taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A69C14FF92FF92FFE3FF2E67504ACA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ On bark of a dead branch of Ulmus sp., Linder’s Woods, Iowa City, V. 7. 1932, D. P. R. 224, type. ’.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF92FF92FFE3FF2E67504ACA.taxon	discussion	Notes: Ceratobasidium calosporum is not conspecific with the majority of species subsequently introduced in or placed in the genus Ceratobasidium. Therefore, a nomenclatural solution is suggested for the re-typification of Ceratobasidium in order to prevent disadvantageous name changes (see the section Problems with the name Ceratobasidium in the Discussion, below). Roberts (1999) described Cr. anacalospora as the anamorph of Cb. calosporum and the pair are treated here as synonymous.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF92FF92FFE3FD0F63D74ECA.taxon	discussion	Ceratorhiza is listed above as a probable synonym. Certainly, a number of species placed in this genus introduced for asexual morphs of Ceratobasidium now belong in Rhizoctonia, but confirmation of the generic synonymy requires identification of the type of the name Ceratorhiza, Cr. goodyerae-repentis, here listed as a name of uncertain application. Accepted species: Rhizoctonia amygdalispora (Hauerslev et al.) Oberw. et al., R. anceps (Bres. et al.) Oberw. et al., R. angustispora (Warcup & P. H. B. Talbot) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. anomala (Currah) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. australiensis (Y. P. Tan & P. Adhikari) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. biapiculata (D. P. Rogers) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. bicornis (J. Erikss. & Ryvarden) Oberw et al., R. brevispora (Pouzar) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. bulbillifaciens (Diederich & Lawrey) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. butinii Oberw. et al., R. chavesiana (M. P. Melo et al.) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. cornigera (Bourdot), Zmitr., R. erinnae (Y. P. Tan) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. floccosa Burgeff, R. fumigata (N. Nakata ex Hara) P. S. Gunnell & R. K. Webster, R. fusispora (J. Schröt.) Oberw. et al., R. gardneri (Warcup) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. globispora (Warcup & P. H. B. Talbot) Oberw. et al., R. gomesae (E. S. Cruz et al.) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. hebelomatospora (Boidin & Gilles) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. hydrophila (Sacc.) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. klebahnii (G. Burchard) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. korinnae (Y. P. Tan) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. lantanae-camarae (H. C. Evans et al.) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. microsclerotia Matz, R. myrtisiae (Y. P. Tan) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. niltonsouzana (M. P. Melo et al.) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. noxia (Donk) Oberw. et al., R. obscura (D. P. Rogers) Oberw. et al., R. ochracea (Massee) Oberw. et al., R. papillata (Warcup & P. H. B. Talbot) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. pennata (Currah) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. pernacatena (Zelmer & Currah) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. praticola (Kotila) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. praxillae (Y. P. Tan) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. pseudocornigera (M. P. Christ.) Oberw. et al., R. queenslandica (Y. P. Tan & P. Adhikari) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. ramicola W. A. Weber & D. A. Roberts, R. repetospora (G. Langer & Ryvarden) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. rhizodes (Auersw.) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. robertsii R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. sapphoae (Y. P. Tan) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. sasakii (Shirai) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. scaberula (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. setariae (Sawada) R. P. O’Donnell et al., R. solani J. G. Kühn, R. sphaerospora (Warcup & P. H. B. Talbot) Oberw. et al., R. sterigmatica (Bourdot) Oberw. et al., R. stridii (J. Erikss. & Ryvarden) Oberw. et al., R. terrigena (Bres.) Oberw. et al., R. theobromae (P. H. B. Talbot & Keane) Oberw. et al., R. tradescantiae (D. M. Macedo et al.) R. P. O’Donnell et al.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF92FF8DFCA2F86F670A4C6A.taxon	materials_examined	ITS barcode: MH 855251 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0961344.10 FU. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301583 (R); LSU = MH 866704 (R); TEF 1 = DQ 301652.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF92FF8DFCA2F86F670A4C6A.taxon	discussion	Notes: The type of R. anceps has not been sequenced. A sequence from a culture identified as Cb. anceps (CBS 152.32) which was isolated from the same host species cited in the protologue (Pteridium aquilinum) generated by Vu et al. (2019) was selected as a representative sequence for this study. The treatment of Sclerotium deciduum as a synonym follows Roberts (1999).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFF13FBEF644D404A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotypus: Herb. ADW No. 16594, J. H. Warcup (0507) (described 1971 as C. sp.) … Host: Pterostylis mutica R. Br., Hincks, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. ’ According to Roberts (1999) the type ‘ cannot now be found’. ITS barcode: AJ 427403 (T).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFF13FBEF644D404A.taxon	description	UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0987490.10 FU. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301591 (T); LSU = MH 873364 (T); RPB 2 = DQ 301722 (T). Ex-type culture: CBS 568.83.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFF13FBEF644D404A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) treated this taxon as conspecific with R. pseudocornigera, despite the highly disjunct distribution between the type of Ceratobasidium angustisporum (Australia) and the type of R. pseudocornigera (Denmark). The type specimen of R. pseudocornigera has to date not been sequenced; however, the ex-type culture of Cb. angustisporum has been sequenced. Sequences of Cb. angustisporum are curated in the UNITE database as species hypothesis SH 0987490.10. Sequences corresponding with this species hypothesis from global soil samples appear to have only been identified in Australia and South Africa, supporting the proposition that this taxon is distinct from the northern hemisphere R. pseudocornigera.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFCADFF2F62314C4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Neotype a dried colony of UAMH 6451 on CMA, ex C. viride, Cardinal River Divide. ’ Given that the name was being newly described by Currah, the designation as “ neotype ” should be corrected to “ holotype ”. ITS barcode: ITS 1 = KF 267003 (T); ITS 2 = KF 267040 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a. Alternative marker: LSU = KF 267077 (T). Ex-type culture: CBS 193.90.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFCADFF2F62314C4A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Currah et al. (1990) introduced the name ‘ Moniliopsis anomala Burgeff ex Currah, sp. nov. ’ accompanied by a description and citation of a ‘ neotype’. According to Art. 46.4, the name should be attributed to Currah alone, even though it was an attempt to validate ‘ Rhizoctonia anomala Burgeff’, because Burgeff’s name was introduced in a different genus. Even though the name R. anomal a has been used in the literature, it is not valid. Therefore, we here create the valid combination R. anomala by formalising the transfer of M. anomala to Rhizoctonia.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFCADFB8F63144E8A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Australia, Queensland, Bundaberg, from root lesion of Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae), 2019, P. Adhikari (holotype BRIP 73022 a permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state). ’ ITS barcode: PP 794647 (T).