taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A01844FFD98271FDF39221FA99FCC3.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Rhaphium macrocerum Meigen, 1803, by designation of Curtis, 1835.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD98271FDF39221FA99FCC3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Rhaphium as a whole may be recognised by the following features (modified after Yang et al. 2011): body small to large (1.5 – 7 mm); vertex flat; ocellar seta nearly as long as vertical seta; face distinctly narrower than frons; clypeus not distinctly separated from face; antenna black, postpedicel elongate, usually 2 – 10 × as long as wide at base, rarely shorter or longer; arista apical; propleuron without distinct bristle, but with dense white hairs; hind coxa with or without an exterior bristle near middle; mid and hind femora both with preapical bristle (s); wing vein M 1 + 2 straight and not bifurcated, R 4 + 5 apically parallel with M 1 + 2 or slightly convergent; vein dm-m shorter than distal part of M 4; abdominal segments 1 – 3 usually with long pale hairs, segment 6 visible and hairy; male terminalia small, connected tightly with pregenital segment, hidden in apex of abdomen, cap-like, cercus usually long and narrowed towards tip, with hairs and bristles.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD98271FDF39221FA99FCC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks The Afrotropical fauna now includes 18 species closely related to the Palaearctic species of the former genus (or subgenus) Xiphandrium Loew, 1857, with the type species Rhaphium ensicorne Meigen, 1824. The Afrotropical species are easily recognised by the possession of a long antennal postpedicel, with usually short apical arista-like stylus in males (Fig. 1 A). The male cercus is usually bi-lobed, with one short outer and one long inner lobe (except for Rhaphium appendiculatum with simple cercus). Females of close species are poorly distinguishable (Grichanov 1995). The adult body size of Afrotropical species is small (2.1 – 4.1 mm).	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8271FDA5934EFCDEFB34.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined ST HELENA • 1 ♂; Sandy Bay, Blarney Bridge; 300 ft a. s. l.; 9 Dec. 1967; RMCA.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8271FDA5934EFCDEFB34.taxon	distribution	Distribution St Helena (introduced); West and Central Palaearctic.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8271FD9A954DFECEF917.taxon	description	Figs 1 A, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8271FD9A954DFECEF917.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype UGANDA • ♂; Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley; 13 000 – 14 000 ft a. s. l.; Dec. 1934 – Jan. 1935; F. W. Edwards leg.; “ B. M. E. Afr. Exped. B. M. 1935 – 203 ”; BMNH.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8271FD9A954DFECEF917.taxon	distribution	Distribution Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8273FDB29772FEFFFD5F.taxon	description	Figs 1 B, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8273FDB29772FEFFFD5F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype KENYA • ♂; Aberdare Range, Katamayo; 8000 ft a. s. l.; Oct. 1934; F. W. Edwards leg.; “ B. M. E. Afr. Exped. B. M. 1935 – 203 ”; BMNH. Other material examined KENYA • 1 ♂; Kiambu County; 0.932 ° S, 36.616 ° E; 2600 m a. s. l.; 18 Dec. 2013; N. Vikhrev leg.; ZMUM.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDF8273FDB29772FEFFFD5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Kenya.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDD8273FDF892BBFC34FA20.taxon	description	Figs 1 I, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDD8273FDF892BBFC34FA20.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • ♂; Dohne; [32 º 32 ′ S, 27 º 27 ′ E]; 12 Apr. 1925; H. K. Munro leg; NMSA. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Hogsback, Tyume Forest; 32 º 36 ′ 174 ″ S, 26 º 56 ′ 303 ″ E; 1166 m a. s. l.; 10 Apr. 2010; A. H. Kirk-Spriggs and V. de Swart leg.; sweeping indigenous afromontane forest; BMSA • 1 ♂; Hogsback, Redwood trail; 32 º 35 ′ 337 ″ S, 26 º 56 ′ 135 ″ E; 1169 m a. s. l.; 26 Mar. 2011; A. H. Kirk-Spriggs leg.; sweeping forest paths and glades; BMSA • 1 ♀; Tsitsikamma N. P., Bloukrans Pass, Platbos; 33 ° 56 ′ 558 ″ S, 23 ° 37 ′ 566 ″ E; 22 – 25 Jan. 2009; A. H. Kirk-Spriggs and S. Otto leg.; sweeping forest path, indigenous forest; BMSA.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDD8273FDF892BBFC34FA20.taxon	distribution	Distribution Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDD8273FD9A9641FECEF803.taxon	description	Figs 1 C, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDD8273FD9A9641FECEF803.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype UGANDA • ♂; Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley; 10 200 ft a. s. l.; Dec. 1934 – Jan. 1935; F. W. Edwards leg.; “ B. M. E. Afr. Exped. B. M. 1935 – 203 ”; BMNH.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDD8273FD9A9641FECEF803.taxon	distribution	Distribution Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC8272FD92916BFE95FD69.taxon	description	Figs 1 D, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC8272FD92916BFE95FD69.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype UGANDA • ♂; Mt Elgon, Balambuli; 9500 ft a. s. l.; 8 Aug. 1934; J. Ford leg.; “ B. M. 1935 - 459; On Lobelia aberdaric a ”; BMNH.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC8272FD92916BFE95FD69.taxon	distribution	Distribution Kenya, Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC8272FDB09288FECEFB70.taxon	description	Figs 1 E, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC8272FDB09288FECEFB70.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype UGANDA • ♂; Ruwenzori Range; Namwamba Valley; 10 200 ft a. s. l.; Dec. 1934 – Jan. 1935; F. W. Edwards leg.; “ B. M. E. Afr. Exped. B. M. 1935 – 203 ”; BMNH.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC8272FDB09288FECEFB70.taxon	distribution	Distribution Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC827DFD869492FDE6FD54.taxon	description	Figs 1 F, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC827DFD869492FDE6FD54.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotypes KENYA • ♀; Elgon Saw mill, Mt Elgon, Vers Est, Camp III; 2470 m; a. s. l. Dec.; C. Arambourg, P. - A. Chappuis and R. Jeannel leg.; “ Mus. Paris, Miss. de l’Omo; 1932 - 33 // Type [red label), Sympycnus pectiniger n. sp., Type, O. Parent ”; MNHN. DR CONGO • ♂; P. N. A., vers Rweru, Volc. Mikeno; 2400 m a. s. l.; 26 – 27 Jul. 1934; G. F. de Witte leg.; “ (Bambous), 501, Coll. Mus. Congo (ex coll. IPNCB) // Type [red label], P. Vanschuytbroeck det., 1950, Xiphandrium rweruense n. sp. ”; RMCA • ♀; P. N. U., Lusinga; 7 Apr. 1947; Miss. G. F. de Witte leg.; “ 180 a, Type [red label], P. Vanschuytbroeck det., Syntormon spiculus n. sp. ”; RMCA • ♂; P. N. A., Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge; 2480 m a. s. l.; 25 – 29 Aug. 1952; P. Vanschuytbroeck and L. Kekenbosch leg.; “ 840 - 43, étage bambous; riv. Nyamwamba-Ihongero // Holotypus, Rhaphium vanschuytbroecki Negrobov, Grichanov & Bakary [red label] ”; RBINS. Other material examined KENYA • 2 ♂♂; Laikipia County, Thomson’s Falls; 0.05 ° N, 36.38 ° E; 2350 m a. s. l.; 29 – 30 Dec. 2013; N. Vikhrev leg.; ZMUM • 1 ♂; Kiambu County, 0.932 ° S, 36.616 ° E; 2600 m a. s. l.; 18 Dec. 2013; N. Vikhrev leg.; ZMUM.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFDC827DFD869492FDE6FD54.taxon	distribution	Distribution DR Congo, Kenya, Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD3827DFDEC92AEFEFFFBB7.taxon	description	Figs 1 G, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD3827DFDEC92AEFEFFFBB7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype KENYA • ♂; Mt Elgon; 10500 – 11500 ft a. s. l.; Feb. 1935; F. W. Edwards leg.; “ B. M. E. Afr. Exped. B. M. 1935 – 203; Heath Zone ”; BMNH.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD3827DFDEC92AEFEFFFBB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution Kenya.