identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A687A6600FFFFAFF00FF3BFDFAF899.text	03A687A6600FFFFAFF00FF3BFDFAF899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naticidae Guilding 1834	<div><p>The Naticidae ( Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea–unraveling 160 years of species lumping MATHIAS HARZHAUSER, BERNARD M. LANDAU &amp; ALEKSANDR GUZHOV ( Zootaxa 5703)</p><p>120 pp.; 30 cm.</p><p>8 Oct. 2025</p><p>ISBN 978-1-77973-479-2 (paperback)</p><p>ISBN 978-1-77973-480-8 (Online edition)</p><p>FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2025 BY</p><p>Magnolia Press</p><p>P.O. Box 41-383</p><p>Auckland 1041</p><p>New Zealand e-mail: magnolia@mapress.com</p><p>https://www.mapress.com/zt</p><p>© 2025 Magnolia Press</p><p>All rights reserved.</p><p>No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing.</p><p>This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.</p><p>ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition)</p><p>ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6600FFFFAFF00FF3BFDFAF899	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66009FFFCFF00FB06FEA8F83A.text	03A687A66009FFFCFF00FB06FEA8F83A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naticinae Guilding 1834	<div><p>Subfamily Naticinae Guilding, 1834</p><p>Genus Cochlis Röding, 1798</p><p>Type species. Nerita vittata Gmelin, 1791; subsequent designation by Hedley (1916: 51). Present-day, west Africa to western Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Discussion. The distinctive characters of Cochlis were outlined by Pedriali &amp; Robba (2005) and are refined herein as follows: 1) protoconch low-turbiniform of 1.25–3.5 smooth whorls, protoconch I with spiral rows of granules in a few species, 2) teleoconch thin to solid, globose to depressed-globose, body whorl moderately expanded, 3) spire rather depressed to moderately elevated, 4) suture adpressed to channeled, 5) parietal callus thin to thick, short in most species, with poorly developed to indistinct anterior lobe, 6) umbilicus rather small to large, 7) funicle present, thread-like to thick, completely filling the umbilicus in a few species, 8) umbilical callus small to broad, separated from the parietal callus by a reverse J-shaped notch in most species, and 9) outer surface of the operculum with two or three marginal ribs. As already noted by Pedriali &amp; Robba (2005), the characters of the parietal callus, of the umbilicus, and of the operculum combined constitute the primary diagnostic elements of Cochlis .</p><p>The species belonging in the genus Natica are distinguished from those of Cochlis in that they have: 1) the anterior lobe of the parietal callus well developed, obscuring the adapical part of the umbilicus to a variable extent, 2) the funicle absent or vestigial, and 3) the umbilical callus absent to weak. The presence of a well-defined funicle (regardless of its strength) distinguishes Cochlis from Natica . The species of the genus Naticarius Duméril, 1806 have the teleoconch similar to that of Cochlis, but their opercula have the outer surface with many ribs instead of two or three.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66009FFFCFF00FB06FEA8F83A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66006FFF2FF00FF3BFCD8FF43.text	03A687A66006FFF2FF00FF3BFCD8FF43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis baconica (Kokay 1966) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis baconica (Kókay, 1966) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 3A–B</p><p>* Euspira baconica nov. sp. — Kókay 1966: 55, 111, pl. 7, figs 10–12.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: M277, Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary, Budapest, SL: 18.5 mm, MD: 17.5 mm, Herend (Hungary), illustrated in Kókay (1966: pl. 7, fig. 10), Figs 3A 1 –A 4.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0229/0001, SL: 28.8 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 3B 1 – B 4.</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, globose, robust shell of ~4.5 teleoconch whorls; as high as wide (SL /MD = 1.0). Protoconch unknown. Spire moderately elevated, gradate; apical angle 115–130°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, flat subsutural shelf delimited by very prominent shoulder. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~95% of total height, weakly convex below shoulder and at periphery. Periphery placed just below mid-whorl (~47%). Base weakly convex, nearly conical. Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and subobsolete at periphery. Aperture wide D-shaped, prosocline. Adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~85%), slightly above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining 78% of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip reinforced, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle 24°. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak. Umbilicus wide (~20%), deep, funnel-shaped with moderately prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long(~58%), slightly thickened, not expanding over base, with weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus subcircular, weakly expanding, relatively narrow. Funicle very weak, moderately narrow, delimited by narrow, concave abapical sulcus, terminating in indistinct, narrow callus fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole very prominent, thickened, sharply angled, forming distinct ridge. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum smooth with two marginal ridges, separated by narrower grooves; inner ridge slightly broader (illustrated in Kókay 1966: pl. 7, fig. 12).</p><p>Discussion. This is a very characteristic species due to its prominent subsutural shelf, marked shoulder, conical base, funnel-shaped umbilicus and sharply angled basal fasciole. Cochlis baconica (Kókay, 1966) is superficially reminiscent of the Pliocene Mediterranean Euspira magnesi Pedriali &amp; Robba, 2001, which differs in its low spire, lower last whorl, ovate aperture, and lacks a funicle (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2001: pl. 1, figs 1–3; Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009: pl. 1, fig. 20). Cochlis paragigantica nov. sp. might be a closely related species but differs in its much larger size at same growth stage, lacks the broad subsutural shelf, has a narrower umbilicus and weaker basal fasciole.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Herend (Hungary)</p><p>(Kókay 1966). Styrian Basin: Weitendorf (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66006FFF2FF00FF3BFCD8FF43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.text	03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis cuniculata Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2A, 4A–D</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata tigrina Defr.— Strausz 1954: 23, pl. 6, figs 133a–d [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)]. Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Strausz 1966: 225 (pars), pl. 48, figs 5, 9–10 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822</p><p>= Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2024 /0230/0001, SL: 24.7 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 2A, 4B 1 –B 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 2024 /0230/0002, SL: 27.4 mm, MD: 25.4 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 4A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 2024 /0230/0003, SL: 22.7 mm, MD: 23.8 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 4C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 2024 /0230/0004, SL: 23.3 mm, MD: 24.2 mm, Várpalota (Hungary), Figs 4D 1 –D 4 .</p><p>Additional paratypes. 33 spec., NHMW 2024 /0230/0005, Várpalota (Hungary) , 13 spec., NHMW 1997 z0178/2034, Várpalota (Hungary) .</p><p>Type locality. Várpalota (Hungary), Pannonian Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Sand of the Öskü Member of the Lajta Formation (Kókay 2013).</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Cuniculus, Latin for tunnel, referring to the deep and open umbilicus.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, globose shell with moderately low spire, narrow subsutural shelf, thin columellar lip and weakly expanding last whorl, umbilicus wide, open with faint, low, very broad funicle.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, glossy, globose shell of 4.5 teleoconch whorls; about as wide as high (SL/MD = 1.1–1.0). Spire moderately low with convex whorls; apical angle 113–125°. Protoconch low turbiniform, of ~2 smooth, convex whorls; transition into teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, moderately inflated, attaining ~90–92% of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~47%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, insignificant at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~87%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~80% of total height. Columellar lip thin, narrow, weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~21–29°. Opercular ridge in outer lip indistinct. Umbilicus wide (~45%), deep, with delicate growth lines. Parietal callus moderately long (~41%), slightly thickened, lacking significant anterior lobe. Central funicle very low and broad, poorly developed, occasionally adjoined abapically by faint spiral ridge. Umbilicus with slightly more prominent growth lines. Basal fasciole weak, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern not preserved in available material. Dense pattern of small dots according to Strausz (1954: pl. 6, fig. 133b). Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This species is the most common Naticidae at Várpalota but has been confused with the northeastern Atlantic, Early Miocene Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825), from which it differs clearly in its much wider, open umbilicus with subobsolete funiculus. Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. is reminiscent of Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830), concerning the wide umbilicus and weak funicle. They differ in the more expanding last whorl of C. eximia and its prominent parietal callus with weak anterior lobe. Morphotypes of Cochlis eximia, described as Cochlis odovychenorum by Pedriali et al. (2019), from the late Badenian of the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin, differ in their distinct anterior lobe of the parietal callus and the more prominent funicle.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Agitated sandy, coastal environments (own data, M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66007FFF1FF00FE8AFE9BFB7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.text	03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis degregorioi Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2B, 5A–D</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.—Hörnes 1856: 518 (pars), pl. 47, fig. 1 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1855 /0045/0785a, SL: 46.1 mm, MD: 47.1 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 1), Figs 5B 1 –B 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 1855 /0045/0785b, SL: 41.3 mm, MD: 41.9 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 2B, 5A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 1855 /0045/0785c (A860), SL: 38.7 mm, MD: 42.3 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 5 1 –C 4 . NHMW 1855 /0045/0785d (A860), SL: 39.4 mm, MD: 42.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 5D 1 –D 4. Additional paratypes: 3 spec. , NHMW 1857 /0028/0039, Grund (Austria).</p><p>Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Grund Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of the Italian paleontologist Antonio De Gregorio (1855–1930).</p><p>Diagnosis. Large, robust, globose shell with low conical spire, narrow subsutural shelf, moderately expanding last whorl, wide and deep umbilicus with broad, low, poorly delimited funicle; umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe of thickened parietal callus.</p><p>Description. Large, robust, globose shell of ~3.5 teleoconch whorls (SL/MD = ~1.0). Protoconch poorly preserved, of&gt;1.5 convex whorls. Spire low conical; apical angle 120–130°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, becoming weakly concave close to aperture. Shoulder angulation faint or subobsolete. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~93–95% of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~48%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~82%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~76–78% of total height. Columellar lip moderately broad, strongly reinforced; basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~25–28°. Opercular ridge in outer lip subobsolete. Umbilicus wide (~18%), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~59%), adapically strongly thickened, with concave margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus moderately thick, narrowly semicircular. Funicle prominent, very broad, depressed, not sharply delimited. Adapical sulcus deeply concave; abapical sulcus weakly concave. Umbilical callus semicircular, fused with anterior lobe of parietal callus, both separated by shallow concavity. Basal fasciole weak, rounded or faintly angled. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This species was lumped by Hörnes (1856) and in the collection of the NHMW with specimens of a species later described by Pedriali et al. (2019) as Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 . Both species are very similar in general shape but differ in the much larger size of Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. and in its broader, lower and less delimited funicle. Moreover, the parietal and umbilical calluses are fused in C. degregorioi but separate in C. ukrainensis . Cochlis sallomacensis (Tournouër, 1873), from the Langhian and Serravallian of France, differs in its more expanding last whorl, even wider umbilicus and the comparatively narrower funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 7, 9–10). The specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 1) was discussed by De Gregorio (1885: 88) as being very close to his Natica altavillensis De Gregorio, 1885 from the Pliocene of Italy. The Italian species was not illustrated by De Gregorio (1885) and was not mentioned by Pedriali &amp; Robba (2005, 2008a). Therefore, its relation to C. degregorioi remains enigmatic.</p><p>Cochlis degregorioi was confused by Hörnes (1856) with the extant Mediterranean Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 [= Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)], which differs in its narrow, raised funicle, which is situated in a more abapical position and in its prominent basal fasciole.</p><p>Paleoecology. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation and color of the fossil shells suggest that Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. belonged to the allochthonous shallow-water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66004FFF7FF00FA96FE5EFCAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.text	03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis eximia (Eichwald 1830) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 6–8</p><p>* N [atica]. eximia m.— Eichwald 1830: 218.</p><p>Natica glaucina Lin.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 44, pl. 3, figs 42, 43 [non Natica glaucina Linnaeus, 1758, nomen dubium].</p><p>Natica glaucinoides Sow.—Pusch 1836: 544 [non Euspira glaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812)].</p><p>Natica glaucinoides Sow.—Pusch 1837: 100, pl. 9, fig. 14 [non Euspira glaucinoides (J. Sowerby, 1812)].</p><p>[ Natica] exinia [sic]— Hauer 1837: 421.</p><p>Natica eximia — Eichwald 1840: 9.</p><p>Nat [ica]. eximia m.— Eichwald 1851: 123, pl. 10, fig. 42.</p><p>Natica eximia — Eichwald 1852: pl. 10, fig. 42.</p><p>Nat [ica]. eximia m.— Eichwald 1853: 254.</p><p>Natica Staszici Friedb. var. revoluta mihi– Friedberg 1923: 436 (pars), pl. 26, fig. 10, text-fig. 79 [not fig. 11 = Cochlis sp.].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lmk.— Liwerowskaja 1935: 24, pl. 2, fig. 20 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>[ Natica Staszici Friedb.] var. revoluta Friedb.— Friedberg 1938: 66 .</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Volkova 1955: 36 (pars), pl. 16, fig. 11 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>? Polinices (Euspira) catena var. helicina (Brocchi 1814) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 120, pl. 33, fig. 10 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Strausz 1966: 225 (pars), pl. 48, figs 6–8 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Polinices staszici var. revoluta (Friedberg, 1923) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 177, pl. 42, fig. 3.</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Volkova 1974: 93 (pars), pl. 15, fig. 11 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) tigrina sartaganica Zhg. subsp. nov. — Zhgenti 1981: 133, pl. 9, figs 1–7.</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Lmck.— Zhgenti 1981: 157, pl. 9, figs 8–9. [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Linné— Zhgenti 1991: 72, pl. 41, fig. 9. [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata tigrina Defrance— Zhgenti 1981: 72, pl. 42, figs 2–5 [not fig. 6–? Pseudolinices sp.].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Iljina 1993: 58, pl. 6, figs 12–14 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Cochlis millepunctata (Lamarck, 1822) — Ilgar 2015: 69, fig. 5B9 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Cochlis odovychenorum sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 162, figs 23.1−13.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SPSU 3 /459, SL: 33 mm, MD: 34.5 mm, Zalistsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 6A 1 –A 4 . Paralectotypes: SPSU 3 /455, SL: 24.2 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 6B 1 –B 4 . SPSU 3 /457, Staryi Pochaiv (Ukraine), late Badenian. SPSU 3 /461, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian. SPSU 3 / 463, three juvenile shells, Tarnoruda (Ukraine), late Badenian . SPSU 3 /462, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian (determination of this specimen is not clear, due to the poor preservation).</p><p>Syntypes of Natica eximia Eichwald, 1830, referring to other species: SPSU 3/458, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 30.6 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian (Figs 32D 1 –D 4) to Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923) and SPSU 3/461, Zalistsi (Ukraine), late Badenian, to Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019. The operculum SPSU 3/456 from Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), probably illustrated by Eichwald (1852), is a further syntype and is treated herein as? Cochlis sp., Figs 8C 1 –C 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. MPUM 11725, SL: 40.1 mm, MD: 42.5 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), holotype of Cochlis odovychenorum Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: fig. 23.1), Figs 7D 1 –D 4. PIN 5904/118, SL: 38 mm, MD: 37.6 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 6D 1 –D 4. PIN 5904/119, SL: 33.5 mm, MD: 32.9 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 6C 1 –C 4. 5904/120, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 8D. NHMW 2024/0231/0002, SL: 39.0 mm, MD: 38.0 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 8A 1 –A 2. Private collection Franz Jiranek, SL: 36.5 mm, MD: 38.5 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 8B 1 –B 5. PIN 4450/136, SL: 23.8 mm, MD: 22.8 mm, Privol’nyi, Stavropol Krai, Russia, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 7A 1 –A 4. PIN 4450/137, SL: 19.3 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, Privol’nyi, Russia, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 7B 1 –B 4. PIN 4450/138, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, well Molakuduk, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 7C 1 –C 4.