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFCADFB8F63144E8A.taxon	description	UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8DFF8DFCADFB8F63144E8A.taxon	discussion	Notes: A BLAST search of the type accession of R. australiensis found that it is similar to accessions identified as Rhizoctonia AG-Ba, identified here as R. fumigata. However, the type sequence for R. australiensis was found to be only 94.29 % identical with the type sequence of R. fumigata (GenBank FJ 231392). As there appears to be substantial divergence between these two accessions, R. australiensis and R. fumigata are best treated as distinct entities.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFFE3FEAF67C74BAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotypus: Eriksson & Nannfeldt no. 14236 (herb. Eriksson). Type locality: Denmark, Sjaelland, Grib Skov, on living specimens of Polytrichum attenuatum 2.10.1955. ’ Roberts (1999) cites ‘ J. Eriksson & J. A. Nannfeldt 14236, K (M) 35666 ’ as isotype. ITS barcode: AF 200514 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0897788.10 FU.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFFE3FEAF67C74BAA.taxon	discussion	Notes: The type for R. bicornis has not been sequenced. A sequence identified as Cb. bicorne (GenBank AF 200514) generated by Hietala et al. (2001) from a specimen of Polytrichum in their study linking Cb. bicorne to a uninucleate Rhizoctonia pine pathogen was selected for use as a representative sequence here.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFFE3FBAF64844D2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotypus: Bohemia, Voškov apud Karlštejn, Carpinus betulus - ad truncum iacentem, 7. V. 2001, leg. Z. Pouzar, PRM 895056, in Museo Nationale Pragae asservatur. ’ [‘ Holotype: Bohemia, Voškov near Karlštejn, on a trunk of Carpinus betulus, 7. V. 2001., collected by Z. Pouzar, PRM 895056, preserved in the National Museum in Prague. ’]	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFFE3FA2F63504C6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Type: Germany, Hessen, Giessen, Parkplatz bei Sporthalle im süden von Heuchelheim, alt. 155 m, on Acer platanoides, on unidentified, dying lichenized crust, also on young thalli of Physcia tenella, 6 September 2010, R. Cezanne & M. Eichler 8193 (BR – holotype; hb. Diederich – isotype). Ex-type culture: CBS 129339. ‘ [‘ Type: Germany, Hessen, Giessen. Parking lot at the sport hall in the south of Heuchelheim ... ’]. ITS barcode: OR 471309 (T); KC 336072 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0961369.10 FU. Alternative markers: LSU = KC 336071 (R); RPB 2 OR 473843 (R); TEF 1 = OR 490360 (R). Ex-type culture: CBS 129339.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFFE3FA2F63504C6A.taxon	discussion	Notes: In the protologue for Cb. bulbillifaciens, CBS 129339 is cited as the ex-type culture for the collection “ Eichler-Cezanne 8193 ”; however, there was no ITS sequence from this culture generated by the authors in their published phylogeny as “ another sequence (Eichler-Cezanne 8193) proved to be too short to be reliably placed phylogenetically ” (p. 338). Instead, the authors incorporated a single ITS sequence from CBS 132236 which represents the collection “ Eichler-Cezanne 8067 ”, listed as an additional specimen examined. Diederich et al. (2014) inferred a separate LSU tree which did incorporate sequences from both CBS 129339 and CBS 132236, which were clustered together. Sequences of the ITS region from the ex-type culture (CBS 129339) were later generated by Swenie et al. (2024). When BLASTed, the ITS sequence from CBS 132236 published by Diederich et al. (2014) was found to share> 99 % similarity to ITS sequences generated from the ex-type culture by Swenie et al. (2024). Sequences from both accessions are clustered within the UNITE 1.5 % SH SH 0961369.10 FU. On this basis, CBS 129339 and CBS 132236 should indeed be considered conspecific. There are sequences of the RPB 2 and TEF 1 regions for Cb. bulbillifaciens available on GenBank; however, they have been sequenced from CBS 132236. As sequences for the ITS, LSU, RPB 2, and TEF 1 regions were available for CBS 132236 and not CBS 129339, sequences representing CBS 132236 were selected for phylogenetic analyses in this study to ensure all regions incorporated were from the same collection. These sequences are cited here as representative sequences in addition to the type ITS barcode.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFCA2FBEF62074DEA.taxon	materials_examined	ITS barcode: KF 386035 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0897760.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = KF 386035 (sequence contains both ITS and LSU regions - T).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFCA2FA6F65B5404A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Brazil, State of Espírito Santo, Conceição do Castelo (41 ° 17 ‘ 45 “ W, 20 ° 22 ’ 08 ” S), in Coffea arabica, May 2010, Hélcio Costa and José Aires Ventura (Holotype VIC 44207, Ex-type CML 3474). ’ ITS barcode: KX 870113 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0814273.10 FU. Ex-type culture: CML 3474.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8CFF8CFCA2FA6F65B5404A.taxon	discussion	Note: The epithet chavesanum is erroneously terminated as per Art. 60.8 (d) (Shenzhen) and is here corrected to chavesianum.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFF13FF2F679F4E0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Vere et aestate, ad caules putrescentes Helianthi tuberosi, Saint-Priest-en-Murat. ‘ [‘ Spring and summer, on putrescent stems of Helianthus tuberosus, Saint-Priest-en-Murat’]. Roberts cites the collection ‘ Allier, St. Priest, on rotting stalks of Helianthus tubersosus, 13 May 1913, H. Bourdot 9355 PC’ as holotype. ITS barcode: AJ 301903 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301576; RPB 2 = DQ 301707; TEF 1 = DQ 301645.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFF13FF2F679F4E0A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Refer to notes for R. ramicola and R. lantanae-camarae. The type of R. cornigera has not been sequenced. Oberwinkler et al. (2013) note that Cb. cornigerum is a broadly circumscribed taxon with no clear preference with respect to host or nutritional mode. The taxon is likely a species complex which contains several distinct taxa. Sequences from a CBS culture (CBS 132.82) identified as Cb. cornigerum in the analyses of Oberwinkler et al. (2013) generated by Gónzalez et al. (2001) were selected as representative sequences in this study. The synonymy of R. cerealis with R. cornigera follows Roberts (1999). Bondartseva & Zmitrovich (2024) transferred Cb. cornigerum to Rhizoctonia and noted (p. S 33) that “ If synonymy of Ceratobasidium cornigerum with Rhizoctonia goodyerae-repentis or Rh. fragariae is confirmed by modern methods for assessing taxonomic distance, one of these names should be used in the application to this species. If all three names are synonyms, the priority should be given to Rh. goodyerae-repentis. ” However, we note that R. fragariae is an invalid name (Table 3), and R. goodyerae-repentis is considered a name of uncertain application (see notes under R. fusispora; Table 4).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFF13F9CF67014FAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Australia, Queensland, Jimbour, from root of Cicer arietinum (Fabaceae), 16 Sep. 2014, S. M. Thompson (holotype BRIP 61614 a permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state). ’ ITS barcode: PQ 061104 (T).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFF13F9CF67014FAA.taxon	description	UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFCADFF2F62D94C4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ M. R. [Mycelium radicis] (Myrmechis) glabrae (Pangerango, Java) ... M. R. (Myrmechis) gracilis (Pangerango, Java). ’ ITS barcode: MH 855816 (R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFCADFF2F62D94C4A.taxon	description	UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0987472.