taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A687A6600FFFFAFF00FF3BFDFAF899.taxon	description	8 Oct. 2025 ISBN 978 - 1 - 77973 - 479 - 2 (paperback) ISBN 978 - 1 - 77973 - 480 - 8 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2025 BY Magnolia Press P. O. Box 41 - 383 Auckland 1041 New Zealand e-mail: magnolia @ mapress. com https: // www. mapress. com / zt © 2025 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175 - 5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175 - 5334 (Online edition)	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66009FFFCFF00FB06FEA8F83A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Nerita vittata Gmelin, 1791; subsequent designation by Hedley (1916: 51). Present-day, west Africa to western Mediterranean Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66009FFFCFF00FB06FEA8F83A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The distinctive characters of Cochlis were outlined by Pedriali & Robba (2005) and are refined herein as follows: 1) protoconch low-turbiniform of 1.25 – 3.5 smooth whorls, protoconch I with spiral rows of granules in a few species, 2) teleoconch thin to solid, globose to depressed-globose, body whorl moderately expanded, 3) spire rather depressed to moderately elevated, 4) suture adpressed to channeled, 5) parietal callus thin to thick, short in most species, with poorly developed to indistinct anterior lobe, 6) umbilicus rather small to large, 7) funicle present, thread-like to thick, completely filling the umbilicus in a few species, 8) umbilical callus small to broad, separated from the parietal callus by a reverse J-shaped notch in most species, and 9) outer surface of the operculum with two or three marginal ribs. As already noted by Pedriali & Robba (2005), the characters of the parietal callus, of the umbilicus, and of the operculum combined constitute the primary diagnostic elements of Cochlis. The species belonging in the genus Natica are distinguished from those of Cochlis in that they have: 1) the anterior lobe of the parietal callus well developed, obscuring the adapical part of the umbilicus to a variable extent, 2) the funicle absent or vestigial, and 3) the umbilical callus absent to weak. The presence of a well-defined funicle (regardless of its strength) distinguishes Cochlis from Natica. The species of the genus Naticarius Duméril, 1806 have the teleoconch similar to that of Cochlis, but their opercula have the outer surface with many ribs instead of two or three.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66006FFF2FF00FF3BFCD8FF43.taxon	description	Figs 3 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66006FFF2FF00FF3BFCD8FF43.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: M 277, Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary, Budapest, SL: 18.5 mm, MD: 17.5 mm, Herend (Hungary), illustrated in Kókay (1966: pl. 7, fig. 10), Figs 3 A 1 – A 4. Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0229 / 0001, SL: 28.8 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 3 B 1 – B 4. Revised description. Medium sized, globose, robust shell of ~ 4.5 teleoconch whorls; as high as wide (SL / MD = 1.0). Protoconch unknown. Spire moderately elevated, gradate; apical angle 115 – 130 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, flat subsutural shelf delimited by very prominent shoulder. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~ 95 % of total height, weakly convex below shoulder and at periphery. Periphery placed just below mid-whorl (~ 47 %). Base weakly convex, nearly conical. Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and subobsolete at periphery. Aperture wide D-shaped, prosocline. Adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 85 %), slightly above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining 78 % of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip reinforced, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle 24 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak. Umbilicus wide (~ 20 %), deep, funnel-shaped with moderately prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 58 %), slightly thickened, not expanding over base, with weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus subcircular, weakly expanding, relatively narrow. Funicle very weak, moderately narrow, delimited by narrow, concave abapical sulcus, terminating in indistinct, narrow callus fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole very prominent, thickened, sharply angled, forming distinct ridge. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum smooth with two marginal ridges, separated by narrower grooves; inner ridge slightly broader (illustrated in Kókay 1966: pl. 7, fig. 12).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66006FFF2FF00FF3BFCD8FF43.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This is a very characteristic species due to its prominent subsutural shelf, marked shoulder, conical base, funnel-shaped umbilicus and sharply angled basal fasciole. Cochlis baconica (Kókay, 1966) is superficially reminiscent of the Pliocene Mediterranean Euspira magnesi Pedriali & Robba, 2001, which differs in its low spire, lower last whorl, ovate aperture, and lacks a funicle (Pedriali & Robba 2001: pl. 1, figs 1 – 3; Pedriali & Robba 2009: pl. 1, fig. 20). Cochlis paragigantica nov. sp. might be a closely related species but differs in its much larger size at same growth stage, lacks the broad subsutural shelf, has a narrower umbilicus and weaker basal fasciole. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66006FFF2FF00FF3BFCD8FF43.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Herend (Hungary) (Kókay 1966). Styrian Basin: Weitendorf (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	description	Figs 2 A, 4 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2024 / 0230 / 0001, SL: 24.7 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 2 A, 4 B 1 – B 4. Paratypes: NHMW 2024 / 0230 / 0002, SL: 27.4 mm, MD: 25.4 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 4 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2024 / 0230 / 0003, SL: 22.7 mm, MD: 23.8 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 4 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0230 / 0004, SL: 23.3 mm, MD: 24.2 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 4 D 1 – D 4. Additional paratypes. 33 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0230 / 0005, Várpalota (Hungary), 13 spec., NHMW 1997 z 0178 / 2034, Várpalota (Hungary). Type locality. Várpalota (Hungary), Pannonian Basin. Type stratum. Sand of the Öskü Member of the Lajta Formation (Kókay 2013). Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Cuniculus, Latin for tunnel, referring to the deep and open umbilicus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, globose shell with moderately low spire, narrow subsutural shelf, thin columellar lip and weakly expanding last whorl, umbilicus wide, open with faint, low, very broad funicle.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, glossy, globose shell of 4.5 teleoconch whorls; about as wide as high (SL / MD = 1.1 – 1.0). Spire moderately low with convex whorls; apical angle 113 – 125 °. Protoconch low turbiniform, of ~ 2 smooth, convex whorls; transition into teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, moderately inflated, attaining ~ 90 – 92 % of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~ 47 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, insignificant at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 87 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 80 % of total height. Columellar lip thin, narrow, weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 21 – 29 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip indistinct. Umbilicus wide (~ 45 %), deep, with delicate growth lines. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 41 %), slightly thickened, lacking significant anterior lobe. Central funicle very low and broad, poorly developed, occasionally adjoined abapically by faint spiral ridge. Umbilicus with slightly more prominent growth lines. Basal fasciole weak, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern not preserved in available material. Dense pattern of small dots according to Strausz (1954: pl. 6, fig. 133 b). Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is the most common Naticidae at Várpalota but has been confused with the northeastern Atlantic, Early Miocene Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825), from which it differs clearly in its much wider, open umbilicus with subobsolete funiculus. Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. is reminiscent of Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830), concerning the wide umbilicus and weak funicle. They differ in the more expanding last whorl of C. eximia and its prominent parietal callus with weak anterior lobe. Morphotypes of Cochlis eximia, described as Cochlis odovychenorum by Pedriali et al. (2019), from the late Badenian of the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin, differ in their distinct anterior lobe of the parietal callus and the more prominent funicle. Paleoenvironment. Agitated sandy, coastal environments (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	description	Figs 2 B, 5 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0785 a, SL: 46.1 mm, MD: 47.1 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 1), Figs 5 B 1 – B 4. Paratypes: NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0785 b, SL: 41.3 mm, MD: 41.9 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 2 B, 5 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0785 c (A 860), SL: 38.7 mm, MD: 42.3 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 5 1 – C 4. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0785 d (A 860), SL: 39.4 mm, MD: 42.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 5 D 1 – D 4. Additional paratypes: 3 spec., NHMW 1857 / 0028 / 0039, Grund (Austria). Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of the Italian paleontologist Antonio De Gregorio (1855 – 1930).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large, robust, globose shell with low conical spire, narrow subsutural shelf, moderately expanding last whorl, wide and deep umbilicus with broad, low, poorly delimited funicle; umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe of thickened parietal callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	description	Description. Large, robust, globose shell of ~ 3.5 teleoconch whorls (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Protoconch poorly preserved, of> 1.5 convex whorls. Spire low conical; apical angle 120 – 130 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, becoming weakly concave close to aperture. Shoulder angulation faint or subobsolete. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~ 93 – 95 % of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~ 48 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 82 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 76 – 78 % of total height. Columellar lip moderately broad, strongly reinforced; basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 25 – 28 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip subobsolete. Umbilicus wide (~ 18 %), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 59 %), adapically strongly thickened, with concave margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus moderately thick, narrowly semicircular. Funicle prominent, very broad, depressed, not sharply delimited. Adapical sulcus deeply concave; abapical sulcus weakly concave. Umbilical callus semicircular, fused with anterior lobe of parietal callus, both separated by shallow concavity. Basal fasciole weak, rounded or faintly angled. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was lumped by Hörnes (1856) and in the collection of the NHMW with specimens of a species later described by Pedriali et al. (2019) as Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019. Both species are very similar in general shape but differ in the much larger size of Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. and in its broader, lower and less delimited funicle. Moreover, the parietal and umbilical calluses are fused in C. degregorioi but separate in C. ukrainensis. Cochlis sallomacensis (Tournouër, 1873), from the Langhian and Serravallian of France, differs in its more expanding last whorl, even wider umbilicus and the comparatively narrower funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 7, 9 – 10). The specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 1) was discussed by De Gregorio (1885: 88) as being very close to his Natica altavillensis De Gregorio, 1885 from the Pliocene of Italy. The Italian species was not illustrated by De Gregorio (1885) and was not mentioned by Pedriali & Robba (2005, 2008 a). Therefore, its relation to C. degregorioi remains enigmatic. Cochlis degregorioi was confused by Hörnes (1856) with the extant Mediterranean Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 [= Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)], which differs in its narrow, raised funicle, which is situated in a more abapical position and in its prominent basal fasciole. Paleoecology. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation and color of the fossil shells suggest that Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. belonged to the allochthonous shallow-water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.taxon	description	Figs 6 – 8 * N [atica]. eximia m. — Eichwald 1830: 218.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SPSU 3 / 459, SL: 33 mm, MD: 34.5 mm, Zalistsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 6 A 1 – A 4. Paralectotypes: SPSU 3 / 455, SL: 24.2 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 6 B 1 – B 4. SPSU 3 / 457, Staryi Pochaiv (Ukraine), late Badenian. SPSU 3 / 461, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian. SPSU 3 / 463, three juvenile shells, Tarnoruda (Ukraine), late Badenian. SPSU 3 / 462, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian (determination of this specimen is not clear, due to the poor preservation). Syntypes of Natica eximia Eichwald, 1830, referring to other species: SPSU 3 / 458, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 30.6 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian (Figs 32 D 1 – D 4) to Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923) and SPSU 3 / 461, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian, to Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019. The operculum SPSU 3 / 456 from Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), probably illustrated by Eichwald (1852), is a further syntype and is treated herein as? Cochlis sp., Figs 8 C 1 – C 2. Illustrated material. MPUM 11725, SL: 40.1 mm, MD: 42.5 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), holotype of Cochlis odovychenorum Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: fig. 23.1), Figs 7 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 118, SL: 38 mm, MD: 37.6 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 6 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 119, SL: 33.5 mm, MD: 32.9 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 6 C 1 – C 4. 5904 / 120, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 8 D. NHMW 2024 / 0231 / 0002, SL: 39.0 mm, MD: 38.0 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 8 A 1 – A 2. Private collection Franz Jiranek, SL: 36.5 mm, MD: 38.5 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 8 B 1 – B 5. PIN 4450 / 136, SL: 23.8 mm, MD: 22.8 mm, Privol’nyi, Stavropol Krai, Russia, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 7 A 1 – A 4. PIN 4450 / 137, SL: 19.3 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, Privol’nyi, Russia, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 7 B 1 – B 4. PIN 4450 / 138, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, well Molakuduk, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 7 C 1 – C 4. Revised description. Large, robust, globose shell of ~ 3.5 teleoconch whorls; varying from slightly wider than high to slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1). Protoconch poorly preserved, of about 1.3 smooth, convex whorls. Spire depressed conical to weakly elevated, low turbiniform; apical angle 108 – 140 °. Suture linear, adpressed to weakly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, becoming wider and weakly concave close to aperture. Shoulder angulation subobsolete. Last whorl strongly expanding, strongly convex, attaining ~ 93 – 95 % of total height. Periphery placed just below mid-whorl (~ 45 %). Growth lines prominent and weakly prosocyrt in apical view close to adapical suture; delicate, moderately prosocline at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 76 – 85 % of total height. Columellar lip moderately broad, strongly reinforced; basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 16 – 32 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 14 – 18 %), relatively shallow with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 45 – 52 %), thickened, commonly with concave margin, rarely with straight margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thin, trigonal. Funicle broad and low, with concave abapical sulcus, delimited by broad spiral swelling. Funicle terminating in abapical third of columellar lip in variable narrowed elongate triangular umbilical callus, adapically fused via broad callus with anterior lobe of parietal callus. Prominent basal fasciole, weakly angled. Color pattern variable: late Badenian lectotype from Ukraine with uniformly pale brownish surface (as); Konkian shells from Privol’nyi and Agara with spirally elongated blotches; middle Badenian specimens from Styrian Basin with very large, spirally elongated, close-set dark blotches, with sharply defined adapertural margin, fading in abapertural direction, causing broad, brushstroke like pattern. Blotches roughly spirally arranged. Operculum moderately thick. Inner margin straight, with obscure transverse wrinkles; tubercles present in a few specimens. Inner surface flatly convex, nucleus scarcely protruding. Outer surface slightly concave at level of nucleus; central callus prominent to flat, tongue shaped, not reaching half-height of operculum. Marginal area gently sloping inward, with 2 marginal grooves and 2 ridges. Outer groove narrow, inner groove a deeper and wider asymmetrical depression. Outer ridge thin, sharp; inner ridge massive, round to flat-topped, markedly wider than outer one (Pedriali et al. 2019: 164).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.taxon	description	Paratethyan synonyms. Natica (Polynices) staszici var. revoluta Friedberg, 1923 was based on several syntypes, which were partly illustrated by Friedberg (1923). Friedberg (1923) emphasized the wide and open umbilicus and the somewhat evolute appearance of the whorls. Herein, we designate the specimen illustrated in Friedberg (1923: pl. 26, fig. 10), from Oles’ko (Ukraine), as lectotype. As we consider this specimen to be conspecific with Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830), Cochlis revoluta becomes a subjective junior synonym of Cochlis eximia. Robba et al. (2016: 199) suggested a placement of Natica (Polynices) staszici var. revoluta Friedberg, 1923 in Euspira, which is rejected herein. Natica (Nacca) tigrina sartaganica Zhgenti, 1981, from the Konkian of Georgia, and Cochlis odovychenorum Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019 are subjective junior synonyms of Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830) is one of the most common and most widespread naticid species in the Fore-Carpathian Basin during the late Badenian. It is characterized by its wide variability expressed in variations of callosity of the inner lip and shell proportions. The shell is typically as high as wide, but shells being slightly wider than high or higher than wide also occur. The variability of the callosity of the inner lip is expressed by the width of the columellar callus and the thickness of the parietal callus. Specimens with thin parietal callus, forming a concave rim and a narrow columellar callus represent the most common morph, to which the lectotype belongs. Shells with more constricted columellar callus, making the funicle more visible, also occur (e. g., paralectotype 3 / 455). Specimens with thickened parietal callus that forms a straight rim and broad, slightly abapically narrowed columellar callus occur as well. Shells with expanded callosity may rarely co-occur with typical shells. Cochlis eximia with expanded callosity are reminiscent of Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923) with strongly constricted callosity, especially when they co-occur. Such specimens differ in their triangle-like, abapically narrowed columellar callus, sometimes with lobe-like margin in contrast to the roundly curved columellar callus with even rim, which gradually sinks into the umbilicus in P. staszici. Konkian specimens from the Eastern Paratethys differ in their smaller size and the slightly narrower umbilicus. These specimens might represent a dwarfed population of C. eximia or a closely related Eastern Paratethyan species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.taxon	description	Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: Weitendorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szob, Várpalota (Hungary) (Strausz 1966);? Dacian Basin: Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Gryts’kiv, Lisogirka, Stara Pisochna, Tarnoruda, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Oles’ko, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region), Mala Bilka, Rydomyl’, Shushkivtsi, Staryi Pochaiv, Velyka Bilka, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zalistsi, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region) (Ukraine) (Eichwald 1853; Friedberg 1923; hoc opus); Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (hoc opus). Eastern Paratethys. Late Konkian (Late Miocene): Ciscaucasia: ravines Chumnaya and Slesareva Levada (Adygea), Privol’nyi (= so named Mount Dubrovaya) (Stavropol Krai, Russia) (Iljina 1993, hoc opus); Transcaucasia: Agara (Georgia) (Zhgenti 1981); Central Pontide Foreland Basin: Sinop region (Turkey) (Ilgar 2015); Transcaspian Region: ravine Kiyandy, well Molakuduk (Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	description	Figs 9 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: GBA 1912 / 004 / 16 / 1, SL: 28.6 mm, MD: 29.1 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 5), Figs 9 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: GBA 1912 / 004 / 16 / 2, SL: 26.1 mm, MD: 26.5 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 6), Figs 9 B 1 – B 4. GBA 1912 / 004 / 16 / 3, SL: 22.6 mm, MD: 24.2 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 7), Figs 9 C 1 – C 4. Type locality. Mörtersdorf (Austria), northeastern North Alpine Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Sand of the Loibersdorf Formation (Mandic et al. 2004). Age. Early Miocene, early Eggenburgian (Burdigalian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Holger Gebhardt, paleontologist at the GeoSphere Austria, in recognition of his contributions to micropaleontology and stratigraphy.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, depressed-globose shell with moderately low spire, narrow subsutural shelf and strongly expanding last whorl, umbilicus very wide, open with very broad, very low, poorly delimited funicle.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, depressed globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; slightly wider than high (SL / MD = 0.0 – 1.0). Spire moderately low with convex whorls; apical angle 116 – 127 °. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, narrow, slightly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl strongly expanding and dorsoventrally depressed, inflated, attaining ~ 92 – 95 % of total height. Periphery placed below mid-whorl (~ 44 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 84 %) above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 80 % of total height. Columellar lip narrow, weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 12 – 27 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip unknown. Umbilicus wide (~ 20 %), deep, with prominent, blunt growth lines. Parietal callus short (~ 37 %), thickened, rectangular with straight margin. Anterior lobe insignificant. Funicle very low, very broad, poorly defined. Adapical and abapical sulci broad and shallow; abapical sulcus delimited by broad, low spiral ridge. Umbilical callus weak, low to insignificant, well separated from parietal callus. Basal fasciole broad, rounded to weakly angled at aperture, with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cochlis gebhardti nov. sp. co-occurs with the morphologically similar Cochlis transgrediens (Schaffer, 1912), from which it differs in its much wider umbilicus, more expanding last whorl and the well-separated umbilical and parietal calluses, which are fused in C. transgrediens. Cochlis sallomacensis (Tournouër, 1873), from the Early Miocene of France and Italy, has a narrower and better defined funicle (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 7 – 10). Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825), from the Early Miocene of France and Italy, has a much narrower umbilical channel and a less expanding last whorl (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 1 – 5). Cochlis depressofuniculata (Sacco, 1891), from the Late Miocene of Italy, is reminiscent of Cochlis gebhardti nov. sp. in shell profile but differs in the slightly narrower umbilicus and more raised and narrower funicle (Pedriali & Robba 2005: pl. 1, 1 – 8). The Middle Miocene Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. has an even weaker funicle and a less expanding last whorl. Paleoenvironment. Sandy, coastal environments (Mandic et al. 2004).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Loibersdorf, Mörtersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601FFFE9FF00FA0AFED9F857.taxon	description	Figs 9 D 1 – D 4	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601FFFE9FF00FA0AFED9F857.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 249), SFM 366940 (= XII 2346 a), SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 6.6 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 14, fig. 68), Figs 9 D 1 – D 4. Revised description. Very small, very solid, globose shell of about 3.5 teleoconch whorls; nearly as wide as high (SL / MD = ~ 1.0 – 1.1). Spire low conical, with convex whorls; apical angle 125 °. Protoconch of ~ 1.75 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, narrow, incised. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining 95 % of total height. Periphery regularly convex, placed mid-whorl (~ 50 %). Growth lines very prominent, regularly spaced, and weakly prosocyrt in apical view close to adapical suture, rapidly weakening towards periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), distinctly above mid-whorl, slightly below shoulder. Aperture attaining 80 % of total height. Columellar lip reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded into short spout, outer lip thick. Columellar angle ~ 25 °. Opercular ridge not developed. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 12 %), deep, with moderate growth lines. Parietal callus very long (~ 70 %), moderately narrow, thickened with slight adapical swelling, with concave margin. Anterior lobe thin, fused with narrow umbilical callus. Insignificant funicle. Abapical sulcus narrow, abapically delimited by faint spiral ridge. Basal fasciole solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern of large, close set blotches, intense under UV light. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601FFFE9FF00FA0AFED9F857.