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD3827DFDE194D3FD6BF8B5.taxon	description	Figs 2 A – С, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD3827DFDE194D3FD6BF8B5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; Kloof Nek, Cape Town; 1 – 2 Jan. 1972; “ Southern African Exped. B. M. 1972 - 1 ”; BMNH. Other material examined KENYA • 2 ♂♂; Laikipia County, Thomson’s Falls; 0.05 ° S, 36.38 ° E; 2350 m a. s. l.; 29 – 30 Dec. 2013; N. Vikhrev leg.; ZMUM. SOUTH AFRICA – Free State • 1 ♂; Harrismith Dist., Mooihoekkop; 28 ° 10 ′ 50.0 ′′ S, 29 ° 10 ′ 51.1 ′′ E; ca 1800 m a. s. l.; 14 – 16 Sep. 2009; A. H. Kirk-Spriggs leg.; Malaise traps, Leucosedea - dominated scrub; BMSA, (D) 08837.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD3827DFDE194D3FD6BF8B5.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Africa. First record from Kenya.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFDED916BFEFFFD6B.taxon	description	Figs 1 H, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFDED916BFEFFFD6B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype KENYA • ♂; Mt Kenya, N side; 11 000 – 12 000 ft; a. s. l. 20 – 22 Dec. 1980; P. S. Cranston leg.; Heather, stream; BMNH, B. M. 1981 - 79.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFDED916BFEFFFD6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Kenya.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFE52928FFDF2FAA0.taxon	description	Figs 2 D – E, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFE52928FFDF2FAA0.taxon	materials_examined	DR CONGO • ♂; “ P. N. A., vers Mt. Kamatembe ”; ca 2300 m a. s. l.; 7 – 23 Jan. 1935; G. F. de Witte leg.; “ 1054, Coll. Mus. Congo (ex coll. IPNCB) // Type [red label], Xiphandrium sexsetosum n. sp. ”; RMCA •	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFE52928FFDF2FAA0.taxon	materials_examined	♂; “ Congo Belge, P. N. A., Massif Ruwenzori, Kyandolire ”; 1700 m a. s. l.; 7 – 15 Oct. 1952; P. Vanschuytbroeck and L. Kekenbosch leg.; “ Camp de Gardes, 840 - 43 // Holotypus, Rhaphium grootaerti Negrobov, Grichanov & Bakary [red label] ”; RBINS.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFE52928FFDF2FAA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution Burundi, DR Congo, Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFD9995C1FECEF883.taxon	description	Figs 2 F, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFD9995C1FECEF883.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype UGANDA • ♂; Ruwenzori Range, Namwamba Valley; 6500 ft a. s. l.; Dec. 1934 – Jan. 1935; F. W. Edwards leg.; “ B. M. E. Afr. Exped.; B. M. 1935 – 203 ”; BMNH.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD2827CFD9995C1FECEF883.taxon	distribution	Distribution Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD0827EFE69916BFDE6FC43.taxon	description	Figs 2 G, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD0827EFE69916BFDE6FC43.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype DR CONGO • ♂; “ Congo Belge, P. N. A., Mont Hoyo ”; 1280 m a. s. l.; 7 – 15 Jul. 1955; P. Vanschuytbroeck leg.; “ 13274 – 309; sur plantes basses // Holotypus, Rhaphium zairense Negrobov, Grichanov & Bakary [red label] ”; RBINS. Other material examined KENYA • 1 ♂; Rift Valley Prov., Mpala Ranch, Brungi; 0 º 21.752 ′ S, 36 º 51.723 ′ E; 1731 m a. s. l.; 18 Apr. 2011; A. H. Kirk-Spriggs and Copeland leg.; swept from wet area with grasses; BMSA.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD0827EFE69916BFDE6FC43.taxon	distribution	Distribution. DR Congo, Kenya, Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD0827EFDB593A6FECEFAAF.taxon	description	Figs 2 H, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD0827EFDB593A6FECEFAAF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype UGANDA • ♂; Kigezi Dist., Mt Mgahinga; 10 000 – 11 000 ft a. s. l.; Nov. 1934; F. W. Edwards leg.; “ B. M. E. Afr. Exped., B. M. 1935 – 203 ”; BMNH.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD0827EFDB593A6FECEFAAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution Uganda.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD08278FDF395CBFED7FC10.