identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A787CC2004025A76986A024DDFFA90.text	03A787CC2004025A76986A024DDFFA90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zygophylax biarmata Billard 1905	<div><p>Zygophylax biarmata Billard, 1905</p><p>Zygophylax biarmata Billard, 1905: 97–98, fig. 2.— Leloup, 1940: 11, pl. 1 fig. 6.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 59–65, figs 11e–h, 12a–i, 13e, f.—Altuna Prados &amp; Álvarez Claudio, 1995: 2–6, figs 1, 2.— Vervoort, 2006: 236–238, figs 13a–b, 18 no. 2.— Campos, 2017: 63–69, fig. 8.</p><p>Lictorella halecioides var. annellata Pictet &amp; Bedot, 1900: 17, 53, fig. 6 pl. 3.</p><p>Zygophylax armata: Millard, 1975: 192–193, figs 63a–b [not Zygophylax armata (Ritchie, 1907)].</p><p>Zygophylax inconstans Millard, 1977: 117–119, fig. 5.</p><p>Zygophylax? armata: Gravier-Bonnet, 1979: 24–31, fig. 5 [not Zygophylax armata (Ritchie, 1907)].</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, 11 colonies without coppiniae, 2–5 mm high. —Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 28 colonies without coppiniae, 3–30 mm high, of which four growing on Polyplumaria flabellata G.O. Sars, 1874, two on Diphasia alata (Hincks, 1855) , one on Diphasia margareta (Hassall, 1841) , one on Cryptolaria pectinata (Allman, 1888) and one on Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux, 1821) . ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 6- DRC-09, four colonies without coppiniae, 5–10 mm high. —Stn. 18-DRC-09, 15 colonies with coppiniae, 2–29 mm high, of which one growing on Nemertesia ventriculiformis (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890) .</p><p>Biology. Zygophylax biarmata has been found growing on sandy bottoms, shell fragments, rocks, gravel, silt and artificial structures (Vervoort 2006), as well as on sponges, other hydroids, coral fragments, polychaete tubes, bivalves and gastropod shells (Billard 1905; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been collected in February (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992) and June (Vervoort 2006). Our material was collected from rocky, cobbles and carbonated crust bottoms and, on numerous occasions, it was found growing on hydroids such as N. ventriculiformis, P. flabellata, D. alata, D. margareta, C. pectinata and S. gayi . In our material, some fertile colonies were found in February.</p><p>Distribution. Specimens of Z. biarmata have been collected from numerous localities in the eastern Atlantic, including the Azores, Morocco, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde and north-western Spanish waters (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006). Colonies have also been reported from the east coast of Africa, including South Africa, Madagascar and Zanzibar (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), as well as the Mediterranean Sea (Bouillon et al. 2004). The bathymetric distribution of the species ranges from 100 to 1200 m (Vervoort 2006). Our colonies were collected at depths between 317–1001 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2004025A76986A024DDFFA90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2004025876986E784FFEFE81.text	03A787CC2004025876986E784FFEFE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson 1911)	<div><p>Zygophylax levinseni (Saemundsson, 1911)</p><p>(Fig. 2A–C; Table 2)</p><p>Lictorella levinseni Saemundsson, 1911: 86–88, fig. 2.</p><p>Zygophylax elegantula Leloup, 1940: 11, 12, fig. 8 pl. 1.</p><p>Zygophylax levinseni: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 78, figs 18a–d, 19e–f.— Vervoort, 2006: 240, fig. 16.— Campos, 2017: 123–127, fig. 25.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 45 colonies and five fragments, some with coppiniae, 14–90 mm high. —Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, six colonies without coppiniae, 6–38 mm high. ForSaGal-2009. Stn. 19-DRC-09, one fragment without coppinia, 6 mm high .</p><p>Remarks. The specimens could be identified by the morphology and dimensions of the coppiniae in fertile colonies, while for sterile specimens, the frontal arrangement of the hydrothecae and their measurements were used as diagnostic features, following the description given by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992).</p><p>Biology. Zygophylax levinseni was found growing on Desmophyllum pertusum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758, as well as on a sponge, a gorgonian and the hydroid Acryptolaria longitheca (Allman, 1877) (Gil et al. 2020) . In the northern hemisphere, fertile specimens have been reported in December (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). Our colonies were collected from rocky bottoms, and coppiniae were observed in September, extending accordingly the known reproductive period for this species.</p><p>Distribution. This is a species with a northeast Atlantic distribution, with records from southern Iceland to southern Cape Verde, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Gil et al. 2020). Its bathymetric distribution range extends from 183 (Altuna Prados &amp; Álvarez Claudio 1995) to 3647 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). Our material was collected at depths from 371 to 1001 m, and represents the first record from Galicia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2004025876986E784FFEFE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2009025676986E8D492CFE4D.text	03A787CC2009025676986E8D492CFE4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptolaria pectinata (Allman 1888)	<div><p>Cryptolaria pectinata (Allman, 1888)</p><p>Perisiphonia pectinata Allman, 1888: 45–46, pl. 21 figs 2, 2a–b.— Ritchie, 1911: 835, pl. 87 fig. 2.</p><p>Acryptolaria pectinata: Leloup, 1940: 9.</p><p>Cryptolaria pectinata: Ralph, 1958: 320–322, figs 5g –j, 6g –j.— Millard, 1975: 174–175, fig. 58A–F.— Gili et al., 1989: 71, fig. 2.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 52–54, fig. 10d.— Bouillon et al., 2004: 155, figs 84A–D.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 110 colonies, some with coppiniae, 8–87 mm high, of which three growing on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini Billard, 1906 . ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 1-DRC-09, four colonies without coppiniae, 6–18 mm high, of which one growing on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini .—Stn. 6-DRC-09, 85 colonies, some with coppiniae, 7–65 mm high, of which one growing on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini and another one on D. alata . —Stn. 18-DRC-09, 37 colonies, some with coppiniae, 11–45 mm high, of which one growing on D. alata .—Stn. 20-DRC-09, two colonies without coppiniae, 6–23 mm high.</p><p>Biology. This species has been collected from rocky, gravel, clay, mud, and muddy sand bottoms, sometimes mixed with pebbles and cobbles, shell fragments and globigerines, and areas of cemented sediment (Leloup 1940; Gili et al. 1989; Vervoort 2006). Colonies were reportedly growing on hydroids (Vervoort 2006), corals (Leloup 1940; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006) and polychaete tubes (Leloup 1940; Gili et al. 1989). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found from June to September (Leloup 1940; Vervoort 2006). Our material was collected from rocky bottoms and bottoms composed of compact mud, carbonate crust remnants, and cobbles. Some colonies were found growing on C. sigma var. folini and D. alata . Coppiniae were observed in February and September, extending the known reproductive period to February.