taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03A087D4FFBE137417D9416BFE1EFB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFBE137417D9416BFE1EFB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325357/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325357	Fig. 9. Chlorophytum albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851]. A. Habit. B. Leaf detail. C. Young inflorescence. D. Immature flower. E. Young anther. F. Mature stamen. G. Young fruit. H. Seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 9. Chlorophytum albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851]. A. Habit. B. Leaf detail. C. Young inflorescence. D. Immature flower. E. Young anther. F. Mature stamen. G. Young fruit. H. Seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFBE137417D9416BFE1EFB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325360/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325360	Fig. 10. Type (and only known) locality of Chlorophytum albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. within the Amoroni’i Mania Region (N.B. the plotted point for the species to the east of the Itremo protected area is approximate, see relevant text).	Fig. 10. Type (and only known) locality of Chlorophytum albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. within the Amoroni’i Mania Region (N.B. the plotted point for the species to the east of the Itremo protected area is approximate, see relevant text).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFBB1377144E4050FC06FE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFBB1377144E4050FC06FE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325362/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325362	Fig. 11. Distribution of Chlorophytum ankarense H.Perrier in Boeny, Atsimo-Andrefana and Androy Regions.	Fig. 11. Distribution of Chlorophytum ankarense H.Perrier in Boeny, Atsimo-Andrefana and Androy Regions.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFB81349146D462DFEFCFBBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFB81349146D462DFEFCFBBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFB81349146D462DFEFCFBBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325368/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325368	Fig. 12. Distribution of Chlorophytum appendiculatum H.Perrier, in Atsimo-Andrefana, Androy and Anosy Regions.	Fig. 12. Distribution of Chlorophytum appendiculatum H.Perrier, in Atsimo-Andrefana, Androy and Anosy Regions.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF86134B17F4404EFB0DF92D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF86134B17F4404EFB0DF92D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF86134B17F4404EFB0DF92D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325563/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325563	Fig. 13. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; L. Nusbaumer & F. Ranirison 2033, G [G00090381]. A. Habit. B. Young fruit with pedicel. C. Fruit. D–E. two sides of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 13. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; L. Nusbaumer & F. Ranirison 2033, G [G00090381]. A. Habit. B. Young fruit with pedicel. C. Fruit. D–E. two sides of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF86134B17F4404EFB0DF92D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325569/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325569	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF84134E17EA42E0FB42FBDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF84134E17EA42E0FB42FBDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325378/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325378	Fig. 14. Chlorophytum basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower.D. Stamen.E. Young fruit.A–D afterT. Andriamihajarivo, B. Rakotonirina & J.N. Rakotonirina 417, holotype: MO [MO-3020298]; E after iNaturalist 9931965. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 14. Chlorophytum basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower.D. Stamen.E. Young fruit.A–D afterT. Andriamihajarivo, B. Rakotonirina & J.N. Rakotonirina 417, holotype: MO [MO-3020298]; E after iNaturalist 9931965. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF84134E17EA42E0FB42FBDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325565/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325565	Fig. 15. Map showing the known range of Chlorophytum basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.	Fig. 15. Map showing the known range of Chlorophytum basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF81134017E54092FCA6F876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF81134017E54092FCA6F876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325390/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325390	Fig. 16. Chlorophytum candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; P. Ranirison & L. Nusbaumer 875, G [G00019617]. A. Habit. B. leaf-base detail. C. Leaf, abaxial surface detail. D. Stamen. E. Fruit with flowering remains. F–G. two faces of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 16. Chlorophytum candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; P. Ranirison & L. Nusbaumer 875, G [G00019617]. A. Habit. B. leaf-base detail. C. Leaf, abaxial surface detail. D. Stamen. E. Fruit with flowering remains. F–G. two faces of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF81134017E54092FCA6F876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325569/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325569	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF8E134514434518FEDDF945.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF8E134514434518FEDDF945.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF8E134514434518FEDDF945.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325398/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325398	Fig. 17. Distribution of Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker (black dots), C. aff. chloranthum (red dots), C. cf. chloranthum (blue dot).	Fig. 17. Distribution of Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker (black dots), C. aff. chloranthum (red dots), C. cf. chloranthum (blue dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF89135917D04126FD4DFA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF89135917D04126FD4DFA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF89135917D04126FD4DFA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424254/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424254	Fig. 18. Chlorophytum darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G[G00019617]. A. Leaves (the separate leaves on the specimen are shown in situ).B. Inflorescence. C. Inflorescence detail, flowers and young fruit (from picture of the living plant). D. Flower. E. Stamen. