22 October 2023, R.S. Ribeiro 913 (VIES!) .</p><p>Features and affinities:— Despite the analysis of different materials, it was not possible to undoubtedly assign to which section A. petraeum belongs due to the absence of flowers at the right stage to observe the funicles. Current perspectives indicate a strong need for an integrative approach to evaluate whether the cordate leaf species group constitutes a lineage-restricted to eastern South America, mainly due to the peculiar presence of trichomes on the funicle, a character usually associated to the section Urospadix Engl. (Temponi 2006) . Species description efforts seem to have reached stability (Cardozo et al. 2014; Coelho et al. 2009) in the southern portion of the Atlantic Forest (see Fiasch &amp; Pirani 2009). However, the region above the Doce River must be treated as insufficiently known, due to the significant collection gap that exists in the southern Bahia, especially the zone of ecological tension (IBGE 2012), regionally known as “Mata de Cipó” (Pontes et al. 2014). This sector also constitutes the northern limit of Sugarloaf Land, where species with cordate leaves have been described (Valadares et al. 2019, 2020).</p><p>It is important to note that as Araceae are targets for rescue during infrastructure works in Brazil, some leaf characteristics can be used to distinguish juveniles of A. petraeum and A. sagrilloanum . The posterior lobes of the former are never imbricate, whereas they are in A. sagrilloanum .</p><p>The specimen D.Folli 6532 listed here was once identified as a morphotype of Anthurium xanthophylloides G.M.Barroso by T.A.Pontes (CVRD 12877), whose interpretation was also followed by Valadares et al. (2020). However, although some specimens of A. xanthophylloides present variations in the prominence of the primary lateral veins, these are common with the higher order veins in D.Folli 6532, in addition to not having a ligulate sheath. The distribution of this specimen is ca. 20 km from the type locality of A. petraeum, which makes this species restricted to inselbergs north of the Doce River (Fig. 2).</p><p>Other characteristics that distinguish A. petraeum from A. xanthophylloides includes the leaf blade ovate to narrowly ovate (vs. triangular ovate), primary lateral veins 23 to 33 obscured to poorly visible (vs. 11–17 and convexly raised above and below) and spathe spreading (vs. erect) (Barroso 1970).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187DA0578FFDF8EC8FD44FC05FD8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valadares, Rodrigo Theófilo;Silva, Diego Ferreira Da;Ribeiro, Ricardo Da Silva	Valadares, Rodrigo Theófilo, Silva, Diego Ferreira Da, Ribeiro, Ricardo Da Silva (2025): A new species of Anthurium (Araceae) with cordate leaves from Sugarloaf Land, Brazil. Phytotaxa 732 (3): 289-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.732.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.732.3.6