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = MH 867319 (R). Authentic strain culture: CBS 336.36. Notes: Considered a nomen dubium by Andersen & Stalpers (1994) and Roberts (1999), as no holotype specimen was designated. However, an authentic strain (CBS 336.36) isolated by Burgeff from the host orchid (Myrmechis glabrae) mentioned in the protologue and collected from the type locality (‘ Tjibodas’ [Cibodas], ‘ Pangerango’ [Pangrango]) is extant and has been sequenced. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis recovered this representative sequence as separate from sequences from named Rhizoctonia species but closely related to unnamed orchid mycorrhizal OTUs. Andersen & Stalpers (1994) note in their discussion of R. floccosa that “ the very small monilioid cells are quite distinct ” (p. 442). This morphological distinction, coupled with molecular results in this study suggest that recognition of R. floccosa at the species level is indeed warranted.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFCADFB8F63DA4EAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ NEOTYPE: In herb. Univ. of California, Berkeley, UC 1475045 … CULTURE EXAMINED: CBS 577.81 from Japan … A dried specimen of S. fumigatum CBS 577.81 has been deposited at UC to serve as a neotype. ’ designated by Gunnell & Webster (1987). ITS barcode: FJ 231392 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0961366.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = FJ 212353 (T). Ex-type culture: CBS 577.81.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8FFCADFB8F63DA4EAA.taxon	discussion	Notes: See also notes under R. setariae. Rhizoctonia fumigata is considered to represent Rhizoctonia AG-Ba (Ogoshi et al. 1983, Oniki et al. 1986, Roberts 1999). No holotype was designated by Nakata for the basionym Sclerotium fumigatum but Gunnell & Webster (1987) have designated a neotype.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8EFCADF8AF67744D4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Auf Holz und Rinden. Moos u. dergl. überziehend. Oktober – Dezember. — Neumarkt: Lissa. ’ [‘ on wood and bark, covered with moss etc. October – December. — Neumarkt: Lissa. ’]. Roberts (1999) indicated that ‘ the species lacks a type collection’. ITS barcode: DQ 398957 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0961356.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = AF 518664 (R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8FFF8EFCADF8AF67744D4A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) stated that ‘ this species lacks a type collection and should be suitably neotypified. ’ (p. 79). A neotype has not yet been designated. Representative sequences for this taxon have been selected from Hibbett & Binder (2002). A BLAST search found that representative sequences for R. fusispora used in this study are identical with sequences considered by Currah et al. (1990) and Taylor & McCormick (2008) to represent Cr. goodyerae-repentis. Phylogenetic analyses in this study similarly clustered the purported sequences of Cr. goodyerae-repentis together with sequences of R. fusispora. It is possible that R. fusispora and Cr. goodyerae-repentis / R. goodyerae-repentis are conspecific; however, Andersen & Stalpers (1994) noted that no type was designated for Cr. goodyerae-repentis / R. goodyerae-repentis, and that no illustration or authentic strain exists. Additionally, Moore’s (1987) treatment of Cr. goodyerae-repentis considered it the teleomorph of Cb. cornigerum. Andersen & Stalpers (1994) considered Cr. goodyerae-repentis and R. goodyerae-repentis as nomina dubia which is followed in this treatment, pending typification of the names.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8EFF8EFFE3FA8F6206490A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotypus: Herb ADW 17023, J. H. Warcup, ex Rhizanthella gardneri, Corrigin, W. A., 11 February 1986. ’ [MEL 2146230] ITS barcode: GQ 175295 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0897913.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = GQ 200563 (R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8EFF8EFFE3FA8F6206490A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Considered a nomen dubium by Roberts (1999) on the basis that the herbarium specimen had been lost. However, the herbarium specimen has since been located at the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL) and digitised (MEL 2146230). The specimen is a dried agar culture and sequencing of this specimen was attempted by us but failed. Bougoure et al. (2009) isolated and sequenced a species of Ceratobasidiaceae from the orchid Rhizanthella gardneri from the type locality of Thanatephorus gardneri (Sorensons Reserve, Corrigin, W. A.), which was later designated as ‘ OTU C’ sensu Freestone et al. (2021). Based on the specificity of the mycorrhizal associations of R. gardneri (Warcup 1985, 1991, Bougoure et al. 2009, 2010), the taxon identified by Bougoure et al. (2009) is almost certainly conspecific with Th. gardneri. A sequence from Bougoure et al. (2009) isolated from R. gardneri from the type locality (which was recovered within the Rhizoctonia clade in our analysis) is taken as a representative sequence here.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8EFF8EFCA2FECF62174BCA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotypus: Herb. ADW No. 16595, J. H. Warcup (0792) … Hosts: Trichoglottis australiensis Dockr., Northern Queensland (isolate 0792) ’. According to Roberts (1999) the type ‘ cannot now be found’. ITS barcode: DQ 278942 (T) [MH 873365 is also derived from the same ex-type culture]. UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301592 (T); LSU = MH 873365 (T); RPB 2 = DQ 301723 (T); TEF 1 = DQ 301644 (T). Ex-type culture: CBS 569.83.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8EFF8EFCA2FC0F62174D2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Type: – BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Parque Estadual Serra do Brigadeiro, from roots of Gomesa recurva R. Br. (Orchidaceae), September 2019, Cruz, E. S. (Holotype VIC 47413, ex-type living culture COAD 3147). ’ ITS barcode: MT 796443 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0961466.10 FU. Ex-type culture: COAD 3147.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8EFF89FCA2FA2F6786494A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ LY 9022, sous un tronc abattu, même lieu [en lisière du fourré littoral à 14 km au N. de Libreville], 7 décembre 1978, G. Gilles 1326. ’ [‘ LY 9022, under a felled trunk, same place (on the edge of the coastal thicket 14 km. N. of Libreville), 7 December 1978, G. Gilles 1326. ’]	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8EFF89FCA2FA2F6786494A.taxon	discussion	Notes: The epithet hebelomatosporus is based on the generic name Hebeloma, formed from words with an origin in Ancient Greek, with a termination based on the Greek noun σπορα, treated in Botanical Latin as spora. According to Art. 60.10 “ adjectival epithets that combine elements derived from two or more Greek or Latin words are to be compounded … [by] adding a connecting vowel (- i- for Latin elements, - o- for Greek elements) ”. Some sources, such as Index Fungorum, amend the spelling to hebelomatisporus but given that the word elements are both ultimately derived from Greek, the original spelling is best maintained.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF89FF89FF13FE8F63DF4C8A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ ap. Rothert Ueb. Sclerotium hydroph. Leipzig. 1892 (Bot. Zeit.) … Hab. in caulibus, quos vexat v. necat, Myriophylli et Hydrocharidis in horto bot. Strasbourg et Kazan, ubi legit cl. ROTHERT, qui inde coluit in compluribus aliis plantis. ’ [‘ In the writings of Rothert about Sclerotium hydroph. Leipzig. 1892 (Bot. Zeit.) ... Living in the stems, where it plagues or kills, Myriophyllum and Hydrocharis in the botanic gardens of Strasbourg and Kazan, where it was collected by ROTHERT, who later cultivated it in several other plants. ’]. Lectotype (here designated, MBT 10018477), illustration in Rothert, W. (1892) Botanische Zeitung 50, Taf. VII (reproduced here as Fig. 5 a and 5 b). Epitype (here designated, MBT 10018479): The Netherlands, isolated from Victoria regia, 1927, C. J. Buisman (CBS 201.27, culture stored in a metabolically inactive state). ITS barcode: FJ 231396 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0916688.