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is poorly understood. It is peculiar in showing features of fully adult growth (thick shell, thickened outer lip, spout-like basal lip, thickened columellar callus) at a very small size for the genus. However, more would be necessary to understand the intraspecific variability: it is possible that this species was based on a dwarfed specimen. Cochlis micromillepunctata nov. sp. is thinner shelled and has a prominent, cord-like funicle. Cochlis neoobscura nov. sp. has comparable umbilical features but is much larger at same growth stage and lacks the prominent growth lines. More material will be needed to better characterize this species. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601FFFE9FF00FA0AFED9F857.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger, 1902).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	description	Figs 2 C, 10 A – D, 11 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0444 a, SL: 17.6 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 2), Figs 10 B 1 – B 4, 11 B 1 – B 2. Paratypes: NHMW 2024 / 0233 / 0001, SL: 16.6 mm, MD: 17.4 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 10 A 1 – A 4, Figs 13 E. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0444 b, SL: 18.2 mm, MD: 17.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 10 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0444 c, SL: 17.7 mm, MD: 17.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 10 D 1 – D 4. MNHN A 31070, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Caze et al. (2014: fig. 5 B), Figs 11 A 1 – A 2. NHMW A 1267, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 18.2 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 11 C 1 – C 3. NHMW A 1267, SL: 15.3 mm, MD: 14.6 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 11 D; NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0444 a, SL: 18.1 mm, MD: 17.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Fig. 2 C. Additional paratypes. 9 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0234 / 0001 (A 1267), Baden-Sooss (Austria); 40 sp., NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0234, Baden (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0051 / 0035, Perchtoldsdorf (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0847, Grinzing (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0045 / 0135, Marz (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1858 / 0015 / 0200, Rousínov (Czech Republic); 6 spec., NHMW 1865 / 0015 / 0123, Lysice (Czech Republic).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Micro-, Latin for small, and millepunctata, referring to the species, with which this species was confused.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, globose shell with low spire, very prominent growth lines on subsutural shelf, regularly convex last whorl, deep, wide umbilicus with narrow, cord-like funicle in lower third of umbilicus; color pattern of small, regularly spaced, circular dots.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	description	Description. Small, globose shell of about 3.5 teleoconch whorls; nearly as wide as high (SL / MD = ~ 1). Spire low conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 115 – 135 °. Protoconch of ~ 1.75 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, narrow but distinctly incised. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly concave subsutural shelf close to aperture, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl rapidly expanding, inflated, attaining ~ 92 – 95 % of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~ 48 %), regularly convex. Growth lines very prominent, close-set, somewhat irregular in strength and spacing, and weakly prosocyrt in apical view close to adapical suture, rapidly weakening towards periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), distinctly above mid-whorl, slightly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 80 % of total height. Columellar lip narrow, only weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 25 – 30 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 15 %), deep, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 47 %), narrow, thickened with slight adapical swelling, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe indistinct. Prominent, narrow, cord-like funicle, situated in lower third of umbilicus, terminating in small, semicircular umbilical callus. Adapical sulcus broad, weakly concave; abapical sulcus narrow, abapically delimited by weak spiral ridge. Basal fasciole solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern of small to medium sized, regularly spaced, circular, dark dots on light background.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its relatively small size compared to its Paratethyan congeners. It is reminiscent of Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019 in profile but differs in its much smaller size, attaining only about half the size at same growth stage. In addition, it differs in its prominent growth lines close to the adapical suture and the narrower funicle. Moreover, Cochlis micromillepunctata nov. sp. is only found in deep water environments, whereas C. ukrainensis occurs in shallow marine deposits, indicating an ecological separation of both coeval species. Cochlis sp. 2 of Landau et al. (2013: pl. 11, figs 2 a – 2 c, pl. 79, figs 5 a – 5 b), from the Serravallian of Turkey, is comparable in outline and has a similar color pattern but differs in its much larger size and the funicle being in a more abapical position. The color pattern in C. micromillepunctata nov. sp. is typically composed of numerous, medium sized, close-set dots but specimens with fewer very large dots may also occur (e. g., Bałuk 2006: pl. 3, fig. 6). Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1885); Roztocze Hills: Łychów (Poland) (Krach 1981); Carpathian Foreland Basin: Lysice, Rousínov (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden-Sooss, Baden, Perchtoldsdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Marz (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szokolya (Hungary) (Báldi 1960); s outhern Pannonian Basin: Zaprešić Brijeg (Croatia) (Bošnjak et al. 2021), Miljevići, Hrvaćani, Reljevac, Jazovac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Caze et al. 2014); Southern Carpathians: Crivineni-Patârlagele (Romania) (Ionesi & Nicorici 1994); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi (Romania) (Stancu & Andreescu 1968); Mehadia Basin: Valea Calvei, Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Urovene, Staropatitsa (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960; Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.taxon	description	Figs 12 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype, ETH Zürich (Switzerland), SL: 23 mm, MD: 21 mm, ‘ environs de Bordeaux’ (France), Aquitanian, Early Miocene, illustrated in Mayer (1859: pl. 11, fig. 2), Illustrated material. Lectotype of Natica epiglottina moldensis Schaffer, 1912 (designated herein): GBA 1912 / 004 / 15 / 1, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 1), Figs 12 A 1 – A 4. Paralectotypes: GBA 1912 / 004 / 15 / 1, SL: 18.3 mm, MD: 16.6 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 2), Figs 12 B 1 – B 4. GBA 1912 / 004 / 15 / 1, SL: 15.6 mm, MD: 14.4 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 3), Figs 12 C 1 – C 4. GBA 1912 / 004 / 15 / 1, SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 15.8 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 4), Figs 12 D 1 – D 4. Revised description. Medium sized, solid, elongate-ovate shell; higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Spire high conical, of convex whorls; apical angle 95 – 100 °. Protoconch poorly preserved. Suture linear, adpressed. Last teleoconch whorl high, ovate, with steep, indistinct subsutural ramp, delimited by indistinct, rounded shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, not inflated, attaining ~ 90 % of total height. Periphery placed below mid-whorl (~ 45 %), regularly convex. Growth lines distinct and prosocyrt in apical view, delicate and prosocyrt at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped, with maximum diameter in abapical third. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 76 %), far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 78 – 80 % of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 26 – 32 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip forming broad, low swelling. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 16 %), deep, partly filled by funicle. Parietal callus long (~ 51 %), thickened, not expanding over base with straight to weakly concave margin. Small, semicircular anterior lobe. Funicle prominent, cord- to pillar-like, narrow, separated from umbilical wall by broad umbilical channel. Small but prominent semicircular umbilical callus slightly at or slightly below middle of columellar lip well separated from anterior lobe. Basal fasciole rounded to weakly angled at aperture. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown from Paratethyan occurrences (see Robba et al. 2016: 131 for description of operculum and protoconch).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.taxon	description	Paratethyan synonyms. Natica epiglottina moldensis Schaffer, 1912 cannot be distinguished from Cochlis neglecta and therefore, is treated as subjective junior synonym of Natica neglecta Mayer, 1858. Most probably, Schaffer (1912) was not aware of the paper by Mayer (1858).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cochlis degrangei (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1919), from the Early Miocene of France and Italy, is comparable in outline and umbilical features, but differs from Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) in its much larger umbilical callus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 3 – 4). The Eocene Cochlis epiglottina (Lamarck, 1804), with which this species was compared by Schaffer (1912), differs in its lower spire, larger umbilical callus and wider umbilical channel (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 1, fig. 13 a, pl. 2, figs 1 – 2). Cochlis infelix (Sacco, 1890), from the Rupelian of Sassello (Italy), might be a closely related species, but differs in its gradate spire (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 6). A specimen from the Karpatian of Várpalota (Hungary), illustrated by Steininger (1973: pl. 4, fig. 12) as Natica epiglottina moldensis, differs in its larger umbilical callus and broader funiculus and represents another Cochlis species. A specimen from the Ottnangian of Hungary, described by Kovács et al. (2023) might represent Cochlis neglecta but the preservation does not allow a clear identification. Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, lagoonal in vicinity of mudflats and oyster reefs (Mandic et al. 2004).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Kaltenbachgraben (Germany) (Hölzl 1958); Eggenburg, Maria Dreieichen, Mörtersdorf, Mold, Nonndorf (Austria) (Steininger et al. 1971).? Ottnangian (Early Miocene): Early Miocene North Hungarian Basin: Parádfürdö (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2023). North Sea. North Sea Basin: Burdigalian / Langhian (Early / Middle Miocene): Winterswijk Miste (the Netherlands) (Janssen 1984) Dingden, Kevelaer, Werder (Germany) (Janssen 1969; Moths et al. 2016). Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian – Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: (France): La Houga, Léognan, Lucbardez-et-Bargues, Mérignac, Saint-Martin-d’Oney, Saucats, Villandraut (France) (Cossmann & Peyrot 1919; Robba et al. 2016).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.taxon	description	Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Calle Ceppi, Val Sanfrà (Italy); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Monte dei Cappuccini (Italy); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Borelli, Montegibbio, Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Sant’Agata Fossili (Italy) (Robba et al. 2016).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	description	Figs 2 D, 13 A – D, 14 A	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0967 a, SL: 32.7 mm, MD: 33.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2 D, 13 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0967 b, SL: 27.3 mm, MD: 27.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 13 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0235 / 0001, SL: 28.1 mm, MD: 27.4 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 13 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2007 z 0088 / 0015 a, SL: 25.2 mm, MD: 26.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 13 D 1 – D 4. NHMW 2007 z 0088 / 0015 b, SL: 30.8 mm, MD: 28.7 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 14 A 1 – A 3. Additional paratypes. NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0588, SL: 39.1 mm, MD: 40.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Combination of neo - for Neogene and obscurus, Latin for unclear, dark; referring to the obscure status of this species in the literature.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, globose shell with depressed spire, moderately expanding last whorl and moderately narrow umbilicus, half covered by shield-like umbilical callus fused to anterior lobe of parietal callus and moderately low funicle, strongly thickened basal lip, color pattern of large subcircular blotches with intense margins.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; only weakly wider than high (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Spire depressed conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 128 – 135 °. Protoconch poorly preserved of ~ 2.5 smooth, convex whorls; transition into teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, narrow but distinctly incised. Last spire whorl with weakly concave subsutural shelf close to aperture, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, inflated, attaining ~ 95 % of total height. Periphery placed below mid-whorl (~ 42 %), regularly convex. Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weaker to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), distinctly above mid-whorl, slightly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 85 % of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded and further thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 12 – 16 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 11 %), moderately deep, with weak growth lines, half-covered by umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~ 74 %), strongly thickened with prominent adapical swelling and thin, widely expanding, subtrigonal anterior lobe. Margin of parietal callus strongly concave. Funicle low, terminating in prominent callus fused with anterior lobe of parietal callus, together forming shield like umbilical callus. Occasionally, faint, short transverse groove or notch between funicle and parietal callus. Basal fasciole very solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern of large, regularly spaced, subcircular blotches with intense margins. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is relatively rare in the Vienna Basin and was confused with the French Early Miocene Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825) in the collection of the NHMW. Specimens of Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830), from the late Badenian of the Carpathian Foreland Basin, are strongly reminiscent of Cochlis neoobscura nov. sp. from the middle Badenian of the Vienna Basin. They differ in the broader funicle of Cochlis eximia, the larger and well delimited anterior lobe and the broader and longer umbilical channel. Cochlis curta (Erünal-Erentöz, 1958), from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin (Turkey), might be another related species, which differs only in its better separated funicle and less expanding anterior lobe (see Landau et al. 2013: pl. 1, figs 1 a – c). Cochlis paragigantica nov. sp. has similar umbilical features but differs in its larger size, less expanding last whorl and convex spire whorls. Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995) has narrower umbilicus, a narrower umbilical callus and lacks the separation between anterior lobe and umbilical callus. Moreover, its last whorl has a lower expansion rate. Euspira bononiensis (Foresti, 1884), from the Tortonian of Italy, is exceptionally similar in shape. However, this similarity is superficial. It differs in its uniform pale brown color, lacks an opercular ridge, but most importantly it lacks a funicle and columellar callus, characters that place it in Euspira rather than Cochlis. (Pedriali et al. 2009: 389, pl. 1, figs 1 – 3, pl. 3, figs 1 – 2, 21 – 22). Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Gainfarn and Enzesfeld suggest inner neritic environments with seagrass (Zuschin et al. 2007).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	description	Figs 15 A 1 – A 4	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0785 e, SL: 49.2 mm, MD: 48.2 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 15 A 1 – A 4. Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A composite of Para - from Paratethys and gigantica, Latin for gigantic, referring to the large size.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very large, globose shell with low turbiniform spire, convex spire whorls, prominent, rounded shoulder, moderately expanding last whorl, moderately wide, deep umbilicus with low, indistinct funicle and angled base.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	description	Description. Very large, globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; as wide as high (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Spire low turbiniform of low, strongly convex whorls; apical angle 130 °. Protoconch poorly preserved of ~ 2 smooth, convex whorls; transition to teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, narrowly adpressed. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by prominent, rounded shoulder. Last whorl moderately expanding, moderately inflated, attaining ~ 93 % of total height. Periphery moderately convex, placed mid-whorl (~ 49 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 84 %) distinctly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 80 % of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded into short, broad spout, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 26 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip indistinct. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 16 %), deep, with weak growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 58 %), thickened with concave margin and weak anterior lobe. Funicle low, broad, poorly delimited. Basal fasciole very solid. Base weakly angled. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cochlis paragigantica nov. sp. is exceptionally large and differs from the somewhat reminiscent Cochlis neoobscura nov. sp. in its prominent shoulder, the weaker parietal callus, and much weaker anterior lobe. Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995) differs in its conical spire and narrower umbilicus. Cochlis baconica (Kókay, 1966) has an almost identical outline with a prominent, rounded shoulder but is much smaller at same growth stage and has a wider umbilicus. Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation and color of the fossil shells suggest that Cochlis paragigantica belonged to the allochthonous shallow water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	description	Figs 2 E, 16 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2024 / 0232 / 0002 (A 1260), SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 15.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 16 C 1 – C 4. Paratypes: NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0002, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 15.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2 E, 16 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0001, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 16 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0237 / 0001, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 13.9 mm, Jaroměřice (Czech Republic), Figs 16 D 1 – D 4. Additional paratypes. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0003, SL: 17.9 mm, MD: 17.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). BkKG 460 - 464, SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 22.0 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (1995: pl. 15, fig. 12). BkK-G 460 - 464, SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (1995: pl. 15, fig. 10). Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the similarity with Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, ovate shell with moderately high spire of strongly convex whorls; moderately wide umbilicus with narrow, strongly raised funicle, and small semicircular umbilical callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	description	Description. Small, ovate shell of about 4.5 teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Spire slightly elevated, broad turbiniform, of strongly convex whorls; apical angle 100 – 117 °. Protoconch of about 2.5 convex whorls. Suture linear, weakly impressed. Faint, low subsutural cord. Narrow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Last teleoconch whorl weakly expanding, not inflated, attaining ~ 90 % of total height. Some specimens with very faint, widely spaced spiral cords on last whorl. Periphery strongly convex, placed slightly below mid-whorl (~ 49 %). Growth lines very prominent, fold-like, prosocline in apical view, fading at shoulder, delicate to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, ovate D-shaped, with maximum diameter in abapical third. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 82 %), far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 70 % of total height. Columellar lip straight, weakly reinforced, basal lip weakly reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 26 – 38 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak to subobsolete. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 17 %), deep, semicircular. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 43 %), weak, narrow with very small, subtrigonal anterior lobe. Margin of parietal callus weakly concave. Very narrow, raised, cord-like funicle terminating in abapical third of columellar lip in small or insignificant semicircular umbilical callus. Adapical and abapical sulci moderately wide, weakly concave, abapical sulcus delimited by faint spiral ridge. Color pattern of numerous, small, circular dots (Bałuk 1995: pl. 15, fig. 10). Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species has frequently been reported in the literature but was confused with the extant Mediterranean Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791) and the Early Miocene northeastern Atlantic Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825). It differs from both species and from most Paratethyan Cochlis species, except for Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858), in its high spire and ovate outline. In addition, it is characterized by its narrow but strongly raised funicle. Due to its ovate outline, this species is reminiscent of Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) but differs clearly from that species in its prominent funicle. Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) is almost identical in outline but differs in its more prominent, pillar-like funicle and lacks the characteristic, fold-like growth lines on the subsutural ramp (e. g., Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 14). In addition, Cochlis pseudoprotracta nov. sp. was a deep water species whereas C. neglecta is found in shallow water deposits. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Baden-Sooss (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szokolya (Hungary) (Báldi 1960); Krka Basin: Ivanji dol, Šentjernej (Slovenia) (Hilber 1893; Mikuž 2009); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66013FFE4FF00F9F6FC22FC16.taxon	description	Figs 17 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66013FFE4FF00F9F6FC22FC16.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): GBA 1912 / 004 / 001 / 3, SL: 23.1 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 10). Paralectotypes: GBA 1912 / 004 / 0017 / 1 SL: 24.7 mm, MD: 24.5 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 8). GBA 1912 / 004 / 0017 / 2, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 9). Illustrated material. NHMW 1934 / 0001 / 0123 a, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 22.9 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), Figs 17 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 1934 / 0001 / 0123 b, SL: 25.2 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), Figs 17 A 1 – A 4. Coll. Anton Breitenberger, SL: 34.2 mm, MD: 31.9 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), Figs 17 C 1 – C 4. Coll. Anton Breitenberger, SL: 28.2 mm, MD: 31.5 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), Figs 17 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. 5 spec., NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0101, Loibersdorf (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1849 / 0013 / 0019, Mörtersdorf (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW 1849 / 0013 / 0020, Molt (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0054 / 0031, Molt (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0050 / 0309, Eggenburg (Austria). Revised description. Medium sized, robust, globose shell of ~ 3.5 teleoconch whorls (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Protoconch unknown. Spire low conical, slightly gradate; apical angle 120 – 130 °. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls with moderately wide, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by weak shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~ 91 – 95 % of total height. Periphery regularly convex, placed mid-whorl (~ 51 %). Growth lines moderately distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture widely D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), distinctly below shoulder, above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 75 % of total height. Columellar lip broad, strongly reinforced, basal lip weakly expanded, thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 20 – 25 °. Marked opercular ridge in outer lip. Umbilicus semicircular, wide (~ 17 %), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 46 %), weakly thickened, with concave margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus indistinct, partly fused with funicle. Funicle very broad, depressed, not sharply delimited, forming relatively narrow, shield-like umbilical callus. Adapical and abapical sulci shallowly concave. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66013FFE4FF00F9F6FC22FC16.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This is a very common Naticidae in the lower Eggenburgian Loibersdorf Formation in the Eggenburg region in Austria. We did not find any closely related coeval species from the Circum-Mediterranean region. Cochlis degrangei (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1919), from the Early Miocene of France, differs in the elongate shell and broad funiculus, which fills a large part of the umbilicus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 3 – 5). The Early Miocene Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) differs in its prominent, narrow, but well delimited funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 9 – 15). Similarly, the Early Miocene Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825) differs in its prominent funicle and broad, deep umbilical channel (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 1 – 5). The Badenian Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. is slightly reminiscent in shape and umbilical features but has a much narrower columella lip, the parietal callus is hardly developed, an even weaker funicle and a less expanding last whorl. Paleoenvironment. The Loibersdorf Formation formed in shallow sublittoral environments with sand bottoms in few meters water depth (Mandic et al. 2004). Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Kaltenbachgraben (Germany) (Hölzl 1958); Gauderndorf, Loibersdorf, Mörtersdorf, Maria Dreieichen, Eggenburg (Schaffer 1912). Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu & Negulescu 1964).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B.taxon	description	Figs 2 F, 18 – 20	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B.taxon	description	N [atica]. (N [acca].) millepunctata tigrina Defr. — Sieber 1958: 140 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, MPUM 11735, SL: 35.4 mm, MD: 35.7 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 24.1 a – c), Figs 18 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: MPUM 11736, SL: 21.3 mm, MD: 20.7 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 24.2 a – b), Figs 18 B 1 – B 4. For further paratypes and material see Pedriali et al. (2019: 166). Illustrated material. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0226 c, SL: 30.1 mm, MD: 29.9 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 18 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0226 a, SL: 32.6 mm, MD: 33.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 18 D 1 – D 4. NHMW 2024 / 0238 / 0001, SL: 37.5 mm, MD: 35.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 19 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2024 / 0238 / 0002, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 31.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 19 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0235 / 0002, SL: 35.1 mm, MD: 37.5 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 19 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0235 / 0003, SL: 25.0 mm, MD: 24.1 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 19 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 121, SL: 32.5 mm, MD: 33.5 mm, Shushkivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20 A 1 – A 4. PIN 5904 / 122, SL: 20.4 mm, MD: 20.8 mm, Gorodok, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20 B 1 – B 4. PIN 5904 / 123, SL: 29.4 mm, MD: 28.8 mm, ravine Zhabyak, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20 C 1 – C 4. PIN 5904 / 124, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 19.4 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. 8 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0235 / 0004, Gainfarn (Austria); 28 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0225, Steinebrunn (Austria); 21 spec., NHMW 1997 z 0178 / 1372, Gainfarn (Austria); 12 spec., NHMW 2013 / 0479 / 1005, Gainfarn (Austria); 12 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0442, Gainfarn and Enzesfeld (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0053, Enzesfeld (Austria); 11 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0010 / 0061, Mikulov (Czech Republic). Revised description. Medium sized to large, globose, solid shell of about four teleoconch whorls; often only slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Spire low-conical, slightly elevated to rather depressed, with convex whorls; apical angle 120 – 135 °. Protoconch small, depressed turbiniform, of 1.75 convex whorls. Suture linear, strongly incised. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint to subobsolete shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, slightly inflated, attaining ~ 92 – 95 % of total height. Periphery regularly convex, placed mid-whorl (~ 49 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weaker to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~ 75 %), distinctly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 80 – 85 % of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 16 – 32 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 16 %), deep, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 53 %), weakly thickened not expanding over base, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe small, rounded, flat. Funicle broad, convex, semicircular, not very raised, moderately delimited. Adapical and abapical sulci wide, weakly concave. Umbilical callus small, thick, semicircular, well-separated from parietal callus. Basal fasciole solid, wide, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern of uniform light brown to brown background, with uneven whitish collabral stripes (according to Pedriali et al. 2019: 166). Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Specimens with depressed spire and spherical outline (Fig. 18) co-occur with shells with more elevated spire and more elongate outline (Fig. 19). These morphs are united by transitional morphs. There are also variations in the strength of the funicle. Neither form has color pattern preserved. Only opercula would help to decide if these are two cryptic species. Therefore, we provisionally consider these morphologies to reflect the intraspecific variability of Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019. Pedriali et al. (2019) introduced this species based on specimens from the upper Badenian of Ukraine but did not refer to any other Paratethyan occurrences. Nevertheless, it is probably one of the most frequent Naticidae in shallow marine deposits of the Central Paratethys Sea, although it has been confused by most authors with Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825) from the Early Miocene of France. They differ in the narrower umbilicus of the French species, which has a deep umbilical channel surrounding the funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 1 – 5). Cochlis raropunctata (Sasso, 1827), from the Tortonian of Italy, differs in in much more prominent, strongly raised funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 2 – 4). See Pedriali et al. (2019: 168) for further discussions. Paleoenvironment. Inner neritic, shallow marine; occurrences at Gainfarn and Steinebrunn suggest sea-grass environments (Zuschin et al. 2007).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Stara Pisochna, Varivtsi, Velyka Levada (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Rydomyl’, Shushkivtsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019, hoc opus). Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Steinebrunn (Austria), (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982). Pannonian Basin: Hidas (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950); Şimleu Basin: Tusa (Romania) (Nicorici 1972); Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602DFFD8FF00FE52FAFCF8AB.taxon	description	Fig. 21 A 1 – A 4	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602DFFD8FF00FE52FAFCF8AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, Z. PAL. U. W. No. BkK-G 465, SL: 40.0 mm, MD: 42.0 mm, Korytnica (Poland), Figs 21 A 1 – A 4. Revised description. Large, globose, solid shell of 4.5 teleoconch whorls; about as high as wide (SL / MD = 0.95). Spire conical, moderately elevated, convex, with moderately convex whorls; apical angle ~ 122 °. Protoconch poorly preserved of ~ 2 smooth, convex whorls; transition into teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with weakly concave subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl slowly expanding, moderately inflated, attaining ~ 92 % of total height. Subsutural shelf widening on last whorl with distinct concavity close to aperture. Periphery convex, below mid-whorl (~ 43 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, slightly weaker at periphery. Aperture widely D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 79 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 71 – 75 % of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip broken. Columellar angle ~ 28 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 13 %), deep, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus very long (~ 72 %), strongly thickened, with weakly concave to straight margin and moderately expanding, relatively thin anterior lobe. Funicle low, insignificant, fully hidden by trigonal umbilical callus. Umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe. Narrow, concave abapical sulcus, delimited by prominent spiral swelling. Basal fasciole solid, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602DFFD8FF00FE52FAFCF8AB.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Generic placement of this species is problematic, as the shell shape and umbilical characters would fit the genus Euspira. However, we place it in Cochlis based on its distinct opercular ridge, which is lacking in Euspira, a member of Polinicinae, which do not have a calcareous operculum, and therefore do not have an opercular ridge within the aperture. Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995) is unique within the Paratethyan Naticidae due to its large and solid shell and its narrow umbilicus, which is largely covered by a thick, trigonal umbilical callus, giving it a distinctly Euspira - like profile. The holotype is a specimen with depressed spire and an adapical suture placed at the shoulder of the preceding whorls. A second specimen from Korytnica, illustrated by Bałuk (2006: pl. 3, fig. 9), documents some variability in spire height and its suture is placed below the shoulder. In summary, we place Nacca unica tentatively in the genus Cochlis based solely on the presence of an opercular ridge. We have seen no further material apart from the holotype, and therefore cannot comment if this ridge is a consistent character. Further material is required to be certain of its generic position. Paleoenvironment. Unknown; the occurrence at Gainfarn might suggest sea-grass environments (Zuschin et al. 2007).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602DFFD8FF00FE52FAFCF8AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland). Vienna Basin: Gainfarn (Austria) (hoc opus). Pannonian Basin: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969 b).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	description	Figs 2 G, 22 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Holotype: NHMW 2024 / 0239 / 0001, SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 27.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 2 G, 22 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: NHMW 2024 / 0239 / 0002, SL: 25.6 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 22 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0239 / 0003, SL: 27.7 mm, MD: 28.4 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 22 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0239 / 0004, SL: 25.0 mm, MD: 24.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 22 D 1 – D 4. Additional paratypes. 12 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0075, Grund (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Frank Emmanuel Zachos, zoologist at the NHMW.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, globose shell, gradate spire, wide and deep suture, strongly expanding last whorl with adapical tip of aperture far below shoulder; umbilicus wide, deep, funnel-shaped with prominent funicle terminating at lower third of columellar lip.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; as wide as high (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Spire gradate, moderately elevated, turbiniform of low, strongly convex whorls; apical angle 127 – 131 °. Protoconch poorly preserved of> 2 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, very deep and wide. Faint, low, relatively broad subsutural cord. Subsutural shelf very narrow, convex, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last teleoconch whorl strongly expanding, inflated, attaining ~ 95 % of total height. Periphery strongly convex, placed just below mid-whorl (~ 46 %). Growth lines close-set, prominent along subsutural cord, weakening on subsutural shelf, delicate and prosocline along periphery. Aperture moderately very wide, D-shaped, with maximum width below mid-whorl. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 78 %), far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 75 % of total height. Columellar lip straight, moderately reinforced, basal lip thick, slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 17 – 20 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip indistinct. Umbilicus wide (~ 17 %), deep, funnel-shaped, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus short (~ 34 %), strongly thickened, rectangular with straight margin and weak anterior lobe. Funicle prominent, cord-like, moderately broad, distinctly delimited by deeply concave adapical sulcus and shallower abapical sulcus. Funicle terminating in lower third of columellar lip in semicircular umbilical callus, grading abapically into thick basal lip, well separated from parietal callus. Basal fasciole very solid, weakly angled with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. is slightly reminiscent of Cochlis zachosi nov. sp. but differs in its very broad and weak funicle and the higher placed position of the insertion of the outer lip and narrower parietal callus. Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. has comparable umbilical features but differs in its much larger size and narrow, adpressed suture. In addition, C. degregorioi has a longer and broader parietal callus. Similarly, Cochlis micromillepunctata nov. sp. has comparable umbilical features but has a narrow, adpressed suture and a distinctly less expanding last whorl. Cochlis micromillepunctata has the basal callus much more developed and its parietal callus is narrower but longer. Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation and color of the fossil shells suggest that Cochlis zachosi nov. sp. belonged to the allochthonous shallow water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Kleinebersdorf, Karnabrunn, Stetten (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	description	Figs 23 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	description	1814)]. Natica (Nacca) dillwyni var. plicatula (Bronn 1831) — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 119, pl. 33, fig. 7. Natica sp. — Caze et al. 2014: 33, figs 5 A 1 – A 3.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, NHMW 2024 / 0240 / 0001, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 18.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 23 A 1 – A 6. Paratype: MNHN A 31069, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 16.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Caze et al. (2014: figs 5 A 1 – A 3), photo by Philippe Loubry (MNHN / CNRS), Figs 23 B 1 – B 6. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Luca Pedriali (San Martino, Ferrara, Italy) in recognition of his contributions to the study of Cainozoic Naticidae faunas. We note that this name should not be confused with Cochlis pedrialii Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016 from the Lower Pliocene of northwestern France, also dedicated to this outstanding naticid expert.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, depressed globose shell, low spire, with moderately wide umbilicus and prominent, cord-like, narrow, strongly raised funicle; color pattern of small, vaguely diamond-shaped, close-set scales arranged in three bands.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	description	Description. Small, depressed globose shell of ~ 3.5 teleoconch whorls; only slightly wider than high (SL / MD = ~ 0.9). Spire low conical with moderately convex whorls; apical angle ~ 130 °. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with moderately broad, weakly concave subsutural shelf, delimited by angulate shoulder. Last whorl regularly convex below shoulder, moderately expanding, attaining ~ 95 % of total height. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~ 49 %). Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, ovate D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 86 %), not far below shoulder, distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 82 % of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 15 – 23 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 17 %), deep, with delicate growth lines. Parietal callus very long (~ 61 %), weak, not expanded over base. Anterior lobe absent (or broken off in both available specimens). Funicle prominent, cord-like, narrow, strongly raised, terminating in abapical third of columellar lip in small, prominent, subtrigonal umbilical callus. Broad, concave adapical sulcus, narrower, deeply concave abapical sulcus delimited by weak spiral ridge. Basal fasciole weak, rounded. Color pattern of small, vaguely diamond-shaped, close-set dark scales arranged in three broad bands separated by two narrow, light bands placed slightly above periphery and at base with fewer scales. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	discussion	Discussion. According to Robba et al. (2016: 121), species of the genus Naticarius have a teleoconch similar to those of the genus Cochlis, but their opercula have the outer surface with many ribs instead of two or three. Therefore, without the operculum we cannot ascribe species to one or other genus with certainty. However, we place this species in Naticarius based on its narrow and strongly raised funicle, which is comparable to the extant Mediterranean Naticarius hebraeus (Martyn, 1786) and Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791). Naticarius lucapedrialii nov. sp. displays a very intense color pattern under UV-light, which differs from the Paratethyan Cochlis species in its small, diamond-shaped scales and spiral bands. This pattern is reminiscent of that of N. hebraeus, which however, does not form bands. Cochlis raropunctata (Sasso, 1827), from the Tortonian of Italy, has a similar funicle but is ovate-globose and differs in its color pattern of circular dots (see Pedriali & Robba 2005: pl. 4, figs 1 – 6, pl. 9, figs 14 – 19; Chirli 2008: pl. 23, figs 13 – 18, pl. 24, figs 4 – 13; Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 4). The umbilical features of Naticarius lucapedrialii nov. sp. are superficially reminiscent of those of Cochlis pseudovittata Robba, Pedriali & Quaggiotto, 2016, from the Tortonian of Italy, but the Italian species differs in its larger umbilical callus and color pattern of regularly spaced dots (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 16). Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960) confused this species with the extant Mediterranean Notocochlis dillwynii (Payraudeau, 1826)], which differs in its longer, elongate semicircular umbilical callus and trigonal anterior lobe. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Buituri, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus; Boettger 1906; Moisescu 1955); Dacian Basin: Bivolare (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Genus Tectonatica Sacco, 1890	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Natica tectula Sacco, 1890; by monotypy in Sacco (1890: 33). Pliocene, Italy.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941.taxon	description	Figs 24 D – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, MPUM 11738, SL: 5.4 mm, MD: 4.9 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 25.1 a – d), Figs 24 D 1 – D 4. Paratype: MPUM 11739, SL: 6.6 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 25.2 a – b), Figs 24 E 1 – E 4. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 170) for further paratypes.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941.taxon	description	Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 168).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pedriali et al. (2019) described two Tectonatica species from the Ukrainian Miocene. Tectonatica anistratenkorum Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019 and Tectonatica distincta (Eichwald, 1829) are distinguished based on wider umbilical chink of T. distincta. In addition, T. distincta is slightly larger and T. anistratenkorum is more spherical. Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at Varivtsi suggests inner neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Varivtsi, Zalistsi (Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E.taxon	description	Figs 24 A – B, 25 * N [atica]. distincta n. — Eichwald 1829: 299, pl. 5, fig. 16. N [atica]. distincta m. — Eichwald 1830: 218.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E.taxon	materials_examined	Illustrated material. MPUM 11740, Varivtsi (Ukraine), SL: 8.8 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, holotype of Tectonatica pseudoprietoi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 26.1 a – c), Figs 24 B 1 – B 3. Revised description. Small, depressed ovate shell of about four teleoconch whorls; (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Protoconch close to planispiral with flattened whorls, no clear separation from teleoconch. Spire low conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 110 – 130 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp; shoulder weak, rounded. Last whorl high, weakly expanding, attaining 97 % of total height; strongly convex below shoulder, regularly convex at periphery and base. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~ 35 %). Growth lines delicate on subsutural ramp, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), slightly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 84 % of total height. Columellar lip slightly reinforced, basal and outer lips moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 18 – 20 °. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 18 %), deep, semicircular. Shell light brown, with whitish to brown collabral lines. Parietal callus moderately short (~ 40 – 42 %), weakly thickened, with slight adapical swelling, not expanding over base, with straight margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thin, fused with umbilical callus. Umbilical callus prominent, tongue-like semicircular delimited by deep umbilical channel. Funicle behind umbilical callus not visible; adapical and abapical sulci deeply concave. Basal fasciole solid, broad, rounded.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E.taxon	description	Paratethyan synonyms. Tectonatica pseudoprietoi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, from the late Badenian of Ukraine, is a subjective junior synonym. When describing this species, Pedriali et al. (2019) did not mention Natica distincta Eichwald, 1829. In our opinion, Tectonatica pseudoprietoi cannot be separated from Natica distincta and therefore, we treat it as subjective junior synonym.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was neglected so far in the literature probably due to the very poor illustration in Eichwald (1829). Interestingly, Eichwald (1852) did not re-illustrate it in his atlas. Only a single specimen was found labeled as Natica distincta in Eichwald’s collection in Paleontological Museum of Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg. It comes from Bialozirka (Fig. 25), which was not listed by Eichwald as locality of this species. Therefore, it cannot be designated as lectotype of Natica distincta. Paleoenvironment. Probably shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Bilozirka, Mala Bilka, Staro-Poczaiow, Zalistsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Eichwald 1929; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66024FFD0FF00FAB4FC0DFD66.taxon	description	Figs 2 H, 24 C 1 – C 4	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66024FFD0FF00FAB4FC0DFD66.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Pedriali & Robba 2008 a: 110), BS. 029.04.001 / 01, Villalvernia (Italy), Pliocene. Illustrated material. SFM 366841, SL: 4.6 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2 H, 24 C 1 – C 4. Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Very small, elongate ovate to depressed ovate, glossy shell of two teleoconch whorls; slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Protoconch low turbiniform of about 2.5 convex whorls. Spire weakly elevated, broad conical with moderately to weakly convex whorls; apical angle ~ 110 – 130 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, steep, almost flat subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Subsutural ramp with delicate spiral threads. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~ 90 – 95 % of total height. Regularly convex below subsutural ramp. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 40 %). Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and close-set at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped, moderately prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), close to shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 80 % of total height. Columellar lip straight, solid, basal lip weakly thickened, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 15 – 30 °. Prominent opercular ridge in outer lip. Umbilicus fully sealed by semicircular, plug-like, flattish umbilical callus. Deep, narrow umbilical chink of slightly variable width. Parietal callus long (~ 53 %), weakly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin, fused with umbilical callus. Base solid, rounded. For operculum of Pliocene specimens see Pedriali et al. (2008 a: 111).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66024FFD0FF00FAB4FC0DFD66.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species could be mistaken for Tectonatica distincta (Eichwald, 1829) but differs in its wider last whorl, weakly incised suture, depressed conical spire and larger umbilical callus which leaves a narrower umbilical chink.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66024FFD0FF00FAB4FC0DFD66.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus). (Proto-) Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Valle Ceppi (Italy) (Pedriali & Robba 2008 a). Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin, Akpınar, Seyithasan (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Borelli (Italy) (Pedriali & Robba 2008 a). Pliocene: Estepona Basin (Spain) (Landau et al. 2013); central Mediterranean Sea (Taly) (Pedriali & Robba, 2008 a). Northeastern Atlantic. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Orthez (France) (Pedriali & Robba 2008 a). Pliocene: Guadalquivir Basin, Spain (Landau et al., 2011).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E.taxon	description	Figs 26 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): KM FI 1166, SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 14.8 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 13), Figs 26 A 1 – A 4. Paralectotype: KM FI 1167, SL: 17.1 mm, MD: 15.0 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 14), Figs 26 B 1 – B 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Scutarius, Latin for shield-bearing, referring to the umbilical features. Revised description. Small, elongate ovate shell of about three teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Protoconch unknown. Spire moderately high conical with moderately convex whorls; apical angle ~ 98 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, steep, concave subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~ 93 % of total height. Regularly convex below faint shoulder angulation. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~ 46 %). Growth lines weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery (note that surface of the specimens is corroded). Aperture relatively narrow, high D-shaped, moderately prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 82 %). Aperture attaining ~ 75 % of total height. Columellar lip straight, solid, basal lip thickened, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 5 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip not preserved. Umbilicus largely filled by thick, shield-like, semicircular umbilical callus, slightly sunken into umbilicus, covering broad funicle. Parietal callus long (~ 53 %), strongly thickened, slightly expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus fused with umbilical callus. Distinct umbilical channel encircling umbilical callus. Base solid, rounded. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was established by Schaffer (1912) as a variety of Natica transgrediens Schaffer, 1912, which is placed herein in Cochlis. They differ in the open umbilicus of Cochlis transgrediens and its more globose outline. The name Natica elata is preoccupied by Natica alderi elata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 [= Euspira nitida (Donovan, 1803)]. Therefore, we propose Tectonatica scutaria as a replacement name. The coeval Tectonatica miocolligens (Sacco, 1890), from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), shares very similar umbilical features but differs in its lower spire, resulting in a more spherical shape (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 1 – 6). Tectonatica dertomamilla (Sacco, 1890), from the Late Miocene of the Po Basin (Italy), has a similar outline but differs in its narrower and shorter umbilical channel and the lower spire (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 5, figs 12 – 13). Tectonatica tectula (Sacco, 1890), from the Tortonian to Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea, differs in its wider shell and the nearly sealed umbilicus with narrow umbilical channel (see Pedriali & Robba 2008 a: pl. 2, figs 8 – 9; Robba et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 13 – 15). Paleoenvironment. The section Maria Dreieichen (Austria) exposed shallow sublittoral environments with sand bottoms in few meters water depth (Mandic et al. 2004).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Maria Dreieichen (Austria) (Schaffer 1912). Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu & Negulescu 1964).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Natica empina De Gregorio, 1885, Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A combination of pseudo - (Greek for false) and Polinices, referring to the confusion with Polinices in the literature; masculine.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized to large, solid, globose-ovate with large last whorl and weakly gradate spire; columella strongly reinforced; parietal callus strongly swollen, fused with very large, flattish umbilical callus; umbilicus fully or largely filled by callus; some species with narrow umbilical chink; calcareous operculum moderately thick; outer surface weakly concave, with weak outer ridge, straight inner margin, smooth. Inners surface weakly convex, smooth except for distinct growth lines, nucleus not protruding; color pattern of large dots, blotches.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66.taxon	description	Description. See description for type species and additional species included in Pseudolinices herein. Included species. Natica (Polinices) proredempta Sacco, 1890, Burdigalian (Early Miocene), Proto-Mediterranean Sea (Italy) (Robba et al. 2016). Natica redempta Michelotti, 1847, Langhian to Serravallian, northeastern Atlantic (France, Portugal) (Glibert 1952 a; Landau et al. 2013), Serravallian to Tortonian (Middle to Late Miocene), Proto-Mediterranean Sea (Italy, Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013; Robba et al. 2016), Lower Pliocene (Spain), Atlantic and Mediterranean adjacent to Strait of Gibraltar (Landau et al., 2011; Landau & Harzhauser, in press). Natica (Polynices) pseudoredempta Friedberg, 1923, Karpatian and Badenian (Early and Middle Miocene), Central Paratethys Sea (Austria, Hungary, Poland) (hoc opus). Natica (Polynices) staszici Friedberg, 1923, Central Paratethys Sea (Poland, Ukraine) (hoc opus). Natica empina De Gregorio, 1885, Karpatian and Badenian (Early and Middle Miocene), Central Paratethys Sea (Austria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Members of this genus have so far been placed in the Polinicinae genus Polinices Montfort, 1810 [type species Polinices albus de Montfort, 1810 [= Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)], present-day, Indo-West Pacific]. The subfamilies Polinicinae and Naticinae are generally distinguished by the presence of a calcareous operculum in Naticidae whereas Polinicinae develop a corneous operculum (Kilburn 1976; Marincovich 1977). Although calcareous layers may also occur in Polinicinae, these do not form fully calcified opercula (Dell 1990; Pastorino 2005). Unexpectedly, Pseudolinices empina bears a solid, calcareous operculum, which questions the traditional placement of these shells in Polinicinae. Rarely do Naticinae specimens found in the Paratethyan assemblages have their operculum preserved in situ. However, the specimen illustrated here was found by our team and therefore the operculum can be ascribed to the specimen with confidence. Once the possibility of this species being in the Naticinae is considered, other differences between a group of European Neogene species traditionally placed in Polinices from the Indo-West Pacific emerge. In addition, we note that Pseudolinices tend to form slightly gradate spires, whereas Polinices have conical spires with a poorly incised suture. The general outline of Pseudolinices (e. g., P. empina, P. redemptus and especially of P. staszici) is globose with strongly convex adapical parts of the teleoconch whorls, unlike Polinices species with broad, flat, steep subsutural ramps. Polinices shells are typically glossy, which is not the case in Pseudolinices. Finally, Pseudolinices empina and Pseudolinices redemptus display very prominent color patterns of large dots and blotches, whereas Polinices species have a whitish appearance without color patterns. The color pattern of Pseudolinices is much closer to those developed in Naticinae. Therefore, we propose to place this species group in Naticinae. Pseudolinices seems to be an example of convergent evolution resulting in a Polinices- like morphology within Naticinae. Therefore, most Miocene European Naticidae species placed in Polinices in the literature are transferred to the Naticidae genus Pseudolinices herein. An exception is Natica (Polinices) submamilla Sacco, 1891 from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), which might be a real Polinices (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 13, figs 11 – 14). The extant cold-water genus Cryptonatica Dall, 1892 [type species Natica clausa Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829 = Cryptonatica affinis (Gmelin, 1791), present-day, Arctic waters] is superficially reminiscent of Pseudolinices but differs in its globular outline, slightly weaker parietal callus, often wider umbilical chink, and the uniform color. Moreover, its cold water environment excludes a closer relation with Pseudolinices, which occurred in subtropical environments. The operculum found in P. empina differs from other Naticinae genera in being almost completely smooth; the inner ridge is only developed at the base, the outer ridge is very weak, and the central callus is not delimited, whereas in Cochlis the inner and outer ridges and central callus are well developed and in Naticarius there are more numerous ridges (see Pedriali & Robba 2005; pl. 10). Tectonatica species also have a relatively simple operculum with one groove delimited by a more or less wide, flattened peripheral band and no or weak central callus (see Pedriali & Robba 2008; pl. 3), quite unlike that of P. empina. A weak opercular ridge is developed in P. empina and P. staszici, but not P. pseudoredemptus. However, the opercular ridge is not exclusive to Naticinae, as it is also weakly developed in a few Polinicinae (e. g., Euspira merlei nov. sp. and Figovina szobiensis (Strausz, 1959), inter alia).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.taxon	description	Figs 2 I, 27 – 29	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.taxon	description	P [olinices]. (P [olinices].) proredemptus Sacco — Sieber 1958: 139 [non Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.taxon	description	(Michelotti, 1847)]. Polynices redempta (Micht.) — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1158, pl. 9, fig. 9 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Natica redempta Micht. — Urbaniak 1974: 39, pl. 14, figs 4 a – b. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847) — Švagrovský 1982: 32, pl. 10, fig. 2 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices (Polinices) redempta dertoconvexa Sacco 1891 — Atanacković 1985: 131, pl. 30, figs 1 – 2 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti) — Bałuk 1995: 198, pl. 15, figs 7 – 8 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices (Polinices) proredemptus Sacco — Schultz 1998: 58, pl. 22, fig. 9 [non Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890)]. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847) — Harzhauser 2002: 88, pl. 5, figs 5 – 6 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847) — Landau et al. 2013: 105, pl. 11, fig. 7, pl. 79, fig. 7 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. non Natica (Polynices) redempta Michelotti, 1847 — Strausz 1966 (pars): 231, pl. 47, figs 19 – 31 [= Pseudolinices pseudoredempta (Friedberg, 1923)]. non Polynices redempta Micht. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: pl. 5, fig. 17 [= Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995)]. non Polinices cf. redemptus (Michelotti 1847) — Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: 101, pl. 17, figs 10 – 18 [unidentifiable internal casts].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0029 a, SL: 56.5 mm, MD: 58.0 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: 47, figs 3 a – b), Figs 27 A 1 – A 4. Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0244 / 0001, SL: 57.3 mm, MD: 59.6 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 27 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0020, SL: 53.5 mm, MD: 47.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 27 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0021, SL: 49.2 mm, MD: 46.0 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 27 D 1 – D 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0022, SL: 23.5 mm, MD: 25.9 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 28 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1858 / 0038 / 0188, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 23.3 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), 29 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1876 / 0037 / 0437, SL: 37.8 mm, MD: 32.8 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), 29 B 1 – B 3. NHMW A 1269, SL: 53.6 mm, MD: 47.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2 I, 29 C 1 – C 2. Additional material. 4 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0245 / 0001, Guntersdorf (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0029, Grund (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0049, Grund (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0593, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 10 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0050, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 9 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0966, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 2013 / 0479 / 1015, Gainfarn (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0246 / 0001, Enzesfeld (Austria); 18 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0341, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Large, very robust, globose-ovate shell of 3.5 teleoconch whorls, about as high as wide (SL / MD = ~ 0.9 – 1.1). Protoconch of ~ 2.5 convex whorls. Spire moderately high to low conical; apical angle 120 – 125 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, becoming weakly concave close to aperture. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~ 95 % of total height. Regularly convex below rounded shoulder. Prominent subsutural groove appears on last 2 / 3 of last whorl. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 43 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture wide D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 87 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 80 – 83 % of total height. Columellar lip very broad, reinforced; basal lip slightly expanded, thick; outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 25 – 32 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip occasionally forming weak groove behind peristome. Umbilicus wide, fully sealed by thick umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~ 75 %), adapically strongly thickened, with concave margin. No anterior lobe. Umbilical callus flattish, encircled by narrow, shallow groove, fused with parietal callus. Basal fasciole broad, weak, rounded with slightly more prominent growth lines. Color pattern of medium-sized to large, sub-circular to weakly elongate, dark dots on light ground. Operculum simple, moderately thick; outer surface weakly concave, with weak outer ridge, straight inner margin, smooth. Inners surface weakly convex, smooth except for distinct growth lines, nucleus not protruding.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pseudolinices redemptus, from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene of the Proto- / Mediterranean Sea, differs in its more elongate outline and the weak concavity on the abapical margin of the umbilical callus. Moreover, Pseudolinices redemptus has dark, crescent-shaped blotches (see Robba et al. 2016; pl. 13, figs 7 – 10). Bałuk (1995, p. 198) noted the variability in the color pattern, which consists of medium sized dark dots or spots on a light background or vice versa. Specimens from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin (Turkey) show a similar color pattern of close-set dots of variable size (Landau et al. 2013: pl. 79, fig. 7). The specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 3) was tentatively identified as Polinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890) by Robba et al. (2016: 196). However, Pseudolinices proredemptus, from the Burdigalian of Italy, differs in its much smaller size, spherical shape, flat umbilical callus and lacks a groove encompassing the umbilical callus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 13, figs 4 – 6).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Stetten, Wetzleinsdorf (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Ukrainian-Polish Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zgłobice (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld, Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hörnes 1856), Mikulov, Moravská Třebová (Czech Republic) (Quenstedt 1881); Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Pannonian Basin: Hidas (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950), Glina (Croatia) (Eremija 1959); Southern Pannonian Basin: Čaklovica, Hrvaćani, Miljevići, (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Prnjavor Basin: Reljevac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Eremija 1971); Cserhát Mountains: Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi (Romania) (Stancu & Andreescu 1968); Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971); Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Banat: Zorlenţul-Mare (Romania) (Florei 1961); Dacian Basin: Opanets, Staropatitsa, Tyrnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603CFFC8FF00FEE6FA8BF861.taxon	description	Figs 30 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603CFFC8FF00FEE6FA8BF861.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SL: 18.1 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Friedberg (1923: pl. 26, fig. 12). Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0247 / 0001, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2024 / 0247 / 0003, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 11.0 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0247 / 0004, SL: 12.3 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0247 / 0005, SL: 10.8 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. 55 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0050 / 0156, Kleinebersdorf (Austria); 10 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0440, Kleinebersdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1859 / 0045 / 0049, Grossrussbach (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0050 / 0036, Rückersdorf (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1859 / 0045 / 0262, Weinsteig (Austria); 70 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0248 / 0001, Karnabrunn (Austria). Revised description. Small, solid, elongate ovate shell with high spire; higher than wide (SL / MD = 1.1 – 1.3). Spire high turbiniform, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 95 – 140 °. Protoconch low turbiniform, of 2.5 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, convex subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Last whorl allometrically expanding, basally inflated, attaining ~ 95 % of total height. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~ 38 %). Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate, prosocline at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~ 78 %), far below shoulder, below mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 75 % of total height. Columellar lip slightly strongly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 35 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip not developed. Umbilicus fully sealed by very prominent, thickened, pad-like, often strongly convex callus. Parietal callus very long (~ 80 %), strongly thickened with prominent adapical swelling, slightly expanding, with straight margin. Anterior lobe fused with parietal and umbilical callus. Basal fasciole solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern and operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603CFFC8FF00FEE6FA8BF861.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) is a unique species due to its often strongly allometrically grown last whorl with the suture shifting far below the shoulder of the penultimate whorl. Its small size and elongate outline distinguish it distinctly from Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885). In addition, its thick, pad-like umbilical callus is highly characteristic and separates it from other Circum-Mediterranean Neogene Pseudolinices species. Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus is quite variable in shape, which might be a result of its adaptation to strong environmental fluctuations (see below). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic. Occurrences from the Korneuburg Basin in Austria indicate mudflats of coastal lagoons (Harzhauser 2002) and Bałuk (1995, p. 198) suggested that Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus was also a brackish-water species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603CFFC8FF00FEE6FA8BF861.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Helfens, Hipples, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Leobendorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Rückersdorf, Stetten, Weinsteig, Wetzleinsdorf (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002; hoc opus). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica, Małoszów (Poland) (Friedberg 1923; Bałuk 2006); Pannonian Basin: Herend-Marko, Várpalota (Hungary) (Hörnes 1856; Strausz 1966); Timok Basin: Pivinčka Reka (Serbia) (Popović & Gagić 1969): Borod Basin: Borehole 575 at Cetea (Romania) (Popa & Chira 1999); Mehadia Basin: Valea Calvei, Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603AFFCDFF00FF3BFC02F8D3.taxon	description	Figs 31 – 33	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603AFFCDFF00FF3BFC02F8D3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SL: 16.0 mm, MD: 16.2 mm, Tarnoruda (Ukraine), illustrated in Friedberg (1923: pl. 26, fig. 9); we are not aware of the whereabouts of the type material. Illustrated material. 5904 / 126, SL: 34.6 mm, MD: 36.8 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 33 A 1 – A 4. SPSU 3 / 458, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 30.6 mm, syntype of Natica eximia Eichwald, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 127, SL: 24.8 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 32 C 1 – C 4. PIN 5904 / 128, SL: 19.8 mm, MD: 20.2 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 32 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 129, SL: 38.7 mm, MD: 37.2 mm, Ripyntsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32 A 1 – A 4. PIN 5904 / 130, SL: 25.4 mm, MD: 24, 7 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32 B 1 – B 4. PIN 5904 / 131, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 21.2 mm, Ripyntsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32 C 1 – C 4. PIN 5904 / 132, SL: 20 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 31 A 1 – A 4. PIN 5904 / 133, SL: 25.4 mm, MD: 25.8 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 32 B 1 – B 4. Revised description. Medium sized to large, solid, globose shell; about as high as wide or slightly wider (SL / MD = 1.0). Spire moderately high turbiniform with convex whorls; apical angle 106 – 123 °. Protoconch low turbiniform; transition into teleoconch unclear. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with moderately broad subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Last whorl moderately expanding, slightly inflated, attaining ~ 90 % of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 40 %). Growth lines prominent, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate, prosocline at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 75 – 85 %). Aperture attaining 70 – 78 % of total height. Columellar lip strongly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 18 – 33 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak to subobsolete. Umbilicus from largely sealed by very broad, semi-circular umbilical callus with flat to slightly convex surface to half opened, restricted abaperturally by almost flat columellar callus with straight rim adapically and rounded one abapically. Rim of columellar callus gradually sunken in all cases, especially abapically, due to very broad umbilical callus separated from umbilical wall by narrow chink. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 44 %), strongly thickened by adapical swelling, with distinctly concave margin. Anterior lobe developed to absent. Parietal callus and umbilical callus broadly fused. Basal fasciole solid, rounded. Operculum with smooth outer surface or with one distinct marginal groove along outer rim, and with flat central callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603AFFCDFF00FF3BFC02F8D3.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pseudolinices staszici seems to be another species endemic to the late Badenian of the Fore-Carpathian Basin. It displays considerable variability in columellar callosity. Two morphs predominate: one is characterized by its broad columellar callus filling the umbilicus completely, although some specimens of this morph have a slightly constricted columellar callus, leaving a narrow umbilical chink. A thickened and adapically expanding parietal callus is characteristic for this morph, which thus is close to Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885). The second morph is characterized by a reduced columellar callus covering only about half of the umbilicus. Intermediates between these extreme morphs occur. The apparent broad umbilical chink of a shell from the Pannonian Basin, identified as Polynices staszici by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1950) does not represent that species, but is a pathological specimen of Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603AFFCDFF00FF3BFC02F8D3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów (Nadrichne), Zgłobice (Poland); Dibrova, Gorodok, Lisogirka, Postolivka (on river Zbruch), Ripyntsi, Smotrich (village), Stara Pisochna, Tarnoruda, Tsikova, Varivtsi, Velyka Levada, Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Oles’ko, Yaseniv (Lviv Region), Shushkivtsi, Staryi Pochaiv, Zalistsi, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1923; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus); Moldovan Platform: Bursuc, Gîrbova (Moldova) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFCCFF00FA82FF73FA66.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Natica glaucinoides J. Sowerby, 1812; subsequent designation by Bucquoy et al. (1883: 143). Eocene, British Isles.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	description	Figs 34 A – C, 35 A	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: PIN 5904 / 115, SL: 14 mm, MD: 14.4 mm, Belaya River, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 34 A 1 – A 4, 35 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: PIN 5904 / 116, SL: 11.7 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Novo-Kuvinsk, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 34 B 1 – B 4. PIN 5904 / 117, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Otradnaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 34 C 1 – C 4. Type locality. Belaya River, Russia. Type stratum. Aleuritic clay. Age. Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Oleg V. Amitrov, explorer of Paleogene gastropods.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, robust, globose shell with moderately low conical spire, narrow subsutural shelf, moderately expanding last whorl, wide and deep umbilicus, fully reduced funicle; strongly thickened parietal callus fused with solid, elongate-trigonal umbilical callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	description	Description. Small, robust, globose shell of five whorls (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Embryonal shell of less than one whorl, spirally sculptured. Number of protoconch whorls unknown. Spire moderately low conical; apical angle 118 – 133 °. Suture linear, narrowly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly concave subsutural shelf. Shoulder angulation absent to faint. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~ 95 % of total height. Periphery placed just below mid-whorl (~ 45 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, most prominent at adapical suture, weak at periphery. Several prominent growth lines occur on terminal third of last whorl. Aperture wide, Dshaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 80 – 85 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 75 – 77 % of total height. Columellar lip broad, strongly reinforced; basal lip solid, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 12 – 17 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip subobsolete. Umbilicus wide (~ 17 %), deep with prominent growth lines, with rounded or weakly angled periphery. Parietal callus long (~ 50 %), strongly thickened, with prominent swelling at adapical tip, with straight to weakly concave margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thick, narrow. Funicle not visible. Umbilical callus elongate trigonal, fused with parietal callus. Basal fasciole broad, rounded. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euspira amitrovi nov. sp. is a very rare Tarkhanian naticid of the Eastern Paratethys, which occurs together with Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830). It is superficially reminiscent of Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. from the Central Paratethys but differs in its robust, umbilical callus, which is fused with the columellar callus and in its reduced funicle. The Early Miocene Cochlis gebhardti nov. sp. has a similar umbilicus with broad, low funicle but has a weaker parietal callus and its last whorl is more expanding. Zhgenti (1991: pl. 42, fig. 8) illustrated a late Konkian shell from Privol’nyi, which was originally illustrated in Zhgenti (1981: pl. 10, fig. 1) as Chokrakian shell deriving from Sychevaya Mountain near Khopersk (rightly Michurinskii, earlier known as Khoperskii). The first interpretation seems to be correct because the shell indeed looks like Euspira amitrovi and Sychevaya Mountain is known as Chokrakian locality with numerous redeposited Tarkhanian shells. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Belaya River (Adygea), Novo-Kuvinsk (Karachay-Cherkessia), Otradnaya (Krasnodar Krai), Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali (Georgia) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66037FFC0FF00FADCFA98FD66.taxon	description	Figs 2 J, 36 A – D Natica helicina Brocc. — Hörnes 1856: 525 (pars), pl. 47, fig. 7 [not fig. 6 = Euspira vinitor nov. sp.]	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66037FFC0FF00FADCFA98FD66.