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 18. Chlorophytum darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G[G00019617]. A. Leaves (the separate leaves on the specimen are shown in situ).B. Inflorescence. C. Inflorescence detail, flowers and young fruit (from picture of the living plant). D. Flower. E. Stamen. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF89135917D04126FD4DFA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325569/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325569	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF96135C14524208FAECFDBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF96135C14524208FAECFDBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325577/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325577	Fig. 20. Distribution of Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier, with inset enlarged map of the cluster of known localities between Ambinanibe, the airport and Tôlanaro town.	Fig. 20. Distribution of Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier, with inset enlarged map of the cluster of known localities between Ambinanibe, the airport and Tôlanaro town.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF93135F1430464FFC5DFBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF93135F1430464FFC5DFBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF93135F1430464FFC5DFBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF93135F1430464FFC5DFBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325581/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325581	Fig. 21. Distribution ofChlorophytum decipiens Baker, including a single locality within theAmbohitantely Special Reserve, in the NE of the species’ range.	Fig. 21. Distribution ofChlorophytum decipiens Baker, including a single locality within theAmbohitantely Special Reserve, in the NE of the species’ range.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9013531790408CFB92FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9013531790408CFB92FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9013531790408CFB92FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9013531790408CFB92FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325586/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325586	Fig. 22. Distribution of Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (black dots), with enlargement for two locality clusters: 1. the upper enlarged area – to the east and south of the Itremo Massif protected area; 2. the lower enlarged area – to the north of Andringitra National Park. Note the other scattered localities to the N and the S.	Fig. 22. Distribution of Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (black dots), with enlargement for two locality clusters: 1. the upper enlarged area – to the east and south of the Itremo Massif protected area; 2. the lower enlarged area – to the north of Andringitra National Park. Note the other scattered localities to the N and the S.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9C1355144A4222FD2AFCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9C1355144A4222FD2AFCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325592/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325592	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9A135617BA47A5FC55F8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF9A135617BA47A5FC55F8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325592/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325592	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF99135714524376FAE3F877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF99135714524376FAE3F877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FF99135714524376FAE3F877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325594/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325594	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE7132A17844518FC53FCA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE7132A17844518FC53FCA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE7132A17844518FC53FCA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325594/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325594	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE5132B171F4765FE0DFADD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325594/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325594	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE4132E17C84191FD24FCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE4132E17C84191FD24FCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325596/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325596	Fig. 25. Chlorophytum helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865]. A. Habit. B. Bracts and portion of the rachis. C. Flower. D–E. Stamen front (anther) and back. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 25. Chlorophytum helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865]. A. Habit. B. Bracts and portion of the rachis. C. Flower. D–E. Stamen front (anther) and back. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE4132E17C84191FD24FCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325600/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325600	Fig. 26. Type locality of Chlorophytum helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.	Fig. 26. Type locality of Chlorophytum helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE11321146D479EFED5FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE11321146D479EFED5FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE11321146D479EFED5FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE11321146D479EFED5FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325602/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325602	Fig. 27. Distribution of Chlorophytum humbertianum H.Perrier.	Fig. 27. Distribution of Chlorophytum humbertianum H.Perrier.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEE132217CC4607FD4CFDB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEE132217CC4607FD4CFDB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325604/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325604	Fig. 28. Type locality of Chlorophytum hypoxiforme (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly, between the Bemarivo and Mahazamba rivers, on the Tampoketsa plateau, in the Betsiboka Region.	Fig. 28. Type locality of Chlorophytum hypoxiforme (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly, between the Bemarivo and Mahazamba rivers, on the Tampoketsa plateau, in the Betsiboka Region.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEC132514604518FAE3FD26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEC132514604518FAE3FD26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEC132514604518FAE3FD26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325606/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325606	Fig. 29. Chlorophytum madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. holotype; H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower. D. Stamen, posterior face. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 29. Chlorophytum madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. holotype; H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower. D. Stamen, posterior face. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEC132514604518FAE3FD26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325610/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325610	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEA132517F046E8FAECF876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEA132517F046E8FAECF876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFEA132517F046E8FAECF876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325610/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325610	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE9132617634518FE75F876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE9132617634518FE75F876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325606/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325606	Fig. 29. Chlorophytum madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. holotype; H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower. D. Stamen, posterior face. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 29. Chlorophytum madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. holotype; H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower. D. Stamen, posterior face. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFE9132617634518FE75F876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325610/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325610	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF71339176F4518FABEFDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325610/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325610	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF5133B16864518FE98FE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF5133B16864518FE98FE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325610/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325610	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF4133B14614639FB48FA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325610/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325610	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	Fig. 30. Distribution of Chlorophytum madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (black dots), var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (blue dots), var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (red dots), var. pervillei Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal nom. nov. (green dots), and aff. madagascariense (orange dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF4133D17E54159FAE2FA93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF4133D17E54159FAE2FA93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF4133D17E54159FAE2FA93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF4133D17E54159FAE2FA93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325615/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325615	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF4133D17E54159FAE2FA93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325617/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325617	Fig. 32. Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamens, two types, posterior face. D. Fruit. E. Seed, two faces. A–C after holotype, Humbert 28824; P [P06169895]; D–E after Bosser 19916, P [P06169882]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 32. Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamens, two types, posterior face. D. Fruit. E. Seed, two faces. A–C after holotype, Humbert 28824; P [P06169895]; D–E after Bosser 19916, P [P06169882]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF4133D17E54159FAE2FA93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325623/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325623	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF2133017644158FC99F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF2133017644158FC99F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325615/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325615	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF2133017644158FC99F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325617/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325617	Fig. 32. Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamens, two types, posterior face. D. Fruit. E. Seed, two faces. A–C after holotype, Humbert 28824; P [P06169895]; D–E after Bosser 19916, P [P06169882]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 32. Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamens, two types, posterior face. D. Fruit. E. Seed, two faces. A–C after holotype, Humbert 28824; P [P06169895]; D–E after Bosser 19916, P [P06169882]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF2133017644158FC99F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325623/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325623	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF2133017644158FC99F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFFF1331176E427DFD4BF931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325615/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325615	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFFF1331176E427DFD4BF931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325623/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325623	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFFE1334176A42FCFB61FD64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFFE1334176A42FCFB61FD64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325615/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325615	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	Fig. 31. Distribution of Chlorophytum meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale (black dots); subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (blue dots); subsp. tulearense Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dots).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFFE1334176A42FCFB61FD64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325623/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325623	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 33. A–B. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov.A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Chlorophytum meridionale subsp. ihosyense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. A–B after holotype, R. Ranaivojaona & al 311, P [P06169869]; C after holotype, J. Bosser 17509, P [P06169913]. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFFB13361464472BFD67FDEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFFB13361464472BFD67FDEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424259/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424259	Fig. 34. Type locality of Chlorophytum namorokense H.Perrier (blue dot).	