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = FJ 212349 (T). Ex-epitype culture: CBS 201.27.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF89FF89FF13FE8F63DF4C8A.taxon	discussion	Notes: In their molecular analyses to determine the phylogenetic placement of Sclerotium hydrophilum, Xu et al. (2010) used sequences from CBS cultures CBS 201.27 (isolated from the water lily Victoria regia in The Netherlands) and CBS 385.63 (from a " submerged leaf in garden pond " in Italy). Both CBS-derived sequences were recovered in a clade closely related to sequences variously identified as Ceratorhiza, and S. hydrophylum was consequently transferred to Ceratorhiza. The name Ceratorhiza hydrophila has subsequently been used to identify further isolates from aquatic plants, including Myriophyllum spicatum (Elsaba et al. 2022). The name S. hydrophilum was originally introduced by Rothert (1892) in an extensive discussion of a sclerotiumforming fungus found in association with water plants. Rothert (1892) indicated that P. A. Saccardo examined material and provided the comment ‘ Nous pouvez, je pense, le decrire sous un nom provisoire, p. e. Sclerotium hydrophilum ’ [‘ We can, I think, describe it under a provisional name Sclerotium hydrophilum ’.] Due to the provisional nature of the name, as introduced by Rothert (1892), it is invalid according to Art. 36.1. Saccardo & Sydow (1899) later validly published the name, attributed there to P. A. Saccardo alone, and provided a description which cited Rothert (1892). Gola (1930) in his catalogue of the Saccardo Herbarium (now at PAD) does not list any material of S. hydrophilum. Hence, we designate as lectotype the illustration in Rothert (1892) because it can be considered part of the original material under Art. 9.4, being published illustrations that Saccardo (in Saccardo & Sydow, 1899) associated with the taxon via his citation of Rothert (1892). The illustration in Rothert (1892) depicts the internal structure of the sclerotium (as globose to irregularly subglobose to ellipsoid elements) along with cylindrical, septate hyphae, lacking clamp connections, some with right angled branching. These characters are consistent with Rhizoctonia but are not characteristic enough at species level because a number of species of Rhizoctonia form sclerotia (Sumner 1996). Because of this ambiguity, we therefore epitypify the name as above. A separate phylogenetic analysis of GenBank ITS sequences identified as Ceratorhiza hydrophila / Sclerotium hydrophilum and sequences that BLAST to GenBank FJ 231390 (Supporting Information Fig. S 1; Table S 4) recovered two sister clades; one containing CBS 201.27 (GenBank FJ 231396) from the Netherlands [one of the sequences utilised by Xu et al. (2010)] along with sequences from China, and the other containing GenBank EU 152867 (Hu et al. 2010) and other sequences from China, as well as sequences from Egypt, Myanmar, Philippines and USA. Interestingly, the sequence representing CBS 385.63 was recovered as sister to the clade containing CBS 201.27. When BLASTed, the ITS sequence of CBS 385.63 shares only 91.19 % identity with CBS 201.27. However, BLAST results for LSU sequences of the same two CBS cultures found 97.99 % identity. Given the existence of two or more clades in our analysis, it is possible that there are multiple taxa represented among sequences in GenBank currently identified as Cr. hydrophila. We chose as epitype one of the sequences utilised by Xu et al. (2010), from the Netherlands (CBS 201.27) as it was recovered within a distinct clade with several other accessions (and thus more representative of this particular taxon), rather than CBS 385.63 which was recovered as a single branch. On the basis of the sequence information, S. hydrophilum clearly belongs in Rhizoctonia.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF89FF8AFCADFB4F648549EA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Ich möchte dem Pilz, im Hinblick auf die Verdienste Herrn Prof. Klebahns um die Erforschung der Kiefernschädlinge überhaupt, und da er den Pilz zuerst in Kultur zog, den Namen Moniliopsis klebahni geben. ’ [I would like to give to the fungus, in view of Prof. Klebahn’s achievements in researching pine pests in general, and since he was the first to grow the fungus in culture, the name Moniliopsis klebahni. ’] ITS barcode: MH 854971 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0897862.10 FU.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF89FF8AFCADFB4F648549EA.taxon	discussion	Notes: BLAST results show that the sequence of M. klebahnii used in this study (GenBank MH 854971) generated by Vu et al. (2019) which is cited as being sequenced from an authentic isolate produced by G. Burchard – the author of M. klebahnii – is 99 – 100 % identical with several accessions of Cb. albasitensis published by González et al. (2002), including the ex-type sequence of Cb. albasitensis used in this study (GenBank AJ 242875). These two accessions are placed together in the UNITE 1.5 % SH SH 0897862.10 FU. Sequences from the 1.5 % SH come from a wide geographic range and from a wide variety of hosts, but we note that M. klebahnii and Cb. albasitensis are both stated to be pine pathogens in their respective protologues. Due to the high identity between reference sequences of both Moniliopsis klebahnii and Cb. albasitensis, they should be considered synonymous. As M. klebahnii (1929) predates the publication of Cb. albasitensis (2002), the epithet klebahnii takes priority.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFFE3FE6F67124B0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Australia, Queensland, Biloela, from root canker of Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), 24 Apr. 1997, J. Mackie (holotype BRIP 27717 a permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state). ’ ITS barcode: PQ 061105 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFFE3FCCF66984EEA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotype: IMI 360868, on Lantana camara, Rio Ariaú – Rio Negro, Manacaparu, Amazonas, Brazil, 31 July 1991, R. W. Barreto & H. C. Evans. ’. An epitype was designated by Ferreira et al. (2021): ‘ Brazil: Amazonas, Presidente Fiqueiredo, Iracema Falls, on Lantana camara, 28 Jun 2019, R. W. Barreto (VIC 47,338 – epitype designated here; epitype culture – COAD 2919, MBT 395235) ’. ITS barcode: MW 361943 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0970519.10 FU. Ex-type culture: COAD 2919.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFFE3FCCF66984EEA.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) placed Cb. lantanae-camarae as synonymous with Cb. cornigerum; however, molecular phylogenies recovered by Ferreira et al. (2021) placed accessions of Cb. lantanae-camarae in a distinct clade, separate to all sampled accessions identified as Cb. cornigerum. Ferreira et al. (2021) consequently reinstated Cb. lantanae-camarae at the species level and designated an epitype.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFFE3F96F63E64A0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Hab. On living leaves, branches and fruit of the cultivated fig, Ficus carica, Gainesville, Florida, U. S. A. ’ Roberts (1999) cites ‘ G. F. Weber 7850, FLAS’ as holotype. ITS barcode: DQ 279038 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0814404.10 FU. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301616 (R); LSU = KP 171642 (R); RPB 2 = DQ 301730 (R); TEF 1 = DQ 301677 (R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFFE3F96F63E64A0A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Thanatephorus microsclerotium is considered to represent Rhizoctonia AG- 1 - IB (Boidin et al. 1998, Roberts 1999, Gónzalez et al. 2001). While Roberts (1999) treated R. microsclerotia as synonymous with Th. cucumeris (the anamorph name for R. solani) molecular analyses by Boidin (1998), Gónzalez et al. (2001), and this study indicate that R. microsclerotia is genetically distinct from R. solani s. s. and that species-level recognition is warranted. Representative sequences for this taxon were selected from sequences available on GenBank generated from the CBS culture CBS 206.84 identified as R. AG- 1 - IB by Gónzalez et al. (2016).