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 05610 A 34 - 0 C 00 - 417 B- 96 DA-A 3 FCB 473381 C Figs 3, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD08278FDF395CBFED7FC10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of R. amharaense sp. nov. differ from those of other species of the Rhaphium pectinigerum subgroup by the following combination of characters: postpedicel about 20 × as long as arista-like stylus; fore tibia with ventral setulae, shorter than diameter of tibia; cercus bi-lobed, slightly shorter than epandrium, and surstylus entire. Other species of the Rhaphium pectinigerum subgroup have a much longer arista-like stylus and male cercus.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD08278FDF395CBFED7FC10.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after the Amhara Province of Ethiopia, where the types have been collected.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD08278FDF395CBFED7FC10.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ETHIOPIA – Amhara • ♂; Tana Lake env.; 3180 m a. s. l.; 11.74 ° N, 38.30 ° E; 5 Aug. 2012; N. Vikhrev leg.; ZMUM. Paratypes ETHIOPIA – Amhara • 8 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; ZMUM.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD08278FDF395CBFED7FC10.taxon	description	Description Males (Fig. 3) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.4 mm, antenna length 1.1 mm, wing length 2.4 mm, wing width 0.8 mm. HEAD. Frons metallic black, slightly grey pollinose; face densely silvery-white pollinose, wide, below antennae 2 × as wide as height of postpedicel; occiput black, grey pollinose; palpi and proboscis short, black, with black setae; antenna (Fig. 3 B) black, 1.5 × as long as height of head; postpedicel long, narrow, band-like, densely pubescent, ratio of its length to height at base, 0.87 / 0.10; length ratios of scape to pedicel to postpedicel to stylus (in mm): 0.09 / 0.07 / 0.87 / 0.04; lower postocular setae white. THORAX. Mesonotum metallic black, pleura grey pollinose; three pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced hairs anteriorly, and pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs of strong bristles, 2 – 3 acrosticals between first dorsocentrals in one row. LEGS. Mostly yellow, mid and hind coxae blackish, tarsi brown from tip of basitarsus; fore coxa with yellow hairs and black apical bristles of different length; mid coxa anteriorly with black hairs and 2 strong black bristles, without apical spine; hind coxa with 1 long black outer bristle, with few short hairs; fore, mid and hind femora with few preapical setae or hairs; fore tibia with dorsal row of about 10 setae along its entire length, beginning from extreme base; fore tarsus simple, with simple setulae; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 shorter posterodorsal, 1 short posteroventral and 4 apical bristles; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal and 3 apical bristles. Length ratios of femur, tibia, tarsomeres 1 – 5 (in mm): fore leg: 0.62 / 0.66 / 0.33 / 0.28 / 0.21 / 0.16 / 0.14, mid leg: 0.78 / 0.86 / 0.39 / 0.25 / 0.16 / 0.1 / 0.1, hind leg: 0.99 / 1.09 / 0.31 / 0.31 / 0.22 / 0.12 / 0.11. WING. Greyish; lengths (mm) of costal sections between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 and that between R 4 + 5 and M 1, 0.49 / 0.18, respectively; length (mm) of dm-m to distal part of M 4, 0.22 / 0.44; lower calypter yellow, with brownish cilia; halter yellow. ABDOMEN. Metallic black, with black hairs and setae; hypopygium (Fig. 3 C) black, with black setae; hypandrium with 2 curved lobes; phallus simple; cercus and surstylus black; cercus slightly shorter than epandrium, narrow, with black hairs; basal lobe of cercus ¼ as long as inner lobe; surstylus (Fig. 3 D) subtriangular, with relatively long mid-dorsal lobe. Female Unknown.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD6827AFDC59471FED7FE35.