</p><p>Revised description. Large, robust, globose shell of ~3.5 teleoconch whorls; varying from slightly wider than high to slightly higher than wide (SL /MD = ~1). Protoconch poorly preserved, of about 1.3 smooth, convex whorls. Spire depressed conical to weakly elevated, low turbiniform; apical angle 108–140°. Suture linear, adpressed to weakly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, becoming wider and weakly concave close to aperture. Shoulder angulation subobsolete. Last whorl strongly expanding, strongly convex, attaining ~93–95% of total height. Periphery placed just below mid-whorl (~45%). Growth lines prominent and weakly prosocyrt in apical view close to adapical suture; delicate, moderately prosocline at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~76–85% of total height. Columellar lip moderately broad, strongly reinforced; basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~16–32°. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~14– 18%), relatively shallow with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~45–52%), thickened, commonly with concave margin, rarely with straight margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thin, trigonal. Funicle broad and low, with concave abapical sulcus, delimited by broad spiral swelling. Funicle terminating in abapical third of columellar lip in variable narrowed elongate triangular umbilical callus, adapically fused via broad callus with anterior lobe of parietal callus. Prominent basal fasciole, weakly angled. Color pattern variable: late Badenian lectotype from Ukraine with uniformly pale brownish surface (as); Konkian shells from Privol’nyi and Agara with spirally elongated blotches; middle Badenian specimens from Styrian Basin with very large, spirally elongated, close-set dark blotches, with sharply defined adapertural margin, fading in abapertural direction, causing broad, brushstroke like pattern. Blotches roughly spirally arranged. Operculum moderately thick. Inner margin straight, with obscure transverse wrinkles; tubercles present in a few specimens. Inner surface flatly convex, nucleus scarcely protruding. Outer surface slightly concave at level of nucleus; central callus prominent to flat, tongue shaped, not reaching half-height of operculum. Marginal area gently sloping inward, with 2 marginal grooves and 2 ridges. Outer groove narrow, inner groove a deeper and wider asymmetrical depression. Outer ridge thin, sharp; inner ridge massive, round to flat-topped, markedly wider than outer one (Pedriali et al. 2019: 164).</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. Natica (Polynices) staszici var. revoluta Friedberg, 1923 was based on several syntypes, which were partly illustrated by Friedberg (1923). Friedberg (1923) emphasized the wide and open umbilicus and the somewhat evolute appearance of the whorls. Herein, we designate the specimen illustrated in Friedberg (1923: pl. 26, fig. 10), from Oles’ko (Ukraine), as lectotype. As we consider this specimen to be conspecific with Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830), Cochlis revoluta becomes a subjective junior synonym of Cochlis eximia . Robba et al. (2016: 199) suggested a placement of Natica (Polynices) staszici var. revoluta Friedberg, 1923 in Euspira, which is rejected herein. Natica (Nacca) tigrina sartaganica Zhgenti, 1981, from the Konkian of Georgia, and Cochlis odovychenorum Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 are subjective junior synonyms of Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830) .</p><p>Discussion. Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830) is one of the most common and most widespread naticid species in the Fore-Carpathian Basin during the late Badenian. It is characterized by its wide variability expressed in variations of callosity of the inner lip and shell proportions. The shell is typically as high as wide, but shells being slightly wider than high or higher than wide also occur. The variability of the callosity of the inner lip is expressed by the width of the columellar callus and the thickness of the parietal callus. Specimens with thin parietal callus, forming a concave rim and a narrow columellar callus represent the most common morph, to which the lectotype belongs. Shells with more constricted columellar callus, making the funicle more visible, also occur (e.g., paralectotype 3/455). Specimens with thickened parietal callus that forms a straight rim and broad, slightly abapically narrowed columellar callus occur as well. Shells with expanded callosity may rarely co-occur with typical shells. Cochlis eximia with expanded callosity are reminiscent of Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923) with strongly constricted callosity, especially when they co-occur. Such specimens differ in their triangle-like, abapically narrowed columellar callus, sometimes with lobe-like margin in contrast to the roundly curved columellar callus with even rim, which gradually sinks into the umbilicus in P. staszici .</p><p>Konkian specimens from the Eastern Paratethys differ in their smaller size and the slightly narrower umbilicus. These specimens might represent a dwarfed population of C. eximia or a closely related Eastern Paratethyan species.</p><p>Cochlis eximia is characterized by its large size, strongly convex whorls and low funicle. Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. is much smaller and has a wider and deeper umbilicus with an even lower funicle and its color pattern consists of much smaller dots. Cochlis depressofuniculata (Sacco, 1891), from the Pliocene of Italy, also has large blotches but differs in its narrow, cord-like funicle, less expanding last whorl and smaller size (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2005: pl. 1, figs 1–8, pl. 9, figs 1–2). Cochlis fulgurata (Meneghini in Pecchioli, 1864), from the Pliocene of Italy, is very similar in shell shape but differs in its wider umbilicus with broader and more prominent funicle and has a color pattern of interrupted axially oriented zig-zag stripes (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2005: pl. 1, figs 9–18, pl. 2, figs 1–5; Chirli 2008: pl. 20, figs 11–17, pl. 21, figs 1–7). A specimen from the Dacian Basin, illustrated by Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov (1960: pl. 33, fig. 10) as Polinices (Euspira) catena helicina is reminiscent of C. eximia but is rather small. We have not seen the Bulgarian specimen to decide on its identity.</p><p>Eichwald (1852: pl. 10, figs 42c–d) described and illustrated an operculum from the late Badenian of Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), which he identified as Natica eximia due to its size. However, this operculum has not been found in situ and its identification is doubtful. The operculum is moderately thick; its inner margin is straight. The inner surface has prominent growth lines with scarcely protruding nucleus. The outer surface is slightly concave and the marginal area has two subequal marginal grooves and two subequal ridges.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: Weitendorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szob, Várpalota (Hungary) (Strausz 1966);? Dacian Basin: Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960). Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Gryts’kiv, Lisogirka, Stara Pisochna, Tarnoruda, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Oles’ko, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region), Mala Bilka, Rydomyl’, Shushkivtsi, Staryi Pochaiv, Velyka Bilka, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zalistsi, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region) (Ukraine) (Eichwald 1853; Friedberg 1923; hoc opus); Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (hoc opus).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Late Konkian (Late Miocene): Ciscaucasia: ravines Chumnaya and Slesareva Levada (Adygea), Privol’nyi(=so named Mount Dubrovaya) (Stavropol Krai, Russia) (Iljina 1993, hoc opus); Transcaucasia: Agara (Georgia) (Zhgenti 1981); Central Pontide Foreland Basin: Sinop region (Turkey) (Ilgar 2015); Transcaspian Region: ravine Kiyandy, well Molakuduk (Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66002FFEBFF00FC26FBE5FC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.text	03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis gebhardti Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis gebhardti nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 9A–C</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.— Schaffer 1912: 165, pl. 54, figs 5–7 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: GBA 1912 /004/16/1, SL: 28.6 mm, MD: 29.1 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 5), Figs 9A 1 –A 4 . Paratypes: GBA 1912 /004/16/2, SL: 26.1 mm, MD: 26.5 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 6), Figs 9B 1 –B 4 . GBA 1912 /004/16/3, SL: 22.6 mm, MD: 24.2 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 7), Figs 9C 1 –C 4 .</p><p>Type locality. Mörtersdorf (Austria), northeastern North Alpine Foreland Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Sand of the Loibersdorf Formation (Mandic et al. 2004).</p><p>Age. Early Miocene, early Eggenburgian (Burdigalian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Holger Gebhardt, paleontologist at the GeoSphere Austria, in recognition of his contributions to micropaleontology and stratigraphy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, depressed-globose shell with moderately low spire, narrow subsutural shelf and strongly expanding last whorl, umbilicus very wide, open with very broad, very low, poorly delimited funicle.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, depressed globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; slightly wider than high (SL/MD = 0.0–1.0). Spire moderately low with convex whorls; apical angle 116–127°. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, narrow, slightly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl strongly expanding and dorsoventrally depressed, inflated, attaining ~92–95% of total height. Periphery placed below mid-whorl (~44%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery.Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~84%) above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~80% of total height. Columellar lip narrow, weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~12–27°. Opercular ridge in outer lip unknown. Umbilicus wide (~20%), deep, with prominent, blunt growth lines. Parietal callus short (~37%), thickened, rectangular with straight margin.Anterior lobe insignificant. Funicle very low, very broad, poorly defined.Adapical and abapical sulci broad and shallow; abapical sulcus delimited by broad, low spiral ridge. Umbilical callus weak, low to insignificant, well separated from parietal callus. Basal fasciole broad, rounded to weakly angled at aperture, with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Cochlis gebhardti nov. sp. co-occurs with the morphologically similar Cochlis transgrediens (Schaffer, 1912), from which it differs in its much wider umbilicus, more expanding last whorl and the well-separated umbilical and parietal calluses, which are fused in C. transgrediens . Cochlis sallomacensis (Tournouër, 1873), from the Early Miocene of France and Italy, has a narrower and better defined funicle (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 7–10). Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825), from the Early Miocene of France and Italy, has a much narrower umbilical channel and a less expanding last whorl (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 1–5). Cochlis depressofuniculata (Sacco, 1891), from the Late Miocene of Italy, is reminiscent of Cochlis gebhardti nov. sp. in shell profile but differs in the slightly narrower umbilicus and more raised and narrower funicle (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2005: pl. 1, 1–8). The Middle Miocene Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. has an even weaker funicle and a less expanding last whorl.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Sandy, coastal environments (Mandic et al. 2004).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian(Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Loibersdorf, Mörtersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6601EFFEAFF00F963FD9EFAC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601FFFE9FF00FA0AFED9F857.text	03A687A6601FFFE9FF00FA0AFED9F857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis kostejana (Boettger 1902) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis kostejana (Boettger, 1902) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 9D 1 –D 4</p><p>* Natica (Naticina) kostejana n. sp. — Boettger 1902: 82.</p><p>Natica (Naticina) kostejana Bttgr.— Boettger 1906: 90 .</p><p>Polynices (Naticina) kostejana (Boettger) — Zilch 1934: 249, pl. 14, fig. 68.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 249), SFM 366940 (= XII 2346 a), SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 6.6 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 14, fig. 68), Figs 9D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Revised description. Very small, very solid, globose shell of about 3.5 teleoconch whorls; nearly as wide as high (SL /MD = ~1.0–1.1). Spire low conical, with convex whorls; apical angle 125°. Protoconch of ~1.75 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, narrow, incised. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining 95% of total height. Periphery regularly convex, placed mid-whorl (~50%). Growth lines very prominent, regularly spaced, and weakly prosocyrt in apical view close to adapical suture, rapidly weakening towards periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), distinctly above mid-whorl, slightly below shoulder. Aperture attaining 80% of total height. Columellar lip reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded into short spout, outer lip thick. Columellar angle ~25°. Opercular ridge not developed. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~12%), deep, with moderate growth lines. Parietal callus very long (~70%), moderately narrow, thickened with slight adapical swelling, with concave margin. Anterior lobe thin, fused with narrow umbilical callus. Insignificant funicle. Abapical sulcus narrow, abapically delimited by faint spiral ridge. Basal fasciole solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern of large, close set blotches, intense under UV light. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This species is poorly understood. It is peculiar in showing features of fully adult growth (thick shell, thickened outer lip, spout-like basal lip, thickened columellar callus) at a very small size for the genus. However, more would be necessary to understand the intraspecific variability: it is possible that this species was based on a dwarfed specimen. Cochlis micromillepunctata nov. sp. is thinner shelled and has a prominent, cord-like funicle. Cochlis neoobscura nov. sp. has comparable umbilical features but is much larger at same growth stage and lacks the prominent growth lines. More material will be needed to better characterize this species.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger, 1902).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6601FFFE9FF00FA0AFED9F857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.text	03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis micromillepunctata Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis micromillepunctata nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2C, 10A–D, 11A–D</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.—Hörnes 1856: 518 (pars), pl. 47, fig. 2 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica stercusmuscarum — Quenstedt 1881: 259, pl. 194, fig. 2 [non Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam. var.— Friedberg 1923: 426, pl. 26, fig. 2 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata — Korobkov 1955: pl. 42, fig. 1 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (N [atica].) aff. tigrina hörnesi Fisch. &amp; Tourn.— Báldi 1960: 64, pl. 2, fig. 2c [non Cochlis hoernesi (Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata tigrina (Defrance) — Strachimirov 1960: 267, pl. 6, figs 5–5b [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata var. hoernesi (Fischer und Tournouer 1873) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 119, pl. 33, fig. 5 [non Cochlis hoernesi (Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Atanacković 1963: 70, pl. 11, fig. 8 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata hörnesi Fisch. et Tourn.— Stancu &amp; Andreescu 1968: 462, pl. 3, fig. 35 [non Cochlis hoernesi (Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata tigrina (Defrance, 1825) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 136, pl. 33, figs 2–3 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Krach 1981: 64, pl. 17, fig. 5 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Atanacković 1985: 133, pl. 30, figs 11–12 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck– Ionesi &amp; Nicorici 1994: 58, pl. 2, figs 7–10 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica tigrina Röding, 1798 — Bałuk 1995: 194, pl. 15, figs 11, 13 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica tigrina Röding, 1798 — Bałuk 2006: 206, pl. 3, fig. 6 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 —Caze et al. 2014: 33, fig. 5B [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica tigrina Röding, 1798 — Popa et al. 2014: 11, pl. 2, fig. 4 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata tigrina (Defrance, 1825) — Bošnjak et al. 2021: fig. 3C, E, F [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 /0037/0444a, SL: 17.6 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 2), Figs 10B 1 –B 4, 11B 1 –B 2 . Paratypes: NHMW 2024 /0233/0001, SL: 16.6 mm, MD: 17.4 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 10A 1 –A 4, Figs 13E . NHMW 1846 /0037/0444b, SL: 18.2 mm, MD: 17.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 10C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 1846 /0037/0444c, SL: 17.7 mm, MD: 17.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 10D 1 –D 4. MNHN A31070 , SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Caze et al. (2014: fig. 5B), Figs 11A 1 –A 2 . NHMW A1267, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 18.2 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 11C 1 –C 3 . NHMW A1267, SL: 15.3 mm, MD: 14.6 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 11D ; NHMW 1846 /0037/0444a, SL: 18.1 mm, MD: 17.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Fig. 2C .</p><p>Additional paratypes. 9 spec., NHMW 2024 /0234/0001 (A 1267), Baden-Sooss (Austria) ; 40 sp., NHMW 1862 /0001/0234, Baden (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1868 /0051/0035, Perchtoldsdorf (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1865 /0001/0847, Grinzing (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1866 /0045/0135, Marz (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1858 /0015/0200, Rousínov (Czech Republic) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1865 /0015/0123, Lysice (Czech Republic) .</p><p>Etymology. Micro-, Latin for small, and millepunctata, referring to the species, with which this species was confused.</p><p>Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, globose shell with low spire, very prominent growth lines on subsutural shelf, regularly convex last whorl, deep, wide umbilicus with narrow, cord-like funicle in lower third of umbilicus; color pattern of small, regularly spaced, circular dots.