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFCA2FDCF62DC4D6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Australia, Queensland, Moura, from root rot of Arachis hypogaea (Fabaceae), Feb. 2004, J. R. Tatnell (holotype BRIP 44989 a permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state). ’ ITS barcode: PQ 061106 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFCA2FDCF62DC4D6A.taxon	discussion	Notes: A BLAST search of the type accession of R. myrtisiae found that it shares more than 99 % identity with a number of accessions identified as Rhizoctonia / Ceratobasidium AG-Fa in studies such as Gónzalez et al. (2016: GenBank DQ 279014 at 99.20 % identity), Sharon et al. (2008: e. g. GenBank AB 219144 at 99.52 %) and Muzhinji & Lekota (2024: e. g. GenBank JX 913819 at 99.08 %). Thus, R. myrtisiae should be considered the epithet associated with this AG group. See also comments under R. sapphoae.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF8AFCA2FAEF62244F6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Brazil, State of Piauí, Teresina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus da Universidade Federal do Piauí (42 ° 46 ‘ 57 “ W; 05 ° 02 ’ 45 “ S), in Eugenia uniflora, April 2015, Maruzanete Pereira de Melo (Holotype VIC 44275, Ex-type CML 3598). ’ ITS barcode: KU 175888 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0814308.10 FU. Ex-type culture: CML 3598.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF85FCA2F8EF637C4B4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ that portion of the type of Pellicularia Koleroga Cooke (K) represented by the hyphae giving rise to basidia and spores illustrated by Burt (in Ann. Missouri bot. Gdn 5: 124 f. Ia. 1918; 13: 293 f. Ia. 1926). ’ Roberts (1999) selected a lectotype: ‘ INDIA: Mysore, on living leaf of Coffea, 1875, ex herb, M. C. Cooke, ex herb. M. J. Berkeley, K (M) 29396, lectotype (!). ’ (Roberts, 1999). ITS barcode: EU 810056 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0987559.10 FU. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301584 (R); RPB 2 = DQ 301715 (R); TEF 1 = DQ 301653 (R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF8AFF85FCA2F8EF637C4B4A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Representative sequences listed here for R. noxia were generated from a culture isolated by the Indian phytopathologist M. J. Narasimhan (1891 – 1970) from black rot of a Coffea sp. from India (CBS 154.35). Ceresini et al. (2012) cite CBS 154.35 as the ‘ type strain’ for Cb. noxium, but we have been unable to locate any further literature which designates it as such. It does not appear to represent type material, but given the identical geographic location and host, we associate the culture with this name. Pellicularia koleroga was introduced for a fungus growing on leaves of Coffea with a gelatinous sporophore. Because some mycologists who examined authentic material of P. koleroga found a mixture of hyphae from one fungus (consistent with Ceratobasidium) with spores from another unrelated fungus, Donk (1954) considered the name P. koleroga to be a “ nomen confusum ” (and therefore to be rejected) and specified the portion of the original material with basidia as the type of his newly introduced name Koleroga noxia. The term “ nomen confusum ” was referred to in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature in editions up to the Amsterdam Rules of 1950 in connection with taxa whose “ characters were derived from two or more entirely discordant elements ”. In subsequent editions the term nomen confusum did not appear, but the provision about discordant elements was retained (such as in the Montreal Code of 1961). In such circumstances, a name could be rejected. However, Article 70, dealing with discordant elements, was deleted by the Leningrad Congress and does not appear in the 1978 Leningrad Code. Under the current Code, the interpretation of names is via types and a name cannot simply be rejected because the type material is thought to contain discordant elements. Rogers (1951) typified Pellicularia koleroga on the portion of the type specimen that gives rise to and includes the basidia, as illustrated by Burt (1918). Donk (1954) considered that if a typification was to be carried out (which he argued was not necessary) it should have been done by reference to the spores. The Coffea leaf among Cooke’s original material of Pellicularia koleroga, from which Burt prepared the illustration, appears not to have survived, with Roberts (1999) stating: “ A leaf-shaped stain was all that was left of what was possibly the specimen illustrated by Burt and noted as in unusable condition ” (p 50). Consequently, Roberts (1999) selected a lectotype for K. noxia from among other leaves of Coffea at K. However, these leaves are not strictly original material of Donk’s name, as the name was not a nomen novum, replacing Pellicularia koleroga, but a new name introduced because Donk considered P. koleroga to be illegitimate. Strictly speaking, K. noxia was typified only by the illustrated material and the lectotype chosen by Roberts (1999) and it is not Code - compliant. Typification of P. koleroga also remains to be settled in terms of whether or not to accept the choice of type by Rogers (1951). Thus, Pellicularia koleroga remains a potential earlier name for K. noxia (which is typified by material, at least in part, that is intimately related to original material of P. koleroga). Given that there is still usage of the “ koleroga ” epithet for the coffee web-blight, albeit under older generic names, such as in Corticium koleroga [for example by Gidisa et al. (2024)], should Pellicularia koleroga be shown to be an available name that must displace K. noxia, there is not necessarily a clear case for proposing conservation of K. noxia over P. koleroga. Re-examination of remaining original material at K is required, along with an analysis of the phytopathological literature on the prevalence of the competing names for the coffee disease caused by P. koleroga / Koleroga noxia, before finalising the nomenclature of the species. For the moment, we follow Roberts’ (1999) choice to take up the epithet “ noxia ” in his monograph of Rhizoctonia - forming fungi and make the necessary new combination in Rhizoctonia.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF85FF85FCADFC8F631D4DEA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ On lower side of a much rotted prostrate log of Ulmus sp., in woods along the Iowa River east of North Liberty, Iowa, June 11, 1934, D. P. R. 291, type. ’ Roberts (1999) cites ‘ D. P. Rogers 291, K (M) 53178 ’ as an isotype. ITS barcode: EU 218894 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0987497.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = KF 267087 (R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF85FF85FCADFC8F631D4DEA.taxon	discussion	Note: Representative sequences for R. obscura listed here were generated by Taylor & McCormick (2008) from a culture isolated from the orchid Amerorchis rotundifolia identified by Currah et al. (1987) as Cb. obscurum (UAMH 5443).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF85FF84FCADFA6F67C448AA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ (Pl. XLVII. f. 13.) (Type in Herb. Kew.) Spreading continuously over the inside of elm-bark which had become slightly separated from the wood of a prostrate trunk. England (Kew). ’ Roberts (1999) cites ‘ G. Massee, K’ as holotype, but notes that, according to Donk (1958), the specimen is missing.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF85FF84FCADFA6F67C448AA.taxon	discussion	Notes: The synonymy of Th. orchidicola, described from England from roots of Orchis mascula, follows Roberts (1999). Given that another of the species listed by Roberts (1999) under Thanatephorus ochraceus (i. e. Th. pennatus) appears to be distinct, it would be of interest to revisit the placement of Th. orchidicola by attempting to generate sequences from type material.