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 248 A 2 EAA- 9631 - 47 ED-B 233 - 7663 B 4294 D 9 F Figs 4, 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD6827AFDC59471FED7FE35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of R. gobaense sp. nov. and R. vikhrevi sp. nov. differ from those of other species of the Rhaphium pectinigerum subgroup by the surstylus deeply bifurcated, with long thin lobes. Rhaphium gobaense differs from R. vikhrevi in the arista-like stylus 1 / 6 as long as the postpedicel; the cercus has an outer lobe ⅔ as long as the inner lobe. Males of R. vikhrevi have an arista-like stylus 2 / 5 as long as the postpedicel; the cercus has an outer lobe less than half as long as the inner lobe.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD6827AFDC59471FED7FE35.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after the Goba Province of Ethiopia, where the types have been collected.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD6827AFDC59471FED7FE35.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ETHIOPIA – Oromia • ♂; Goba; Tana Lake env.; 3070 m a. s. l.; 6.933 ° N, 39.95 ° E; 7 Dec. 2023; N. Vikhrev leg.; ZMUM. Paratypes ETHIOPIA – Oromia • 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; ZMUM • 3 ♂♂; Bale, 12 km E of Adaba, river; 30 Jan. 2000; A. Freidberg and I. Yarom leg.; SMNHTAU.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD6827AFDC59471FED7FE35.taxon	description	Description Males (Fig. 4) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.7 mm, antenna length 1.3 mm, wing length 3 mm, wing width 1 mm. HEAD. Frons metallic black, grey pollinose; face densely silvery-white pollinose, wide, below antennae 2 × as wide as height of postpedicel; occiput black, grey pollinose; palpi and proboscis short, black, with black setae; antenna (Fig. 4 B) black, 2 × as long as height of head; postpedicel long, narrow, band-like, densely pubescent, ratio of its length to height at base, 0.96 / 0.10; length ratios of scape to pedicel to postpedicel to stylus (in mm): 0.08 / 0.06 / 0.96 / 0.17; lower postocular setae white. THORAX. Mesonotum metallic black, pleura grey pollinose; three pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced hairs anteriorly, and pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs of strong bristles, 2 – 3 acrosticals between first dorsocentrals in one row. LEGS. Mostly yellow, mid and hind coxae mostly black, hind femur brown dorsally at apex; tarsi brown from tip of basitarsus; fore coxa with yellow hairs and black apical bristles of different length; mid coxa anteriorly with yellow and brownish hairs and 2 strong black bristles, with thin black apical spine; hind coxa with 1 long black outer bristle, with few short hairs; fore, mid and hind femora with few preapical setae or hairs; mid femur with strong preapical anterior bristle; fore tibia with dorsal row of about 15 short setae along its entire length, with 1 ventral seta; fore tarsus simple, with somewhat elongated dorsal setulae; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 shorter posterodorsal, 1 short posteroventral and 4 apical bristles; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal, few short ventral setae and 3 apical bristles. Length ratios of femur, tibia, tarsomeres 1 – 5 (in mm): fore leg: 0.76 / 0.76 / 0.51 / 0.31 / 0.22 / 0.13 / 0.13, mid leg: 0.95 / 1.07 / 0.55 / 0.31 / 0.25 / 0.15 / 0.11, hind leg: 1.12 / 1.42 / 0.4 / 0.4 / 0.28 / 0.19 / 0.11. WING. Greyish, almost hyaline. Lengths (mm) of costal sections between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 and this between R 4 + 5 and M 1, 0.55 / 0.16, respectively; length (mm) of dm-m to distal part of M 4, 0.24 / 0.65; lower calypter yellow, with yellow cilia; halter yellow. ABDOMEN. Metallic black, with bluish reflection, with black hairs and setae; hypopygium (Fig. 4 C) black, with black setae; hypandrium with 2 curved lobes; phallus simple; cercus and surstylus black; cercus ⅔ as long as epandrium, with 2 narrow lobes, with black hairs; outer lobe of cercus ⅔ as long as inner lobe; surstylus deeply bifurcated, with long thin lobes. Female Unknown.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD48265FDDC924CFED7FC83.