Fig. 34. Type locality of Chlorophytum namorokense H.Perrier (blue dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF91309170246BEFBAFFEF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF91309170246BEFBAFFEF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325625/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325625	Fig. 35. Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype,M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195]. A. Habit. B. Flower.C. Stamen. D. Young fruit (with remnant tepals).E. Fruit. F–G. Two sides of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 35. Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype,M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195]. A. Habit. B. Flower.C. Stamen. D. Young fruit (with remnant tepals).E. Fruit. F–G. Two sides of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFF91309170246BEFBAFFEF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325414/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325414	Fig. 36. Three species from N Madagascar, known only from their type collection and occurring on calcareous substrates in DIANA Province: Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (blue dot), C. ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (pink dot) and C. tolyanum Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot).	Fig. 36. Three species from N Madagascar, known only from their type collection and occurring on calcareous substrates in DIANA Province: Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (blue dot), C. ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (pink dot) and C. tolyanum Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325569/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325569	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325630	Fig. 37. Chlorophytum nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, G [G00019494]. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamen. D. Inflorescence detail with bud and fruit. E. Fruit. F. Seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 37. Chlorophytum nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, G [G00019494]. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamen. D. Inflorescence detail with bud and fruit. E. Fruit. F. Seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325577/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325577	Fig. 20. Distribution of Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier, with inset enlarged map of the cluster of known localities between Ambinanibe, the airport and Tôlanaro town.	Fig. 20. Distribution of Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier, with inset enlarged map of the cluster of known localities between Ambinanibe, the airport and Tôlanaro town.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325581/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325581	Fig. 21. Distribution ofChlorophytum decipiens Baker, including a single locality within theAmbohitantely Special Reserve, in the NE of the species’ range.	Fig. 21. Distribution ofChlorophytum decipiens Baker, including a single locality within theAmbohitantely Special Reserve, in the NE of the species’ range.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325586/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325586	Fig. 22. Distribution of Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (black dots), with enlargement for two locality clusters: 1. the upper enlarged area – to the east and south of the Itremo Massif protected area; 2. the lower enlarged area – to the north of Andringitra National Park. Note the other scattered localities to the N and the S.	Fig. 22. Distribution of Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (black dots), with enlargement for two locality clusters: 1. the upper enlarged area – to the east and south of the Itremo Massif protected area; 2. the lower enlarged area – to the north of Andringitra National Park. Note the other scattered localities to the N and the S.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC6130B17E545B6FB14FAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325592/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325592	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC4130E1790416BFD71FE7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC4130E1790416BFD71FE7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325635/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325635	Fig. 38. Distribution of Chlorophytum parkeri (Baker) Marais & Reilly (black dots) and C. aff. parkeri (red dot).	Fig. 38. Distribution of Chlorophytum parkeri (Baker) Marais & Reilly (black dots) and C. aff. parkeri (red dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130E179E4633FAE3FA95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325635/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325635	Fig. 38. Distribution of Chlorophytum parkeri (Baker) Marais & Reilly (black dots) and C. aff. parkeri (red dot).	Fig. 38. Distribution of Chlorophytum parkeri (Baker) Marais & Reilly (black dots) and C. aff. parkeri (red dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325569/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325569	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	Fig. 19. Map showing the known ranges of six taxa endemic to Daraina in NE Madagascar, SAVA Region, including: Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (orange dot), C. candelabrum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (violet dot), C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot), C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (yellow dot), C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (green dot – partially obscured by black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot) (see also Fig. 41). Note that the widespread C. chloranthum is the only other species of Chlorophytum known to occur in Daraina (see Fig. 17).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325637/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325637	Fig. 39. Chlorophytum ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, L. Nusbaumer & F. Ranirison 1715, G [G0090100]. A. Habit. B. In situ flower after picture C. Flower. D–E. Stamens. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 39. Chlorophytum ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, L. Nusbaumer & F. Ranirison 1715, G [G0090100]. A. Habit. B. In situ flower after picture C. Flower. D–E. Stamens. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325577/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325577	Fig. 20. Distribution of Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier, with inset enlarged map of the cluster of known localities between Ambinanibe, the airport and Tôlanaro town.	Fig. 20. Distribution of Chlorophytum decaryanum H.Perrier, with inset enlarged map of the cluster of known localities between Ambinanibe, the airport and Tôlanaro town.