</p><p>Description. Small, globose shell of about 3.5 teleoconch whorls; nearly as wide as high (SL/MD = ~1). Spire low conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 115–135°. Protoconch of ~1.75 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, narrow but distinctly incised. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly concave subsutural shelf close to aperture, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl rapidly expanding, inflated, attaining ~92–95% of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~48%), regularly convex. Growth lines very prominent, close-set, somewhat irregular in strength and spacing, and weakly prosocyrt in apical view close to adapical suture, rapidly weakening towards periphery.Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), distinctly above mid-whorl, slightly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~80% of total height. Columellar lip narrow, only weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~25–30°. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately wide (~15%), deep, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus moderately long (~47%), narrow, thickened with slight adapical swelling, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe indistinct. Prominent, narrow, cord-like funicle, situated in lower third of umbilicus, terminating in small, semicircular umbilical callus. Adapical sulcus broad, weakly concave; abapical sulcus narrow, abapically delimited by weak spiral ridge. Basal fasciole solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern of small to medium sized, regularly spaced, circular, dark dots on light background.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its relatively small size compared to its Paratethyan congeners. It is reminiscent of Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 in profile but differs in its much smaller size, attaining only about half the size at same growth stage. In addition, it differs in its prominent growth lines close to the adapical suture and the narrower funicle. Moreover, Cochlis micromillepunctata nov. sp. is only found in deep water environments, whereas C. ukrainensis occurs in shallow marine deposits, indicating an ecological separation of both coeval species.</p><p>Cochlis sp. 2 of Landau et al. (2013: pl. 11, figs 2a–2c, pl. 79, figs 5a–5b), from the Serravallian of Turkey, is comparable in outline and has a similar color pattern but differs in its much larger size and the funicle being in a more abapical position.</p><p>The color pattern in C. micromillepunctata nov. sp. is typically composed of numerous, medium sized, close-set dots but specimens with fewer very large dots may also occur (e.g., Bałuk 2006: pl. 3, fig. 6).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1885); Roztocze Hills: Łychów (Poland) (Krach 1981); Carpathian Foreland Basin: Lysice, Rousínov (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden-Sooss, Baden, Perchtoldsdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Marz (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szokolya (Hungary) (Báldi 1960); s outhern Pannonian Basin: Zaprešić Brijeg (Croatia) (Bošnjak et al. 2021), Miljevići, Hrvaćani, Reljevac, Jazovac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Caze et al. 2014); Southern Carpathians: Crivineni-Patârlagele (Romania) (Ionesi &amp; Nicorici 1994); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi (Romania) (Stancu &amp; Andreescu 1968); Mehadia Basin: Valea Calvei, Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Urovene, Staropatitsa (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6601DFFEDFF00FF3BFE4EFDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.text	03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis neglecta (Mayer-Eymar 1858)	<div><p>Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858)</p><p>Figs 12A–D</p><p>* Natica neglecta Mayer— Mayer 1858: 388, pl. 11, fig. 2.</p><p>Natica epiglottina Lam. var. moldensis Schaff.— Schaffer 1912: 165, pl. 54, figs 1–4.</p><p>Natica neglecta Mayer-Eymar — Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1919: 403, pl. 11, figs 11–14.</p><p>Natica (Natica) neglecta Mayer, 1858 — Glibert 1952a: 76, pl. 6, fig. 4.</p><p>Natica (Natica) neglecta Mayer, 1858 — Glibert 1952b: 259, pl. 2, fig. 4.</p><p>N [atica]. (N [acca].) epiglottina moldensis Schff.— Sieber 1958: 140.</p><p>Polinices (Naticina) epiglottina moldensis (Schaffer 1912) — Hölzl 1958: 206, pl. 19, fig. 7.</p><p>Natica neglecta Mayer 1858 — Janssen 1969: 173, pl. 5, figs 18–24, text-fig. 12.</p><p>Natica (Nacca) epiglottina moldensis Schaffer, 1912 — Steininger et al. 1971: 395, pl. 7, fig. 10. Naticarius neglectus Mayer— Nordsieck, 1972: 71, pl. 17, fig. 90.</p><p>Natica neglecta Mayer, 1858 — Janssen 1984: 202, pl. 57, figs 5–7, 12.</p><p>Natica neglecta Mayer, 1859 — Lozouet et al. 2001: 43, pl. 18, fig. 2.</p><p>Natica neglecta Mayer, 1858 — Wienrich 2001: 432, pl. 70, fig. 1, pl. 87, figs 3–4, pl. 88, fig. 7.</p><p>Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) — Moths et al. 2010: 37, pl. 11, fig. 7.</p><p>Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) — Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 9–15.</p><p>Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1859) — Stein et al. 2016: 46, text-fig. 18, pl. 22, fig. 2.</p><p>? Cochlis sp. — Kovács et al. 2023: fig 30/38.</p><p>non Natica epiglottina moldensis Schaffer, 1812 [sic]– Steininger 1973: 412, pl. 4, fig. 12 [= Cochlis sp.].</p><p>Type material. Syntype, ETH Zürich (Switzerland), SL: 23 mm, MD: 21 mm, ‘environs de Bordeaux’ (France), Aquitanian, Early Miocene, illustrated in Mayer (1859: pl. 11, fig. 2),</p><p>Illustrated material. Lectotype of Natica epiglottina moldensis Schaffer, 1912 (designated herein): GBA 1912/004/15/1, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 1), Figs 12A 1 –A 4. Paralectotypes: GBA 1912/004/15/1, SL: 18.3 mm, MD: 16.6 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 2), Figs 12B 1 –B 4. GBA 1912/004/15/1, SL: 15.6 mm, MD: 14.4 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 3), Figs 12C 1 –C 4. GBA 1912/004/15/1, SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 15.8 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 4), Figs 12D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, solid, elongate-ovate shell; higher than wide (SL /MD = ~1.1). Spire high conical, of convex whorls; apical angle 95–100°. Protoconch poorly preserved. Suture linear, adpressed. Last teleoconch whorl high, ovate, with steep, indistinct subsutural ramp, delimited by indistinct, rounded shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, not inflated, attaining ~90% of total height. Periphery placed below mid-whorl (~45%), regularly convex. Growth lines distinct and prosocyrt in apical view, delicate and prosocyrt at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped, with maximum diameter in abapical third. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~76%), far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~78–80% of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~26–32°. Opercular ridge in outer lip forming broad, low swelling. Umbilicus moderately wide (~16%), deep, partly filled by funicle. Parietal callus long (~51%), thickened, not expanding over base with straight to weakly concave margin. Small, semicircular anterior lobe. Funicle prominent, cord- to pillar-like, narrow, separated from umbilical wall by broad umbilical channel. Small but prominent semicircular umbilical callus slightly at or slightly below middle of columellar lip well separated from anterior lobe. Basal fasciole rounded to weakly angled at aperture. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown from Paratethyan occurrences (see Robba et al. 2016: 131 for description of operculum and protoconch).</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. Natica epiglottina moldensis Schaffer, 1912 cannot be distinguished from Cochlis neglecta and therefore, is treated as subjective junior synonym of Natica neglecta Mayer, 1858 . Most probably, Schaffer (1912) was not aware of the paper by Mayer (1858).</p><p>Discussion. Cochlis degrangei (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1919), from the Early Miocene of France and Italy, is comparable in outline and umbilical features, but differs from Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) in its much larger umbilical callus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 3–4). The Eocene Cochlis epiglottina (Lamarck, 1804), with which this species was compared by Schaffer (1912), differs in its lower spire, larger umbilical callus and wider umbilical channel (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 1, fig. 13a, pl. 2, figs 1–2). Cochlis infelix (Sacco, 1890), from the Rupelian of Sassello (Italy), might be a closely related species, but differs in its gradate spire (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 6). A specimen from the Karpatian of Várpalota (Hungary), illustrated by Steininger (1973: pl. 4, fig. 12) as Natica epiglottina moldensis, differs in its larger umbilical callus and broader funiculus and represents another Cochlis species. A specimen from the Ottnangian of Hungary, described by Kovács et al. (2023) might represent Cochlis neglecta but the preservation does not allow a clear identification.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, lagoonal in vicinity of mudflats and oyster reefs (Mandic et al. 2004).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Kaltenbachgraben (Germany) (Hölzl 1958); Eggenburg, Maria Dreieichen, Mörtersdorf, Mold, Nonndorf (Austria) (Steininger et al. 1971).? Ottnangian (Early Miocene): Early Miocene North Hungarian Basin: Parádfürdö (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2023).</p><p>North Sea. North Sea Basin: Burdigalian/Langhian (Early/Middle Miocene): Winterswijk Miste (the Netherlands) (Janssen 1984) Dingden, Kevelaer, Werder (Germany) (Janssen 1969; Moths et al. 2016).</p><p>Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian–Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: (France): La Houga, Léognan, Lucbardez-et-Bargues, Mérignac, Saint-Martin-d’Oney, Saucats, Villandraut (France) (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1919; Robba et al. 2016).</p><p>Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Calle Ceppi, Val Sanfrà (Italy); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Monte dei Cappuccini (Italy); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Borelli, Montegibbio, Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Sant’Agata Fossili (Italy) (Robba et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66018FFE3FF00FD22FB16FD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.text	03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis neoobscura Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis neoobscura nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2D, 13A–D, 14A</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.—Hörnes 1856: 518 (pars) [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1855 /0045/0967a, SL: 32.7 mm, MD: 33.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2D, 13A 1 –A 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 1855 /0045/0967b, SL: 27.3 mm, MD: 27.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 13B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 2024 /0235/0001, SL: 28.1 mm, MD: 27.4 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 13C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 2007 z0088/ 0015a, SL: 25.2 mm, MD: 26.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 13D 1 –D 4 . NHMW 2007 z0088/0015b, SL: 30.8 mm, MD: 28.7 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 14A 1 –A 3 .</p><p>Additional paratypes. NHMW 2010 /0004/0588, SL: 39.1 mm, MD: 40.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria) .</p><p>Etymology. Combination of neo - for Neogene and obscurus, Latin for unclear, dark; referring to the obscure status of this species in the literature.</p><p>Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, globose shell with depressed spire, moderately expanding last whorl and moderately narrow umbilicus, half covered by shield-like umbilical callus fused to anterior lobe of parietal callus and moderately low funicle, strongly thickened basal lip, color pattern of large subcircular blotches with intense margins.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; only weakly wider than high (SL/MD = ~1.0). Spire depressed conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 128–135°. Protoconch poorly preserved of ~2.5 smooth, convex whorls; transition into teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, narrow but distinctly incised. Last spire whorl with weakly concave subsutural shelf close to aperture, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, inflated, attaining ~95% of total height. Periphery placed below mid-whorl (~42%), regularly convex. Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weaker to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), distinctly above mid-whorl, slightly below shoulder.Aperture attaining ~85% of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded and further thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~12–16°. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~11%), moderately deep, with weak growth lines, half-covered by umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~74%), strongly thickened with prominent adapical swelling and thin, widely expanding, subtrigonal anterior lobe. Margin of parietal callus strongly concave. Funicle low, terminating in prominent callus fused with anterior lobe of parietal callus, together forming shield like umbilical callus. Occasionally, faint, short transverse groove or notch between funicle and parietal callus. Basal fasciole very solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern of large, regularly spaced, subcircular blotches with intense margins. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This species is relatively rare in the Vienna Basin and was confused with the French Early Miocene Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825) in the collection of the NHMW. Specimens of Cochlis eximia (Eichwald, 1830), from the late Badenian of the Carpathian Foreland Basin, are strongly reminiscent of Cochlis neoobscura nov. sp. from the middle Badenian of the Vienna Basin. They differ in the broader funicle of Cochlis eximia, the larger and well delimited anterior lobe and the broader and longer umbilical channel. Cochlis curta (Erünal-Erentöz, 1958), from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin (Turkey), might be another related species, which differs only in its better separated funicle and less expanding anterior lobe (see Landau et al. 2013: pl. 1, figs 1a–c). Cochlis paragigantica nov. sp. has similar umbilical features but differs in its larger size, less expanding last whorl and convex spire whorls. Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995) has narrower umbilicus, a narrower umbilical callus and lacks the separation between anterior lobe and umbilical callus. Moreover, its last whorl has a lower expansion rate. Euspira bononiensis (Foresti, 1884), from the Tortonian of Italy, is exceptionally similar in shape. However, this similarity is superficial. It differs in its uniform pale brown color, lacks an opercular ridge, but most importantly it lacks a funicle and columellar callus, characters that place it in Euspira rather than Cochlis . (Pedriali et al. 2009: 389, pl. 1, figs 1–3, pl. 3, figs 1–2, 21–22).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Gainfarn and Enzesfeld suggest inner neritic environments with seagrass (Zuschin et al. 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66016FFE1FF00FCB2FE79FCC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.text	03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis paragigantica Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis paragigantica nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 15A 1 –A 4</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.—Hörnes 1856: 518 (pars) [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1855 /0045/0785e, SL: 49.2 mm, MD: 48.2 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 15A 1 – A 4.</p><p>Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Grund Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. A composite of Para - from Paratethys and gigantica, Latin for gigantic, referring to the large size.</p><p>Diagnosis. Very large, globose shell with low turbiniform spire, convex spire whorls, prominent, rounded shoulder, moderately expanding last whorl, moderately wide, deep umbilicus with low, indistinct funicle and angled base.</p><p>Description. Very large, globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; as wide as high (SL/MD = ~1.0). Spire low turbiniform of low, strongly convex whorls; apical angle 130°. Protoconch poorly preserved of ~2 smooth, convex whorls; transition to teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, narrowly adpressed. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by prominent, rounded shoulder. Last whorl moderately expanding, moderately inflated, attaining ~93% of total height. Periphery moderately convex, placed mid-whorl (~49%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~84%) distinctly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~80% of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded into short, broad spout, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 26°. Opercular ridge in outer lip indistinct. Umbilicus moderately wide (~16%), deep, with weak growth lines. Parietal callus long (~58%), thickened with concave margin and weak anterior lobe. Funicle low, broad, poorly delimited. Basal fasciole very solid. Base weakly angled. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Cochlis paragigantica nov. sp. is exceptionally large and differs from the somewhat reminiscent Cochlis neoobscura nov. sp. in its prominent shoulder, the weaker parietal callus, and much weaker anterior lobe. Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995) differs in its conical spire and narrower umbilicus. Cochlis baconica (Kókay, 1966) has an almost identical outline with a prominent, rounded shoulder but is much smaller at same growth stage and has a wider umbilicus.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation and color of the fossil shells suggest that Cochlis paragigantica belonged to the allochthonous shallow water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66014FFE0FF00FC0EFE5EFE3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.text	03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis pseudoprotracta Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis pseudoprotracta nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2E, 16A–D</p><p>Natica epiglottina Lam.—Pusch 1836: 543 [non Natica epiglottina Lamarck, 1804].</p><p>Natica epiglottina Lam.—Pusch 1837: 99, pl. 9, fig. 12 [non Natica epiglottina Lamarck, 1804].</p><p>Natica (Natica) neglecta Mayer-Eymar — Hilber 1893: 1029, figs 8–9 [non Cochlis neglecta (Mayer-Eymar, 1858)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam. var.— Friedberg 1923: 426, pl. 26, fig. 3, text-fig. 76 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (N [atica].) aff. epiglottina Lam.— Báldi 1960: 64, pl. 2, fig. 2b [non Natica epiglottina Lamarck, 1804].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata var. tigrina (Defrance 1825) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 118, pl. 33, fig. 4 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 175, pl. 41, fig. 19 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica tigrina Röding, 1798 — Bałuk 1995: 194, pl. 15, figs 10, 12, 14 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica tigrina (Defrance, 1825) — Mikuž 2009: 18, pl. 4, figs 52–53 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2024 /0232/0002 (A 1260), SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 15.