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF84FFE3FEAF64874DEA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation. ‘ Holotypus: Herb. ADW No. 16596, J. H. Warcup (0808) ... Hosts: Sarcochilus dilatatus F. Muell., Toowoomba, Queensland (isolate 0808) ’. ITS barcode: AJ 427401 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a. Alternative markers: LSU = KF 267084 (T); RPB 2 = DQ 301724 (T). Ex-type culture: CBS 570.83.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF84FFE3FEAF64874DEA.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) considered Cb. papillatum as synonymous with Cb. cornigerum and stated that the type specimen was lost. However, an ex-type culture (CBS 570.83) is extant, and corresponds with Warcup’s original isolate number (0808). Sequences from this ex-type culture used in our analyses place Cb. papillatum in a different clade altogether to Cb. cornigerum and R. ramicola which it was previously considered synonymous with. Ceratobasidium papillatum is therefore treated here as a distinct species and transferred to Rhizoctonia. A sequence for the ATP 6 mitochondrial region from the ex-type culture of Cb. papillatum (CBS 570.83) has been deposited in GenBank (DQ 301593); however, when BLASTed, the only result returned is a single accession matching the original search query (i. e. itself). Additionally, this sequence was unable to be aligned confidently with any other ATP 6 sequences retrieved here. This sequence appears to be an aberration that cannot be matched with any other existing ATP 6 sequence on GenBank, and it is unlikely that it is representative of this taxon. For these reasons, we have excluded it from our analyses here and do not include it among sequenced markers listed above.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF84FFE2FA6F63E549AA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ TYPUS: cultura exsiccata “ UAMH 5405, ” ex radicis Calypso bulbosa, Albertiensis. ’ [‘ TYPE: dried culture “ UAMH 5405, ” from the roots of Calypso bulbosa, from Alberta. ’]. ITS barcode: EU 218892 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0814614.10 FU. Ex-type culture: ATCC 64683 (= UAMH 5405).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF84FFE2FA6F63E549AA.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) considered Thanatephorus pennatus a synonym of Th. ochraceus; however, the publicly-available ‘ type’ sequence attributed to Th. ochraceous by Taylor & McCormick (2008) was actually sequenced from the holotype of Th. pennatus. Coniophora ochracea (the basionym of Th. ochraceus) was described from decaying elm bark in England, while Th. pennatus was isolated from roots of the orchid Calypso bulbosa collected from Alberta, Canada. Donk (1958) and Roberts (1999) also note that the type specimen for Coniophora ochracea is apparently lost. Given the differences in type locality and host substrate between Th. pennatus and Th. ochraceus, along with the fact that the true type specimen for Th. ochraceus is lost, it would appear prudent to treat Th. pennatus and Th. ochraceus as separate from one another. Consequently, we have here chosen to resurrect the name Th. pennatus as Rhizoctonia pennata.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF84FCA2FDAF62FC4B4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ HOLOTYPE: Dried colony of UAMH 7790 (= Z 137 - or-c) on CMA, ex Platanthera praeclara, Tolstoi — Vita, Manitoba, isolated in 1991. ’	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF84FCA2FC8F62544F4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Type cultivated in the laboratory; obtained in Michigan. Saprophytic in soil and parasitic on Medicago sativa L. in cultivated fields, collected by J. E. Kotila, October, 1924. ’ ITS barcode: AY 154307 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0814616.10 FU. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301604; LSU = AF 354118 (R); RPB 2 = DQ 301736; TEF 1 = DQ 301668.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF84FCA2FC8F62544F4A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts’ (1999) treatment noted that Thanatephorus praticola represented Rhizoctonia AG- 4, while also considering Th. praticola as synonymous with Th. cucumeris (= R. solani). The results of Gónzalez et al. (2001), Gónzalez et al. (2016) and this study support Rhizoctonia AG- 4 as a lineage distinct from R. solani s. s. and for this reason we treat R. praticola as separate from R. solani. Representative sequences for this taxon were selected from sequences of Rhizoctonia AG- 4 generated by Gónzalez et al. (2001) and Gónzalez et al. (2016).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF84FF87FCA2F88F6701488A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Australia, New South Wales, Grafton, from root of Lolium sp. (Poaceae), 2 May 2014, S. M. Thompson (holotype BRIP 61490 b permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state). ’ ITS barcode: PQ 061107 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FF13FF4F67734A0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ MPC 251, on Fraxinus, Ermelunden, May 22, 1949 (type) ’. Roberts (1999) cites ‘ M. P. Christiansen 251, C’ as holotype.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FF13FDCF67E44D2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Australia, Queensland, Jimbour, from root lesion of Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae), 2019, P. Adhikari (holotype BRIP 73024 a permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state). ’ ITS barcode: PP 794648 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FF13FDCF67E44D2A.taxon	discussion	Notes: BLAST searches of the ITS type accession found that R. queenslandica is more than 97.8 % identical with some accessions identified as Ceratobasidium AG-B (o) as identified by Sharon et al. (2008: e. g. GenBank AB 219143 at 98.4 %). For this reason, R. queenslandica should be considered the epithet associated with this AG group. Note that according to Sharon et al. (2008) some isolates originally identified as AG-B (o), for example SIR- 2 (ITS sequence GenBank AF 354091) as included in Gónzalez et al. (2001), belong instead to other AG groups. SIR- 2 was placed in AG-A by Gónzalez et al. (2016).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FF13FA2F62844ACA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ On living twigs, petioles, and leaf blades of Elaeagnus pungens, Thun., Gainesville, Florida, U. S. A. Dried specimen deposited in the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Herbarium, number F- 41694. ’ ITS barcode: DQ 278931 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0814574.10 FU. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301577; RPB 2 = DQ 301708; TEF 1 = DQ 301646. Ex-type culture: CBS 133.82.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FF13FA2F62844ACA.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) considered R. ramicola to be synonymous with a broadly circumscribed Cb. cornigerum. No type has been designated for Cb. cornigerum; however, it was described from a locality in France from rotting stems of Helianthus tuberosus. In contrast, R. ramicola was described from living twigs, petioles, and leaf blades of Pittosporum tobira and Elaeagnus pungens in the United States. The ex-type sequence of R. ramicola used in this study is placed in the UNITE database as SH 0814574.10 FU, and sequences from this species hypothesis occur in the Americas, Indonesia, and several localities in Europe. With this considered, given the distinctions between R. ramicola and Cb. cornigerum in host plants, the differences in their pathology (leaf blight vs root rot), and the geographical distance between their type localities, it would be prudent at this stage to consider the two as distinct entities and we recognise them here as such with the resurrection of the name R. ramicola and the transfer of the name Cb. cornigerum to Rhizoctonia.