</p><p>Distribution. Cryptolaria pectinata is a deep water species found in temperate and tropical regions of all oceans, with a bathymetric distribution ranging from 150 to 2700 m (Vervoort 2006). In the eastern Atlantic, it has been found in the Bay of Biscay, Josephine, Seine and Gorringe Banks, the Strait of Gibraltar, off Tangier, the Azores, Madeira, the Selvagens Archipelago, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde and the coast of Guinea-Bissau (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003; Vervoort 2006). Our material was collected at depths between 317– 571 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2009025676986E8D492CFE4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC20080256769869974FEEFA2B.text	03A787CC20080256769869974FEEFA2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Modeeria rotunda (Quoy & Gaimard 1827)	<div><p>Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827)</p><p>Dianaea rotunda Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827: 181–182, pl. 6 figs 1–2.</p><p>Modeeria rotunda: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 17 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined.Vertidos-2004: Stn.GA-DRN-1000-04, two colonies without gonothecae,of which one growing on Halecium marocanum Billard, 1934 and other on Halecium sessile Norman, 1867 . —Stn. AG-AT-150-04, three colonies without gonothecae, of which two growing on Sertularella gayi . —Stn.AG-AT-400-04, 25 colonies without gonothecae, of which seven growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor, four on Sertularella robusta Allman, 1874, three on Sertularella gayi, three on Halecium muricatum (Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786), two on Polyplumaria flabellata, two on Cryptolaria pectinata, one on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini and one on Diphasia alata . ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 6-DRC-09, four colonies without gonothecae growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor . —Stn. 18-DRC-09, 11 colonies without gonothecae, of which six growing on Lafoea gracillima (Alder, 1856), two on A. conferta minor, one on Nemertesia ventriculiformis, one on Schizotricha frutescens (Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786) and one on Zygophylax biarmata .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was collected from rocky, muddy, sandy and gravelly bottoms, and the colonies were mainly found growing as epibionts of other hydroid species. Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Modeeria rotunda is considered a cosmopolitan species (Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). In the eastern Atlantic, it has been collected from Svalbard and the northern Russian seas (Calder 2012) to the Vema Seamount in the South Atlantic (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0.5 to 1554 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021). Our material was collected at depths between 147–1001 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC20080256769869974FEEFA2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2008025576986D754D58FE69.text	03A787CC2008025576986D754D58FE69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegopoma bathyale Vervoort 1966	<div><p>Stegopoma bathyale Vervoort, 1966</p><p>(Table 4)</p><p>Stegopoma bathyale Vervoort, 1966: 112–114, fig. 13.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 17–18 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, one damaged colony without gonothecae, 5.8 mm high .</p><p>Remarks. Although our material consists of only a single colony, its morphology agrees with the descriptions provided by Vervoort (1966) and Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992). In addition, comparison with colonies of S. bathyale collected from NW Africa from published material in Gil &amp; Ramil (2025) and curated in the Marine Zoology Laboratory of the University of Vigo, allowed us to confirm the present identification.</p><p>Biology. Stegopoma bathyale has been collected from bottoms composed of clay, mud, fine sand, and cobles mixed with fossilised coral rubble, as well as from living coral mounds and artificial substrates (Álvarez-Claudio 1995b; Vervoort 2006). In the northern hemisphere fertile colonies have been collected in June and October (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025). In our material, no gonothecae were observed.</p><p>Distribution. This species has been described from the Bay of Bengal (Vervoort 1966) and subsequently recorded from numerous deep-water localities in the Atlantic Ocean, both in temperate and subtropical regions (Bouillon et al. 2004; Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). In the eastern Atlantic, it has been collected from the Bay of Biscay (Álvarez-Claudio 1995b), the Strait of Gibraltar (Bouillon et al. 2004), Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992), Mauritania (Vervoort 2006) and Guinea-Bissau (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Its bathymetric range extends from 300 (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025) to 1592 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). Our material was collected at depths between 999–1001 m, and represents the first record from Galicia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2008025576986D754D58FE69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC200B025576986FF34F8FF929.text	03A787CC200B025576986FF34F8FF929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp 1959	<div><p>Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959</p><p>Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959: 253, fig. 17a–b.— Calder, 2020: 205, fig. 1d.— Gil et al., 2020: 421 — Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 18 (synonymy).</p><p>Egmundella amirantensis Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973: 40–42, fig. 5A–D.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004, Stn. AG-AT-400-04, one colony without gonothecae growing on a colony of Acryptolaria conferta minor .</p><p>Biology. The biology of C. tetranema has been recently revised by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our colony was found growing on A. conferta minor . Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. This is a species with a circumglobal distribution (Migotto &amp; Cabral 2005). In the northeast Atlantic, it has been found from the Cantabrian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, Morocco, Mauritania and Guinea-Bissau (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Its bathymetric range extends from 1 to 1161 m depth (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material was collected at depths from 371 to 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC200B025576986FF34F8FF929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC200B025476986CB34898FB67.text	03A787CC200B025476986CB34898FB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cuspidella grandis Hincks 1869	<div><p>Cuspidella grandis Hincks, 1869</p><p>(Fig. 3A–B; Table 5)</p><p>Cuspidella grandis Hincks, 1869: 210, pl. 40 fig. 4.— Fraser, 1944: 169, pl. 30 fig. 140.— Calder, 2012: 26–27, fig. 25. Cosmetira pilosella: Ramil, 1988: 143–145.</p><p>Mitrocomella polydiademata: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 38–40, fig. 6a–i [not Mitrocomella polydiademata (Romanes, 1876)]. Cuspidella sp.: Álvarez Claudio, 1993: 83–85, fig. 12.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, three colonies without gonothecae, 0.45–0.65 mm high, of which two growing on Diphasia alata and one on Halecium muricatum . ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 18-DRN-09, two colonies without gonothecae, 2 mm high, growing on artificial substrate.</p><p>Description. The material examined consists of five small ‘ Cuspidella’ - type colonies composed of a hydrorhiza from which arise sessile, elongate and cylindrically-shaped hydrothecae. Some of the hydrothecae are straight, while others are curved basally. The hydrothecal opening is located distally, is circular and closed by a pyramidal operculum formed by several very thin, triangular flaps. Nematothecae not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Morphologically, the material agrees well with the description of the polyp stage of Mitrocomella polydiademata (Romanes, 1876) given by Edwards (1973), based on colonies reared in the laboratory from cultured medusae, and characterized by the absence of nematothecae on the hydrorhiza. However, Beckmann et al. (2023), after sequencing the DNA of several colonies collected from the Norwegian coast, and finding that it matched with that of M. polydiademata medusae from the same area, noted for the first time the presence of hydrorhizal nematothecae in colonies of M. polydiademata . This discrepancy with the description of Edwards (1973) is attributed by Beckmann et al. (2023) to the fact that, in some cases, the laboratory-reared colonies lack nematothecae, at least in young colonies. Our colonies were collected at sea, and not reared, and are obviously not young, yet they lack nematothecae. Therefore, they cannot be assigned to M. polydiademata, and we have followed Calder’s (2012) proposal to include this type of colonies under the provisional denomination of Cuspidella grandis, until further studies allow their irrefutable identity.</p><p>Biology. Cuspidella grandis has been collected from rocky, sandy, gravelly, and muddy bottoms, growing on macroalgal rhizoids, mollusc shells, bryozoans [Ramil 1988, as Cosmetira pilosella (Forbes, 1848)], and ascidians (Calder 2012). Our material was collected growing on hydroids and an artificial substrate (a rigid plastic tube). Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. This species has been collected from the west coast of Sweden (Calder 2012), the west coast of Ireland and the Shetland Islands (Hincks 1869), from the Galician coast (Ramil 1988, as C. pilosella) and from the Strait of Gibraltar area (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as M. polydiademata). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from the intertidal zone (Ramil 1988, as C. pilosella) to 332 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as M. polydiademata). Our colonies were collected at depths between 371–455 m, representing the deepest records for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC200B025476986CB34898FB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC200A025276986C3E4F2AFE15.text	03A787CC200A025276986C3E4F2AFE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Egmundella grimaldii Leloup 1940	<div><p>Egmundella grimaldii Leloup, 1940</p><p>(Fig. 3C–D; Table 6)</p><p>Egmundella grimaldii Leloup, 1940: 7, pl. I fig.3.— Álvarez Claudio, 1993: 88–90, fig. 13.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2023: figs 2–3.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, one colony without gonothecae, 5 mm high, growing on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini .</p><p>Biology. Egmundella grimaldii has been found growing on other hydrozoans, bivalve shells and ophiuroids (Leloup 1940; Gil &amp; Ramil 2023). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been observed in December (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023). Our colony was found growing on C. sigma var. folini . Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Records of this species are scarce, having only been collected from the Bay of Biscay (Leloup 1940), Asturias (Álvarez Claudio 1993), Morocco and western Sahara (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023). Its bathymetric range varies between 30 (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023) and 1262 m (Leloup 1940). Our material was collected at depths between 371–446 m, and represents the first record from Galicia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC200A025276986C3E4F2AFE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC200C025276986F9F4EF3F9CB.text	03A787CC200C025276986F9F4EF3F9CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Earleria panicula (G. O. Sars 1874)	<div><p>Earleria panicula (G.O. Sars, 1874)</p><p>Campanulina panicula G.O. Sars, 1874:121, pl. 5 figs 9–13.</p><p>Earleria panicula: Gil et al., 2020: 422 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 18-DRC-09, one colony without gonothecae, 6 mm high, growing on a damaged fragment of an unidentified hydroid .</p><p>Biology. The biology of E. panicula has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was collected growing on an unidentified hydroid. Gonothecae were not found.</p><p>Distribution. The distribution of this species is restricted to the eastern Atlantic, with records from Norway to Namibia (Gil et al. 2020). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 30 to 2100 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material was collected at depths ranging from 317 to 444 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC200C025276986F9F4EF3F9CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC200C025176986C1D4FA0FE31.text	03A787CC200C025176986C1D4FA0FE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acryptolaria conferta (Allman 1877)	<div><p>Acryptolaria conferta (Allman, 1877)</p><p>(Fig. 4A; Table 7)</p><p>Acryptolaria conferta: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 22, fig. 3C (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, one colony without coppiniae, 10 mm high .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our colony was collected from a rocky bottom. No coppinae were found.</p><p>Distribution. Acryptolaria conferta is considered a circumglobal species, with a bathymetric distribution extending from 52 to 2050 m (Vervoort 2006). In the eastern Atlantic, it has been collected from the Bay of Biscay (Leloup 1940), Portugal (Leloup 1940), the Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006), Madeira (Vervoort 2006), the Azores (Leloup 1940; Rees &amp;White 1966; Vervoort 2006), Cape Verde (Vervoort 2006), Morocco (Leloup 1940), Mauritania (Vervoort 2006) and Guinea-Bissau (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material was collected at depths between 371 and 446 m, and represents the first record of A. conferta in Galician waters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC200C025176986C1D4FA0FE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC200F0251769868B14F8AF866.text	03A787CC200F0251769868B14F8AF866.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acryptolaria conferta subsp. minor Ramil & Vervoort 1992	<div><p>Acryptolaria conferta minor Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992</p><p>(Fig. 4B–C; Table 8)</p><p>Acryptolaria conferta minor Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 43–48, figs 8a–c, 9a–c.</p><p>Acryptolaria conferta var. minor: Vervoort, 2006: 228, fig. 11a–d.— Gil et al., 2020: 422–423, fig. 2B.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 100 colonies, some with coppiniae, 2–65 mm high, of which two growing on Polyplumaria flabellata, two on Diphasia alata and one on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini . — Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, six colonies without coppiniae, 2–4.5 mm high. ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 1-DRC-09, nine colonies, some with coppiniae, 9–57 mm high. —Stn. 4-EBS-09, two colonies without coppiniae, 7–9 mm in height. Stn. 6-DRC-09, 31 colonies without coppiniae, 7–43 mm high, of which two growing on Diphasia alata . —Stn. 18- DRC-09, 30 colonies, some with coppiniae, 12–46 mm high. —Stn. 18-DRN-09, two colonies without coppiniae, 4 and 8 mm high.—Stn. 19-DRC-09, two colonies without coppiniae, 6 and 8 mm high.</p><p>Remarks. Acryptolaria conferta minor was originally described as a subspecies of A. conferta by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) based on the fact that all the material collected during the BALGIM expedition (provisionally assigned to A. conferta) fell into two clearly separated size groups, with no intermediary colonies connecting them. Nevertheless, considering that A. conferta minor is sympatric with the nominal species, Vervoort (2006) reduced its taxonomic status to just a variety. This proposal is followed in the present report, in agreement with earlier studies by Gil (2017), Gil &amp; Ramil (2017a, 2025) and Gil et al (2020). Furthermore, Gil &amp; Ramil (2025) found differences between the nematocysts of the nominal species and this variety, which reinforces their separation.</p><p>Biology. Acryptolaria conferta minor has been found growing on hard substrates, such as rocks, shell and coral fragments, as well as on soft bottoms, where it can anchor into the sediment through a highly modified and branched hydrorhiza (Gil et al. 2020). It was also collected growing on other hydroids, gorgonians, soft corals, and polychaete tubes (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been collected in June and August (Gil et al. 2020). Our material was collected from rocky bottoms, as well as from bottoms composed of compact mud, remnants of carbonate crusts, sand, and cobbles. Some colonies were growing on the hydroids D. alata, C. sigma var. folini and P. flabellata and polychaete tubes. Coppiniae were observed in February for the first time, and also in September.</p><p>Distribution. This variety is only known from the Alboran Sea and the Eastern Atlantic, from the Azores to Mauritania, including Madeira and the Canary Islands (Gil et al. 2020). Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 135 and 1835 m (Gil et al. 2020). Our material was collected at depths between 317–2798 m, extending its northern distribution limit to off Galicia, and its bathymetrical range to 2798 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC200F0251769868B14F8AF866	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2011024F769868244EA8FAB1.text	03A787CC2011024F769868244EA8FAB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Filellum serratum (Clarke 1879)	<div><p>Filellum cf. serratum (Clarke, 1879)</p><p>Lafoea serrata Clarke, 1879: 242, pl. 4 fig. 25.</p><p>Filellum cf. serratum: Peña Cantero et al., 1998: 304–308, figs 1–2.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 23 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, four colonies without coppiniae, three of them growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor and another one on Sertularella gayi .</p><p>Remarks. Marques et al. (2011) stated that the specific identification of the species of the genus Filellum requires the study of their coppiniae. Although our samples are sterile, we follow the opinion of Gil et al. (2020) and assign our material to F. serratum, the only congener with serrated walls from the Atlantic.</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2005). Our material was collected growing on hydroids. Coppiniae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Filellum serratum is considered a circumglobal species, but its wide occurrence is considered doubtful, because many records are based on infertile colonies. Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 0 and 2000 m, although these data may be questionable for the reasons mentioned above (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material was collected at depths between 371– 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2011024F769868244EA8FAB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2011024D76986EE349B4FC39.text	03A787CC2011024D76986EE349B4FC39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lafoea gracillima (Alder 1856)	<div><p>Lafoea gracillima (Alder, 1856)</p><p>(Fig. 5A–B; Table 9)</p><p>Campanularia gracillima Alder, 1856: 361, pl. XIV figs 5, 6.</p><p>Lafoea gracillima: Vervoort, 1946: 199–201, fig. 83b.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 23–24, fig. 3D (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 18-DRC-09, seven colonies and five fragments without coppiniae, 10– 27 mm high .</p><p>Remarks. Cornelius (1975), in his review of the family Lafoeidae from Britain and nearby seas, argued that the morphological differences between Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1820), Lafoea fruticosa (Sars, 1851) and Lafoea gracillima (Alder, 1856) do not justify their recognition as separate species, and he synonymized them under the oldest available name, L. dumosa . This opinion was followed in many subsequent works (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Hirohito 1995; Schuchert 2001, 2003; Bouillon et al. 2006; Vervoort 2006; Peña Cantero 2021), and continues to be regarded in the same way today (Schuchert et al., 2025).</p><p>On the other hand, Moura et al. (2008, 2011a), while genetically assessing different morphotypes assigned to L. dumosa, found two very divergent groups, suggesting that the current concept of the species corresponds to a complex of cryptic species that are difficult to distinguish morphologically. However, morphological differences between the three nominal species had already been discussed by Vervoort (1946), who pointed out that the presence of (almost) sessile hydrothecae clearly separates L. dumosa from both L. fruticosa and L. gracillima, the last two species having well-developed and twisted hydrothecal pedicels. Differences between L. fruticosa and L. gracillima are based on the dimensions of the hydrothecae, which are much smaller and narrower in the latter (Vervoort 1946; Calder &amp; Watling 2021). In addition, Schuchert (2001) identified significant differences in nematocyst dimensions between forms with sessile and pedicellate hydrothecae, also suggesting the existence of distinct species.</p><p>In this report, we follow Calder’s (2012) opinion, considering L. gracillima to be a valid species, based on both morphological differences and the evidence provided by Schuchert (2001) and Moura et al. (2008, 2011a). The material examined here is consistent with descriptions of L. gracillima given by Vervoort (1946), Calder (2012), and Gil et al. (2020), and we have therefore assigned it to that species.</p><p>Biology. Lafoea gracillima has been found living on rocky and muddy bottoms (Jäderholm 1909; Calder 1970), also growing on hydroids, scleractinians, bryozoans, polychaete tubes, and bivalves (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found in November and December (Gil 2017). Our material was collected from a bottom of cobbles and carbonate crusts. No coppiniae were observed.</p><p>Distribution. This species has a wide distribution in Arctic seas and the North Atlantic, where it is known from the coasts of Canada (Calder 1970) and the west coast of Sweden (Calder 2012) to Guinea-Bissau (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). However, it should be noted that the actual geographic distribution of this species is difficult to establish with certainty due to its inclusion in the synonymy of L. dumosa by various authors. Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 20–30 m (Calder 2012) to 1435 m (Gil 2017). Our material was collected at depths between 317 and 444 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2011024D76986EE349B4FC39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2013024C76986DF34E7DFE4D.text	03A787CC2013024C76986DF34E7DFE4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bedotella armata (Pictet & Bedot 1900)	<div><p>Bedotella armata (Pictet &amp; Bedot, 1900)</p><p>Camapanularia armata Pictet &amp; Bedot, 1900: 9, figs 3–6.</p><p>Bedotella armata: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 50–52, figs 7c–d, 10a–c.— Álvarez Claudio, 1995a: 265–267, figs 1–2.— Bouillon et al., 2004: 150, fig. 80I–K.— Vervoort, 2006: 234–235.— Gil et al., 2020: 426, fig. 3A.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, one colony without gonothecae growing on Sertularella gayi .— S tn. AG-AT-400-04, one colony without gonothecae .</p><p>Biology. Bedotella armata has been collected from sandy and rocky bottoms, growing on other hydroids, corals, polychaete tubes, and artificial surfaces (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Álvarez Claudio 1995a; Vervoort 2006). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found in April, July, September and October (Marques et al., 2004; Gil et al. 2020). Our colonies were collected from rocky bottoms, or growing on S. gayi . Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. This species has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution, from southwest Ireland (Henry &amp; Roberts 2008) to Cape Verde Islands and the western Mediterranean (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 100 to 1200 m (Henry &amp; Roberts 2008; Gil et al. 2020). Our material was collected at depths between 147– 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2013024C76986DF34E7DFE4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2012024C769869974DC9FB5C.text	03A787CC2012024C769869974DC9FB5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanularia hincksii Alder 1856	<div><p>Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856</p><p>Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856: 360, pl. 13 fig. 9.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 28 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, three colonies without gonothecae, two of them growing on Sertularella robusta and one on Sertularella gayi . —Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 20 colonies without gonothecae, of which 10 growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor, three on Cryptolaria pectinata, one on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini, one on Sertularella gayi and one on Polyplumaria flabellata . ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 1-DRC-09, 10 colonies without gonothecae growing on A. conferta minor . —Stn. 18-DRC-09, eight colonies without gonothecae growing on A. conferta minor .</p><p>Biology. The biology of C. hincksii has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our colonies were found growing on several leptothecate hydroid species. Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. This species has a circumglobal distribution (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), and its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 to 1200 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025, see references). Our material was collected at depths between 147– 571 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2012024C769869974DC9FB5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2012024C76986E844FC0F835.text	03A787CC2012024C76986E844FC0F835.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia gracilis (M. Sars 1851)	<div><p>Clytia gracilis (M. Sars, 1851)</p><p>Laomedea gracilis M. Sars, 1851: 138 .</p><p>Clytia gracilis: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 31–32 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, eight colonies without gonothecae, of which three were growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor, two on Halecium muricatum, one on Cryptolaria pectinata, one on Polyplumaria flabellata and another one on Sertularella robusta . —Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, one colony without gonothecae, growing on a coral fragment. ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 6-DRC-09, two colonies without gonothecae growing on Diphasia alata .</p><p>Biology. The biology of the species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was found growing on several leptothecate hydroid species and on a coral fragment. Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Clytia gracilis has a circumglobal distribution, reaching sub-Arctic and sub-Antarctic waters (Schuchert, 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025). Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 0 and 1443 (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025, see references). Our material was collected at depths between 371–1001 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2012024C76986E844FC0F835	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2015024B76986BB24DA6FDAF.text	03A787CC2015024B76986BB24DA6FDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus 1767)	<div><p>Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767)</p><p>Medusa hemisphaerica Linnaeus, 1767: 1098 .</p><p>Clytia hemisphaerica: Cornelius, 1995b: 252–255, fig. 57.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 32 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, one colony without gonothecae growing on Sertularella gayi . —Stn. CH-EBS-150-04, one colony with gonothecae, growing on a polychaete tube.</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was found growing on S. gayi and on a polychaete tube. Gonothecae were found in September.</p><p>Distribution. Clytia hemisphaerica is a circumglobal species (Calder 1991), and its bathymetric distribution ranges between 0 and 702 m (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Our material was collected at depths between 147– 150 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2015024B76986BB24DA6FDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2015024B769869A14C90FBD9.text	03A787CC2015024B769869A14C90FBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia paulensis (Vanhoffen 1910)	<div><p>Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910)</p><p>Campanularia paulensis Vanhöffen, 1910: 298, fig. 19.</p><p>Clytia paulensis: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 33 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, one colony without gonothecae growing on Sertularella gayi . —Stn. AG-AT-400-04, two colonies without gonothecae, of which one growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor and another on Sertularella robusta .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was collected growing on leptothecate hydroids. Gonothecae were not found.</p><p>Distribution. Clytia paulensis has a circumglobal distribution (Gil et al. 2020). Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 0 and 574 m (Ramil 1988; Gil et al. 2020). Our material was collected at depths between 147– 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2015024B769869A14C90FBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2015024B76986E034F90F84B.text	03A787CC2015024B76986E034F90F84B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Sertularia geniculata Linnaeus, 1758: 812 .