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 16C 1 –C 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 2024 /0236/0002, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 15.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2E, 16A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0001, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 16B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 2024 /0237/0001, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 13.9 mm, Jaroměřice (Czech Republic), Figs 16D 1 –D 4 .</p><p>Additional paratypes. NHMW 2024 /0236/0003, SL: 17.9 mm, MD: 17.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). BkKG460-464 , SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 22.0 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (1995: pl. 15, fig. 12) . BkK-G460- 464, SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (1995: pl. 15, fig. 10) .</p><p>Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the similarity with Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, ovate shell with moderately high spire of strongly convex whorls; moderately wide umbilicus with narrow, strongly raised funicle, and small semicircular umbilical callus.</p><p>Description. Small, ovate shell of about 4.5 teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL/MD = ~1.1). Spire slightly elevated, broad turbiniform, of strongly convex whorls; apical angle 100–117°. Protoconch of about 2.5 convex whorls. Suture linear, weakly impressed. Faint, low subsutural cord. Narrow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Last teleoconch whorl weakly expanding, not inflated, attaining ~90% of total height. Some specimens with very faint, widely spaced spiral cords on last whorl. Periphery strongly convex, placed slightly below mid-whorl (~49%). Growth lines very prominent, fold-like, prosocline in apical view, fading at shoulder, delicate to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, ovate D-shaped, with maximum diameter in abapical third. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~82%), far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~70% of total height. Columellar lip straight, weakly reinforced, basal lip weakly reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 26–38°. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak to subobsolete. Umbilicus moderately wide (~17%), deep, semicircular. Parietal callus moderately long (~43%), weak, narrow with very small, subtrigonal anterior lobe. Margin of parietal callus weakly concave. Very narrow, raised, cord-like funicle terminating in abapical third of columellar lip in small or insignificant semicircular umbilical callus. Adapical and abapical sulci moderately wide, weakly concave, abapical sulcus delimited by faint spiral ridge. Color pattern of numerous, small, circular dots (Bałuk 1995: pl. 15, fig. 10). Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This species has frequently been reported in the literature but was confused with the extant Mediterranean Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791) and the Early Miocene northeastern Atlantic Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825) . It differs from both species and from most Paratethyan Cochlis species, except for Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858), in its high spire and ovate outline. In addition, it is characterized by its narrow but strongly raised funicle. Due to its ovate outline, this species is reminiscent of Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) but differs clearly from that species in its prominent funicle. Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) is almost identical in outline but differs in its more prominent, pillar-like funicle and lacks the characteristic, fold-like growth lines on the subsutural ramp (e.g., Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 14). In addition, Cochlis pseudoprotracta nov. sp. was a deep water species whereas C. neglecta is found in shallow water deposits.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021) .</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Baden-Sooss (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szokolya (Hungary) (Báldi 1960); Krka Basin: Ivanji dol, Šentjernej (Slovenia) (Hilber 1893; Mikuž 2009); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66015FFE6FF00F90EFCFBF99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66013FFE4FF00F9F6FC22FC16.text	03A687A66013FFE4FF00F9F6FC22FC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis transgrediens (Schaffer 1912)	<div><p>Cochlis transgrediens (Schaffer, 1912)</p><p>Figs 17A–D</p><p>* Natica transgrediens Schaff.— Schaffer 1912: 166, pl. 54, figs 8–11.</p><p>N [atica]. (N [acca].) transgrediens Schff.— Sieber 1958: 140 .</p><p>Natica millepunctata transgrediens Schaffer 1912 — Hölzl 1958: 212, pl. 19, figs 5–5a.</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck— Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964: 175, pl. 13, fig. 11 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) transgrediens Schaffer, 1912 — Steininger et al. 1971: 395, pl. 7, figs 11–12.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): GBA 1912 /004/001/3, SL: 23.1 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 10) . Paralectotypes: GBA 1912 /004/0017/1 SL: 24.7 mm, MD: 24.5 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 8) . GBA 1912 /004/0017/2, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 9).</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1934/0001/0123a, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 22.9 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), Figs 17B 1 –B 4. NHMW 1934/0001/0123b, SL: 25.2 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), Figs 17A 1 –A 4. Coll. Anton Breitenberger, SL: 34.2 mm, MD: 31.9 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), Figs 17C 1 –C 4. Coll. Anton Breitenberger, SL: 28.2 mm, MD: 31.5 mm, Mörtersdorf (Austria), Figs 17D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Additional material. 5 spec., NHMW 1848 /0003/0101, Loibersdorf (Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1849 /0013/0019, Mörtersdorf (Austria) ; 7 spec., NHMW 1849 /0013/0020, Molt (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1870 /0054/0031, Molt (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1860 /0050/0309, Eggenburg (Austria) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, robust, globose shell of ~3.5 teleoconch whorls (SL /MD = ~1.0). Protoconch unknown. Spire low conical, slightly gradate; apical angle 120–130°. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls with moderately wide, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by weak shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~91–95% of total height. Periphery regularly convex, placed mid-whorl (~51%). Growth lines moderately distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture widely D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), distinctly below shoulder, above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip broad, strongly reinforced, basal lip weakly expanded, thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~20–25°. Marked opercular ridge in outer lip. Umbilicus semicircular, wide (~17%), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus moderately long (~46%), weakly thickened, with concave margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus indistinct, partly fused with funicle. Funicle very broad, depressed, not sharply delimited, forming relatively narrow, shield-like umbilical callus. Adapical and abapical sulci shallowly concave. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This is a very common Naticidae in the lower Eggenburgian Loibersdorf Formation in the Eggenburg region in Austria. We did not find any closely related coeval species from the Circum-Mediterranean region. Cochlis degrangei (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1919), from the Early Miocene of France, differs in the elongate shell and broad funiculus, which fills a large part of the umbilicus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 3–5). The Early Miocene Cochlis neglecta (Mayer, 1858) differs in its prominent, narrow, but well delimited funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 9–15). Similarly, the Early Miocene Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825) differs in its prominent funicle and broad, deep umbilical channel (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 1–5). The Badenian Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. is slightly reminiscent in shape and umbilical features but has a much narrower columella lip, the parietal callus is hardly developed, an even weaker funicle and a less expanding last whorl.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The Loibersdorf Formation formed in shallow sublittoral environments with sand bottoms in few meters water depth (Mandic et al. 2004).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Kaltenbachgraben (Germany) (Hölzl 1958); Gauderndorf, Loibersdorf, Mörtersdorf, Maria Dreieichen, Eggenburg (Schaffer 1912). Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66013FFE4FF00F9F6FC22FC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B.text	03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso & Dell'Angelo 2019	<div><p>Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019</p><p>Figs 2F, 18–20</p><p>Natica] millepunctata Lmk.— Hauer 1837: 421 (pars) [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.— Hörnes 1848: 23 (pars) [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.—Hörnes 1856: 518 (pars) [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata — Naumann 1852: pl. 69, fig. 12 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.— Naumann 1854: 1065 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata tigrina (Defr.) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 45, 91, pl. 2, fig. 12 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>N [atica]. (N [acca].) millepunctata hörnesi Fisch. et Tourn.— Sieber 1958: 140 [non Cochlis hoernesi (Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873)].</p><p>N [atica]. (N [acca].) millepunctata tigrina Defr.— Sieber 1958: 140 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Nicorici 1972: 139, pl. 14, figs 1–2 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica tigrina Defrance, 1825 — Švagrovský 1982: 31, pl. 10, fig. 1 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Natica (Naticarius) millepunctata hoernesi Fischer &amp; Tournouer [sic]— Schultz 1998: 198, pl. 22, fig. 12 [non Cochlis hoernesi (Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873)].</p><p>* Cochlis ukrainensis sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 166, figs 24.1−6.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, MPUM 11735, SL: 35.4 mm, MD: 35.7 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 24.1a–c), Figs 18A 1 –A 4. Paratypes: MPUM 11736, SL: 21.3 mm, MD: 20.7 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 24.2a–b), Figs 18B 1 –B 4. For further paratypes and material see Pedriali et al. (2019: 166).</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1855/0045/0226c, SL: 30.1 mm, MD: 29.9 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs18C 1 – C 4. NHMW 1855/0045/0226a, SL: 32.6 mm, MD: 33.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 18D 1 –D 4. NHMW 2024/0238/0001, SL: 37.5 mm, MD: 35.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 19A 1 –A 4. NHMW 2024/0238/0002, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 31.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 19B 1 –B 4. NHMW 2024/0235/0002, SL: 35.1 mm, MD: 37.5 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 19C 1 –C 4. NHMW 2024/0235/0003, SL: 25.0 mm, MD: 24.1 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 19D 1 –D 4. PIN 5904/121, SL: 32.5 mm, MD: 33.5 mm, Shushkivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20A 1 –A 4. PIN 5904/122, SL: 20.4 mm, MD: 20.8 mm, Gorodok, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20B 1 –B 4. PIN 5904/123, SL: 29.4 mm, MD: 28.8 mm, ravine Zhabyak, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20C 1 –C 4. PIN 5904/124, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 19.4 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 20D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Additional material. 8 spec., NHMW 2024 /0235/0004, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 28 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0225, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 21 spec., NHMW 1997 z0178/1372, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 12 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/1005, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 12 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0442, Gainfarn and Enzesfeld (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1855 /0002/0053, Enzesfeld (Austria) ; 11 spec., NHMW 1851 /0010/0061, Mikulov (Czech Republic) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized to large, globose, solid shell of about four teleoconch whorls; often only slightly higher than wide (SL /MD = ~1.0). Spire low-conical, slightly elevated to rather depressed, with convex whorls; apical angle 120–135°. Protoconch small, depressed turbiniform, of 1.75 convex whorls. Suture linear, strongly incised. Last teleoconch whorl with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint to subobsolete shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, slightly inflated, attaining ~92–95% of total height. Periphery regularly convex, placed mid-whorl (~49%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weaker to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~75%), distinctly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~80–85% of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~16–32°. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately wide (~16%), deep, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~53%), weakly thickened not expanding over base, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe small, rounded, flat. Funicle broad, convex, semicircular, not very raised, moderately delimited. Adapical and abapical sulci wide, weakly concave. Umbilical callus small, thick, semicircular, well-separated from parietal callus. Basal fasciole solid, wide, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern of uniform light brown to brown background, with uneven whitish collabral stripes (according to Pedriali et al. 2019: 166). Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Specimens with depressed spire and spherical outline (Fig. 18) co-occur with shells with more elevated spire and more elongate outline (Fig. 19). These morphs are united by transitional morphs. There are also variations in the strength of the funicle. Neither form has color pattern preserved. Only opercula would help to decide if these are two cryptic species. Therefore, we provisionally consider these morphologies to reflect the intraspecific variability of Cochlis ukrainensis Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 . Pedriali et al. (2019) introduced this species based on specimens from the upper Badenian of Ukraine but did not refer to any other Paratethyan occurrences. Nevertheless, it is probably one of the most frequent Naticidae in shallow marine deposits of the Central Paratethys Sea, although it has been confused by most authors with Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825) from the Early Miocene of France. They differ in the narrower umbilicus of the French species, which has a deep umbilical channel surrounding the funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 1–5). Cochlis raropunctata (Sasso, 1827), from the Tortonian of Italy, differs in in much more prominent, strongly raised funicle (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 2–4). See Pedriali et al. (2019: 168) for further discussions.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Inner neritic, shallow marine; occurrences at Gainfarn and Steinebrunn suggest sea-grass environments (Zuschin et al. 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Stara Pisochna, Varivtsi, Velyka Levada (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Rydomyl’, Shushkivtsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019, hoc opus). Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Steinebrunn (Austria), (Austria), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982). Pannonian Basin: Hidas (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950); Şimleu Basin: Tusa (Romania) (Nicorici 1972); Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66011FFD8FF00FC7EFCA3FE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602DFFD8FF00FE52FAFCF8AB.text	03A687A6602DFFD8FF00FE52FAFCF8AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis unica (Baluk 1995) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995) nov. comb.</p><p>Fig. 21A</p><p>1</p><p>–A</p><p>4</p><p>Polynices redempta Micht. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: pl. 5, fig. 17 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>* Nacca unica sp. n. — Bałuk 1995; 195, pl. 15, fig. 9.</p><p>Nacca unica Bałuk, 1995 — Bałuk 2006: 206, pl. 3, fig. 9 [not fig. 8 = Figovina szobiensis (Strausz, 1959)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, Z. PAL. U.W. No. BkK-G465, SL: 40.0 mm, MD: 42.0 mm, Korytnica (Poland), Figs 21A 1 –A 4.</p><p>Revised description. Large, globose, solid shell of 4.5 teleoconch whorls; about as high as wide (SL /MD = 0.95). Spire conical, moderately elevated, convex, with moderately convex whorls; apical angle ~122°. Protoconch poorly preserved of ~2 smooth, convex whorls; transition into teleoconch indistinct. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with weakly concave subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl slowly expanding, moderately inflated, attaining ~92% of total height. Subsutural shelf widening on last whorl with distinct concavity close to aperture. Periphery convex, below mid-whorl (~43%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, slightly weaker at periphery.Aperture widely D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~79%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~71–75% of total height. Columellar lip thick, basal lip slightly expanded, outer lip broken. Columellar angle ~28°. Opercular ridge in outer lip distinct. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~13%), deep, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus very long (~72%), strongly thickened, with weakly concave to straight margin and moderately expanding, relatively thin anterior lobe. Funicle low, insignificant, fully hidden by trigonal umbilical callus. Umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe. Narrow, concave abapical sulcus, delimited by prominent spiral swelling. Basal fasciole solid, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Generic placement of this species is problematic, as the shell shape and umbilical characters would fit the genus Euspira . However, we place it in Cochlis based on its distinct opercular ridge, which is lacking in Euspira, a member of Polinicinae, which do not have a calcareous operculum, and therefore do not have an opercular ridge within the aperture. Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995) is unique within the Paratethyan Naticidae due to its large and solid shell and its narrow umbilicus, which is largely covered by a thick, trigonal umbilical callus, giving it a distinctly Euspira -like profile. The holotype is a specimen with depressed spire and an adapical suture placed at the shoulder of the preceding whorls. A second specimen from Korytnica, illustrated by Bałuk (2006: pl. 3, fig. 9), documents some variability in spire height and its suture is placed below the shoulder. In summary, we place Nacca unica tentatively in the genus Cochlis based solely on the presence of an opercular ridge. We have seen no further material apart from the holotype, and therefore cannot comment if this ridge is a consistent character. Further material is required to be certain of its generic position.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown; the occurrence at Gainfarn might suggest sea-grass environments (Zuschin et al. 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland). Vienna Basin: Gainfarn (Austria) (hoc opus). Pannonian Basin: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6602DFFD8FF00FE52FAFCF8AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.text	03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cochlis zachosi Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Cochlis zachosi nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2G, 22A–D</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.—Hörnes 1856: 518 (pars) [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica tigrina (Defrance, 1825) — Harzhauser 2002: 89, pl. 5, figs 10–11 [non Cochlis tigrina (Defrance, 1825)].</p><p>Type species. Holotype: NHMW 2024 /0239/0001, SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 27.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 2G, 22A 1 – A 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 2024 /0239/0002, SL: 25.6 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 22B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 2024 /0239/0003, SL: 27.7 mm, MD: 28.4 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 22C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 2024 /0239/0004, SL: 25.0 mm, MD: 24.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 22D 1 –D 4 .</p><p>Additional paratypes. 12 spec., NHMW 1851 /0002/0075, Grund (Austria) .</p><p>Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Grund Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Frank Emmanuel Zachos, zoologist at the NHMW.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, globose shell, gradate spire, wide and deep suture, strongly expanding last whorl with adapical tip of aperture far below shoulder; umbilicus wide, deep, funnel-shaped with prominent funicle terminating at lower third of columellar lip.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, globose shell of about four teleoconch whorls; as wide as high (SL/MD = ~1.0).</p><p>Spire gradate, moderately elevated, turbiniform of low, strongly convex whorls; apical angle 127–131°. Protoconch poorly preserved of&gt;2 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, very deep and wide. Faint, low, relatively broad subsutural cord. Subsutural shelf very narrow, convex, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last teleoconch whorl strongly expanding, inflated, attaining ~95% of total height. Periphery strongly convex, placed just below mid-whorl (~46%). Growth lines close-set, prominent along subsutural cord, weakening on subsutural shelf, delicate and prosocline along periphery. Aperture moderately very wide, D-shaped, with maximum width below mid-whorl.</p><p>Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~78%), far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip straight, moderately reinforced, basal lip thick, slightly expanded, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 17–20°. Opercular ridge in outer lip indistinct. Umbilicus wide (~17%), deep, funnel-shaped, with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus short (~34%), strongly thickened, rectangular with straight margin and weak anterior lobe. Funicle prominent, cord-like, moderately broad, distinctly delimited by deeply concave adapical sulcus and shallower abapical sulcus. Funicle terminating in lower third of columellar lip in semicircular umbilical callus, grading abapically into thick basal lip, well separated from parietal callus. Basal fasciole very solid, weakly angled with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Cochlis cuniculata nov. sp. is slightly reminiscent of Cochlis zachosi nov. sp. but differs in its very broad and weak funicle and the higher placed position of the insertion of the outer lip and narrower parietal callus. Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. has comparable umbilical features but differs in its much larger size and narrow, adpressed suture. In addition, C. degregorioi has a longer and broader parietal callus. Similarly, Cochlis micromillepunctata nov. sp. has comparable umbilical features but has a narrow, adpressed suture and a distinctly less expanding last whorl. Cochlis micromillepunctata has the basal callus much more developed and its parietal callus is narrower but longer.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation and color of the fossil shells suggest that Cochlis zachosi nov. sp. belonged to the allochthonous shallow water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Kleinebersdorf, Karnabrunn, Stetten (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6602AFFDDFF00FC43FC9BFED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.text	03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naticarius lucapedrialii Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Naticarius lucapedrialii nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 23A–B</p><p>? Natica (Cochlis) dillwyni Payr.— Boettger 1902: 81 [non Notocochlis dillwynii (Payraudeau, 1826)].? Natica (Cochlis) dillwyni Payr. var. plicatula Bronn.— Boettger 1906: 89 [non Notocochlis dillwynii (Payraudeau, 1826)]. Natica (Euspira) catena Da Costa var. helicina Brocchi, 1814 — Moisescu 1955: 208, pl. 19, figs 14–15 [non Euspira helicina</p><p>(Brocchi, 1814)]. Polinices (Euspira) catena var. helicina (Brocchi 1814) — Korobkov 1955: pl. 41, figs 23–24 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi,</p><p>1814)]. Natica (Nacca) dillwyni var. plicatula (Bronn 1831) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 119, pl. 33, fig. 7. Natica sp. —Caze et al. 2014: 33, figs 5A1–A3.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 2024 /0240/0001, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 18.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 23A 1 –A 6 . Paratype: MNHN A31069, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 16.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Caze et al. (2014: figs 5A1–A3), photo by Philippe Loubry (MNHN /CNRS), Figs 23B 1 –B 6 .</p><p>Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Luca Pedriali (San Martino, Ferrara, Italy) in recognition of his contributions to the study of Cainozoic Naticidae faunas. We note that this name should not be confused with Cochlis pedrialii Van Dingenen, Ceulemans &amp; Landau, 2016 from the Lower Pliocene of northwestern France, also dedicated to this outstanding naticid expert.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, depressed globose shell, low spire, with moderately wide umbilicus and prominent, cord-like, narrow, strongly raised funicle; color pattern of small, vaguely diamond-shaped, close-set scales arranged in three bands.</p><p>Description. Small, depressed globose shell of ~3.5 teleoconch whorls; only slightly wider than high (SL/ MD = ~0.9). Spire low conical with moderately convex whorls; apical angle ~130°. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with moderately broad, weakly concave subsutural shelf, delimited by angulate shoulder. Last whorl regularly convex below shoulder, moderately expanding, attaining ~95% of total height. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~49%). Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete at periphery.Aperture moderately wide, ovate D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~86%), not far below shoulder, distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~82% of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle 15–23°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately wide (~17%), deep, with delicate growth lines. Parietal callus very long (~61%), weak, not expanded over base. Anterior lobe absent (or broken off in both available specimens). Funicle prominent, cord-like, narrow, strongly raised, terminating in abapical third of columellar lip in small, prominent, subtrigonal umbilical callus. Broad, concave adapical sulcus, narrower, deeply concave abapical sulcus delimited by weak spiral ridge. Basal fasciole weak, rounded. Color pattern of small, vaguely diamond-shaped, close-set dark scales arranged in three broad bands separated by two narrow, light bands placed slightly above periphery and at base with fewer scales. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. According to Robba et al. (2016: 121), species of the genus Naticarius have a teleoconch similar to those of the genus Cochlis, but their opercula have the outer surface with many ribs instead of two or three. Therefore, without the operculum we cannot ascribe species to one or other genus with certainty. However, we place this species in Naticarius based on its narrow and strongly raised funicle, which is comparable to the extant Mediterranean Naticarius hebraeus (Martyn, 1786) and Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791) . Naticarius lucapedrialii nov. sp. displays a very intense color pattern under UV-light, which differs from the Paratethyan Cochlis species in its small, diamond-shaped scales and spiral bands. This pattern is reminiscent of that of N. hebraeus, which however, does not form bands. Cochlis raropunctata (Sasso, 1827), from the Tortonian of Italy, has a similar funicle but is ovate-globose and differs in its color pattern of circular dots (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2005: pl. 4, figs 1–6, pl. 9, figs 14–19; Chirli 2008: pl. 23, figs 13–18, pl. 24, figs 4–13; Robba et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 4). The umbilical features of Naticarius lucapedrialii nov. sp. are superficially reminiscent of those of Cochlis pseudovittata Robba, Pedriali &amp; Quaggiotto, 2016, from the Tortonian of Italy, but the Italian species differs in its larger umbilical callus and color pattern of regularly spaced dots (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 16). Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov (1960) confused this species with the extant Mediterranean Notocochlis dillwynii (Payraudeau, 1826)], which differs in its longer, elongate semicircular umbilical callus and trigonal anterior lobe.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Buituri, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus; Boettger 1906; Moisescu 1955); Dacian Basin: Bivolare (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p><p>Genus Tectonatica Sacco, 1890</p><p>Type species. Natica tectula Sacco, 1890; by monotypy in Sacco (1890: 33). Pliocene, Italy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66028FFD3FF00FA43FBCFFBC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941.text	03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tectonatica anistratenkorum Pedriali, Sosso & Dell'Angelo 2019	<div><p>Tectonatica anistratenkorum Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019</p><p>Figs 24D–E</p><p>* Tectonatica anistratenkorum sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 168, figs 25.1−5.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, MPUM 11738, SL: 5.4 mm, MD: 4.9 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019:figs 25.1a–d), Figs 24D 1 –D 4. Paratype: MPUM 11739, SL: 6.6 mm, MD: 6.2 mm,Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 25.2a–b), Figs 24E 1 –E 4. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 170) for further paratypes.</p><p>Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 168).</p><p>Discussion. Pedriali et al. (2019) described two Tectonatica species from the Ukrainian Miocene. Tectonatica anistratenkorum Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 and Tectonatica distincta (Eichwald, 1829) are distinguished based on wider umbilical chink of T. distincta . In addition, T. distincta is slightly larger and T. anistratenkorum is more spherical.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at Varivtsi suggests inner neritic environments.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Varivtsi, Zalistsi (Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66026FFD3FF00FB09FDDAF941	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E.text	03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tectonatica distincta (Eichwald 1829) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Tectonatica distincta (Eichwald, 1829) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 24A–B, 25</p><p>* N [atica]. distincta n.— Eichwald 1829: 299, pl. 5, fig. 16.</p><p>N [atica]. distincta m.— Eichwald 1830: 218.</p><p>Nat [ica]. distincta m.— Eichwald 1851: 124.</p><p>Natic [ia]. distincta m.— Eichwald 1853: 256.</p><p>Tectonatica pseudoprietoi sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 170, text-fig. 26. Type material. Neotype (designated herein): SPSU 3/465, SL: 12.3 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Bilozirka, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 24A 1 –A 5. The specimen illustrated in Eichwald (1829: pl. 5, fig. 16) from Staro-Poczaiow (Ukraine) seems to be lost. Therefore, we designate a neotype.</p><p>Illustrated material. MPUM 11740, Varivtsi (Ukraine) , SL: 8.8 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, holotype of Tectonatica pseudoprietoi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 26.1a–c), Figs 24B 1 –B 3 .</p><p>Revised description. Small, depressed ovate shell of about four teleoconch whorls; (SL /MD = ~1.1). Protoconch close to planispiral with flattened whorls, no clear separation from teleoconch. Spire low conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 110–130°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp; shoulder weak, rounded. Last whorl high, weakly expanding, attaining 97% of total height; strongly convex below shoulder, regularly convex at periphery and base. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~35%). Growth lines delicate on subsutural ramp, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), slightly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~84% of total height. Columellar lip slightly reinforced, basal and outer lips moderately thin. Columellar angle ~18– 20°. Umbilicus moderately wide (~18%), deep, semicircular. Shell light brown, with whitish to brown collabral lines. Parietal callus moderately short (~40–42%), weakly thickened, with slight adapical swelling, not expanding over base, with straight margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thin, fused with umbilical callus. Umbilical callus prominent, tongue-like semicircular delimited by deep umbilical channel. Funicle behind umbilical callus not visible; adapical and abapical sulci deeply concave. Basal fasciole solid, broad, rounded.</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. Tectonatica pseudoprietoi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, from the late Badenian of Ukraine, is a subjective junior synonym. When describing this species, Pedriali et al. (2019) did not mention Natica distincta Eichwald, 1829 . In our opinion, Tectonatica pseudoprietoi cannot be separated from Natica distincta and therefore, we treat it as subjective junior synonym.</p><p>Discussion. This species was neglected so far in the literature probably due to the very poor illustration in Eichwald (1829). Interestingly, Eichwald (1852) did not re-illustrate it in his atlas. Only a single specimen was found labeled as Natica distincta in Eichwald’s collection in Paleontological Museum of Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg. It comes from Bialozirka (Fig. 25), which was not listed by Eichwald as locality of this species. Therefore, it cannot be designated as lectotype of Natica distincta .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Probably shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Bilozirka, Mala Bilka, Staro-Poczaiow, Zalistsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Eichwald 1929; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66026FFD1FF00F884FC95FB5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66024FFD0FF00FAB4FC0DFD66.text	03A687A66024FFD0FF00FAB4FC0DFD66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tectonatica tectula (Sacco 1890)	<div><p>Tectonatica tectula (Sacco, 1890)</p><p>Figs 2H, 24C 1 –C 4</p><p>* Natica (Tectonatica) tectula Sacc.— Sacco 1890: 33 .</p><p>Natica (Tectonatica) tectula Sacc.— Sacco, 1891: 81, pl. 2, fig. 53.</p><p>Natica (Tectonatica) tectula Bon.— Boettger 1902: 82 .</p><p>Natica (Tectonatica) tectula Bon.— Boettger 1906: 90 .</p><p>Tectonatica tectula (Sacco, 1890) — Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008a: 110, pl. 2, figs 7–9, 19, 20, pl. 3, figs 9, 22–23. Tectonatica tectula (Sacco, 1890) — Landau et al. 2011: 16, pl. 5, fig. 10.</p><p>Tectonatica tectula (Sacco, 1890) — Robba et al. 2016: 156, pl. 6, figs 13–15.</p><p>Tectonatica tectula (Sacco, 1890) — Landau et al. 2013: 102, pl. 11, fig. 6 (cum syn.).</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated by Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008a: 110), BS.029.04.001/01, Villalvernia (Italy), Pliocene.</p><p>Illustrated material. SFM 366841, SL: 4.6 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2H, 24C 1 –C 4.</p><p>Revised description (based on Paratethyan material). Very small, elongate ovate to depressed ovate, glossy shell of two teleoconch whorls; slightly higher than wide (SL /MD = ~1.1). Protoconch low turbiniform of about 2.5 convex whorls. Spire weakly elevated, broad conical with moderately to weakly convex whorls; apical angle ~110–130°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, steep, almost flat subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Subsutural ramp with delicate spiral threads. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~90–95% of total height. Regularly convex below subsutural ramp. Periphery below mid-whorl (~40%). Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and close-set at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped, moderately prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), close to shoulder. Aperture attaining ~80% of total height. Columellar lip straight, solid, basal lip weakly thickened, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~15–30°. Prominent opercular ridge in outer lip. Umbilicus fully sealed by semicircular, plug-like, flattish umbilical callus. Deep, narrow umbilical chink of slightly variable width. Parietal callus long (~53%), weakly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin, fused with umbilical callus. Base solid, rounded. For operculum of Pliocene specimens see Pedriali et al. (2008a: 111).</p><p>Discussion. This species could be mistaken for Tectonatica distincta (Eichwald, 1829) but differs in its wider last whorl, weakly incised suture, depressed conical spire and larger umbilical callus which leaves a narrower umbilical chink.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).</p><p>(Proto-)Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Valle Ceppi (Italy) (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008a). Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin, Akpınar, Seyithasan (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Borelli (Italy) (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008a). Pliocene: Estepona Basin (Spain) (Landau et al. 2013); central Mediterranean Sea (Taly) (Pedriali &amp; Robba, 2008a).</p><p>Northeastern Atlantic. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Orthez (France) (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008a). Pliocene: Guadalquivir Basin, Spain (Landau et al., 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66024FFD0FF00FAB4FC0DFD66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E.text	03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tectonatica scutaria Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Tectonatica scutaria nov. nom.</p><p>Figs 26A–B</p><p>* Natica transgrediens Schaff. var. elata Schaff.— Schaffer 1912: 166, pl. 54, figs 12–14 [non Natica alderi var. elata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg &amp; Dollfus, 1883].</p><p>N [atica]. (N [acca].) transgrediens elata Schff.— Sieber 1958: 140 [non Natica alderi var. elata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg &amp; Dollfus, 1883].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena helicina Brocchi— Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964: 175, pl. 13, figs 5–6 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): KM FI 1166, SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 14.8 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 13), Figs 26A 1 –A 4 . Paralectotype: KM FI 1167, SL: 17.1 mm, MD: 15.0 mm, Maria Dreieichen (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 14), Figs 26B 1 –B 4 .</p><p>Etymology. Scutarius, Latin for shield-bearing, referring to the umbilical features.</p><p>Revised description. Small, elongate ovate shell of about three teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL/MD = ~1.1). Protoconch unknown. Spire moderately high conical with moderately convex whorls; apical angle ~98°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, steep, concave subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~93% of total height. Regularly convex below faint shoulder angulation. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~46%). Growth lines weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery (note that surface of the specimens is corroded).Aperture relatively narrow, high D-shaped, moderately prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~82%). Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip straight, solid, basal lip thickened, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~5°. Opercular ridge in outer lip not preserved. Umbilicus largely filled by thick, shield-like, semicircular umbilical callus, slightly sunken into umbilicus, covering broad funicle. Parietal callus long (~53%), strongly thickened, slightly expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus fused with umbilical callus. Distinct umbilical channel encircling umbilical callus. Base solid, rounded. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This species was established by Schaffer (1912) as a variety of Natica transgrediens Schaffer, 1912, which is placed herein in Cochlis . They differ in the open umbilicus of Cochlis transgrediens and its more globose outline. The name Natica elata is preoccupied by Natica alderi elata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg &amp; Dollfus, 1883 [= Euspira nitida (Donovan, 1803)]. Therefore, we propose Tectonatica scutaria as a replacement name.</p><p>The coeval Tectonatica miocolligens (Sacco, 1890), from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), shares very similar umbilical features but differs in its lower spire, resulting in a more spherical shape (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 1–6). Tectonatica dertomamilla (Sacco, 1890), from the Late Miocene of the Po Basin (Italy), has a similar outline but differs in its narrower and shorter umbilical channel and the lower spire (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 5, figs 12–13). Tectonatica tectula (Sacco, 1890), from the Tortonian to Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea, differs in its wider shell and the nearly sealed umbilicus with narrow umbilical channel (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008a: pl. 2, figs 8–9; Robba et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 13–15).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The section Maria Dreieichen (Austria) exposed shallow sublittoral environments with sand bottoms in few meters water depth (Mandic et al. 2004).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Maria Dreieichen (Austria) (Schaffer 1912). Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66022FFD6FF00FF3BFAD6FD8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66.text	03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolinices Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Genus Pseudolinices nov. gen.</p><p>Type species. Natica empina De Gregorio, 1885, Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys Sea .</p><p>Etymology. A combination of pseudo - (Greek for false) and Polinices, referring to the confusion with Polinices in the literature; masculine.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized to large, solid, globose-ovate with large last whorl and weakly gradate spire; columella strongly reinforced; parietal callus strongly swollen, fused with very large, flattish umbilical callus; umbilicus fully or largely filled by callus; some species with narrow umbilical chink; calcareous operculum moderately thick; outer surface weakly concave, with weak outer ridge, straight inner margin, smooth. Inners surface weakly convex, smooth except for distinct growth lines, nucleus not protruding; color pattern of large dots, blotches.</p><p>Description. See description for type species and additional species included in Pseudolinices herein.</p><p>Included species. Natica (Polinices) proredempta Sacco, 1890, Burdigalian (Early Miocene), Proto-Mediterranean Sea (Italy) (Robba et al. 2016). Natica redempta Michelotti, 1847, Langhian to Serravallian, northeastern Atlantic (France, Portugal) (Glibert 1952a; Landau et al. 2013), Serravallian to Tortonian (Middle to Late Miocene), Proto-Mediterranean Sea (Italy, Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013; Robba et al. 2016), Lower Pliocene (Spain), Atlantic and Mediterranean adjacent to Strait of Gibraltar (Landau et al., 2011; Landau &amp; Harzhauser, in press). Natica (Polynices) pseudoredempta Friedberg, 1923, Karpatian and Badenian (Early and Middle Miocene), Central Paratethys Sea (Austria, Hungary, Poland) (hoc opus). Natica (Polynices) staszici Friedberg, 1923, Central Paratethys Sea (Poland, Ukraine) (hoc opus). Natica empina De Gregorio, 1885, Karpatian and Badenian (Early and Middle Miocene), Central Paratethys Sea (Austria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria) (hoc opus).</p><p>Discussion. Members of this genus have so far been placed in the Polinicinae genus Polinices Montfort, 1810 [type species Polinices albus de Montfort, 1810 [= Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)], present-day, Indo-West Pacific]. The subfamilies Polinicinae and Naticinae are generally distinguished by the presence of a calcareous operculum in Naticidae whereas Polinicinae develop a corneous operculum (Kilburn 1976; Marincovich 1977). Although calcareous layers may also occur in Polinicinae, these do not form fully calcified opercula (Dell 1990; Pastorino 2005). Unexpectedly, Pseudolinices empina bears a solid, calcareous operculum, which questions the traditional placement of these shells in Polinicinae . Rarely do Naticinae specimens found in the Paratethyan assemblages have their operculum preserved in situ. However, the specimen illustrated here was found by our team and therefore the operculum can be ascribed to the specimen with confidence. Once the possibility of this species being in the Naticinae is considered, other differences between a group of European Neogene species traditionally placed in Polinices from the Indo-West Pacific emerge. In addition, we note that Pseudolinices tend to form slightly gradate spires, whereas Polinices have conical spires with a poorly incised suture. The general outline of Pseudolinices (e.g., P. empina, P. redemptus and especially of P. staszici) is globose with strongly convex adapical parts of the teleoconch whorls, unlike Polinices species with broad, flat, steep subsutural ramps. Polinices shells are typically glossy, which is not the case in Pseudolinices . Finally, Pseudolinices empina and Pseudolinices redemptus display very prominent color patterns of large dots and blotches, whereas Polinices species have a whitish appearance without color patterns. The color pattern of Pseudolinices is much closer to those developed in Naticinae . Therefore, we propose to place this species group in Naticinae . Pseudolinices seems to be an example of convergent evolution resulting in a Polinices- like morphology within Naticinae . Therefore, most Miocene European Naticidae species placed in Polinices in the literature are transferred to the Naticidae genus Pseudolinices herein. An exception is Natica (Polinices) submamilla Sacco, 1891 from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), which might be a real Polinices (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 13, figs 11–14).</p><p>The extant cold-water genus Cryptonatica Dall, 1892 [type species Natica clausa Broderip &amp; G.B. Sowerby I, 1829 = Cryptonatica affinis (Gmelin, 1791), present-day,Arctic waters] is superficially reminiscent of Pseudolinices but differs in its globular outline, slightly weaker parietal callus, often wider umbilical chink, and the uniform color. Moreover, its cold water environment excludes a closer relation with Pseudolinices, which occurred in subtropical environments.</p><p>The operculum found in P. empina differs from other Naticinae genera in being almost completely smooth; the inner ridge is only developed at the base, the outer ridge is very weak, and the central callus is not delimited, whereas in Cochlis the inner and outer ridges and central callus are well developed and in Naticarius there are more numerous ridges (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2005; pl. 10). Tectonatica species also have a relatively simple operculum with one groove delimited by a more or less wide, flattened peripheral band and no or weak central callus (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008; pl. 3), quite unlike that of P. empina . A weak opercular ridge is developed in P. empina and P. staszici, but not P. pseudoredemptus . However, the opercular ridge is not exclusive to Naticinae, as it is also weakly developed in a few Polinicinae (e.g., Euspira merlei nov. sp. and Figovina szobiensis (Strausz, 1959), inter alia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66023FFD5FF00FDC6FF5DFD66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.text	03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio 1885) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 2I, 27–29</p><p>Natica cepacea Lam.—Pusch 1837: 102, pl. 9, fig. 13 [non Cepatia cepacea (Lamarck, 1804)].</p><p>Natica cepacea Lam.—Pusch 1836: 543 [non Cepatia cepacea (Lamarck, 1804)].</p><p>Michelotti 1847</p><p>[ Natica] compressa Bast.— Hörnes 1848: 22 [non Globularia compressa (de Basterot, 1825)].</p><p>[ Natica] compressa— Naumann 1852: pl. 69, fig. 13 [non Globularia compressa (de Basterot, 1825)].</p><p>[ Natica] compressa Bast.— Naumann 1854: 1065 [non Globularia compressa (de Basterot, 1825)].</p><p>Natica redempta Micht.—Hörnes 1856: 522, pl. 47, fig. 3 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Natica redempta — Quenstedt 1881: 261, pl. 194, figs 10, 12 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>* Natica redempta Michelotti var. empina De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885: 87 [for Natica redempta in Hörnes 1856: pl. 47, fig. 3].</p><p>Natica (Polinices) redempta Michti— Boettger 1902: 83 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Natica ( Poliniceps [sic]) redempta Micht. var.— Friedberg 1923: 433, pl. 26, figs 6–7 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polynices redempta Micht. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 42 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polynices staszici Friedberg — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 43, pl. 2, fig. 13 [non Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923)].</p><p>Polynices redempta (Michelotti) — Glibert 1952a: 253, pl. 2, figs h–i [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) redempta Mich. var.— Korobkov 1955: pl. 42, figs 6–7 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Natica (Polynices) redempta Micht. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 433 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>P [olinices]. (P [olinices].) redemptus (Micht.) — Sieber 1958: 139 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>P [olinices]. (P [olinices].) proredemptus Sacco— Sieber 1958: 139 [non Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890)].</p><p>Natica redempta Micht.— Eremija 1959: pl. 2, figs 8–8a [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polinices redempta Michelotti— Strachimirov 1960: 268, pl. 6, figs 4–4a [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) redempta var. dertoconvexa Sacco 1891 – Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 120, pl. 33, fig. 6 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Natica (Polinices) redempta Micht.— Florei 1961: 684, pl. 8, fig. 59 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Natica (Polynices) redempta staszici Friedberg, 1928 —Strauss 1966: 232, pl. 47, figs 33–35, pl. 48, figs 1–4 [non Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) redemptus (Micht.) — Stancu &amp; Andreescu 1968: 462, pl. 3, fig. 32 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) redemptus scalariformis (Michelotti, 1847) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 135, pl. 32, fig. 15 [non Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) proredemptus Sacco, 1891 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 135, pl. 32, fig. 16 [non Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) proredemptus scalariformis Sacco, 1904 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 136, pl. 32, fig. 18 [non Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890)].</p><p>Polynices redempta Micht. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 23, pl. 5, fig. 16 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices (Polinices) redempta dertoconvexa Sacco—Atanacković 1969: 201, pl. 10, fig. 1 [non Pseudolinices redemptus</p><p>(Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices redempta dertoconvexa Sacco— Eremija 1971: 72, pl. 7, fig. 5 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices redemptus (Micht.) — Stancu et al. 1971: 125, pl. 6, figs 6–7 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Natica (Polinices) redempta Michelotti, 1847 — Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973: 170, pl. 25, figs 1–2 [non Pseudolinices redemptus</p><p>(Michelotti, 1847)]. Polynices redempta (Micht.) — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1158, pl. 9, fig. 9 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Natica redempta Micht.— Urbaniak 1974: 39, pl. 14, figs 4a–b. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847) — Švagrovský 1982: 32, pl. 10, fig. 2 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti,</p><p>1847)]. Polinices (Polinices) redempta dertoconvexa Sacco 1891 — Atanacković 1985: 131, pl. 30, figs 1–2 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti) — Bałuk 1995: 198, pl. 15, figs 7–8 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polinices (Polinices) proredemptus Sacco— Schultz 1998: 58, pl. 22, fig. 9 [non Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890)]. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847) — Harzhauser 2002: 88, pl. 5, figs 5–6 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti,</p><p>1847)]. Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847) — Landau et al. 2013: 105, pl. 11, fig. 7, pl. 79, fig. 7 [non Pseudolinices redemptus</p><p>(Michelotti, 1847)]. non Natica (Polynices) redempta Michelotti, 1847 — Strausz 1966 (pars): 231, pl. 47, figs 19–31 [= Pseudolinices pseudoredempta</p><p>(Friedberg, 1923)]. non Polynices redempta Micht. —Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: pl. 5, fig. 17 [= Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995)]. non Polinices cf. redemptus (Michelotti 1847) — Pfister &amp; Wegmüller 2007: 101, pl. 17, figs 10–18 [unidentifiable internal casts].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1855 /0002/0029a, SL: 56.5 mm, MD: 58.0 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: 47, figs 3a–b), Figs 27A 1 –A 4.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0244/0001, SL: 57.3 mm, MD: 59.6 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 27B 1 –B 4. NHMW 2024/0236/0020, SL: 53.5 mm, MD: 47.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 27C 1 –C 4. NHMW 2024/0236/0021, SL: 49.2 mm, MD: 46.0 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 27D 1 –D 4. NHMW 2024/0236/0022, SL: 23.5 mm, MD: 25.9 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 28A 1 –A 3. NHMW 1858/0038/0188, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 23.3 mm, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), 29A 1 –A 3. NHMW 1876/0037/0437, SL: 37.8 mm, MD: 32.8 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), 29B 1 –B 3. NHMW A1269, SL: 53.6 mm, MD: 47.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2I, 29C 1 –C 2.</p><p>Additional material. 4spec., NHMW 2024 /0245/0001, Guntersdorf (Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1855 /0002/0029, Grund (Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1851 /0026/0049, Grund (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/0593, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1868 /0001/0050, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0966, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/1015, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 7 spec., NHMW 2024 /0246/0001, Enzesfeld (Austria) ; 18 spec., NHMW 1866 /0040/0341, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Large, very robust, globose-ovate shell of 3.5 teleoconch whorls, about as high as wide (SL /MD = ~0.9–1.1). Protoconch of ~2.5 convex whorls. Spire moderately high to low conical; apical angle 120– 125°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf, becoming weakly concave close to aperture. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~95% of total height. Regularly convex below rounded shoulder. Prominent subsutural groove appears on last 2/3 of last whorl. Periphery below mid-whorl (~43%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak at periphery. Aperture wide D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~87%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~80– 83% of total height. Columellar lip very broad, reinforced; basal lip slightly expanded, thick; outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~25–32°. Opercular ridge in outer lip occasionally forming weak groove behind peristome. Umbilicus wide, fully sealed by thick umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~75%), adapically strongly thickened, with concave margin. No anterior lobe. Umbilical callus flattish, encircled by narrow, shallow groove, fused with parietal callus. Basal fasciole broad, weak, rounded with slightly more prominent growth lines. Color pattern of medium-sized to large, sub-circular to weakly elongate, dark dots on light ground. Operculum simple, moderately thick; outer surface weakly concave, with weak outer ridge, straight inner margin, smooth. Inners surface weakly convex, smooth except for distinct growth lines, nucleus not protruding.</p><p>Discussion. Pseudolinices redemptus, from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene of the Proto-/Mediterranean Sea, differs in its more elongate outline and the weak concavity on the abapical margin of the umbilical callus. Moreover, Pseudolinices redemptus has dark, crescent-shaped blotches (see Robba et al. 2016; pl. 13, figs 7–10). Bałuk (1995, p. 198) noted the variability in the color pattern, which consists of medium sized dark dots or spots on a light background or vice versa. Specimens from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin (Turkey) show a similar color pattern of close-set dots of variable size (Landau et al. 2013: pl. 79, fig. 7).