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FCADFD0F62814C2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotypus: Ethiopia, provincia Shoa, Chilomo silva, Ginchu, ca. 2400 alt., leg. L. Ryvarden, 20.9.1992. In herbario O, LR 24060. ’ [‘ Holotype: Ethiopia, Shoa province, Chilomo forest, Ginchu, ca. 2400 alt., leg. L. Ryvarden, 20.9.1992. In herbarium O, LR 24060. ’]. Roberts (1999) cites ‘ L. Ryvarden 28060, K (M) ’ as an isotype.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FCADFB2F65EE406A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Auf Blättern von Calagrostis epigeios schon vor deren Entwicklung. ’ [‘ On leaves of Calagrostis epigeios before their development. ’]. ITS barcode: MH 859145 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0987670.10 FU. Alternative marker: LSU = MH 870857 (R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF87FF87FCADFB2F65EE406A.taxon	discussion	Notes: No type specimen has been designated for this taxon. Xu et al. (2010) used sequences from CBS cultures CBS 321.68, CBS 276.69, and CBS 126.13 identified as Sclerotium rhizodes to determine their phylogenetic placement. All three CBS-derived sequences were recovered in a clade closely related to sequences variously identified as Ceratobasidium and Rhizoctonia. Xu et al. (2010) then transferred S. rhizodes to Ceratorhiza with no neotype designated. The transfer of S. rhizodes to Ceratorhiza demonstrates that these cultures and sequences represent a contemporary concept of S. rhizodes / Cr. rhizodes and that transfer of this epithet to Rhizoctonia is justified based on this understanding. Sequences from CBS 321.68 were selected as representative sequences for our analysis.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FFE3FF2F67904C0A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: In honour of Dr Peter Roberts who worked extensively on the taxonomy of the Ceratobasidiaceae and other rhizoctonia-forming fungi.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FFE3FF2F67904C0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotypus: Herb. ADW No. 16598, J. H. Warcup (0708) ... Host: Prasophyllum macrostachyum R. Br. var. ringens (Reichb. f.) A. S. George, near Perth, Western Australia (two isolates). ’	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FFE3FF2F67904C0A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) previously considered this species to be conspecific with R. bicornis but considering the specificity of mycorrhizal associations in Prasophyllum (Warcup 1981, Burns-Balogh 1984, Freestone et al. 2021, 2022, O’Donnell et al. 2024) – the orchid genus from which this species was isolated and typified from – and the disjunct distribution of this species and the type of R. bicornis, we have chosen to resurrect this species. The name Ypsilonidium anomalum was published before Moniliopsis anomala However, we have chosen to retain the epithet anomala for the latter species (which we here formally transfer to Rhizoctonia) in order to retain continuity with the earlier invalid use of the binomial “ Rhizoctonia anomala ” by Burgeff (1936) which was the basis for the introduction of Moniliopsis anomala by Currah et al. (1990) (see notes for R. anomala).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FFE3FBCF62FF48AA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Australia, Queensland, Gatton, from stem rot of Trifolium repens (Fabaceae), 7 Jun. 1996, J. Mackie (holotype BRIP 27716 a permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state). ’ ITS barcode. PQ 061108 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FFE3FBCF62FF48AA.taxon	discussion	Notes: The ITS sequence from the type of Rhizoctonia sapphoae is 96.7 % similar to that of R. myrtisiae, which we equate with AG-Fa. No morphological information was provided with the description of R. sapphoae and it and R. myrtisiae were described on the basis of single collections. The accompanying phylogenetic tree (Tan & Shivas 2024) did not include any other closely related sequences, making it impossible to assess where the cut-off for species delimitation lies in this lineage. We note that the ITS sequence from the type of R. sapphoae also has high BLAST matches against sequences identified as AG-F in various studies, as for example the 98 – 100 % matches against sequences assigned to AG-F by Muzhinji & Lekota (2024: e. g. GenBank MK 442087 at 100 %), but specifically against AG-F when treated as a separate but sister clade to Ag-Fa. Combining subgroups of AG-F, Sharon et al. (2008), tabulated 90 – 100 % within group variation, indicating that further species-level taxa are likely to be found among isolates assigned to AG-F. A phylogenetic study of a wide range of isolates assigned to AG-F – including sequences from types of names such as R. sapphoae – would be instructive.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FCA2FEAF62984D4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ ēŝį 白Dz病菌 (Hypochnus Sasakii n. sp.) ’ [‘ Camphorinae white silk disease fungus (Hypochnus sasakii n. sp.) ’]. ITS barcode: AF 354060 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FCA2FEAF62984D4A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Roberts (1999) listed H. sasakii and A. pendulus under Thanatephorus cucumeris. BLAST results show that the ex-type sequence of Th. pendulus used in this study (GenBank KP 171634) is 99 – 100 % identical with accessions identified as Rhizoctonia AG- 1 - IA. Rhizoctonia AG- 1 - IA is considered to be Th. sasakii (Boidin et al. 1998; Roberts 1999; Gónzalez et al. 2001). Because the basionym for Th. sasakii (Hypochnus sasakii, 1906) predates the basionym for Th. pendulus (Aquathanatephorus pendulus, 1978), the epithet sasakii takes priority. A representative sequence for R. sasakii was selected from sequences of Rhizoctonia AG- 1 - IA generated by Gónzalez et al. (2001).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF86FCA2FA8F62B74E09.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ HOLOTYPUS: Colombia, Cundinamarcha, 6. VI. 1978, Ryvarden No. 15500 (GB) ’.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF81FCA2F9CF668D4CEA.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ TYPE: No type was designated and no specimens were available for study. Sawada’s illustration of H. setariae (1912) is therefore selected as a lectotype. ’, as designated by Gunnell & Webster (1987). The illustration is on p. (192) and shows basidia, spores, hyphae, and a section of a sclerotium. Note that the volume of Botanical Magazine, Tokyo where the protologue appears, volume 26, has two series of pages, one for text in English and one for text in Japanese, with the latter pages given in parentheses. ITS barcode: AF 354087 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: n / a. Alternative marker: LSU = AF 354087 (sequence contains both ITS and LSU regions - R).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF86FF81FCA2F9CF668D4CEA.taxon	discussion	Notes: A type specimen for H. setariae is not extant, and the original illustration by Sawada (1912) was designated as a lectotype by Gunnell & Webster (1987). Roberts (1999) considered Cb. setariae as synonymous with R. oryzae-sativae, and R. fumigata. Roberts’ treatment also noted that Cb. setariae and Cr. oryzae-sativae were considered to represent Rhizoctonia AG-Bb, while R. fumigata represented Rhizoctonia AG-Ba. Rhizoctonia AG-Ba and AG-Bb have previously been shown to be genetically distinct entities (Gónzalez et al. 2001), and this distinction is supported by the results of this study (Fig. 1). Rhizoctonia AG-Ba (R. fumigata) and Rhizoctonia AG-Bb (Cb. setariae / Cr. oryzae-sativae) should therefore be retained as separate taxa. As the epithet setariae precedes the publication of the epithet oryzae-sativae (1912 vs 1919), the epithet setariae takes priority. Sequences identified as Ceratobasidium AG-Bb by Gónzalez et al. 2001 are selected here as representative sequences.