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325581/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325581	Fig. 21. Distribution ofChlorophytum decipiens Baker, including a single locality within theAmbohitantely Special Reserve, in the NE of the species’ range.	Fig. 21. Distribution ofChlorophytum decipiens Baker, including a single locality within theAmbohitantely Special Reserve, in the NE of the species’ range.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325586/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325586	Fig. 22. Distribution of Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (black dots), with enlargement for two locality clusters: 1. the upper enlarged area – to the east and south of the Itremo Massif protected area; 2. the lower enlarged area – to the north of Andringitra National Park. Note the other scattered localities to the N and the S.	Fig. 22. Distribution of Chlorophytum dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (black dots), with enlargement for two locality clusters: 1. the upper enlarged area – to the east and south of the Itremo Massif protected area; 2. the lower enlarged area – to the north of Andringitra National Park. Note the other scattered localities to the N and the S.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325592/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325592	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	Fig. 23. Type localities of Chlorophytum distichum H.Perrier (black dot) and C. geayanum (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly (red dot), neither known from within currently protected areas.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325594/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325594	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	Fig. 24. Known distribution of Chlorophytum graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum (black dots), subsp. ambrense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC1130117DD415AFBA3FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325596/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325596	Fig. 25. Chlorophytum helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865]. A. Habit. B. Bracts and portion of the rachis. C. Flower. D–E. Stamen front (anther) and back. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 25. Chlorophytum helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. holotype; C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865]. A. Habit. B. Bracts and portion of the rachis. C. Flower. D–E. Stamen front (anther) and back. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFCE130317DB468BFE8CFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFCE130317DB468BFE8CFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325414/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325414	Fig. 36. Three species from N Madagascar, known only from their type collection and occurring on calcareous substrates in DIANA Province: Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (blue dot), C. ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (pink dot) and C. tolyanum Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot).	Fig. 36. Three species from N Madagascar, known only from their type collection and occurring on calcareous substrates in DIANA Province: Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (blue dot), C. ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (pink dot) and C. tolyanum Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFCE130317DB468BFE8CFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325643/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325643	Fig. 40. Chlorophytum ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, F. Ratovoson 1134, P [P06169905]. A. Habit. B. Stamen.C. Fruit with flowering remains. D–E. Two faces of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 40. Chlorophytum ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, F. Ratovoson 1134, P [P06169905]. A. Habit. B. Stamen.C. Fruit with flowering remains. D–E. Two faces of one seed. Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFCC130417A840E6FAE3FC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFCC130417A840E6FAE3FC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFCC130417A840E6FAE3FC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325647/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325647	Fig. 41. Known distribution of Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly subsp. sofiense (black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot). See also Fig. 19. Map of all Chlorophytum taxa known from Daraina.	Fig. 41. Known distribution of Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly subsp. sofiense (black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot). See also Fig. 19. Map of all Chlorophytum taxa known from Daraina.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFCB130517124750FD43FE28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325647/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325647	Fig. 41. Known distribution of Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly subsp. sofiense (black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot). See also Fig. 19. Map of all Chlorophytum taxa known from Daraina.	Fig. 41. Known distribution of Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly subsp. sofiense (black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot). See also Fig. 19. Map of all Chlorophytum taxa known from Daraina.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC9130717424518FAE3FE43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC9130717424518FAE3FE43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC9130717424518FAE3FE43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325647/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325647	Fig. 41. Known distribution of Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly subsp. sofiense (black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot). See also Fig. 19. Map of all Chlorophytum taxa known from Daraina.	Fig. 41. Known distribution of Chlorophytum sofiense (H.Perrier) Marais & Reilly subsp. sofiense (black dot) and C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov. (red dot). See also Fig. 19. Map of all Chlorophytum taxa known from Daraina.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC813181467460BFB89FCC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFC813181467460BFB89FCC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325653/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325653	Fig. 42. Known distribution of Chlorophytum subligulatum H.Perrier (blue dot).	Fig. 42. Known distribution of Chlorophytum subligulatum H.Perrier (blue dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD6131A14524518FDAEFB86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424237	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	Fig. 2 (on next page). A. Chlorophytum aspidistrifolium Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., habit. B–C. C. graniticum H.Perrier. B. Habit, flower detail (left). C. Habit showing roots. D–E. C. ranirisonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. D. Habit. E. Flowers. F. C. sofiense subsp. gautieri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. G–H. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. G. Habit. H. Fruits and rachis. I. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., flowers and fruit. J–K. C. sylvestre Bard.- Vauc. J. Habit. K. Part of inflorescence. Image credits: A, D–H = L. Nusbaumer; B = R.F. Bolliger; C, I = L. Gautier; J = iNaturalist 61286825; K = iNaturalist 52799171.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD6131A14524518FDAEFB86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD6131A14524518FDAEFB86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325655/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325655	Fig. 43. Distribution of Chlorophytum sylvestre Bard.-Vauc. Known only from Ankarana Special Reserve, and from the edge of Andrafiamena Special Reserve, to the south-east of Ankarana.	Fig. 43. Distribution of Chlorophytum sylvestre Bard.-Vauc. Known only from Ankarana Special Reserve, and from the edge of Andrafiamena Special Reserve, to the south-east of Ankarana.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD4131D17D54518FAE3FC41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD4131D17D54518FAE3FC41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325414/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325414	Fig. 36. Three species from N Madagascar, known only from their type collection and occurring on calcareous substrates in DIANA Province: Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (blue dot), C. ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (pink dot) and C. tolyanum Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot).	Fig. 36. Three species from N Madagascar, known only from their type collection and occurring on calcareous substrates in DIANA Province: Chlorophytum nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (blue dot), C. ratovosonii Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (pink dot) and C. tolyanum Bard.- Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (black dot).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD4131D17D54518FAE3FC41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325433/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325433	Fig. 44. Chlorophytum tolyanum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1193, P [P00455486]. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamen (long one). Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	Fig. 44. Chlorophytum tolyanum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., holotype, M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1193, P [P00455486]. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Stamen (long one). Drawing by Laurence Ramon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD213101470400CFC7DF948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424239	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	Fig. 3 (on next page). A–D. Chlorophytum chloranthum Baker. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Flower and fruit. D. Root system. E–F. C. decipiens Baker. E. Habit. F. Flower detail. G–H. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier. G. Inflorescence. H. Flower. I. C. meridionale subsp. tulearense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal subsp. nov., habit. J–K. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. subsp. meridionale. J. Flower. K. Anther detail (abaxial side) showing a small basal heel. L–M. C. humbertianum H.Perrier. L. Habit. M. Inflorescence. N–O. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier. N. Habit. O. Flower. Image credits: A–B = N. Ravololomanana (N. Ravololomanana 378; MO, P) (ex Tropicos); C = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 1062; G, K, MO, P); D = L. Nusbaumer (L. Nusbaumer 5237, G); E = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 466, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); F = M. Rabarimanarivo (M. Rabarimanarivo 449, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); G–H = G. Schatz (G. Schatz 4052, BR, G, P, WAG) (ex Tropicos); I = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 985, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); J–K = L. Ramon (M. Bardot Vaucoulon 2052, P, TAN); L–M = P.B. Phillipson (P.B. Phillipson 5718, G, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); N = N.H. Rakotoarivelo (N.H. Rakotoarivelo 234, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos); O = H. Razafindraibe (H. Razafindraibe 257, MO, P, TAN) (ex Tropicos).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD213101470400CFC7DF948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD213101470400CFC7DF948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325345/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325345	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	Fig. 7. Different anther types showing connective development in Group 2 of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. in Madagascar. A–B. Connective lacking a heel. A. C. decipiens Baker (R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113]). B. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10988, P [P02071361]). C–D. Heel connective reduced to a simple flange. C. C. humbertianum H.Perrier (H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370]). D. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier (H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]). E–G. Heel connective triangular. E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]). F. C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum (H.Perrier) Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal comb. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 10950, P [P01046105]). G. C. madagascariense var. boinense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal var. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1441, P [P02071702]). H–I. Heel connective with evident appendix. H. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense (R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707]). I. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier (C. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114]). Drawings by L. Longou. Scale bars = 2 mm.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFD213101470400CFC7DF948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325440/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325440	Fig. 45. Distribution of Chlorophytum tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier, including presence within the Itremo Massif Harmonious Protected Landscape (dark green hashed area visible in enlarged map).	Fig. 45. Distribution of Chlorophytum tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier, including presence within the Itremo Massif Harmonious Protected Landscape (dark green hashed area visible in enlarged map).	