</p><p>Laomedea geniculata: Leloup, 1974: 19–21, fig. 16.</p><p>Obelia geniculata: Millard, 1975: 229–230, fig. 75a–b.— Cornelius, 1995b: 301–303, fig. 70.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 162–163, fig. 31d.— Calder, 2012: 50–51, fig. 53.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, 13 colonies, some with gonothecae, 2–15 mm high, all of them growing on a crab caparace. Stn. CA-AT-150-04, two colonies with gonothecae, 5 mm high. —Stn. AG-AT-400-04, one colony without gonothecae growing on Cryptolaria pectinata .</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on algae, seagrasses, hydrozoans, bryozoans, molluscs, crustaceans, and other invertebrates, as well as on a dogfish (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil 2017). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae were found throughout the year (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Our material was collected from muddy sandy bottoms, growing on a crab and on C. pectinata . Gonothecae were found in September.</p><p>Distribution. Obelia geniculata is considered a cosmopolitan species, with a distribution in the eastern Atlantic ranging from Iceland to South Africa (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). However, the possible existence of cryptic species could restrict its distribution area (Calder 2012). Its bathymetric range extends from the tidal level (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrasosa 2002) to a depth of 381 m (Gili et al. 1989). Our material was collected at depths between 146–446 m, slightly extending its known bathymetrical range.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2015024B76986E034F90F84B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2014024A76986A024F3BFD5F.text	03A787CC2014024A76986A024F3BFD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium marocanum Billard 1934	<div><p>Halecium marocanum Billard, 1934</p><p>Halecium Sibogae marocanum Billard, 1934: 229, fig. 2.</p><p>Halecium marocanum: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 42–43, fig. 7E–F (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, one colony without gonothecae, 4 mm high, growing on Zygophylax levinseni . —Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, four colonies without gonothecae, 13–35 mm high .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Part of our material was collected growing on Z. levinseni . Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. This is a species with an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution and it was collected from 16 to 765 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material represents the northernmost record for this species, and it was secured between 371 and 1001 m, extending the known bathymetric range.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2014024A76986A024F3BFD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2014024A769868314CC1F8E7.text	03A787CC2014024A769868314CC1F8E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium muricatum (Ellis & Solander 1786)	<div><p>Halecium muricatum (Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786)</p><p>(Fig. 5C)</p><p>Sertularia muricata Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786: 59, pl. 7 figs 3–4.</p><p>Halecium muricatum: Calder, 1970: 1508, pl. I fig. 10, pl. II fig. 1.— Vervoort, 1972: 27, fig. 3b–d.— Cornelius, 1975: 402–405, fig. 10.— Millard, 1975: 153, 154, fig. 50A.— Cornelius, 1995a: 288–290, fig. 66.— Schuchert, 2001: 82–83, fig. 68A–B.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos- 2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, one colony without gonothecae growing on Sertularella robusta . —Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 13 colonies without gonothecae, 6–28 mm high, of which two growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor and one on an unidentified hydroid .</p><p>Remarks. Halecium muricatum was reported from the northern Galician coast by Billard (1906, as Halecium filicula Allman, 1877) (Ramil et al. 2017), and was collected during the Travailleur 1881 survey at Stn 8: 44º04'30"N – 07º07'16"W, 411 m depth (the longitudes in Billard’s report are based on the Paris meridian). Halecium filicula is a species known only from the Western Atlantic (Calder &amp; Cairns 2009); besides, the gonotheca described by Billard (1906: 162, fig. 2)—pedicellate, ovoid, and with numerous spines arranged in longitudinal rows—identifies his material as H. muricatum .</p><p>The node separating the apophysis from the primary hydrantophore allows the identification, even in sterile colonies (Schuchert, 2001).</p><p>Biology. Halecium muricatum has been collected from rocky, muddy, sandy, and pebbles bottoms, growing on Polyplumaria flabellata (Billard 1906, as H. filicula), algae, coral rubble, mollusc shells, and polychaete tubes (Cornelius 1975; Álvarez León &amp; Wedler 1982; Álvarez Claudio 1993). Fertile specimens have been collected in the northern hemisphere in February (Cornelius 1975), May (Schuchert 2001), June (Cornelius 1975), July (Billard 1906 as H. filicula; Álvarez Claudio 1993; Schuchert 2001), August (Schuchert 2001), September (Vervoort 1972), November (Cornelius 1975), and December (Cornelius 1975; Álvarez Claudio 1993). Our material was collected from rocky bottoms, growing on hydroids. Gonothecae were not found.</p><p>Distribution. Halecium muricatum is a widespread species in the Atlantic, having been collected from Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada (Vervoort 1972), and from Greenland and Iceland (Schuchert 2001) to the Cantabrian Sea (Billard, 1906 as H. filicula; Álvarez Claudio 1993), including the British Isles (Cornelius 1995a). This species was also recorded from the Western Mediterranean (Bouillon et al. 2004), and the Pacific and the Arctic Oceans (Álvarez León &amp; Wedler 1982; Álvarez Claudio 1993). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 2 (Álvarez León &amp; Wedler 1982) to 1350 m (Álvarez Claudio 1993). Our material was collected at depths between 147 and 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2014024A769868314CC1F8E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2017024976986BB24D34FD03.text	03A787CC2017024976986BB24D34FD03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium sessile Norman 1867	<div><p>Halecium sessile Norman, 1867</p><p>Halecium sessile Norman, 1867: 205 .— Vervoort, 1966: 100–102, fig. 1.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 85–86, fig. 20d.— Cornelius, 1995a: 292–294, fig. 68.— Vervoort, 2006: 252–254, fig. 21.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, four colonies with gonothecae, 6–18 mm high, one growing on bryozoans. —Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, one colony without gonothecae, 20 mm high.</p><p>Biology. Halecium sessile has been collected from muddy bottoms, artificial substrates, rocks, hydroids, and polychaete tubes (Billard 1904; Ritchie 1911; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Vervoort 2006; Gil 2017). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found from June to October (Cornelius 1995a; Vervoort 2006). Our material was collected from rocky bottoms, growing on bryozoans. Gonothecae were found in September.</p><p>Distribution. This species shows a near-cosmopolitan distribution, but its synonymy is not yet fully settled. In the eastern Atlantic, H. sessile was reported from Norway to Senegal (Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992). Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 5 (Watson 2005) and 1090 m (Gil 2017). Our material was collected at depths from 371 to 1001 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2017024976986BB24D34FD03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC20170249769869D54EA5FB46.text	03A787CC20170249769869D54EA5FB46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium tenellum Hincks 1861	<div><p>Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861</p><p>Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861: 252, pl. 6 figs 1–4.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 43–44 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, three colonies without gonothecae, two of them growing on Acryptolaria conferta minor and one on Diphasia alata .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently revised by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was found growing on hydroids. Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Halecium tenellum is considered a near-cosmopolitan species, with a wide distribution in the eastern Atlantic, ranging from Norway to South Africa (Cornelius 1995a). However, some authors agree that its accurate distribution is still unsettled due to possible misidentifications, mainly in material collected at higher latitudes in the North Atlantic (see Hamond 1957; Cornelius 1975, 1995; Calder 1991; Schuchert 2005). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 to 1200 m (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Our material was collected at depths between 371 and 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC20170249769869D54EA5FB46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2017024976986E9E4DA6F85F.text	03A787CC2017024976986E9E4DA6F85F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux 1821)	<div><p>Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux, 1821)</p><p>Sertularella gayi Lamouroux, 1821: 12–13, pl. 66 figs 8–9.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 45–46 (synonymy).</p><p>Sertularella gayi gayi: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 219–222, fig. 61a–e.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, 29 colonies without gonothecae, 7–125 mm high, of which one growing on a polychaete tube. —Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 20 colonies without gonothecae, 9–85 mm high. — Stn. AG-EBS-150-04, three colonies without gonothecae, 8–35 mm high .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was collected from muddy sand and rocky bottoms, with one colony growing on a polychaete tube. Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Sertularella gayi is an Atlantic-Mediterranean species with a wide distribution in the eastern Atlantic, spreading from the Spitzbergen region in the North to Gough Island in the South (Ramil et al. 1992). Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 9 and 1200 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material was collected at depths between 147– 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2017024976986E9E4DA6F85F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC20160248769868C24C90FAC3.text	03A787CC20160248769868C24C90FAC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphisbetia distans (Lamoroux 1816)	<div><p>Amphisbetia distans (Lamoroux, 1816)</p><p>Sertularia distans Lamouroux, 1816: 180, pl. V fig. 1A–B.</p><p>Amphisbetia distans: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 48–49, fig. 8C (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-EBS-250-04, one colony with gonothecae, 8 mm high .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was collected from muddy sandy bottoms. Gonothecae were found in September.</p><p>Distribution. Amphisbetia distans is a circumtropical species with a bathymetric distribution ranging from the tidal level to 826 m [see Gil &amp; Ramil (2025) for references]. Our material was collected at depths between 242– 248 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC20160248769868C24C90FAC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2016024876986E954F99F865.text	03A787CC2016024876986E954F99F865.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphisbetia operculata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Amphisbetia operculata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Sertularia operculata Linnaeus, 1758: 808 .— Hincks, 1869: 263, pl. LIV figs a–c.— Vervoort, 1946: 249, fig. 109a–b.</p><p>Amphisbetia operculata: Millard, 1975: 251, fig. 83A–E.— Cornelius, 1979: 254, fig. 6a–b.— Cornelius, 1995b: 30, fig. 4A–G.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-EBS-150-04, two colonies with gonothecae, 25–45 mm high .</p><p>Biology. This species has been found growing on rocky substrates, algae, other hydroids, gorgonians, bryozoans, molluscs, cirripedes, and artificial substrata (Hincks 1869, as Sertularia operculata; Vervoort 1972; Cornelius 1979; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been collected in January, February, and from May to December (Da Cunha 1950; Tessier 1965; Chas &amp; Rodríguez 1977; Altuna et al. 1983; Ramil 1988; Álvarez Claudio 1993; Gil 2017), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae have been reported in February, September, and December (Gili et al. 1989; Galea 2015). Our material was collected from muddy sand bottoms. Gonothecae were observed in September.</p><p>Distribution. Amphisbetia operculata is a species with an almost cosmopolitan distribution, being reported from all oceans except the Arctic (Gil 2017), and the species is particularly abundant along the Atlantic coast of Africa (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from the tidal level (Galea 2015) to 519 m (Gil 2017). Our colonies were collected at 158 m depth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2016024876986E954F99F865	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2016024876986BB24892FC9A.text	03A787CC2016024876986BB24892FC9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella robusta Allman 1874	<div><p>Sertularella robusta Allman, 1874</p><p>Sertularella gayi var. robusta Allman, 1874: 474, pl. LXVI figs 3, 3A.</p><p>Sertularella gayi robusta: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 223–225, figs 60B, 62A–C.</p><p>Sertularella robusta: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 48 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-150-04, seven colonies without gonothecae, 15–27 mm high. — Stn.AG-AT-400-04, nine colonies without gonothecae, 24–75 mm high. —Stn.AG-EBS-150-04, one colony without gonothecae, 15 mm high .</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described as Sertularella gayi var. robusta by Allman (1874). However, Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) found important differences with the nominal species in colony shape and hydrothecae and gonothecae morphology. More recent research, focused on molecular taxonomy of the family Sertulariidae conducted by Moura et al. (2011b), demonstrated that S. robusta is a valid species, clearly separated from S. gayi .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was collected on muddy sand and rocky bottoms. Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Sertularella robusta has a North Atlantic distribution. In the eastern Atlantic, it was reported from the Shetland Islands (Stechow 1925) to Guinea-Bissau (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 120 to 1003 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material was collected at depths between 147– 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2016024876986BB24892FC9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2019024776986BFA4E7DFD54.text	03A787CC2019024776986BFA4E7DFD54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphasia alata (Hincks 1855)	<div><p>Diphasia alata (Hincks, 1855)</p><p>Diphasia alata: Gil &amp; Ramil, 2025: 49–50 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 17 colonies, some with gonothecae, 2–230 mm high, of which seven growing on Polyplumaria flabellata . ForSaGal-2009: Stn. 6-DRC-09, three colonies with gonothecae, 188–210 mm high. —Stn. 18-DRC-09, two colonies with gonothecae, 6–170 mm high, of which one growing on P. flabellata .</p><p>Biology. The biology of this species has been recently reviewed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2025). Our material was collected from rocky bottoms and from bottoms with cobbles and carbonate crusts, growing on P. flabellata . Gonothecae were found in February for the first time for the species, and also in September.</p><p>Distribution. Diphasia alata is an East-Atlantic species, distributed from Norway (Cornelius 1995b) to Guinea-Bissau (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). The bathymetric range extends from 7 to 1024 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2025). Our material was collected at depths between 317– 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2019024776986BFA4E7DFD54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC201902477698683C4EA8F92F.text	03A787CC201902477698683C4EA8F92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphasia margareta (Hassall 1841)	<div><p>Diphasia margareta (Hassall, 1841)</p><p>(Fig. 6A–B)</p><p>Diphasia margareta: Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b: 309–318, figs 4–7 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. AG-AT-400-04, 10 colonies without gonothecae, 15–62 mm high, of which one growing on Polyplumaria flabellata and another on Cladocarpus sigma var. folini .</p><p>Remarks. D. margareta has been considered, for many years, as a species with a highly-variable morphology, at both the trophosomal and gonosomal levels (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992). This variability led Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) to separate the material identified as D. margareta from the BALGIM expedition into four groups or morphotypes, but without assigning them any taxonomic status. Subsequently, Gil and Ramil (2017b), after studying a large collection of material primarily collected from NW Africa and the Lusitanian seamounts, separated four different species, namely D. margareta, Diphasia leonisae Gil &amp; Ramil, 2017, Diphasia saharica Gil &amp; Ramil, 2017, and Diphasia africana Gil &amp; Ramil, 2017, integrating differences in the morphology of the colonies, hydrothecae, and male and female gonothecae (see Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b for a discussion).</p><p>In spite of the sterile condition of the colonies examined herein, we are confident that our material belongs to the present species, as its hydrothecae fall within the typical morphology of D. margareta .</p><p>Biology. This species has been collected from bottoms composed of small stones and shells, growing on other hydroids, scleractinians, bryozoans, polychaete tubes, and artificial substrates such as fishing lines (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found in March and from May to December (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b). Our material was collected from rocky bottoms and growing on P. flabellata and C. sigma var. folini . Gonothecae were not observed.</p><p>Distribution. Diphasia margareta, within the range of its current taxonomic status, is a species widely distributed in the eastern Atlantic, from Norway to Guinea-Bissau, including the Mediterranean Sea (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 24 (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998) and 1426 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b). Our material was collected at depths between 371– 446 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC201902477698683C4EA8F92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
03A787CC2019024576986CB14E43FC62.text	03A787CC2019024576986CB14E43FC62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symplectoscyphus bathyalis Vervoort 1972	<div><p>Symplectoscyphus cf. bathyalis Vervoort, 1972</p><p>(Fig. 6C–D; Table 10)</p><p>Symplectoscyphus bathyalis Vervoort, 1972: 174–180, figs 58–59a–c, 60a.— Vervoort, 1993: 242–245, figs 54f–h, 55a–b, d.— Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 43–45, fig. 21a–b.— Altuna, 2012a: 241–245, fig. 1 A–E.— Soto-Ángel &amp; Peña Cantero, 2015: 998, fig. 6f–g.</p><p>Material examined. Vertidos-2004: Stn. GA-DRN-1000-04, one colony without gonothecae, 20 mm high .</p><p>Remarks. Several authors questioned the possible conspecificity between S. bathyalis and Symplectoscyphus paulensis Stechow, 1923 (Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998; Soto-Angel &amp; Peña Cantero 2015). Both species are, however, currently considered valid, mainly due to differences in the morphology of their gonothecae (Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998; Schuchert et al. 2025).</p><p>Although our material is sterile, it shows some features that are consistent with the original description given by Vervoort (1972), allowing its distinction from S. paulensis . These features include the geniculate stem and branches, the constant biometric ratio between the free/adnate part of the adcaulinar wall of the hydrotheca, and the monosiphonic structure of the colonies in S. bathyalis . Instead, S. paulensis presents a geniculate structure only in young parts of the colonies but straight in older parts, a more variable ratio between the free/adnate part of adcauline wall, and a generally polysiphonic condition of its colonies. Nevertheless, we believe that securing fertile colonies would be the only way to support a reliable identification of the present material.</p><p>Biology. Symplectoscyphus bathyalis has been found on rocky bottoms growing on bryozoans and submarine cables (Vervoort 1993; Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998; Soto Angel &amp; Peña Cantero 2015). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies were found from April to June (Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Altuna 2012a), and in August in the southern hemisphere (Vervoort 1993). Gonothecae were not observed in our material.</p><p>Distribution. Most records of this species are from different parts of the Atlantic Ocean, being collected from Nova Scotia, Iceland, the Bay of Biscay, Mauritania, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It has also been collected from New Caledonia, Chile, and in Antarctic and Patagonian waters (Soto-Angel &amp; Peña Cantero 2015). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 249 (Soto-Angel &amp; Peña Cantero 2015) and 2657 m (Vervoort 1972). Our material was collected at depths between 999–1001 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787CC2019024576986CB14E43FC62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Costas-Pérez, Javier;Rey, Alán;Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Costas-Pérez, Javier, Rey, Alán, Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2026): Deep-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Galicia (NW Spain), exclusive of Plumularioidea. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 151-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.1