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0968 a, SL: 23.8 mm, MD: 22.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 7), Figs 36 A 1 – A 4. Illustrated material. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 00445 a, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 19.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Fig. 2 J. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0968 b, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 23.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 36 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 00445 a, SL: 21.9 mm, MD: 19.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 36 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 00445 b, SL: 22.6 mm, MD: 21.9 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 36 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 00445 b, SL: 20.3 mm, MD: 19.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0968, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0241 / 0001, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 17 spec., NHMW 1997 z 0178 / 1807, Ritzing (Austria); 10 spec., NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0436, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium sized, weakly elongate-globose, solid shell of ~ 4.5 teleoconch whorls; usually slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = 1.0 – 1.1). Protoconch low turbiniform, of 2.75 convex whorls. Spire moderately elevated, low conical; apical angle 115 – 127 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, low subsutural cord and narrow, weakly concave subsutural shelf delimited by prominent shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~ 88 – 95 % of total height, moderately convex below shoulder, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 43 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and delicate at periphery. Aperture moderately wide D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 75 %), slightly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 68 – 76 % of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip broad, reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 18 – 25 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 13 %), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 57 %), strongly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus prominent, expanding, relatively narrow. Funicle close to anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, depressed, narrow forming prominent semicircular knob, separated from anterior lobe by narrow transverse groove. Abapical sulcus broad, weakly concave. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern of uniform tan.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66037FFC0FF00FADCFA98FD66.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885) is characterized by the weak subsutural cord, narrow subsutural shelf with distinct shoulder angulation and the knob-like funicle, which is separated by a narrow groove from the prominent anterior lobe of the parietal callus. Despite these features, it was mixed up by Hörnes (1856) and in the collection of the NHMW with other small Naticidae species, such as Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) and Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp., which were all misidentified as ‘ Natica helicina’. Euspira protracta differs in its higher spire and simple umbilical callus. Payraudeautia profunda has a comparable outline but differs in its prominent spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66037FFC0FF00FADCFA98FD66.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau (Austria) (hoc opus), Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1981); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria); Pannonian Basin: Devecser, Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	description	Figs 2 N, 37 A 1 – A 4	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2024 / 0240 / 0002, SL: 17.3 mm, MD: 18.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2 N, 37 A 1 – A 4. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Incus, Latin for anvil, referring to the knob-like umbilical callus; noun in apposition.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, depressed globular shell with low conical spire, strongly expanding last whorl, narrow umbilical groove with knob-like umbilical callus and prominent anterior lobe of parietal callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	description	Description. Small, depressed globular shell of four teleoconch whorls; slightly wider than high (SL / MD = ~ 0.9); spire low conical of strongly convex whorls, apical angle 125 °. Protoconch poorly preserved, low turbiniform of about two convex whorls. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with indistinct subsutural ramp, poorly delimited by widely rounded shoulder. Periphery and base strongly convex. Last whorl strongly inflated, attaining ~ 90 % of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 44 %). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete, prosocline at periphery. Aperture D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~ 80 % of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 87 %), slightly below shoulder. Opercular ride weak. Columellar lip strongly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip not preserved. Columellar angle ~ 28 °. Parietal callus long (~ 58 %), strongly thickened with prominent adapical swelling and deeply concave margin; not expanding over base. Anterior lobe moderately thick, forming short tongue. Umbilicus narrow (~ 9 %), moderately deep, reduced to semicircular groove; funicle not visible. Umbilical callus knob-like, semicircular, separated from anterior lobe by concavity. Basal fasciole solid, weakly angled towards aperture.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its knob-like umbilical callus delimited by a relatively narrow umbilical groove. Euspira umbilicocarinata Robba, Pedriali & Quaggiotto, 2016, from the Late Miocene of Italy, is reminiscent of Euspira incus nov. sp. but has a smaller umbilical knob (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 10, fig. 5). Note that an opercular ridge can be present in Polinicinae although their operculum is not calcified. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	description	Figs 2 K, 38 – 39	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1890 / 0001 / 0336 a, SL: 30.2 mm, MD: 25.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 38 B 1 – B 4. Paratypes: NHMW 1890 / 0001 / 0336 b, SL: 33.3 mm, MD: 29.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 38 A 1 – A 4, 39 B 1 – B 3. NHMW 1890 / 0001 / 0336 c, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 20.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2 K, 38 C 1 – C 4, 39 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1873 / 1615 / 0017 a, SL: 25.0 mm, MD: 22.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 39 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1873 / 1615 / 0017 b, SL: 14.9 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 39 D 1 – D 3. Additional material. 7 spec., NHMW 1873 / 1615 / 0017, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), 14 spec., NHMW A 1260, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0231 / 0004, SL: 25.8 mm, MD: 25.1 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 38 D 1 – D 4. MD: 29.4 mm, coll. Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39 E 1 – E 2. SL: 27.6 mm, MD: 25.8 mm, coll. Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39 F 1 – F 2. SL: 24.3 mm, MD: 24.9 mm, coll. Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39 G 1 – G 2. MD: 23.4 mm, coll. Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39 H 1 – H 2. Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of our friend Didier Merle (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) in recognition of his contributions on fossil Muricidae.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, solid, ovate-naticiform shell with high spire and high last whorl, ovate umbilicus narrowed by trigonal umbilical callus fused with thickened parietal callus, color pattern of close set, moderately large, dark spherical dots on light background.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, solid, ovate-naticiform shell of about four teleoconch whorls; distinctly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1 – 1.2). Protoconch high conical of about two convex whorls. Spire high conical, slightly gradate, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 100 – 115 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, moderately convex to faintly concave subsutural ramp; shoulder weak, rounded. Last whorl high, weakly expanding, attaining ~ 85 % of total height; moderately convex below shoulder, regularly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 43 %). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture relatively narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 75 %), slightly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 65 % of total height. Columellar lip slightly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 25 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 13 %), deep, ovate to semicircular. Parietal callus long (~ 57 %), strongly thickened, with slightly adapical swelling, not expanding over base, with straight margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, fused with narrow, trigonal umbilical callus. Basal fasciole solid, broad, rounded, with prominent growth lines. Color pattern of close set, moderately large, uniform, dark spherical dots on light background.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its solid shell, relatively high spire of convex whorls and color pattern of large, close-set dots. The color pattern is intense under UV-light and at the Weitendorf locality in the Styrian Basin, the dots are preserved as black color due to the heating of a basalt-flow, which covered the shells during the time of deposition. Herein, we treat the shells from Weitendorf (Austria) as conspecific with those from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) but note that the Weitendorf specimens are somewhat stockier and the dots are often slightly elongate and not always uniform in size. Note that an opercular ridge can be present in Polinicinae although their operculum is not calcified. Euspira merlei nov. sp. is highly reminiscent of Euspira vinitor nov. sp. and could be easily confused. Differences are subtle but consistent: E. merlei nov. sp. has a thicker shell and a faint shoulder, its suture is less incised, it has a shorter parietal callus and a wider umbilicus with thicker but smaller umbilical callus. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, from the Badenian of Ukraine, differs in its conical spire with less incised suture and much wider umbilical callus. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, lagoonal environments with sea grass (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: Weitendorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.taxon	description	Figs 40 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1861 / 0045 / 0153, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 21.8 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40 D 1 – D 4. Paratypes: NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1011, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 20.2 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1011 a, SL: 22.8 mm, MD: 21.2 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1011 b, SL: 23.5 mm, MD: 21.8 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 1861 / 0045 / 0153 a, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 23.9 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic). NHMW 1861 / 0045 / 0153 b, SL: 25.8 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic). Additional material. 36 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0045 / 1520, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, elongate-globose, solid shell with narrow subsutural shelf, weakly convex below, strongly convex at periphery and base; umbilicus narrow, deep, narrowed by trigonal umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe and thick parietal callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, elongate-globose, solid shell; usually slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Protoconch not preserved. Spire moderately elevated, conical; apical angle 100 – 112 °. Suture linear, adpressed [note that the canaliculate appearance in some specimens is due to preservation]. Teleoconch whorls with very narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf; no clear shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~ 90 % of total height, weakly convex below subsutural shelf, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 42 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and delicate at periphery. Aperture moderately wide D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 82 %), slightly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 71 – 73 % of total height. Columellar lip slightly concave, basal lip broad, reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 20 – 31 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 14 %), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 58 %), narrowing umbilicus to narrow, semicircular to ovate chink. Parietal callus strongly thickened, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus prominent, only slightly expanding. Funicle covered by umbilical callus. Umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe of parietal callus, forming trigonal shield-like callus. Basal fasciole weak, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euspira moravica nov. sp. differs from Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) in its slightly larger size, lower spire, much lower last spire whorl and narrower umbilicus with more prominent anterior lobe of the parietal callus. Euspira merlei nov. sp. has a more elongate-ovate shell and has a wider umbilicus. Similarly, Euspira vinitor nov. sp. is larger, has a higher spire, and a larger umbilicus. Paleoenvironment. The accompanying fauna suggests shallow marine environments (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.taxon	description	Figs 2 L, 41 – 43 * N [atica]. protracta m. — Eichwald 1830: 218. Natica hemiclausa Sow. — Pusch 1837: 101, pl. 9, fig. 16 [non Euspira hemiclausa (J. de C. Sowerby, 1824)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.taxon	description	Natic [ca]. protracta m. — Eichwald 1853: 255.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): ZI RAS 62196, SL: 14 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Tarnoruda, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41 B 1 – B 2. Paralectotypes: SPSU 3 / 464, SL: 12.5 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Zhukivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41 C 1 – C 3, and one poorly preserved specimen from the same locality, stored together with ZI RAS 62196. Illustrated material. PIN 5904 / 135, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, Yaseniv, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0005 a, SL: 14.6 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Fig. 2 L. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0005, SL: 21.7 mm, MD: 18.9 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 42 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0006, SL: 20.4 mm, MD: 16.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 42 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0007, SL: 19.9 mm, MD: 18.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2 L, 42 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0008, SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 14.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 42 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 136, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Novo-Kuvinsk, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43 A 1 – A 4. 5904 / 137, SL: 14.6 mm, MD: 12.5 mm, Shirvanskaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43 B 1 – B 4. PIN 5904 / 138, SL: 17.4 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Belaya River, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43 C 1 – C 4. PIN 5904 / 139, SL: 11.9 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Shirvanskaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 140, MD: 2.2 mm, Shirvanskaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 44 A 1 – A 2. Paratethyan synonyms. Natica pavida Zhizhchenko, 1934 was originally described from the Tarkhanian of the River Terek (Georgia) (Zhizhchenko 1934) and was subsequently reported (partly as ‘ Natica helicina ‘) from other Middle Miocene localities of the eastern Paratethys by Liwerowskaya (1937), Volkova (1955) and Zhizhchenko (1959). The illustrated specimens do not differ from Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) and we assume the Eastern Paratethyan occurrences are conspecific with the Central Paratethyan species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.taxon	description	Revised description. Small to medium sized, solid, ovate shell, distinctly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1 – 1.2). Protoconch small, turbiniform, transition to teleoconch unclear; protoconch I with granulose, evenly spaced spiral threads over abapical two-thirds. Spire strongly elevated, conical; apical angle 97 – 122 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls occasionally with faint subsutural cord; narrow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by indistinct, rounded shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~ 85 % of total height, weakly convex below subsutural ramp, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~ 47 %). Growth lines moderately prominent and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and delicate to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture relatively narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~ 70 %), far below shoulder, at mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 60 – 65 % of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip broad, reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 24 – 28 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 15 %), ovate, deep with prominent growth lines, partly narrowed by umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~ 67 %), strongly thickened, relatively narrow, rectangular, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus only slightly expanding, trigonal. Funicle weak, low, covered by umbilical callus. Umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe, forming trigonal shield-like callus. Basal fasciole solid, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern uniform tan.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This is the most misinterpreted Paratethyan naticid species, although Eichwald (1830, 1851, 1852, 1852) provided good descriptions and illustrations of this quite characteristic species. It has been frequently confused with the Pliocene Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814) and lumped with specimens of Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp., Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) and Cochlis pseudoprotracta nov. sp. with which it occurs in enormous masses in offshore clay of the Baden Formation in the Vienna Basin. The status of Euspira helicina was settled by Pedriali & Robba (2008 b) by designating a neotype from the Pliocene of Italy. Accordingly, Euspira protracta differs from the Italian species in its higher spire and the weak anterior lobe (see Pedriali & Robba 2008 b: figs 1 B – C; Pedriali & Robba 2009: pl. 1, figs 12, 16 – 18, pl. 3, fig. 8). Note that the discussion on Euspira protracta in Pedriali & Robba (2009: 398) refers to specimens from the Hemmoorian of the North Sea Basin, for which the name Euspira germanica (Nordsieck, 1972) might be the first available name (see Stein et al. 2016: 53). Similarly, records discussed by Glibert (1952 b), Janssen (1969, 1984) and Nordsieck (1972) as E. protracta probably represent E. germanica, which differs from the Paratethyan species by its lower spire, globular last whorl and more prominent anterior lobe. Note that the North Sea species was also listed as Euspira mioaperta (Kautsky, 1925) by Landau et al. (2013), which however, might rather represent a second species. A specimen from Privol’nyi (Russia) might represent a late Konkian occurrence of E. protracta in the Eastern Paratethys, but the poor preservation does not allow a clear identification (5904 / 141, Figs 44 B 1 – B 2). Paleoecology. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021). In contrast, specimens from the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin derive from shallow marine, inner neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova, Gorodok, Gryts’kiv, Tarnoruda, Stara Pisochna, Varivtsi, Zavadyntsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Rydomyl’, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Eichwald 1853; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (Eichwald 1853); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Danube Basin: Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia) (Hladilová & Fordinál 2013); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Kuzmice (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1964); southern Pannonian Basin: Čaklovica, Hrvaćani, Jazovac, Malinovac, Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Devecser (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi (Romania) (Stancu & Andreescu 1968; Dacian Basin: Viişoara – Brăteşti (Romania) (Ionesi & Ionesi 1972); Tyrnene, Trifonovo, Urovene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Black Sea Lowland: Tomakivka (Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine) (Mikhailovsky 1903). Ciscaucasia: Belaya River (Adygea), Benoi-Yassy River (Chehchnya), Khadyzhinsk, Cape Litvinova, Otradnaya, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai), Novo-Kuvinsk, Mount Sychevaya (redeposited in Chokrakian) (Karachay-Cherkessia), Terek River near Vladikavkaz (North Ossetia), ravine Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai) (Russia) (Volkova 1955, Zhizhchenko 1934); Transcaucasia: Badzhi, Gorisa, Chkumi, Muguti, Norio, Sachkhere, Shalauri, Tiniskhidi, Uplistsikhe, Vakha (Georgia) (Liwerowskaya 1937; Bagdasaryan 1970; Ananiashvili 1985; hoc opus).? Late Konkian (Middle Miocene): Privol’nyi (Russia) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D.taxon	description	Figs 45 A 1 – A 4	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MPUM 11744, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 12.2 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 28.1 a – b), Figs 45 A 1 – A 4. Paratype: MZB 32150, SL: 9.9 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 28.12 a – b). For additional paratypes see Pedriali et al. (2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D.taxon	description	Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 175).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019 is close to Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) due to its elongate ovate shell but differs in its conical spire with less convex whorls, the more prominent anterior lobe, which obscures most of the umbilicus. This species was described from late Badenian of the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin and we assume that it is part of the endemic radiation of gastropods in this region (Harzhauser et al. 2024). Nevertheless, specimens from the Karpatian of Slovakia described by Tejkal et al. (1967) are strikingly similar and might represent an additional stratigraphically older occurrence. Paleoecology. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Slovakian Basin: Ďurkovce, Dolné Príbelce (Slovakia) (Tejkal et al. 1967). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66048FFBCFF00F935FF6EFD3E.taxon	description	Figs 45 B 1 – B 4 * Natica helicina Brocc. var. Styriaca Bau. — Bauer 1900: pl. 1, fig. 13.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66048FFBCFF00F935FF6EFD3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz, UMJG & P 5560, SL. 17.3 mm, MD: 15.8 mm, St. Florian (Austria), illustrated in Bauer (1900: pl. 1, fig. 13), Figs 45 B 1 – B 4. Revised description. Small, globose-ovate shell of about four teleoconch whorls; only slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Protoconch not preserved. Spire elevated, conical, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle ~ 115 °. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, subsutural shelf; faint, rounded shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, regularly convex, attaining ~ 92 % of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~ 48 %). Growth lines delicate, prosocline. Aperture moderately wide, ovate, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 81 %), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 78 % of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip not preserved. Columellar angle ~ 15 °. Presence of opercular ridge unknown. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 13 %), deep, funnel-shaped. Parietal callus long (~ 52 %), weakly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thin, trigonal, fused with narrow, trigonal umbilical callus. Funicle subobsolete, very broad, low. Basal fasciole broad, solid, weakly angled close to aperture. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66048FFBCFF00F935FF6EFD3E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This is a poorly known species documented from a single specimen. Euspira moravica nov. sp. and Euspira vinitor nov. sp., are superficially similar but differ in their larger size and the much narrower umbilicus. Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) has comparable umbilical features but differs distinctly in its high spire and elongate-ovate outline. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66048FFBCFF00F935FF6EFD3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: St. Florian (Austria) (Bauer 1900).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	description	Figs 46 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0076 a, SL: 23.1 mm, MD: 22.6 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 46 B 1 – B 4. Paratypes: NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0076 b, SL: 27.9 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 6), Figs 46 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0076 c, SL: 30.3 mm, MD: 27.6 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 46 C 1 – C 4. Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Silty sand of the Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Vinitor, Latin for winemaker (noun in apposition), referring to the occurrence in the wine cellars in the region of Grund (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, ovate shell with elevated spire and strongly convex spire whorls, high last spire whorl; umbilicus narrow, largely covered by trigonal umbilical callus, fused with thick parietal callus with straight margin.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, ovate, solid shell of ~ 4.5 teleoconch whorls; usually slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = 1.0 – 1.2). Protoconch high conical, of> two moderately convex whorls, poorly preserved. Spire elevated, high to moderately high conical with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 92 – 100 °. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls lacking subsutural shelf and shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~ 85 – 90 % of total height, weakly convex below adapical suture, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 41 %). Growth lines delicate, prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline at periphery. Aperture moderately narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~ 70 %), below periphery of penultimate whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 61 – 70 % of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 21 – 31 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 11 %), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus strongly thickened, not expanding over base, with straight margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thickened, not expanding, poorly delimited from parietal callus. Funicle weak, fully hidden by trigonal umbilical callus, fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Hörnes (1856) confused this species with Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814), from the Pliocene of Italy, which differs in its more globose outline, due to its lower spire, and in its wider anterior parietal lobe (see Pedriali & Robba 2009: pl. 1, figs 12 – 13). Euspira moravica nov. sp. has similar umbilical features but differs in its lower spire and low spire whorls. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, from the Badenian of the Ukraine, has a similarly high spire but less convex whorls and a less incised suture. Its parietal callus is longer and the umbilical callus shorter. Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). The preservation suggests an origin from sandy, inner neritic environment.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	description	Figs 47 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0035 a, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 21.1 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0035 c, SL: 25.2 mm, MD: 20.9 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0035 d, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 17.9 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0035 f, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 18.9 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47 D 1 – D 4. NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0035 b, SL: 22.3 mm, MD: 19.3 mm, Ritzing (Austria). NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0035 e, SL: 21.8 mm, MD: 19.2 mm, Ritzing (Austria). 23 spec., NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0035 g, Ritzing (Austria). Type locality. Ritzing (Austria), Oberpullendorf Basin. Type stratum. Ritzing Formation. Age. Late Badenian (Serravallian), Middle Miocene.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Katrin Vohland, director general of the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, ovate-naticiform with high, conical spire; weakly concave subsutural ramp; moderately wide, semicircular umbilicus, thickened parietal callus and anterior lobe fused with trigonal umbilical callus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, ovate-naticiform, moderately solid shell of ~ 4.5 teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL / MD = 1.1 – 1.2). Protoconch poorly preserved, conical, of> two convex whorls. Spire strongly elevated, high conical with moderately convex whorls; apical angle 75 – 80 °. Suture linear, weakly incised. Teleoconch whorls with broad, faintly concave subsutural ramp and convex shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~ 80 % of total height, weakly concave below adapical suture, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 44 %). Growth lines delicate, prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~ 73 %), below periphery of penultimate whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 60 % of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 17 – 31 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 15 %), semicircular, deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 54 %), strongly thickened, not expanding over base, with straight margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thickened, weakly expanding. Funicle weak, fully hidden by trigonal umbilical callus, fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euspira vohlandae nov. sp. is characterized by its drop-shaped outline with high, conical spire. Morphologically, it is closest to the early Badenian Euspira vinitor nov. sp., which differs in its more globose last whorl, the much narrower umbilicus and the larger anterior parietal lobe. The spire whorls in E. vinitor are well rounded, whereas in E. vohlandae there is a steep subsutural ramp. Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) is smaller, has a higher last whorl with more convex subsutural ramp, and has a lower spire. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, has a slenderer, elongate-ovate outline with weakly incised suture and has a much narrower umbilicus. Paleoecology. Sandy, coastal marine, inner neritic (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	description	Figs 46 D 1 – D 4	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MFN 21041, University Vienna, Institute for Paleontology, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 12.0 mm, Fels am Wagram (Austria), illustrated in Steininger (1963: pl. 10, figs 9 a – b), Figs 46 D 1 – D 4. Type locality. Fels am Wagram (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Sand of the Fels Formation. Age. Early Miocene, Eggenburgian.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to Wagram, a hill range in Lower Austria.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, thin-shelled, globose-ovate shell with weakly elevated spire, strongly convex whorls, regularly convex, weakly expanding last whorl, thin parietal callus and thin, trigonal parietal callus, covering small part of relatively narrow umbilicus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	description	Description. Small, thin-shelled, globose-ovate shell of about 4.5 teleoconch whorls; only slightly wider than high (SL / MD = ~ 1.0). Protoconch not preserved. Spire elevated, conical, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle ~ 110 °. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf; shoulder subobsolete, rounded. Last whorl weakly expanding, regularly convex, attaining ~ 87 % of total height. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~ 52 %). Growth lines delicate, prosocline. Aperture moderately wide, ovate, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 78 %), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 67 % of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip thin, outer lip very thin. Columella angled at umbilicus. Columellar angle above angulation ~ 45 °. Presence of opercular ridge unknown. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 13 %), deep. Parietal callus short (~ 35 %), thin, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, thin, fused with narrow, relatively thin, trigonal umbilical callus. Funicle subobsolete. Basal fasciole weak, broad, rounded. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was identified by Steininger (1963) and Steininger et al. (1971) as Euspira johannae (Mayer-Eymar, 1859), which was originally described from the Langhian of the Loire Basin (France). Both species have an almost identical outline, but the French species has a much wider umbilicus (see Mayer-Eymar 1895: 160, pl. 7, fig. 2; Glibert 1952 b: 70, pl. 5, fig. 9). The Pliocene Mediterranean Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814) is larger, has a broader spire and a thicker, larger umbilical callus, and a more prominent anterior parietal lobe (see Pedriali & Robba 2009: pl. 1, figs 12 – 13). Paleoecology. Sandy, coastal marine, inner neritic (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Fels am Wagram (Austria) (Steininger 1963).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	description	Figs 45 C – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	materials_examined	Illustrated material. Euspira sp. 1, PIN 2220 / 296, SL: 7.6 mm, MD: 7.1 mm, Gup, Abkhazia, Late Miocene, early Maeotian, Figs 45 C 1 – C 4. Euspira sp. 2, PIN 2220 / 297, SL: 6.3 mm, MD: 5.8 mm, Gup, Abkhazia, Late Miocene, early Maeotian, Figs 45 D 1 – D 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Both specimens are juvenile shells and might not reflect the morphology of fully grown specimens. While the shells are similar in size, specimen PIN 2220 / 296 differs in its more solid and abapically broader parietal callus, the less rounded adapical part of the whorl and by the smoother junction of the whorls at the shallower suture. Therefore, the two specimens might represent two different species. Other specimens, except for those illustrated by Iljina (1972) and Iljina et al. (1976), were not found in her collection, although she mentioned numerous naticids from the same interval and locality during her field trips in the years 1964 and 1967 (unpublished field reports of Iljina). Material comes from clayey sands and clays with shelly bands in the upper part of the lower Maeotian. Based on Iljina’s field reports, the illustrated specimens were collected on the right bank of the Galidzga River near Chatsvkit (also mapped as Chatsvkyt or Chatskit) and not from the vicinity of Gup (Gupi) as mentioned in the papers and on the labels. Maybe the specimens represent cases of planktonic immigrations into the Eastern Paratethys from an adjacent basin without forming autochthonous Eastern Paratethyan populations. Eastern Paratethys. Early Maeotian (Late Miocene): Transcaucasia: Galidzga River near Chatskvit (Abkhazia) (Iljina et al. 1976).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	description	Genus Figovina nov. gen.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp., Badenian (Middle Miocene, Serravallian), Ukraine.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From фиговина (figovina), Russian slang for an incomprehensible object or object of unclear use.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small globular shell with shallow subsutural ramp and wide, open umbilicus covered to various degree by strongly expanding and heavy anterior lobe of parietal callus, without funicle; abapical sulcus delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	description	Description. As for type species. Included species. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp., Badenian (Middle Miocene), Ukraine; Natica (Lunatia?) szobiensis Strausz, 1959, Badenian (Middle Miocene), Hungary; Natica helicina sarmatica Friedberg, 1938, Sarmatian (Middle Miocene), Poland.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Two of the species united herein in Figovina nov. gen. have been placed in Euspira by Harzhauser (2002) and Mandic et al. (2008). The large anterior lobe of the parietal callus and the spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus abapically exclude this placement. The spiral ridge is reminiscent of Payraudeautia, but this genus does not form a large anterior lobe. Figovina may be an offshoot of Euspira, lacking a funicle.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	description	Figs 48 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: PIN 5904 / 142, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Figs 48 A 1 – A 5. Paratype: PIN 5904 / 143, SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Figs 48 B 1 – B 4. Type locality. Yaseniv (Ukraine), Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin. Type stratum. Unknown. Age. Middle Miocene, late Badenian (Serravallian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after type locality.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, globular shell with straight, shallow subsutural ramp and wide, open umbilicus covered adapically by far expanding and heavy anterior lobe of parietal callus; without funicle; abapical sulcus delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	description	Description. Small, globular shell of 4.5 whorls; as wide as high (SL / MD = 1.0); spire low, apical angle 126 – 128 °. Protoconch with smooth initial whorl, not clearly delimited from teleoconch. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Whorls with shallow, straight subsutural ramp, delimited by slight spiral depression. Periphery and base convex. Last whorl inflated, attaining 95 % of total height. Periphery at mid-whorl (~ 50 %). Growth lines faint and prosocline in apical view, prosocyrt near suture, delicate and prosocline at periphery. Aperture D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~ 78 % of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 80 %), slightly above periphery. Parietal callus long (~ 55 %), strongly thickened with adapical swelling and weakly concave margin; strongly expanding abapically, covering adapical half of umbilicus. Columellar lip slightly constricted just below parietal callus, strongly thickened below, forming right-angled, narrow, flattened callosity together with basal lip. Columellar angle ~ 20 °. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 20 %), open, deep; without visible funicle, delimited abapically by more or less prominent spiral ridge sharply sloping towards interior of umbilicus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp. is intermediate between Figovina szobiensis (Strausz, 1959) and Figovina sarmatica (Friedberg, 1938) concerning the length of the anterior lobe of the parietal callus. This lobe is much longer in F. szobiensis but shorter on F. sarmatica. In addition, Figovina sarmatica is much smaller and thin-shelled. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp. seems to be another species endemic to the late Badenian of the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Yaseniv (Lviv Region, Ukraine) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB5FF00FA97FDD4FAA7.taxon	description	Figs 48 C – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB5FF00FA97FDD4FAA7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): SL: 8.5 mm, MD: 8.0 mm, Chmielnik (Poland), not seen by us, illustrated in Friedberg (1938: text-fig. 15). Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0242 / 0001, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, Siebenhirten (Austria), illustrated in Papp (1954: pl. 9, fig. 12), Figs 46 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0242 / 0002, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 8.6 mm, Siebenhirten (Austria), illustrated in Papp (1954: pl. 9, fig. 13), Figs 46 D 1 – D 4. NHMW 2024 / 0242 / 0004, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 6.9 mm, Siebenhirten (Austria), Figs 46 E 1 – E 3. Additional material. 21 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0242 / 0005, Siebenhirten (Austria). Revised description. Very small globose-ovate shell of about four teleoconch whorls; only slightly higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1). Protoconch not preserved. Spire weakly elevated, broad conical, with very weakly convex whorls; apical angle ~ 105 – 130 °. Suture linear, narrowly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly concave subsutural ramp; faint, rounded shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, regularly convex, attaining ~ 92 % of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 43 %). Growth lines delicate, prosocline. Aperture moderately wide, ovate, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 87 %), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 80 – 85 % of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 20 – 30 °. Opercular ridge not developed. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~ 13 %), deep, semicircular. Parietal callus very long (~ 61 %), weakly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus prominent, thickened, fused with narrow, trigonal umbilical callus. Funicle subobsolete, very broad, low. Basal fasciole broad, solid, rounded. Umbilicus abapically delimited by spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB5FF00FA97FDD4FAA7.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This is the only naticid species from the Sarmatian of the Paratethys Sea but was restricted to the early Volhynian part of the Sarmatian, comparable to the turritellid Ptychidia sarmatica (Papp, 1954) (Harzhauser & Landau 2019). Its Badenian ancestor might be Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp. Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) is much larger and differs in its higher spire. Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885) is morphologically similar but is larger and differs in its bifid anterior lobe and umbilical callus. Paleoecology. Shallow marine, inner neritic, partly in vicinity of tidal mudflats (Mandic et al. 2008).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB5FF00FA97FDD4FAA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Sarmatian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Chmielnik, Dwikozy (Poland), Zalistsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), (Friedberg 1938); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Hollabrunn / Aspersdorf (Austria) (Mandic et al. 2008); Vienna Basin: Hauskirchen, Hautzendorf, Mistelbach, Nexing, Siebenhirten, Vienna / Nussdorf, (Austria) (Papp 1954; Papp 1974; Reischütz 2000; Harzhauser & Piller 2011), Podivín (= Kostel) (Czech Republic) (Papp 1954); Danube Basin: Lontov (Slovakia) (Nováková et al. 2020); Pannonian Basin: Galgagyörk (Hungary) (Boda 1959); Dacian Basin: Belotintsi, Dolna Byala, Deleina, Drazhintsi, Kula, Pisarovo, Staropatitsa, Studeno Buche, Voinitsi (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva 1969); Moldavian Platform: Florești (Moldova) (Simionescu & Barbu 1940).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C.taxon	description	Figs 2 M, 49 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: M 5, specimen illustrated in Strausz (1959: pl. 3, figs 18 – 22), SL: 9 mm, MD: 14 mm, Szob (Hungary). We have not been able to trace the type specimens, which might be stored in the Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary, Budapest. Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0243 / 0001, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 15.6 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 2 M, 49 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2024 / 0243 / 0002, SL: 17.6 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 49 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0243 / 0003, SL: 14.8 mm, MD: 16.4 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 49 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0243 / 0004, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 15.5 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 49 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. 30 spec. NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0298, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), 1 spec., 1860 / 0001 / 0310, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic); 63 spec., NHMW 2016 / 0177 / 0451, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Small, robust, spherical to depressed globose shell of ~ 3.5 teleoconch whorls (SL / MD = ~ 1.0 – 1.5). Protoconch poorly preserved, low conical with weakly convex whorls. Spire low conical, to weakly elevated; apical angle 135 – 140 °. Earliest teleoconch whorls narrowly coiled, later whorls strongly widening. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with moderately wide, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~ 95 % of total height. Periphery regularly convex, below mid-whorl (~ 41 %). Growth lines weak and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture relatively narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 85 %), distinctly below shoulder, above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 75 % of total height. Columellar lip broad, reinforced; basal lip thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 16 – 22 °. Weak opercular ridge in outer lip. Umbilicus reduced to moderately narrow (~ 14 %), deep, circular opening. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 48 %), slightly thickened, with concave margin, grading into large, tongue-shaped, moderately thickened anterior lobe, forming conspicuous umbilical callus adherent and following outer umbilical wall until about ¼ of whorl before aperture. Funicle covered by umbilical callus. Umbilicus abapically delimited by spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Basal fasciole rounded, thickened with prominent growth lines. No color pattern preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is unique among Paratethyan Naticidae due to its large, tongue-shaped anterior lobe, which encloses most of the umbilicus, leaving a narrow opening. Euspira subobturata sensu Robba et al. (2016: pl. 10, figs 2 – 4) (non Sacco, 1891), from the Burdigalian and Langhian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), might be a closely related species but differs in the shorter anterior lobe. The original Euspira subobturata (Sacco, 1891), from the Pliocene of Italy, differs in its elongate-ovate outline and less prominent anterior lobe (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 10, fig. 1). The Pliocene Mediterranean Natica virguloides Sacco, 1890 is superficially reminiscent of Figovina szobiensis due to its tongue-shaped umbilical callus, but this structure is much smaller than in the Paratethyan species and consequently the umbilicus is much wider (Pedriali & Robba 2005: pl. 6, figs 11 – 15). The recent South African Natica queketti G. B. Sowerby III, 1894 is very similar to Figovina szobiensis in outline, size and umbilical features, but has a shorter ‘ tongue’ and a generally less excessive umbilical callus. The extant species is currently placed in Natica by Torigoe & Inaba (2011), but this placement will need confirmation. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Stetten, Niederkreuzstetten, Weinsteig (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (hoc opus). Carpathian Foreland Basin: Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966). Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Popa et al. 2014). Genus Payraudeautia Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Nerita intricata Donovan, 1804; original designation by Bucquoy et al. (1883: 137). Present-day, British Isles.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605EFFA9FF00FBF1FC8AFDAA.taxon	description	Figs 50 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605EFFA9FF00FBF1FC8AFDAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, No. 2843, Institut Royal Des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, SL: 16.6 mm, MD: 15.5 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Glibert (1952 a: pl. 1, fig. 2), Figs 50 A 1 – A 4. For a CT-scan of the holotype see: https: // sketchfab. com / 3 d-models / rbins- 2843 - polynices-catena-plesiotype-b 7991 a 56 e 63 b 45669052 dd 812 c 4 ecc 84 Illustrated material. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0009, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 15.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 50 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0010, SL: 16.1 mm, MD: 14.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 50 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0012, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 19.5 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 50 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0011, SL: 16.4 mm, MD: 15.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0013, SL: 14.3 mm, MD: 15.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0014, SL: 14.0 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0015, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 15.4 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). Revised description. Small, ovate-globose shell of four teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.1); spire moderately high, conical, apical angle 108 – 112 °. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with faint subsutural cord, shallow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by widely rounded shoulder. Periphery and base regularly convex. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining 90 % of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 45 %). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture narrowly D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~ 65 % of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 72 %), at or slightly below periphery, far below shoulder. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip solid, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 15 – 25 °. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 49 %), strongly thickened with concave margin; not expanding over base. Anterior lobe moderately thick expanding, sub-triangular. Umbilicus wide (~ 17 %), deep; funicle forming narrow, raised cord deep in umbilicus with narrow adapical sulcus and wider, deeply concave abapical sulcus, delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Umbilical callus triangular, fused with anterior lobe but with slight notch between anterior lobe and umbilical callus. Basal fasciole solid, weakly angled towards aperture, with prominent growth lines. Color pattern uniformly tan.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605EFFA9FF00FBF1FC8AFDAA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Glibert (1952 a) listed this species as Polynices helicina f. badensis (Partsch), although there exists no publication by Partsch in which this species would have been mentioned or described. Consequently, the authorship has to be passed to Glibert (1952 a). Glibert (1952 a) established this species as subspecies (or ‘ forma’) of Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814), but the umbilical features with the characteristic spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus exclude a close relation with this Pliocene species and places this species in the genus Payraudeautia. Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) was confused in the collection of the NHMW with specimens described herein as Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830), which has a similar outline but lacks a spiral ridge and a cord-like funicle. The late Miocene-Pliocene Payraudeautia fasciolata (Sacco, 1890) and the Pliocene to recent P. intricata (Donovan, 1804) are both lower spired with a more globose last whorl, and a more developed funicular callus (see Pedriali & Robba 2009: pl. 2, figs 11 – 14). Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605EFFA9FF00FBF1FC8AFDAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (= Hołubica) (Friedberg 1923); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa (Poland) (Bałuk 1970); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E.taxon	description	Figs 51 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MPUM 11746, SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 29.1 a−d), Figs 51 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: MPUM 11747, SL: 4.5 mm, MD: 4.6 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 29.2 a−c), Figs 51 B 1 – B 4. For more paratypes see Pedriali et al. (2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E.taxon	description	Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 175).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its subcircular umbilical callus, which is separated by a small notch from a small anterior parietal lobe and by a sharply raised spiral ridge delimiting the abapical sulcus. Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp. differs in its much broader, trigonal umbilical callus. Payraudeautia volhynia (d’Orbigny, 1852) has a much more prominent anterior parietal lobe. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	description	Figs 2 O, 52 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0444 b, SL: 16.1 mm, MD: 17.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 52 A 1 – A 4. Paratypes: NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0016, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 17.5 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 52 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0017, SL: 18.9 mm, MD: 18.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 52 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0018, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 17.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2 O, 52 D 1 – D 4. Additionalparatypes. 