</p><p>The specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 3) was tentatively identified as Polinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890) by Robba et al. (2016: 196). However, Pseudolinices proredemptus, from the Burdigalian of Italy, differs in its much smaller size, spherical shape, flat umbilical callus and lacks a groove encompassing the umbilical callus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 13, figs 4–6).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Stetten, Wetzleinsdorf (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Ukrainian-Polish Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zgłobice (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld, Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hörnes 1856), Mikulov, Moravská Třebová (Czech Republic) (Quenstedt 1881); Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Pannonian Basin: Hidas (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950), Glina (Croatia) (Eremija 1959); Southern Pannonian Basin: Čaklovica, Hrvaćani, Miljevići, (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Prnjavor Basin: Reljevac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Eremija 1971); Cserhát Mountains: Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi (Romania) (Stancu &amp; Andreescu 1968); Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971); Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973); Banat: Zorlenţul-Mare (Romania) (Florei 1961); Dacian Basin: Opanets, Staropatitsa, Tyrnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66020FFC9FF00FCEEFF6EFF6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603CFFC8FF00FEE6FA8BF861.text	03A687A6603CFFC8FF00FEE6FA8BF861.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg 1923) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 30A–D</p><p>* Natica ( Poliniceps [sic]) pseudoredempta Friedb.— Friedberg 1923: 434, pl. 26, fig. 12, text-fig. 78.</p><p>Polynices redempta Micht.— Strausz 1954: 23, pl. 6, figs 131a–d [non Pseudolinices redempta (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) pseudoredempta (Friedberg 1923) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 120, pl. 33, figs 8–9.</p><p>? Polynices (Lunatia) ex gr. proredempta Sacco— Kókay 1966: 55, pl. 7, fig. 7.</p><p>? Polynices redempta dertoconvexa Sacco— Kókay 1966: 55, pl. 7, fig. 8 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)]. Polynices pseudoredempta (Friedberg) — Kókay 1966: 55, pl. 7, fig. 9.</p><p>Natica (Polynices) redempta Michelotti, 1847 — Strausz 1966 (pars): 231, pl. 47, figs 19–31 [non Pseudolinices redempta (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 135, pl. 32, fig. 17.</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) redempta Micht.— Popović &amp; Gagić 1969: 99, pl. 8, fig. 12.</p><p>Polinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) — Bałuk 1995: 197, pl. 15, fig. 6.</p><p>Euspira catena helicina (Brocchi) — Popa &amp; Chira 1999: 400, pl. 3, fig. 8 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) — Harzhauser 2002: 87, pl. 5, figs 1–4.</p><p>Polinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) — Bałuk 2006: 206, pl. 3, fig. 7.</p><p>non Polinices pseudoredempta (Friedberg) — Ionesi &amp; Nicorici 1994: 58, pl. 2, fig. 11 [= Euspira sp.].</p><p>non Polinices cf. pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) — Höltke 2009: 88, fig. 34 [= Euspira sp.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SL: 18.1 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Friedberg (1923: pl. 26, fig. 12).</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0247/0001, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30A 1 –A 4. NHMW 2024/0247/0003, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 11.0 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30B 1 –B 4. NHMW 2024/0247/0004, SL: 12.3 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30C 1 –C 4. NHMW 2024/0247/0005, SL: 10.8 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 30D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Additional material. 55 spec., NHMW 1861 /0050/0156, Kleinebersdorf (Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0440, Kleinebersdorf (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0049, Grossrussbach (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1861 /0050/0036, Rückersdorf (Austria) ; 4 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0262, Weinsteig (Austria) ; 70 spec., NHMW 2024 /0248/0001, Karnabrunn (Austria) .</p><p>Revised description. Small, solid, elongate ovate shell with high spire; higher than wide (SL /MD = 1.1– 1.3). Spire high turbiniform, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 95–140°. Protoconch low turbiniform, of 2.5 smooth, convex whorls. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, convex subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Last whorl allometrically expanding, basally inflated, attaining ~95% of total height. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~38%). Growth lines delicate, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate, prosocline at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~78%), far below shoulder, below mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip slightly strongly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~35°. Opercular ridge in outer lip not developed. Umbilicus fully sealed by very prominent, thickened, pad-like, often strongly convex callus. Parietal callus very long (~80%), strongly thickened with prominent adapical swelling, slightly expanding, with straight margin. Anterior lobe fused with parietal and umbilical callus. Basal fasciole solid, rounded to weakly angled. Color pattern and operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923) is a unique species due to its often strongly allometrically grown last whorl with the suture shifting far below the shoulder of the penultimate whorl. Its small size and elongate outline distinguish it distinctly from Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885) . In addition, its thick, pad-like umbilical callus is highly characteristic and separates it from other Circum-Mediterranean Neogene Pseudolinices species. Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus is quite variable in shape, which might be a result of its adaptation to strong environmental fluctuations (see below).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic. Occurrences from the Korneuburg Basin in Austria indicate mudflats of coastal lagoons (Harzhauser 2002) and Bałuk (1995, p. 198) suggested that Pseudolinices pseudoredemptus was also a brackish-water species.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Helfens, Hipples, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Leobendorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Rückersdorf, Stetten, Weinsteig, Wetzleinsdorf (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002; hoc opus). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica, Małoszów (Poland) (Friedberg 1923; Bałuk 2006); Pannonian Basin: Herend-Marko, Várpalota (Hungary) (Hörnes 1856; Strausz 1966); Timok Basin: Pivinčka Reka (Serbia) (Popović &amp; Gagić 1969): Borod Basin: Borehole 575 at Cetea (Romania) (Popa &amp; Chira 1999); Mehadia Basin: Valea Calvei, Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6603CFFC8FF00FEE6FA8BF861	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6603AFFCDFF00FF3BFC02F8D3.text	03A687A6603AFFCDFF00FF3BFC02F8D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg 1923) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Pseudolinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 31–33</p><p>* Natica ( Poliniceps [sic]) Staszici Friedb. — Friedberg 1923: 435, pl. 26, fig. 9 [not fig. 8 = undeterminable].</p><p>Natica Staszici Friedb.— Friedberg 1938: 66 .</p><p>Natica staszici Friedb.— Urbaniak 1974: 39, pl. 14, figs 2a–b.</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam., 1822 — Yanakevich 1980: 113, pl. 18, fig. 3 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Yanakevich 1980: 113, pl. 18, fig. 4 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Yanakevich 1987: 66, pl. 4, fig. 13 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Yanakevich 1987: 67, pl. 4, fig. 14 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices staszici (Friedberg, 1923) — Pedriali et al. 2019: 185, pl. 32.1–5.</p><p>non Polynices staszici Friedberg — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 43, pl. 2, fig. 13 [= Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885)].</p><p>non Natica (Polynices) redempta staszici Friedberg, 1928 —Strauss 1966: 232, pl. 47, figs 33–35, pl. 48, figs 1–4 [= Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SL: 16.0 mm, MD: 16.2 mm, Tarnoruda (Ukraine), illustrated in Friedberg (1923: pl. 26, fig. 9); we are not aware of the whereabouts of the type material.</p><p>Illustrated material. 5904/126, SL: 34.6 mm, MD: 36.8 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 33A 1 –A 4 . SPSU 3 /458, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 30.6 mm, syntype of Natica eximia Eichwald, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32D 1 –D 4 . PIN 5904 /127, SL: 24.8 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 32C 1 –C 4 . PIN 5904 /128, SL: 19.8 mm, MD: 20.2 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 32D 1 –D 4 . PIN 5904 /129, SL: 38.7 mm, MD: 37.2 mm, Ripyntsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32A 1 –A 4 . PIN 5904 /130, SL: 25.4 mm, MD: 24, 7 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32B 1 –B 4 . PIN 5904 /131, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 21.2 mm, Ripyntsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 32C 1 –C 4 . PIN 5904 /132, SL: 20 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 31A 1 –A 4 . PIN 5904 /133, SL: 25.4 mm, MD: 25.8 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 32B 1 –B 4 .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized to large, solid, globose shell; about as high as wide or slightly wider (SL /MD = 1.0). Spire moderately high turbiniform with convex whorls; apical angle 106–123°. Protoconch low turbiniform; transition into teleoconch unclear. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with moderately broad subsutural ramp, delimited by rounded shoulder. Last whorl moderately expanding, slightly inflated, attaining ~90% of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~40%). Growth lines prominent, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate, prosocline at periphery. Aperture wide, D-shaped. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~75–85%). Aperture attaining 70–78% of total height. Columellar lip strongly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~18–33°. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak to subobsolete. Umbilicus from largely sealed by very broad, semi-circular umbilical callus with flat to slightly convex surface to half opened, restricted abaperturally by almost flat columellar callus with straight rim adapically and rounded one abapically. Rim of columellar callus gradually sunken in all cases, especially abapically, due to very broad umbilical callus separated from umbilical wall by narrow chink. Parietal callus moderately long (~44%), strongly thickened by adapical swelling, with distinctly concave margin. Anterior lobe developed to absent. Parietal callus and umbilical callus broadly fused. Basal fasciole solid, rounded. Operculum with smooth outer surface or with one distinct marginal groove along outer rim, and with flat central callus.</p><p>Discussion. Pseudolinices staszici seems to be another species endemic to the late Badenian of the Fore-Carpathian Basin. It displays considerable variability in columellar callosity. Two morphs predominate: one is characterized by its broad columellar callus filling the umbilicus completely, although some specimens of this morph have a slightly constricted columellar callus, leaving a narrow umbilical chink. A thickened and adapically expanding parietal callus is characteristic for this morph, which thus is close to Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885) . The second morph is characterized by a reduced columellar callus covering only about half of the umbilicus. Intermediates between these extreme morphs occur.</p><p>The apparent broad umbilical chink of a shell from the Pannonian Basin, identified as Polynices staszici by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1950) does not represent that species, but is a pathological specimen of Pseudolinices empina (De Gregorio, 1885) .</p><p>Pseudolinices staszici differs from Pseudolinices empina in its smaller size, usually higher spire and typically wider umbilical chink (although the latter feature is variable). In addition, it lacks the characteristic subsutural spiral groove on the last teleoconch whorl, which occurs in Pseudolinices empina and P. redempta (Michelotti, 1847) . Pseudolinices staszici was tentatively treated as synonym of the Burdigalian Polinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890) by Robba et al. (2016: 196) but described as full species by Pedriali et al. (2019), with whom we agree. Pseudolinices proredemptus (Sacco, 1890) has a wider, nearly circular umbilical callus and lacks a significant umbilical chink (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 13, figs 4–6).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów (Nadrichne), Zgłobice (Poland); Dibrova, Gorodok, Lisogirka, Postolivka (on river Zbruch), Ripyntsi, Smotrich (village), Stara Pisochna, Tarnoruda, Tsikova, Varivtsi, Velyka Levada, Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Oles’ko, Yaseniv (Lviv Region), Shushkivtsi, Staryi Pochaiv, Zalistsi, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1923; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus); Moldovan Platform: Bursuc, Gîrbova (Moldova) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6603AFFCDFF00FF3BFC02F8D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFCCFF00FA82FF73FA66.text	03A687A66039FFCCFF00FA82FF73FA66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polinicinae J. E. Gray 1847	<div><p>Subfamily Polinicinae J.E. Gray, 1847</p><p>Genus Euspira Agassiz, 1837</p><p>Type species. Natica glaucinoides J. Sowerby, 1812; subsequent designation by Bucquoy et al. (1883: 143). Eocene, British Isles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66039FFCCFF00FA82FF73FA66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.text	03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira amitrovi Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira amitrovi nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 34A–C, 35A</p><p>? Natica millepunctata Lmk.— Mikhailovsky 1903: 61, 222, pl. 4, figs 16–19 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Volkova 1955: 36 (pars), pl. 22, fig. 5 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 — Volkova 1974: 93 (pars), pl. 11, fig. 5 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>? Natica millepunctata Lmck.— Zhgenti 1981: 162, pl. 10, fig. 1 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>? Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Linné— Zhgenti 1991: 72, pl. 42, fig. 8 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: PIN 5904 /115, SL: 14 mm, MD: 14.4 mm, Belaya River, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 34A 1 –A 4, 35A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes: PIN 5904 /116, SL: 11.7 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Novo-Kuvinsk, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 34B 1 –B 4 . PIN 5904 /117, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Otradnaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 34C 1 –C 4 .</p><p>Type locality. Belaya River, Russia .</p><p>Type stratum. Aleuritic clay.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Oleg V. Amitrov, explorer of Paleogene gastropods.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, robust, globose shell with moderately low conical spire, narrow subsutural shelf, moderately expanding last whorl, wide and deep umbilicus, fully reduced funicle; strongly thickened parietal callus fused with solid, elongate-trigonal umbilical callus.</p><p>Description. Small, robust, globose shell of five whorls (SL/MD = ~1.0). Embryonal shell of less than one whorl, spirally sculptured. Number of protoconch whorls unknown. Spire moderately low conical; apical angle 118– 133°. Suture linear, narrowly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly concave subsutural shelf. Shoulder angulation absent to faint. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~95% of total height. Periphery placed just below mid-whorl (~45%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, most prominent at adapical suture, weak at periphery. Several prominent growth lines occur on terminal third of last whorl. Aperture wide, Dshaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~80–85%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~75–77% of total height. Columellar lip broad, strongly reinforced; basal lip solid, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~12–17°. Opercular ridge in outer lip subobsolete. Umbilicus wide (~17%), deep with prominent growth lines, with rounded or weakly angled periphery. Parietal callus long (~50%), strongly thickened, with prominent swelling at adapical tip, with straight to weakly concave margin, not expanding over base. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thick, narrow. Funicle not visible. Umbilical callus elongate trigonal, fused with parietal callus. Basal fasciole broad, rounded. No color pattern preserved. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Discussion. Euspira amitrovi nov. sp. is a very rare Tarkhanian naticid of the Eastern Paratethys, which occurs together with Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) . It is superficially reminiscent of Cochlis degregorioi nov. sp. from the Central Paratethys but differs in its robust, umbilical callus, which is fused with the columellar callus and in its reduced funicle. The Early Miocene Cochlis gebhardti nov. sp. has a similar umbilicus with broad, low funicle but has a weaker parietal callus and its last whorl is more expanding.</p><p>Zhgenti (1991: pl. 42, fig. 8) illustrated a late Konkian shell from Privol’nyi, which was originally illustrated in Zhgenti (1981: pl. 10, fig. 1) as Chokrakian shell deriving from Sychevaya Mountain near Khopersk (rightly Michurinskii, earlier known as Khoperskii). The first interpretation seems to be correct because the shell indeed looks like Euspira amitrovi and Sychevaya Mountain is known as Chokrakian locality with numerous redeposited Tarkhanian shells.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Belaya River (Adygea), Novo-Kuvinsk (Karachay-Cherkessia), Otradnaya (Krasnodar Krai), Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali (Georgia) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66039FFC2FF00F9B3FD14FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66037FFC0FF00FADCFA98FD66.text	03A687A66037FFC0FF00FADCFA98FD66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira eblera (De Gregorio 1885) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 2J, 36A–D</p><p>Natica helicina Brocc.—Hörnes 1856: 525 (pars), pl. 47, fig. 7 [not fig. 6 = Euspira vinitor nov. sp.]</p><p>* Natica eblera De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885: 87 [for Natica helicina in Hörnes 1856: pl. 47, fig. 7].