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 F 62530 F- 8 EBD- 449 A-B 863 - D 3293 F 21 D 8 F 3 Figs 5 – 6	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD48265FDDC924CFED7FC83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of R. gobaense sp. nov. and R. vikhrevi sp. nov. differ from those of other species of the Rhaphium pectinigerum subgroup by the surstylus deeply bifurcated, with long thin lobes. See diagnosis of R. gobaense above.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD48265FDDC924CFED7FC83.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is dedicated to the collector, the Russian dipterologist Dr Nikita Vikhrev (ZMUM).	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD48265FDDC924CFED7FC83.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ETHIOPIA – Oromia • ♂; Goba, Tana Lake env.; 3070 m a. s. l.; 6.933 ° N, 39.95 ° E; 7 Dec. 2023; N. Vikhrev leg.; ZMUM. Paratypes ETHIOPIA – Oromia • 3 ♂♂, same data as for holotype; ZMUM.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
03A01844FFD48265FDDC924CFED7FC83.taxon	description	Description Males (Fig. 5) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3 mm, antenna length 1.3 mm, wing length 3.3 mm, wing width 1 mm. HEAD. Frons metallic black, with violet reflection, grey pollinose; face densely silvery-white pollinose, narrow, below antennae 1.3 × as wide as height of postpedicel; occiput black, grey pollinose; palpi and proboscis short, black, with black setae; antenna (Fig. 5 B) black, 1.5 × as long as height of head; postpedicel long, narrow, band-like, densely pubescent, ratio of its length to height at base, 0.81 / 0.10; ratios of lengths (mm) of scape to pedicel to postpedicel to arista-like stylus, 0.08 / 0.05 / 0.81 / 0.35; lower postocular setae white. THORAX. Mesonotum metallic black, pleura grey pollinose; three pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced hairs anteriorly, and pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs of strong bristles, 3 – 4 pairs of acrosticals anteriorly in two rows. LEGS. Mostly yellow, mid coxa black in basal half; hind coxa with blackish spot at base; tarsi brown from tip of basitarsus; fore coxa with yellow hairs and black yellow bristles of different length; mid coxa anteriorly with yellow hairs and 2 strong black bristles, with thick brown-black apical spine; hind coxa with 1 long black outer bristle, with few short hairs; fore, mid and hind femora with few preapical setae or hairs; fore femur with 2 ventral rows of hairs, at most half as long as height of femur; mid femur with strong preapical anterior bristle; fore tibia with dorsal row of about 15 short setae along its entire length, with ventral row of about 15 setae, about as long as diametre of tibia; fore tarsus simple, with somewhat elongated dorsal setulae; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 shorter posterodorsal, 1 short posteroventral and 4 apical bristles; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal, 1 dorsal, few short ventral setae and 3 apical bristles. Length ratios of femur, tibia, tarsomeres 1 – 5 (in mm): fore leg 0.83 / 0.84 / 0.52 / 0.34 / 0. 24 / 0.15 / 0.12, mid leg: 1.03 / 1.2 / 0.69 / 0.34 / 0.26 / 0.16 / 0.12, hind leg 1.36 / 1.62 / 0.44 / 0.45 / 0.35 / 0.21 / 0.15. WING. Greyish, almost hyaline. Lengths (mm) of costal sections between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 and that between R 4 + 5 and M 1, 0.56 / 0.17, respectively; length (mm) of dm-m to distal part of M 4, 0.27 / 0.76; lower calypter yellow, with yellow cilia; halter yellow. ABDOMEN. Metallic black, with bluish reflection, with black hairs and setae; hypopygium (Fig. 5 C) black, with black setae; hypandrium with 2 curved lobes; phallus simple; cercus and surstylus black; cercus nearly 1.5 × as long as epandrium, with 2 narrow lobes, with black hairs; outer lobe of cercus 2 / 5 as long as inner lobe; surstylus deeply bifurcated, with long thin lobes. Female Unknown.	en	Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2026): A review of the Afrotropical Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1052: 62-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1052.3267, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3267/14439