5 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0019, BadVöslau (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1937 / 0002 / 0308 a, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1908, pl. 11, fig. 27); 37 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0445, Möllersdorf (Austria); 20 spec., NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0292, Möllersdorf (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0291, Möllersdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0688, Jaroměřice (Czech Republic). Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty clay of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Profundus, Latin for deep, referring to the deep-water environment.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, depressed globular shell with weakly concave, shallow subsutural ramp and wide, open umbilicus with concave umbilical wall, narrow, raised funicle, and abapical sulcus delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	description	Description. Small, depressed globular shell of four teleoconch whorls; wider than high (SL / MD = 0.9); spire low, apical angle 116 – 131 °. Protoconch low turbiniform of about three convex whorls. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with faint subsutural cord, shallow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by slight angulation. Periphery and base convex. Last whorl inflated, attaining 90 % of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~ 47 %). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate and prosocline at periphery. Aperture D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~ 71 % of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 79 %), slightly above periphery, far below shoulder. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip solid, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 19 °. Parietal callus moderately long (~ 45 %), strongly thickened with adapical swelling and concave margin; not expanding over base. Anterior lobe moderately thick trigonal. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 16 %), open, deep; funicle forming narrow, raised cord deep in umbilicus with narrow adapical sulcus and wider, deeply concave abapical sulcus, delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Umbilical callus triangular, fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole solid, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern uniformly tan.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its depressed globose outline, weak shoulder, and the deep umbilicus with very prominent spiral ridge overhanging the umbilicus. The specimens were lumped with various Euspira species, due to their similar size and comparable color, although its umbilical features are quite distinctive. Payraudeautia ermesi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019 differs from Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp. in the presence of a broad, depressed funicle. Payraudeautia volhynia (d’Orbigny, 1852) differs in its higher spire, depressed funicle and massive anterior lobe. All three Paratethyan species have been reported from the shallow water deposits of Varivtsi (Ukraine), whereas Payraudeautia profunda is only known from offshore environments. Payraudeautia bituberculata Robba, Pedriali & Quaggiotto, 2016, from the Tortonian of Tetti Borelli (Italy), differs in its rounded knob on the parietal callus. Payraudeautia obelixi Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen 2018, from the Tortonian of France, differs in its adapical position of the aperture, and the knob-like anterior parietal lobe (Landau et al. 2018: pl. 41, figs 1 – 2). Payraudeautia fasciolata (Sacco, 1890), from the Tortonian of Tetti Borelli and Montegibbio (Italy), differs in its weaker parietal callus and narrower umbilical callus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 12, figs 2 – 3). Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) differs in its high spire and the weak notch between the anterior parietal lobe and the umbilical callus. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Friedberg 1923); Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek (Poland) (Krach 1981); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf (Austria); Jaroměřice (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) (Tomašových 1998); Pannonian Basin: Devecser, Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Mehadia Basin: Valea Calvei, Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Islaz (Romania) (Rado & Muţiu 1970), Staropatitsa (Bulgaria) (Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	description	Figs 53 A – F	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, specimen illustrated in Dubois de Montpéreux (1831: pl. 2, figs 34, 35), late Badenian, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type material, which is most probably lost. Illustrated material. MPUM 11749, SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, holotype of Payraudeautia sabrinae Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 30.1), Figs 53 C 1 – C 4. PIN 5904 / 144, SL: 10.1 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Gorodok (Ukraine), Figs 53 D 1 – D 4. 5904 / 145, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Figs 53 E 1 – E 3. PIN 5904 / 146, Gorodok (Ukraine), Fig. 53 F. MPUM 11754, holotype of Payraudeautia varovtsiana Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, SL: 5.0 mm, MD: 5.0 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 31.1 a−c), Figs 53 A 1 – A 4. Paratype of Payraudeautia varovtsiana Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019, MPUM 11755, SL: 5.2 mm, MD: 5.1 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 31.2 a−c), Figs 53 B 1 – B 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	description	Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 180). Paratethyan synonyms. Payraudeautia sabrinae Pedriali, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2019 is characterized by its small, globular shell with faint shoulder angulation and massive, tongue-shaped anterior parietal lobe and prominent spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus. These distinctive features are well depicted in the illustration drawn by Dubois de Montpéreux (1831: pl. 2, fig. 35), who had confused this small species with the French Eocene Cochlis epiglottina (Lamarck, 1804). The French species differs quite clearly in its semicircular umbilical callus and narrow umbilical channel (see Robba et al. 2016, pl. 1, figs 13 – 14). Consequently, d’Orbigny (1852) proposed Natica volhynia as name for the specimen described by Dubois de Montpéreux (1831). This name was overlooked by all subsequent authors including Pedriali et al. (2019). Therefore, we treat their P. sabrinae as subjective junior synonym of Natica volhynia d’Orbigny, 1852. Mayer-Eymar (1895) was the first to place the Paratethyan species in Payraudeautia. Specimens identified by him as this species from the Langhian of the Loire Basin in France, however, are very unlikely to be conspecific, given the endemic character of the late Badenian fauna of the Polish-Ukrainian Foreland Basin.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pedriali et al. (2019: 180) described the protoconch as small, turbiniform, of 1.5 − 1.6 convex whorls. We cannot confirm this based on our material, which does not show a clear separation between protoconch and teleoconch. The earliest part of the protoconch bears delicate spirals (Fig. 53 D 5). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Pidhirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Lisogirka, Sataniv, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Shushkivtsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Dubois de Montpéreux 1831; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus). Genus Robbanacca nov. gen.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Polinices cerovaensis Harzhauser in Harzhauser, Mandic & Schlögl, 2011, Early Miocene, Slovakia, Central Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Combination of Robba and Nacca, in honor of Elio Robba (university of Milano, Italy) in recognition of his contributions to Neogene malacology.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, elongate ovate shell with very low, nearly planispiral protoconch, moderately high spire, ovate last whorl; thin parietal callus with expanding, knob-like anterior parietal lobe separated from plug-like, swollen umbilical callus by deep transverse groove; umbilicus reduced to narrow chink.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	description	Description. See description for type species. Included species. Only the type species is known.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Robbanacca is most similar to the Indo-West Pacific genus Polinella Marwick, 1931 [type species Uber obstructus Marwick, 1924, Late Miocene, New Zealand]. Polinella comprises small to medium sized, ovate shells with high last whorl and a weakly expanded parietal callus with prominent anterior parietal lobe. Its parietal callus is about the same size as the anterior lobe, filling the umbilicus to various degrees. Typically, two transverse grooves appear on the abapical part of the anterior lobe and on the umbilical callus. Species placed herein in Polinella are Uber modestus Marwick, 1924, Uber esdailei Marwick, 1924 and Uber incertus Marwick, 1924, all from the Cenozoic of New Zealand, but probably also Pliconacca martini Ladd, 1972 from the Early Miocene of Vita Levu on Fiji (Ladd 1972: 8, figs 8 – 9) and Natica (Lunatia) atricapilla Martin, 1884 from the Early Miocene of Indonesia (Leloux & Wesselingh 2009: 102, pl. 202, figs 10 – 11). Despite the similarities with Robbanacca, the formation of the umbilical features is not homologous in the two genera. Polinella lacks a plug-like umbilicus, whereas Robbanacca lacks the transverse groove on the umbilical callus. A second group of morphologically similar species from New Zealand comprises the Early Miocene Uberella cicatrix Marwick, 1931, the Pliocene Uberella cicatricella Marwick, 1965 and the Pleistocene to Recent Natica denticulifera Marwick, 1924. These three species form a phylogenetic lineage of mainly bathyal species (Beu & Maxwell 1990), which might also be close to Polinella (see Marwick 1924 and Beu & Maxwell 1990 for illustrations). Natica denticulifera Marwick, 1924 is currently listed by MolluscaBase eds. (2024) (following Spencer et al. 2209) in Uberella Finlay, 1928 [type species Natica vitrea Hutton, 1873, present-day, New Zealand], but the type species Uberella vitrea lacks transverse folds and has a narrow parietal callus. Species of Polinella were placed in Pliconacca Cossmann & Martin in Martin (1914) by Ladd (1972), Majima (1989) and Robba et al. (2016). The genus Pliconacca was based on Natica (Pliconacca) trisulcata Martin, 1914 from the Eocene of Java (Cossmann 1925). This species has a depressed ovate outline and is characterized by a peculiar umbilical structure with a thin parietal callus and moderately thickened, expanding, semicircular umbilical callus with two long, prominent transverse folds, which do not touch each other. The most prominent, central fold coincides with the anterior parietal lobe. A third much weaker fold appears on the parietal callus and a fourth very weak fold is developed at the abapical termination of the umbilical callus. The umbilicus is reduced to a relatively wide chink (see Leloux & Wesselingh 2009: pl. 204, figs 6 – 15, pl. 205, figs 1 – 4). Therefore, it differs in shape from the elongate ovate Polinella and the formation of its umbilical features is not homologous. Similarly, the placement of the Late Miocene Natica manoharae Beets, 1942, from Indonesia, in Pliconacca, is incorrect, because its folds are fused and heart-shaped like in Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929 (see Beets 1942: pl. 26, figs 40 – 45). Glossaulax [type species Natica reclusiana Deshayes, 1839; present-day, California] is distinguished from Robbanacca (as well as from Pliconacca and Polinella) by its thick, plug-like umbilical callus composed of two completely fused lobes, separated by a narrow transverse groove. We assume that Pliconacca is restricted to the Eocene of Indonesia. Paleoenvironment. Bathyal (Harzhauser et al. 2011).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Only known from the Karpatian (Early Miocene) of Cerová-Lieskové (Slovakia) in the Vienna Basin (Harzhauser et al. 2011).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	description	Figs 54 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its nearly planispiral protoconch, elongate-ovate outline, knob-like anterior lobe and plug-like umbilical callus, which are separated by a deep transverse groove. We did not trace any similar species in the literature, which might result from the fact that Miocene bathyal mollusc faunas are rarely reported. Robbanacca cerovaensis (Harzhauser in Harzhauser, Mandic & Schlögl, 2011) was placed in Pliconacca by Robba et al. (2016: 195), which is rejected herein, as we do not consider the umbilical features of the Eocene Indonesian Pliconacca to be homologous (see discussion above). Moreover, Robba et al. (2016: 195) assumed a close relation between Robbanacca cerovaensis and Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887, which was also placed in Pliconacca by these authors. This relationship is unlikely, as Natica plicatulaeformis and Natica prohelicina (Sacco, 1890) both differ from Robbanacca cerovaensis in their globular outline, marked subsutural axial plicae and the open umbilicus, which lacks a plug-like umbilical callus. Moreover, the protoconch of N. plicatulaeformis and N. prohelicina is low turbiniform. Therefore, these two species are separated herein from Robbanacca and Pliconacca and are placed in Tethynices nov. gen. Paleoenvironment. Upper bathyal soft bottoms (Harzhauser et al. 2011).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Early Miocene (Karpatian): Vienna Basin: Cerová-Lieskové (Slovakia). Genus Tethynices nov. gen.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887. Middle Miocene, Czech Republic, Central Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Combination of Tethys, referring to the Tethys Ocean, and - nices from Polinices.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium sized, globose shell with weakly elevated spire composed of strongly convex whorls; suture narrow but deeply incised; prominent prosocline subsutural axial plicae in apical view; spherical last whorl and narrow open umbilicus with prominent, thickened parietal callus passing into small, tongue-like anterior parietal lobe, fused with narrowly trigonal umbilical callus; with weak to subobsolete transverse groove below anterior lobe.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	description	Description. See description for type species. Included species. Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887, Badenian (Middle Miocene), Czech Republic. Natica (Naticina) catena var. prohelicina Sacco, 1890, Burdigalian and Langhian of Italy (Sacco 1891: 67, pl. 2, fig. 38) [including synonyms: Natica (Naticina) catena var. ampullinoides Sacco, 1890 (Sacco 1891: 67, pl. 2, fig. 39); Natica (Naticina) catena var. cyclostomoides Sacco, 1890 (Sacco 1891: 68, pl. 2, fig. 40); Natica (Naticina) catena var. tauroumbilicata Sacco, 1891 (Sacco 1904: 102, pl. 22, fig. 27); Natica (Naticina) catena var. scalarioides Sacco, 1891 (Sacco 1904: 102, pl. 22, fig. 28); Natica (Naticina) catena var. subhemiclausa Sacco, 1891, Sacco 1904: 103, pl. 22, fig. 30)].? Pliconacca atricapilla sensu Majima, 1989 [non Martin 1884], Pliocene and early Pleistocene of Japan (Majima 1989: 64, pl. 1 figs 13 – 16).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Tethynices nov. gen. is characterized by its globose outline, convex spire whorls, prominent subsutural axial plicae and rather simple umbilical features with a weak transverse groove below the anterior parietal lobe. These features are developed by the Paratethyan Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887 and Natica prohelicina Sacco, 1891 from the Early Miocene of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Already Robba et al. (2016) recognized the similarities between these species and considered them to be conspecific. Herein, we do not follow this concept because Tethynices prohelicina attains more than twice the size of Tethynices plicatulaeformis being up to 23 mm in height. Moreover, the parietal callus is much weaker in T. prohelicina and its umbilicus is wider. Finally, T. prohelicina derives from coastal marine deposits of the Colli Torinesi (Burdigalian: Valle Ceppi, Langhian: Villa Forzano, Italy), whereas Tethynices plicatulaeformis is an offshore species. See Robba et al. (2016: fig. 12 / 10) for the protoconch of Tethynices prohelicina. The vague concept of Pliconacca (see discussion on Robbanacca nov. gen.) led Robba et al. (2016) to place the Miocene Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887 and Natica prohelicina Sacco, 1891 in Pliconacca. However, these species have an open umbilicus, and a single short transverse fold and are, in our opinion, unrelated to Pliconacca and Polinella. Instead, these species might be congeneric with an unnamed species from the Pliocene / Pleistocene of Japan, erroneously described by Majima (1989) as Pliconacca atricapilla. The Japanese species differs from the much older Indonesian Polinella atricapilla (Martin, 1884) in its globose outline, narrower and more convex subsutural ramp, and wider columellar angle (compare Leloux & Wesselingh 2009: pl. 202, figs 10 – 11 versus Majima 1989: pl. 1 figs 13 – 16). Herein, we tentatively also place the Japanese species in Tethynices nov. gen. Paleoenvironment. The type species was found in offshore clays, whereas Tethynices prohelicina (Sacco, 1890) derives from shallow marine environments and glauconitic sand.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Burdigalian and Langhian of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and Langhian (Badenian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.? Pliocene / Pleistocene of Japan (Kochi, Okinawa and Shizuoka Prefectures) (Majima 1989).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B.taxon	description	Figs 55 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Robba et al. 2016: 193), NHMW 1888 / 0001 / 0025 a, SL: 13.7 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Orlová (Czech Republic), illustrated in Kittl (1887, pl. 8, fig. 24), Figs 55 B 1 – B 4. Paralectotype, NHMW 1888 / 0001 / 0025 b, SL: 11.9 mm, MD: 11.4 mm, Orlová (Czech Republic), illustrated in Kittl (1887, pl. 8, fig. 23), Figs 55 A 1 – A 4. Revised description. Small, globose, solid shell of ~ 4.5 teleoconch whorls; as high as wide (SL / MD = 1.0). Protoconch low turbiniform, of about two moderately convex whorls, poorly preserved. Spire moderately elevated, broad conical with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 100 – 115 °. Suture linear, narrow, deeply incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow subsutural ramp and faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~ 90 – 94 % of total height, slightly less convex below shoulder, strongly and regularly convex at periphery and base. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~ 51 %). Growth lines very prominent on subsutural ramp, delimiting broad, flat prosocyrt plicae in apical view. Periphery smooth. Aperture ovate D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 80 %), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~ 70 – 75 % of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 30 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip unknown. Umbilicus narrow (~ 10 %), moderately deep with weak growth lines. Parietal callus long (~ 56 %), markedly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thickened, forming short tongue-like extension. No funicle visible. Umbilical callus narrowly trigonal umbilical callus, fused with anterior lobe, occasionally delimited from anterior lobe by weak transverse groove Basal fasciole rounded with weak growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B.taxon	discussion	Discussion. See discussion for Tethynices. Paleoenvironment. The assemblage from Orlová (Czech Republic) suggests offshore environments with muddy bottoms (own data M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Carpathian Foreland Basin: Orlová, Doubrava u Orlové, Ostrava (Czech Republic) (Kittl 1887). Genus Neverita Risso, 1826	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826, by monotypy (Risso 1826: 149). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66054FFA7FF00F8B6FBF7FDF6.taxon	description	Figs 56 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66054FFA7FF00F8B6FBF7FDF6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), GBA 1912 / 004 / 18 / 1, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 23.1 mm, Gauderndorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 15), Figs 56 A 1 – A 4. Paralectotype, GBA 1912 / 004 / 18 / 2, SL: 14.3 mm, MD: 17.8 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 6), Figs 56 B 1 – B 4. Revised description. Medium sized, depressed depressed-globose of about three teleoconch whorls; wider than high (SL / MD = ~ 0.9). Protoconch unknown. Spire depressed, broadly conical; apical angle 140 °. Suture linear, adpressed to insignificant. Teleoconch whorls with broad, moderately convex subsutural ramp; no shoulder. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~ 90 % of total height, weakly convex below subsutural ramp, moderately convex at periphery. Periphery below mid-whorl (~ 42 %). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture poorly preserved, very wide, ovately D-shaped, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~ 85 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 72 % of total height. Columellar lip slightly concave, basal and outer lips moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 13 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip unknown. Umbilicus largely filled by thick, kidney-shaped umbilical callus, covering funicle. Parietal callus long (~ 55 %), strongly thickened, slightly expanding over base, with straight margin or grading into base without clear margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus small, slightly thickened. Broad, deep umbilical channel encircling umbilical callus. Umbilical wall with prominent growth lines. Basal fasciole broad, rounded. Color pattern not preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66054FFA7FF00F8B6FBF7FDF6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Neverita manhartensis (Schaffer, 1912) is a poorly known species, documented by few poorly preserved specimens. Nevertheless, it differs from Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829) in its wide and deep umbilical channel, which justifies separation. Neverita antiqua (Saco, 1890) from the Rupelian of Italy is almost identical in outline and umbilical features and differs from N. manhartensis only in its strongly convex umbilical callus (see Sacco 1891: pl. 2, fig. 55, Robba et al. 2016: pl. 11, figs 3 – 4). Overall, N. manhartensis is closer to the Oligocene N. antiqua than to the Miocene N. olla. This relation might be supported by the fact, that it occurs already in the Late Oligocene of the Central Paratethys (Báldi 1973). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66054FFA7FF00F8B6FBF7FDF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Egerian (Late Oligocene / Early Miocene): Eger, Törokbálint (Hungary) (Báldi 1973). Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Belpberg, St. Gallen (Switzerland) (Pfister & Wegmüller 2007); Kaltenbachgraben, Ermingen (Germany) (Hölzl 1958; Höltke 2009); Gauderndorf, Mörtersdorf, Loibersdorf, Maria Dreieichen (Austria) (Schaffer 1912); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu & Negulescu 1964).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	description	Figs 2 P, 56 C, 57 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	description	N [atica]. glaucina Lam. — Pusch 1836: 543 [non Natica glaucina Linnaeus, 1758].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. The type material from the Miocene of France seems to be lost (Pedriali & Robba 2009: 404). Illustrated material. NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0055 a, SL: 32.3 mm, MD: 36.3 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 4), holotype of Natica perdofa De Gregorio, 1885, Figs 57 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 1853 / 0016 / 0014, SL: 19.2 mm, MD: 24.0 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 5), Figs 57 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0435, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 30.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 2 P, 57 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0236 / 0022, SL: 23.6 mm, MD: 27.0 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 57 D 1 – D 4. PIN 5904 / 147, SL: 20.3 mm, MD: 30.2 mm, Shushkivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 57 E 1 – E 2. PIN 5904 / 148, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, ravine Yaman-Dzhalga, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 57 F 1 – F 2. Additional material. 19 spec., NHMW 1850 / 0009 / 0013, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 14 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0056, Enzesfeld (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0601, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 10 spec., NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 1773, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 63 spec., NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0598, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1859 / 0037 / 0114, Baden (Austria); 14 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0035 / 0034, Kalladorf (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0300, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic). Revised description. Medium to large sized, depressed globose, very solid, often glossy shell of three teleoconch whorls; usually distinctly wider than high (SL / MD = ~ 0.8 – 0.9). Large, depressed turbiniform protoconch of 2.5 weakly convex whorls, diameter 1.1 mm. Spire depressed, broad conical; apical angle 135 – 150 °. Suture linear, adpressed to insignificant. Teleoconch whorls with broad, moderately convex subsutural ramp; shoulder weak, rounded. Subsutural ramp becoming slightly concave towards aperture. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~ 92 – 96 % of total height, weakly convex below subsutural ramp, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~ 31 %). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture very wide, ovately D-shaped, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~ 77 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 75 % of total height. Columellar lip slightly concave, basal and outer lips moderately thin. Columellar angle ~ 12 – 18 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus very wide, largely filled by thick, semicircular umbilical callus, covering funicle. Parietal callus very long (~ 62 %), strongly thickened, slightly expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, relatively thin. Distinct umbilical channel encircling umbilical callus. Basal fasciole weak, broad, rounded. Uniformly brownish tan.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	description	Paratethyan synonyms. De Gregorio (1885) separated a specimen from the Vienna Basin, illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 4), as Neverita perdofa. Morphologically, it is indistinguishable from Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829) as defined by Pedriali & Robba (2009) and Robba et al. (2016). The protoconch of the Paratethyan specimens, however, is larger (1.1 mm versus 0.8 – 0.9 mm for Miocene specimens from Italy in Robba et al. 2016). This difference is close to the 20 % difference, which was accepted by Pedriali & Robba (2005) as threshold to distinguish species. Pedriali & Robba (2009: 384) describe a brown suprasutural stripe in Neverita olla, which might be an additional feature to distinguish the uniformly brownish Paratethyan shells.