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF81FF81FF13FB6F63DD4F0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: The citation in the protologue is: ‘ Der von mir beobachtete Pilz ist ein, wie ich glaube, noch nicht beschriebene Gebilde, Rhizoctonia solani mihi … Man sieht der Pilz hier auf der Oberflache in Form einzelner, nicht sehr reich verzweigter, aber vielfach oft scharfeckig gebogener, dunkelbraunen Fäden, von Denen man bei verschiedener Einstellung nicht selten deutlich wahrnehmen kann, dass sie an ihren Ausgangspunkte aus der Rinde der Kartoffeln hervorkommen. ’ [‘ The fungus which I observed is one, which I believe, whose structures have not yet been described, is named by me Rhizoctonia solani … One observes the fungus on the surface in the individual form, not very richly branched, but often many sharply curved, dark brown threads, from which one can clearly observe from different angles, that they emerge from the rind of the potatoes. ’]. The name is conserved with a conserved type: ‘ Netherlands, Aug 1995, Boogaert ([dried culture ex] CBS No. 739.95 “ 239.95 ”) ’ (Typ. cons.). ITS barcode: MH 862557 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 0814567.10 FU. Ex-type culture: CBS 739.95.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF81FF81FF13FB6F63DD4F0A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Rhizoctonia solani is considered the asexual morph name of Th. cucumeris, and the two names are treated as synonymous (Stalpers et al. 2021). Andersen & Stalpers (1994) and Roberts (1999) include many further synonyms under R. solani, but this would have been under a morphological concept. Given the few morphological characters available for the asexual morph, all synonyms need to be re-examined in the light of the phylogenetic species delimitation adopted herein. Names which require re-examination of type material to ascertain placement under current phylogenetically-defined species include R. napae Westend. & Wallays, [as ‘ napaeae ’], R. betae Eidam., R. fusca Rostr., R. mucoroides G. E. Bernard, R. potomacensis Wollenw., R. grisea (J. A. Stev.) Matz, R. dimorpha Matz, R. ferruginea Matz, R. macrosclerotia Matz, R. melongenae Matz, R. gossypii var. anatolica Forsten., R. gossypii var. egyptiaca Forsten., R. gossypii Forsten. var. gossypii., R. aderholdii (Ruhland) Marchion., R. chousii Crand. & Arill., and Th. corchori C. C. Tu et al. In their proposal to conserve the names Rhizoctonia and R. solani, Stalpers et al. (1998) cite the CBS culture CBS 239.95 as a proposed conserved type. The culture CBS 239.95 is currently identified as Amoenomyces catenosporus. However, the entry for R. solani in Appendix III of the Shenzhen Code indicates that the accession number should be corrected to CBS 739.95 (Wiersema et al. 2018). Among the four major AG groups delimited by Boidin et al. (1998), the following set were placed under R. solani (as Th. cucumeris): AG- 2, AG- 3, AG- 5, AG- 6, AG- 8 and AG- BI. Among these, Andersen & Stalpers (1994) and Roberts (1999) considered that AG- 3 is “ associated ” with the names R. solani and Th. cucumeris. However, the ITS sequence generated from the conserved type culture for R. solani (CBS 739.95; GenBank MH 862557) is clustered with sequences of AG- 5 in this study (Fig. 3). Indeed, when BLASTed, the majority of close matches for this sequence are identified as AG- 5. While Stalpers et al. (1998) may have intended to use an isolate of AG- 3 to anchor the name R. solani, molecular data suggest that they may have instead selected an isolate of AG- 5. With this considered, AG- 5 should consequently be the AG name associated with the name R. solani. Careful examination of the types of the numerous un-assigned names in Rhizoctonia, in concert with generation of ex-type or reference sequences, is necessary to match up potential names to as yet un-named AG groups formerly placed under R. solani that can be shown to be phylogenetically distinct.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF81FF80FCADF8CF67D8498A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Typus: Herb. ADW. No. 16219, J. H. Warcup (0122) … Hosts: Pomatocalpa macphersonii (F. Muell.) T. E. Hunt, Coen, N. Queensland (I); Robiquetia wassellii Dockr., Coen, N. Queensland (I). ’ According to Roberts (1999) the type ‘ cannot now be found’. ITS barcode: DQ 278943 (T). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 1013385.10 FU. Alternative markers: ATP 6 = DQ 301594 (T); RPB 2 = DQ 301725 (T); TEF 1 = DQ 301658 (T). Ex-type culture: CBS 571.83.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FFE3FE4F64754C6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ AEstate, ad terram nudam, in sepibus; Saint-Priest-en-Murat. ’ [‘ Summer, on bare earth, in hedges; Saint-Priest-en-Murat. ’]. Roberts (1999) cites “ H. Bourdot 17697, PC ” as holotype.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FFE3FE4F64754C6A.taxon	discussion	Note: The synonymy of Th. langlei-regis with Corticium sterigmaticum follows Roberts (1999).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FFE3FBEF64044E0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Typus: Å. Strid. 10383 (herb. Strid and herb. Eriksson). Type locality: Sweden, Norrbotten, Råneå parish, Yttre Aborrviken, on bark of fallen Sorbus aucuparia, 3.9.1972, Å. Strid. ’ Roberts (1999) cites ‘ Å. Strid. 10383, S ” as ‘ holotype’, but because duplicates in both herb. Strid and herb. Eriksson were mentioned in the protologue, the type indication by Roberts (1999) should be corrected to a lectotypification, as allowed under Art. 9.10. The database of S (https: // herbarium. nrm. se / search / specimens /) gives the accession number of Å. Strid. 10383 as F 20002.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FFE3F9CF659A4B0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Hab. ad terram, augusto. ’ [‘ On soil, August. ’]. Roberts (1999) cites ‘ B. Eichler, S’ as holotype.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FFE3F9CF659A4B0A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Parker-Rhodes (1954) believed that R. terrigena (or Cb. terrigenum at the time) was best placed outside of Ceratobasidium based on morphological differences from the type of the name Ceratobasidium, Cb. calosporum. Consequently, Parker-Rhodes attempted to erect the genus Hydrabasidium to accommodate this taxon; however, due to a lack of description or diagnosis for this proposed genus name, the name is invalid (Art. 38.1) (Eriksson et al. 1978). Thus, the intended combination “ Hydrabasidium terrigenum (Bres.) Park. - Rhodes ” is also invalid (Art. 35.1). Eriksson et al. (1978) later validated the name Hydrabasidium as Hydrabasidium Parker-Rhodes ex Erikss. & Ryv., albeit with Hypochnus subviolaceus Peck designated as the type for this name [as Hydrabasidium subviolaceum (Peck) Erikss. & Ryv], without mention of Hydrabasidium terrigenum. Hydrabasidium subviolaceum was transferred to Scotomyces by Jülich (1979), making Hydrabasidium a synonym of Scotomyces. Notably, Hydrabasidium and Scotomyces share the exact same date of publication, December 28, 1978, and therefore the choice by Jülich (1979) to adopt Scotomyces over Hydrabasidium establishes the priority of the former name (Art. 11.5.).	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FCA2FCCF622E4E4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ Holotype. – Herb. ADW 16221, P. J. Keane, on Theobroma cacao, Keravat, New Guinea. ’ ITS barcode: HQ 424253 (R). UNITE 1.5 % SH: SH 1006168.10 FU.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FCA2FCCF622E4E4A.taxon	discussion	Notes: The ITS and LSU sequences identified as Cb. theobromae from pure cultures generated by Samuels et al. (2012) (including Keane – one of the authors of the basionym Oncobasidium theobromae) were selected as representative sequences for our analyses.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
03A69C14FF80FF80FCA2F98F65DF4F0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type citation: ‘ BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul, Vale dos Vinhedos – entrance of Santa Tereza, living leaves of Tradescantia fluminensis Vell, 23 Apr. 2004, O. L. Pereira, HOLOTYPE: VIC 31342 ’.	en	O’Donnell, R. P., Linde, C. C., May, T. W. (2025): Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54 (1): 285-325, DOI: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09, URL: https://doi.org/10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09