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFDF131314F24304FAE3FCC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424247	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 6 (on next page). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 2 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie 1935. Seeds are presented, when available, in the same orientation as in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. Chlorophytum sp. 1, from J. Botanique 5668, P [P06169906] (a = fl; b = sta DS). B. C. appendiculatum H.Perrier, from R. Alluaud 84, P [P01046114] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = se). C. C. decipiens Baker, from R. Baron 2070, P [P01046113] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). D. C. humbertianum H.Perrier, from H. Humbert 6754, P [P02071370] (a = fl; b = sta, DS on the left, VS on the right). E. C. meridionale Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–c from H. Humbert 28824, P [P06169895]; d–e from J. Bosser 19916, P [P06169882] (a = fl; b = short sta DS; c = large sta DS; d = fruit, e = seed both sides). F. C. madagascariense Baker var. madagascariense, from R. Decary 2419, P [P02071707] (a = fl; b = sta DS). G. C. dianellifolium (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443, P [P01046109]; c from RN 5547, P [P01046109] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). H. C. subligulatum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10976, P [P01046107] (a = fl; b = sta DS). I. C. helvillae Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from C. d’Alleizette 46, P [P06169865] (a = fl; b = sta, VS on the left, ventral side DS on the right). J. C. tripedale (Baker) H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1098, P [P02071361] and picture of living plant from G. Schatz 4052, P [P06169842]; c from H. Humbert 28381, P [P02158251] (a = fl; b = sta DS; c = anther base (variation)). K. C. basivaginatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov.; a–b from T. Andriamihajarivo et al. 417, MO [MO-3020298]; c from iNaturalist 9931965 (a = fl; b = sta, DS; c = young fruit). L. C. albociliatum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from H. Humbert 28077, P [P06169851] (a = immature fl; b = sta (immature on the left, mature on the right)). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFDF131314F24304FAE3FCC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325446/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325446	Fig. 46. Known locality for Chlorophytum sp. 1 (blue dot) at the Col d’Andavakaka, Befandriana, Sofia Region, J. Botanique 5668, and approximate locality of origin for Chlorophytum sp. 2 (red dot) from the vicinity of Antsiranana “Diego Suarez”, DIANA Region.	Fig. 46. Known locality for Chlorophytum sp. 1 (blue dot) at the Col d’Andavakaka, Befandriana, Sofia Region, J. Botanique 5668, and approximate locality of origin for Chlorophytum sp. 2 (red dot) from the vicinity of Antsiranana “Diego Suarez”, DIANA Region.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFDF131314F24304FAE3FCC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325450/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325450	Fig. 47. Herbarium specimen of Chlorophytum sp. 1, J. Botanique 5668; P [P06169906].	Fig. 47. Herbarium specimen of Chlorophytum sp. 1, J. Botanique 5668; P [P06169906].	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFDC131514F2478AFCAFFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18424241/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18424241	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	Fig. 4(on next page; continued in Fig. 5). Flowers, stamens and fruits of Group 1 species of Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. following Perrier de la Bâthie (1935). Seeds are shown as they were arranged in the capsule. Abbreviations: fl = flower; sta = stamen; fr = fruit; se = seed; P = profile; VS = ventral side. A. C. ankarense H.Perrier; a–b from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10948, P [P01046141]; c–d from RN7115, P [P02157232] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). B. C. chloranthum Baker, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16852, P [P02071720] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se both sides). C. C. decaryanum H.Perrier; a–b from R. Decary 10315, P [P02071710]; c–d from R.Decary 10321, P [P02071712] (a = fl; b = st VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). D. C. graniticum H.Perrier subsp. graniticum, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 460, P [P01046135] (a = fl; b = sta VS and P; c = fr; d = se both sides). E. C. nigrogranulosum Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1662, P [P00643195] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se, both sides). F. C. nusbaumeri Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1469, P [P04186576] (a = fl; b = sta VS; c = fr; d = se). G. C. namorokense H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 1700, P [P01046130] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS before anthesis (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). H. C. distichum H.Perrier, from H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10979, P [P01142919] (a = fl; b = sta P (on the left), VS (on the right); c = immature fr; d = immature se). I. C. sylvestre Bard.-Vauc., from M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 383, P [P00078336] (a = fl; b = sta P; c = fr; d = se both sides). J. C. darainense Bard.-Vauc. & M.Pignal sp. nov., from L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 5005, G [G00019617] (a = fl; b = sta VS). Drawings by Laurence Ramon and Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFDC131514F2478AFCAFFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325446/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325446	Fig. 46. Known locality for Chlorophytum sp. 1 (blue dot) at the Col d’Andavakaka, Befandriana, Sofia Region, J. Botanique 5668, and approximate locality of origin for Chlorophytum sp. 2 (red dot) from the vicinity of Antsiranana “Diego Suarez”, DIANA Region.	Fig. 46. Known locality for Chlorophytum sp. 1 (blue dot) at the Col d’Andavakaka, Befandriana, Sofia Region, J. Botanique 5668, and approximate locality of origin for Chlorophytum sp. 2 (red dot) from the vicinity of Antsiranana “Diego Suarez”, DIANA Region.	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
03A087D4FFDC131514F2478AFCAFFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/18325460/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18325460	Fig. 48. Herbarium specimen of Chlorophytum sp. 2, L. Boivin 2338; P [P06169866].	Fig. 48. Herbarium specimen of Chlorophytum sp. 2, L. Boivin 2338; P [P06169866].	2026-01-06	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine		Zenodo	biologists	Pignal, Marc;Phillipson, Peter B.;Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine			