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	discussion	Discussion. In our opinion, the enormous stratigraphic range of Neverita olla, which is listed by Robba et al. (2016) from the Rupelian to the Pliocene, strongly suggests that it represents an unresolved species complex. Therefore, we tentatively treat the Paratethyan occurrences as Neverita olla sensu lato. As pointed out above, Neverita perdofa (De Gregorio, 1885) would be available as a name for the Paratethyan shells. During the Pleistocene, Neverita olla was replaced by Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826, which differs in its paucispiral protoconch (Pedriali & Robba 2009; Landau et al. 2013; Pedriali et al. 2019). Pedriali et al. (2019) stated that Neverita would be missing from the late Badenian assemblages of the Polish-Ukrainian Foredeep and assumed that it was extirpated in the Central Paratethys following the Miocene Climate Transition. However, occurrences at Devínska Nova Ves (Slovakia), document that this species was still present at least in the Vienna Basin during the late Badenian (Švagrovský 1981). Paleoecology. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Stetten, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Wetzleinsdorf (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zgłobice (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); Shushkivtsi (Ukraine) (hoc opus); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund, Kalladorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld (Austria), Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) (hoc opus), Devínska Nova Ves (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1981); Cserhát Mountains: Mátraverebély (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Várpalota (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969 b; hop opus); Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969 b); Southern Pannonian Basin: Miljevići, Hrvaćani, Reljevac, Tešanj (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Grković 1963; Atanacković 1985); Prnjavor Basin: Reljevac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Eremija 1971); Krka Basin: Šentjernej, Gorenje Vrhpolje (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Timok Basin: Pivinčka Reka (Serbia) (Popović & Gagić 1969): Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971); Făget Basin: Buituri, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906; Moisescu 1955). Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Yaman-Dzhalga (Russia) (hoc opus). (Proto-) Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi (Italy) (Sacco 1904); Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian / Messinian (Late Miocene): Po Basin (Italy) (Sacco 1904; Venzo & Pelosio 1963; Davoli 1990), Tunisia (Stchepinsky 1938). Pliocene: Estepona Basin (Spain) (Landau & Harzhauser in press.), northeastern Spain (Martinell 1979), Roussillon Basin (France) (Fontannes 1879; Chirli & Richard 2008); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1904; Malatesta 1974; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Chirli 2008; Pedriali & Robba 2009; Sosso & dell’Angelo 2010); Tunisia (Fekih 1975).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	description	Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian / Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin (France) (Cossmann & Peyrot 1919; Lozouet et al. 2001). Langhian-Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin (France) (Cossmann & Peyrot 1919); Langhian: Loire Basin (France) (Glibert 1952 a). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Cacela Basin (Portugal) (Dollfus et al. 1903), southern Spain (Wenz 1942). Pliocene: Guadalquivir Basin (Spain) (Landau et al. 2011); Mondego Basin (Portugal) (Landau et al. 2013). North Sea. Late Burdigalian / Langhian (Early / Middle Miocene): Belgium (Glibert, 1952 b), Germany (Kautsky 1925; Janssen 1969; Wienrich 2001; Moths et al. 2010), Netherlands (Janssen 1984), Denmark (Sorgenfrei 1958).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FFA4FF00FCCAFB9BFBBD.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Nerita papilla Gmelin, 1791; by typification of replaced name; established by Fischer (1885: 768) as a substitute name for Naticina Gray, 1847, non Guilding, 1834. Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.taxon	description	Figs 58 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. The holotype described by Hilber (1879) from Pöls (Austria) is lost, SL: 15 mm, MD: 11 mm. Herein we designate a neotype: UMJG & P 60782, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Wetzelsdorf (Austria), Figs 58 B 1 – B 4. Illustrated material. UMJG & P 60782, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Wetzelsdorf (Austria), Figs 58 A 1 – A 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Martin Gross, paleontologist at the Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz (Austria) in recognition of his contributions to Miocene paleontology. Revised description. Small, fragile, ovate shell with acute, conical spire, higher than wide (SL / MD = ~ 1.3); apical angle 97 – 105 °. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, narrowly canaliculate. Teleoconch of about four whorls with wide, weakly convex subsutural ramp passing into convex periphery without angulation. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~ 49 %). Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~ 85 % of total height, moderately convex below periphery. Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and weakening towards periphery. Spiral sculpture of broad, flat cords, separated by shallow, narrow grooves. Spiral cords indistinct along periphery, most prominent over base. Aperture ovate, moderately wide with acute adapical tip, placed distinctly above mid-whorl (~ 86 %). Aperture attaining ~ 75 % of total height. Columellar lip weak, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 15 °. Opercular ridge in outer lip not developed. Umbilicus moderately wide (~ 16 %), deep with prominent growth lines and broad spiral cords. Parietal callus short (~ 20 %), weakly thickened, narrow. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak. Funicle absent. Basal fasciole weak, rounded with prominent growth lines and broad spiral cords. No color pattern preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Natica hoernesi Hilber 1879 is a junior homonym of Natica hoernesi Fischer & Tournouër, 1873. Therefore, we propose Eunaticina martingrossi as replacement name. Eunaticina striatella (Grateloup, 1828), from the Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin (France), differs in its much more depressed shell, wider aperture and wider umbilicus (Cossmann & Peyrot 1919: pl. 12 figs 49 – 50; Lozouet et al. 2001: pl. 18, fig. 5). A moderately preserved specimen described as Eunaticina striatella by Moreno et al. (2003) from the Middle Miocene of Spain seems to be conspecific with the Paratethyan species, suggesting a wider geographic distribution of this rare species. Eunaticina sp. from the Eocene of Cava Albanello (Italy), illustrated in Robba et al. (2016: pl. 7, fig. 8), differs in its lower spire and more globose outline. Paleoecology. Coastal marine, lagoonal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: Pöls, Wetzelsdorf (Austria) (Hilber 1879; hoc opus). Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902). Dacian Basin: Trifonovo (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Langhian (Middle Miocene): Sant Llorenç d’Hortons region: La Pedrera (Spain) (Moreno et al. 2003).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Sigaretus michaudi Michelotti, 1847; by monotypy (Sacco 1890: 38). Early Miocene, Italy.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF9AFF00FE1DFF51F936.taxon	description	Figs 2 Q, 58 C 1 – C 4, 59 B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF9AFF00FE1DFF51F936.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, NHMW 2013 / 0053 / 0001, SL: 18.5 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, locality unknown, most probably from the Austrian part of the Vienna Basin, Badenian (Middle Miocene), see below for discussion on locality; illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 46, fig. 28) and Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, figs 17 – 18), Figs 2 Q, 58 C 1 – C 4, 59 B. Revised description. Small, moderately fragile, auriculate shell of two teleoconch whorls, wider than high (SL / MD = 0.9). Protoconch depressed of 1.5, weakly convex whorls, diameter ~ 750 μm. Spire broadly conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 110 °. Suture narrowly incised. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~ 24 %). Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of 12 narrow, convex spiral cords separated by interspaces of subequal width. Slightly weaker secondary and tertiary cords intercalated on last whorl. Spiral cords weakly wavy on early whorls, slightly granulose due to interruptions by growth lines on last whorl; becoming weak with flattish tops towards aperture. Last whorl strongly expanding, with very broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, convex periphery placed mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining 96 % of total height. Base broadly convex with distinct spiral sculpture of narrow, convex primary and secondary cords; growth lines weak. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline, attaining 76 % of total height. No parietal callus. Columellar callus forming broad rim, narrowing umbilicus to deep, narrow chink (~ 5 %). Basal lip and outer lip thin. No color pattern preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF9AFF00FE1DFF51F936.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The holotype was described by Hörnes (1856) and Schaffer (1912) from the mid-Burdigalian locality Gauderndorf (Austria) in the North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin. The good preservation, however, excludes this provenance and the shell was most probably misplaced. Shells from Gauderndorf are usually leached and chalky. We assume that it derived from a Badenian (Middle Miocene) locality in the Vienna Basin. As already stated by Robba et al. (2016) Sigaretotrema exclathratum (Sacco, 1891) differs from Sigaretotrema michaudi (Michelotti, 1847), from the Rupelian to Burdigalian of Italy, in having a protoconch of only 1.5 whorls (instead of three), a less globose teleoconch with a more expanding last whorl, a wider aperture, and a narrower umbilicus. The depressed, flattish protoconch and obtuse apex distinguish Sigaretotrema exclathrata also from Sigaretotrema vindobonense nov. sp., which is larger, has fewer secondary spiral cords and more regular sculpture. Sigaretotrema deshayesi (Michelotti, 1847), from the Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differs in its more globose shell, narrower aperture and wider umbilicus (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 14, figs 7 – 8). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF9AFF00FE1DFF51F936.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Unknown, most probably Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Vienna Basin.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	description	Figs 2 R, 58 D 1 – D 4, 59 A	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0434, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 29.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 2 R, 58 D 1 – D 4, 59 A. Type locality. Enzesfeld (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty sand of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	etymology	Etymology. After Vindobona, the Roman name for Vienna.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, auriculate shell with moderately depressed spire and broad, weakly convex subsutural shelf, protoconch of 1.75 whorls. Sculpture of moderately broad, flat primary and secondary spiral cords with narrow tertiary threads, columellar callus forming broad rim.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, moderately fragile shell of 2.5 teleoconch whorls, wider than high (SL / MD = 0.9). Protoconch low turbiniform, of 1.75, convex whorls, diameter ~ 900 μm. Spire broad conical with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 122 °. Suture narrowly incised. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~ 25 %). Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of ~ 16 narrow, convex spiral cords separated by interspaces of subequal width. Slightly weaker, initially weakly granulose secondary spiral cords intercalated on late second teleoconch whorl. Primary and secondary cords becoming moderately broad with flat tops on last whorl, often with thin, narrow tertiary threads intercalated. Spiral cords weakly wavy due to interruptions by prosocyrt growth lines. Last whorl moderately expanding, with very broad, slightly convex subsutural ramp, convex periphery placed slightly below mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining 96 % of total height. Base broadly convex with distinct spiral sculpture of narrow convex primary and secondary cords; growth lines weak, slightly opisthocyrt. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline, attaining 82 % of total height. Parietal callus reduced to thin layer. Columellar callus forming broad rim, narrowing umbilicus to narrow chink (~ 4 %). Basal lip and outer lip thin. No color pattern preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is reminiscent of Sigaretotrema exclathratum (Sacco, 1891) but differs in its larger size, more depressed spire and larger protoconch. In addition, it develops more regular sculpture. Sigaretotrema deshayesi (Michelotti, 1847) and Sigaretotrema michaudi (Michelotti, 1847), from the Rupelian and Burdigalian of Italy, are smaller and have more globose shells (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 14, figs 7 – 9). Paleoenvironment. The deposits at Enzesfeld suggest inner neritic, coastal marine sandy environments (own data M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.taxon	description	Figs 2 S, 59 C – D, 60 B, 61 A – F	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.taxon	description	Sigar [etus]. affinis m. — Eichwald 1853: 257.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Pedriali et al. 2019: 187), ZI RAS 62208, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Zhukivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 61 E 1 – E 4. Illustrated material. 5904 / 149, SL: 18.8 mm, MD: 31.5 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian. Figs 61 F 1 – F 4. NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0605 a, SL: 15.5 mm, MD: 21.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 59 C, 61 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0605 b, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 17.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 61 B 1 – B 4. NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0605 c, SL: 12.0 mm, MD: 19.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2 S, 59 D, 61 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 1870 / 0037 / 0036, SL: 20.7 mm, MD: 27.5 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 61 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. M. 682107, SL: 10 mm, MD: 6 mm, Borsodbóta (Hungary), holotype of Sigaretus borsodensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 a; 11 spec., NHMW 2010 / 0004 / 0604, Figs 60 B 1 – B 2. Bad Vöslau (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0001 / 0278, Pöls (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0015 / 1008, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic). Revised description. Small, moderately fragile, depressed shell of two auriculate teleoconch whorls, wider than high (SL / MD = ~ 0.6 – 0.8). Protoconch low turbiniform of 2.7 convex whorls, diameter ~ 750 μm. Terminal part of first teleoconch whorl allometrically expanding, covering large part of initial first teleoconch whorl, resulting in somewhat ‘ heterostrophic’ appearance of early spire. Teleoconch of two whorls. Spire depressed conical; apical angle 134 – 148 °. Suture linear, weakly incised. Teleoconch whorls with very broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, occasionally becoming weakly concave close to aperture. No shoulder angulation. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~ 96 % of total height. Periphery convex, placed far below mid-whorl (~ 30 %). Growth lines weak on early teleoconch, prominent and prosocyrt in apical view on late last teleoconch whorl, subobsolete at periphery. Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of 12 – 16 broad, flat spiral cords separated by subequal grooves. Cords widening with flat tops, occasionally becoming bifid, resulting in rather regular sculpture of broad spiral cords. Spiral sculpture only slightly wavy due to intersections with growth lines on last quarter of last whorl. Base slightly convex with densely spaced delicate spiral cords, crossed by prominent, opisthocyrt growth lines close to aperture. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 87 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 80 – 85 % of total height. Columellar lip forming moderately broad, rim, detached from base. Basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 30 – 40 °. Umbilicus reduced to deep, narrow chink. Parietal callus short (~ 35 %), forming thin sheet-like callus. No color pattern preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.taxon	description	Paratethyan synonyms. Sigaretus borsodensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 (Figs 66 B 1 – B 2) is a subjective junior synonym of Sinum affine. Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969 a, 1969 b) did not state on which features she based her new species and did not refer to Sinum affine. Herein, we re-illustrate the type specimen, which does not differ significantly from Sinum affine. Therefore, we treat it as a subjective junior synonym.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Pedriali et al (2019), who had better preserved material at hand, described protoconch I as smooth and protoconch II with widely spaced axial riblets (see Pedriali et al. 2019: figs 33 / 4 a – c). Sinum affine (Eichwald, 1830) is a rather common species in the Central Paratethys Sea and is characterized by its moderate size, broad, flat spiral cords and the slightly heterostrophic early spire. Although, the specimen illustrated by Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 33 / 4) has a normally coiled spire, their fig. 33 / 1 shows the same heterostrophic whorls as the material from the Vienna Basin. Sinum affine is most similar to the Middle Miocene to Pliocene Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829), which occurs in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (Van Dingenen et al. 2016; Pedriali et al. 2019). It also has a slightly heterostrophic early spire (see Pedriali et al. 2019: fig. 33 / 8) and identical sculpture but has a smaller and differently sculptured protoconch with granules instead of axial riblets and a more depressed shell (Pedriali et al. 2019).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1923); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Lisogirka, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1923; Pedriali et al. 2019), Szczepanowice (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969 a, b); Pannonian Basin: Szob, Várpalota, Zebegény (Hungary) (Kecskemétiné Körmendy 1962; Strausz 1966; Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969 a, b); Southern Pannonian Basin: Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973);? Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Făget Basin: Buituri (Romania) (Moisescu 1955); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Tyrnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	description	Figs 2 T, 59 E – F, 62 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1854 / 0002 / 0072, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 36.6 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 46, figs 27 a – c), Figs 59 E, 62 B 1 – B 4. Paratypes, NHMW 2024 / 0239 / 0003, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 31.5 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 59 F, 62 C 1 – C 4. NHMW 2024 / 0239 / 0005, SL: 23.3 mm, MD: 32.4 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 62 A 1 – A 4. NHMW 1853 / 0010 / 0033, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 29.8 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 2 T, 62 D 1 – D 4. Additional material. NHMW 2024 / 0239 / 0004, SL: 18.2 mm, MD: 28.8 mm, Grund (Austria); NHMW 2024 / 0249 / 0001, 3 spec., Grund (Austria); 15 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0028, Grund (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 2024 / 0250 / 0001, Guntersdorf (Austria). Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Silty sand of the Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Magnificum, Latin for magnificent.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, depressed auriculate shell with moderately depressed spire; protoconch of 1.5 whorls, sculpture of broad, flat spiral cords developing into bifid and trifid groups, base flattish, devoid of spiral sculpture.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized, fragile, depressed shell of 2.75 auriculate teleoconch whorls (SL / MD = ~ 0.7 – 0.8). Protoconch broad turbiniform of 1.5 moderately convex whorls, diameter ~ 780 μm. Spire low conical; apical angle 130 – 135 °. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls with very broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, becoming weakly concave close to aperture. No shoulder angulation. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~ 90 – 95 % of total height. Periphery convex, far below mid-whorl (~ 39 %). Growth lines distinct and prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete at periphery. Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of 15 – 16 broad, flat spiral cords separated by narrow grooves. Interspaces widening slightly on second teleoconch whorl, cords becoming bifid and trifid forming distinct groups. Spiral sculpture often blurred or wavy due to intersections with growth lines on last quarter of last whorl. Base flattish with prominent, opisthocyrt growth lines, devoid of spiral sculpture. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~ 85 %), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~ 80 – 85 % of total height. Columellar lip forming moderately broad, rim, detached from base. Basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~ 34 – 38 °. Umbilicus reduced to narrow chink. Parietal callus short (~ 25 %), forming thin callus sheet. No color pattern preserved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This is the largest Sinum species in the Paratethys Sea, known so far only by a few specimens. Sinum striatum (De Serres, 1829), from the Pliocene of Italy, has a lower spire, is usually smaller and differs in its smaller protoconch (see Pedriali et al. 2019: fig. 33 / 8). Sinum striatum has simpler sculpture of broad spiral cords, which lack the deep splits of the cords of Sinum magnificum nov. sp. and its cords are not arranged in groups. Sinum patulum (Grateloup, 1847) (= Sinum aquense Récluz, 1851), from the Early Miocene of France, is smaller, has a higher shell and a larger protoconch (see Cossmann & Peyrot 1919: pl. 12, figs 47 – 48; Robba et al. 2016: pl. 15, figs 9 – 12). Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). The preservation suggests an origin from sandy, inner neritic environments, which would also fit with the occurrence from Enzesfeld (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund, Guntersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld (Austria) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66066FF93FF00FA20FEEBF8BA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is based on a fragmentary internal cast from Rengetsweiler in Germany. Even Quenstedt (1881: 266) emphasized that the specimen is unidentifiable but nevertheless he introduced a new name for it. We place it in Sinum, because Sigaretus Lamarck, 1799 is an objective junior synonym of Sinum.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66066FF93FF00FA20FEEBF8BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Rengetsweiler (Germany). Dubious records	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66066FF93FF00FCB3FEFDFAAD.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Steininger (1973) illustrated a poorly preserved Early Miocene specimen in apical view (SL: 15 mm, MD: 15 mm), which tentatively might be conspecific with Sinum patulum as revised by Robba et al. (2016). This species is widespread in coeval deposits in the northeastern Atlantic and Proto-Mediterranean Sea. We have not been able to trace the specimen. A second specimen was described by Răileanu & Negulescu (1964) from the Eggenburgian of the Transylvanian Basin in Romania. The illustration does not allow a clear identification, and we list the record here only for completeness.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66066FF93FF00FCB3FEFDFAAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Gernergraben, Kaltenbachgraben (Germany) (Steininger 1973).? Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu & Negulescu 1964)	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66067FF91FF00F90CFE01FF42.taxon	discussion	Discussion. A small, spherical species, which is reminiscent of Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885) but lacks its bifid anterior parietal lobe and umbilical callus. It might represent a juvenile Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830). General shape and umbilical features, with a narrow umbilical channel and narrowly semicircular umbilical callus might also point to a placement in Notocochlis Powell, 1933 [type species Cochlis migratoria Powell, 1927, = Notocochlis gualteriana (Récluz, 1844), present-day, Indo-West Pacific]. More material is needed to confirm this generic placement. Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian / Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Central Pontide Foreland Basin: Sinop region (Turkey) (Ilgar 2015).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66064FF91FF00FE8AFEABFD17.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The illustrated specimen is reminiscent of Euspira species with high conical spires, such as Euspira vinitor nov. sp. and Euspira vohlandae nov. sp. but the illustration in Ilgar (2015) seems to show a funicle with a semicircular umbilical callus, which make placement in Euspira doubtful. More material is needed to identify this species correctly. Eastern Paratethys. Konkian (Middle Miocene): Central Pontide Foreland Basin: Sinop region (Turkey) (Ilgar 2015).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66064FF91FF00FD7DFAE6FA9C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Grachevsky (1954) and Zhgenti (1981) provided poor illustrations of juvenile and undeterminable naticid shells from the Konkian below the Pholas Beds and from the Karaganian Varna Beds. Zhgenti refigured her shell later and erroneously dated it as coming from the upper Konkian of Privol’nyi, Russia. However, the shell actually originates from the so-called Ervilia Beds of the basal Konkian. Additional occurrences of “ Polinices helicina (Brocc.) ” were also documented from the basal Konkian of the Black Sea Lowland (Muratov & Nevesskaja 1986), and from Georgia (Bidzinashvili 1974: Natica sp.). Eastern Paratethys. Early Konkian (Late Miocene): Black Sea Lowland (Muratov & Nevesskaja 1986); Transcaucasia: Bakhioti, Doglauri, Metekhi (Georgia) (Grachevsky 1954; Bidzinashvili 1974; Zhgenti 1981).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66064FF91FF00FAF1FF6EF979.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Kharatishvili (1952) recorded several naticid species from the Sakaraulian of Georgia, based on poorly preserved material, with poor photos, also without apertural views. It excludes an adequate interpretation of the illustrated material. The descriptions by Kharatishvili (1952) do not provide information for identification. Eastern Paratethys. Sakaraulian (Early Miocene): Transcaucasia: Grakali, Kaspi (Georgia) (Kharatishvili 1952).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