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena helicina Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 228 (pars), pl. 49, figs 3–5 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Euspira catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Švagrovský 1981: 141, pl. 45, figs 4, 6 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia catena helicina (Brocchi) — Schultz 1998: 58, pl. 22, fig. 11 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype. NHMW 1855 /0045/0968a, SL: 23.8 mm, MD: 22.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 7), Figs 36A 1 –A 4.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1846/0037/00445a, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 19.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Fig. 2J. NHMW 1855/0045/0968b, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 23.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 36B 1 –B 4. NHMW 1846/0037/00445a, SL: 21.9 mm, MD: 19.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 36C 1 –C 4. NHMW 1846/0037/00445b, SL: 22.6 mm, MD: 21.9 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 36D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Additional material. NHMW 1846 /0037/00445b, SL: 20.3 mm, MD: 19.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 5 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0968, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 5 spec. , NHMW 2024 /0241/0001, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 17 spec. , NHMW 1997 z0178/1807, Ritzing (Austria); 10 spec. , NHMW 2016 /0177/0436, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, weakly elongate-globose, solid shell of ~4.5 teleoconch whorls; usually slightly higher than wide (SL /MD = 1.0–1.1). Protoconch low turbiniform, of 2.75 convex whorls. Spire moderately elevated, low conical; apical angle 115–127°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with broad, low subsutural cord and narrow, weakly concave subsutural shelf delimited by prominent shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~88–95% of total height, moderately convex below shoulder, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~43%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and delicate at periphery. Aperture moderately wide D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~75%), slightly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~68–76% of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip broad, reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~18–25°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~13%), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~57%), strongly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus prominent, expanding, relatively narrow. Funicle close to anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, depressed, narrow forming prominent semicircular knob, separated from anterior lobe by narrow transverse groove. Abapical sulcus broad, weakly concave. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern of uniform tan.</p><p>Discussion. Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885) is characterized by the weak subsutural cord, narrow subsutural shelf with distinct shoulder angulation and the knob-like funicle, which is separated by a narrow groove from the prominent anterior lobe of the parietal callus. Despite these features, it was mixed up by Hörnes (1856) and in the collection of the NHMW with other small Naticidae species, such as Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) and Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp., which were all misidentified as ‘ Natica helicina’. Euspira protracta differs in its higher spire and simple umbilical callus. Payraudeautia profunda has a comparable outline but differs in its prominent spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau (Austria) (hoc opus), Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1981); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria); Pannonian Basin: Devecser, Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66037FFC0FF00FADCFA98FD66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.text	03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira incus Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira incus nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2N, 37A 1 –A 4</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2024 /0240/0002, SL: 17.3 mm, MD: 18.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2N, 37A 1 –A 4.</p><p>Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Incus, Latin for anvil, referring to the knob-like umbilical callus; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, depressed globular shell with low conical spire, strongly expanding last whorl, narrow umbilical groove with knob-like umbilical callus and prominent anterior lobe of parietal callus.</p><p>Description. Small, depressed globular shell of four teleoconch whorls; slightly wider than high (SL/MD = ~0.9); spire low conical of strongly convex whorls, apical angle 125°. Protoconch poorly preserved, low turbiniform of about two convex whorls. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with indistinct subsutural ramp, poorly delimited by widely rounded shoulder. Periphery and base strongly convex. Last whorl strongly inflated, attaining ~90% of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~44%). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete, prosocline at periphery. Aperture D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~80% of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~87%), slightly below shoulder. Opercular ride weak. Columellar lip strongly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip not preserved. Columellar angle ~28°. Parietal callus long (~58%), strongly thickened with prominent adapical swelling and deeply concave margin; not expanding over base. Anterior lobe moderately thick, forming short tongue. Umbilicus narrow (~9%), moderately deep, reduced to semicircular groove; funicle not visible. Umbilical callus knob-like, semicircular, separated from anterior lobe by concavity. Basal fasciole solid, weakly angled towards aperture.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its knob-like umbilical callus delimited by a relatively narrow umbilical groove. Euspira umbilicocarinata Robba, Pedriali &amp; Quaggiotto, 2016, from the Late Miocene of Italy, is reminiscent of Euspira incus nov. sp. but has a smaller umbilical knob (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 10, fig. 5). Note that an opercular ridge can be present in Polinicinae although their operculum is not calcified.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66035FFC0FF00FCEFFE9BF8E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.text	03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira merlei Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira merlei nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2K, 38–39</p><p>Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847) — Popa et al. 2014: 11, pl. 2, fig. 7 [non Pseudolinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1890 /0001/0336a, SL: 30.2 mm, MD: 25.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 38B 1 –B 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 1890 /0001/0336b, SL: 33.3 mm, MD: 29.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 38A 1 –A 4, 39B 1 –B 3 . NHMW 1890 /0001/0336c, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 20.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2K, 38C 1 –C 4, 39C 1 –C 3 . NHMW 1873 /1615/0017a, SL: 25.0 mm, MD: 22.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 39A 1 –A 3 . NHMW 1873 /1615/0017b, SL: 14.9 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 39D 1 –D 3 .</p><p>Additional material. 7 spec., NHMW 1873 /1615/0017, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) , 14 spec., NHMW A1260, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0231/0004, SL: 25.8 mm, MD: 25.1 mm, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 38D 1 – D 4. MD: 29.4 mm, coll.Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39E 1 –E 2. SL: 27.6 mm, MD: 25.8 mm, coll. Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39F 1 –F 2. SL: 24.3 mm, MD: 24.9 mm, coll. Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39G 1 –G 2. MD: 23.4 mm, coll. Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria), Figs 39H 1 – H 2.</p><p>Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, Badenian.</p><p>Etymology. In honor of our friend Didier Merle (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) in recognition of his contributions on fossil Muricidae .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, solid, ovate-naticiform shell with high spire and high last whorl, ovate umbilicus narrowed by trigonal umbilical callus fused with thickened parietal callus, color pattern of close set, moderately large, dark spherical dots on light background.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, solid, ovate-naticiform shell of about four teleoconch whorls; distinctly higher than wide (SL/MD = ~1.1–1.2). Protoconch high conical of about two convex whorls. Spire high conical, slightly gradate, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 100–115°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, moderately convex to faintly concave subsutural ramp; shoulder weak, rounded. Last whorl high, weakly expanding, attaining ~85% of total height; moderately convex below shoulder, regularly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~43%). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture relatively narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~75%), slightly above mid-whorl, far below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~65% of total height. Columellar lip slightly reinforced, basal lip slightly thickened, outer lip moderately thin. Columellar angle ~25°. Opercular ridge in outer lip weak. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~13%), deep, ovate to semicircular. Parietal callus long (~57%), strongly thickened, with slightly adapical swelling, not expanding over base, with straight margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, fused with narrow, trigonal umbilical callus. Basal fasciole solid, broad, rounded, with prominent growth lines. Color pattern of close set, moderately large, uniform, dark spherical dots on light background.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its solid shell, relatively high spire of convex whorls and color pattern of large, close-set dots. The color pattern is intense under UV-light and at the Weitendorf locality in the Styrian Basin, the dots are preserved as black color due to the heating of a basalt-flow, which covered the shells during the time of deposition. Herein, we treat the shells from Weitendorf (Austria) as conspecific with those from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) but note that the Weitendorf specimens are somewhat stockier and the dots are often slightly elongate and not always uniform in size. Note that an opercular ridge can be present in Polinicinae although their operculum is not calcified.</p><p>Euspira merlei nov. sp. is highly reminiscent of Euspira vinitor nov. sp. and could be easily confused.Differences are subtle but consistent: E. merlei nov. sp. has a thicker shell and a faint shoulder, its suture is less incised, it has a shorter parietal callus and a wider umbilicus with thicker but smaller umbilical callus. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, from the Badenian of Ukraine, differs in its conical spire with less incised suture and much wider umbilical callus.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, lagoonal environments with sea grass (own data, M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: Weitendorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66032FFC5FF00FDD4FCA1FF43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.text	03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira moravica Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira moravica nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 40A–D</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1861 /0045/0153, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 21.8 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40D 1 –D 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 1863 /0015/1011, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 20.2 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 1863 /0015/1011a, SL: 22.8 mm, MD: 21.2 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 1863 /0015/1011b, SL: 23.5 mm, MD: 21.8 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 40C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 1861 /0045/0153a, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 23.9 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) . NHMW 1861 /0045/0153b, SL: 25.8 mm, MD: 25.6 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) .</p><p>Additional material. 36 spec., NHMW 1861 /0045/1520, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, elongate-globose, solid shell with narrow subsutural shelf, weakly convex below, strongly convex at periphery and base; umbilicus narrow, deep, narrowed by trigonal umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe and thick parietal callus.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, elongate-globose, solid shell; usually slightly higher than wide (SL/MD = ~1.1). Protoconch not preserved. Spire moderately elevated, conical; apical angle 100–112°. Suture linear, adpressed [note that the canaliculate appearance in some specimens is due to preservation]. Teleoconch whorls with very narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf; no clear shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~90% of total height, weakly convex below subsutural shelf, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~42%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and delicate at periphery. Aperture moderately wide D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~82%), slightly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~71–73% of total height. Columellar lip slightly concave, basal lip broad, reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~20–31°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~14%), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~58%), narrowing umbilicus to narrow, semicircular to ovate chink. Parietal callus strongly thickened, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus prominent, only slightly expanding. Funicle covered by umbilical callus. Umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe of parietal callus, forming trigonal shield-like callus. Basal fasciole weak, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Euspira moravica nov. sp. differs from Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) in its slightly larger size, lower spire, much lower last spire whorl and narrower umbilicus with more prominent anterior lobe of the parietal callus. Euspira merlei nov. sp. has a more elongate-ovate shell and has a wider umbilicus. Similarly, Euspira vinitor nov. sp. is larger, has a higher spire, and a larger umbilicus.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The accompanying fauna suggests shallow marine environments (own data, M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66031FFBBFF00FF3BFDC2FB87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.text	03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira protracta (Eichwald 1830)	<div><p>Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830)</p><p>Figs 2L, 41–43</p><p>* N [atica]. protracta m.— Eichwald 1830: 218.</p><p>Natica hemiclausa Sow.—Pusch 1837: 101, pl. 9, fig. 16 [non Euspira hemiclausa (J. de C. Sowerby, 1824)].</p><p>Natica protracta — Eichwald 1840: 9.</p><p>Nat [ica]. protracta m.— Eichwald 1851: 124, pl. 10, fig. 43.</p><p>Natica protracta — Eichwald 1852: pl. 10, fig. 43.</p><p>Natic [ca]. protracta m.— Eichwald 1853: 255.</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena da Costa var. helicina Brocc.— Friedberg 1923: 429, pl. 26, fig. 4 [not fig. 5 = Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp.] [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica (Naticina) helicina Brocc. ?— Mikhailovsky 1903: 63, 224, pl. 4, figs 20–21.</p><p>Natica helicina Brocc.—Davitashvili 1932: 10, pl. 1, figs 15–18 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica pavida nov. sp. — Zhizhchenko 1934: 79, pl. 9, fig. 29.</p><p>Natica helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Liwerowskaja 1937: 46, pl. 4, figs 1–6 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polynices protractus Eichwald, 1853 — Glibert 1952a: 249, pl. 2, fig. 2.</p><p>Polynices catena helicina Br. ?— Strausz 1954: 24, pl. 6, figs 130a–b [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica helicina Brocchi, 1814 — Volkova 1955: 53, pl. 24, fig. 4 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica helicina Brocchi— Zhizhchenko 1959: 265, pl. 2, figs 11–13, 16–17 [not figs 14–15] [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena var. helicina (Brocchi 1814) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 120, pl. 33, fig. 11 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena var. protracta (Eichwald 1853) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 121, pl. 33, figs 12–13.</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena (da Costa)— Švagrovský 1960: 89, pl. 9, figs 5–6 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena helicina (Brocc.) — Švagrovský 1964: 80, pl. 16, fig. 9 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena helicina Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 228 (pars), pl. 48, figs 13–16, [not pl. 48, fig. 14 = Cochlis sp., not pl. 49, figs 1–2 = Payraudeautia sp., not figs 3–5 = Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885), not figs 6–8 = Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp.]. 8.], [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia catena helicina Brocc.— Stancu &amp; Andreescu 1968: 462, pl. 3, fig. 34 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)]. Polinices catena var. helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 176, pl. 41, figs 21–22 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena helicina (Brocchi 1814) —Atanacković 1969: 201, pl. 10, fig. 2 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices helicina (Brocchi), 1814 — Bagdasaryan 1970: 91, pl. 5, figs 16–23 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)]. Polinices catena helicina (Brocc.) — Ionesi &amp; Ionesi 1972: 4, pl. 3, figs 10–12 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica helicina Brocchi— Volkova 1974: 116, pl. 6, fig. 4 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Euspira catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Švagrovský 1982: 32, pl. 10, fig. 3 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)]. Polinices (Euspira) catena helicina (Brocchi 1814) — Atanacković 1985: 132, pl. 30, figs 6–7 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>[ Polinices helicina Brocc.] (misprint)— Ananiashvili 1985: 217, pl. 15, figs 4–11 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)]. Polinices helicina (Brocc.) —Nevesskaya et al. 1986: 135 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Iljina 1993: 59, pl. 6, figs 16–17 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices protractus (Eichwald) — Bałuk 1995: 196, pl. 15, figs 2–3.</p><p>Euspira helicina (Brocchi) — Hladilová &amp; Fordinál 2013: 39, fig. 6i [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) — Pedriali et al. 2019: 172, figs 27.1–8.</p><p>Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) — Stein et al. 2016: 55, text-fig. 30.</p><p>non Polinices (Lunatia) varians protractus (Eichwald) —Robba 1968: 529, pl. 41, fig. 1 [? = Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>non Euspira helicina protracta (Von Eichwald) — Janssen 1984: 197, pl. 55, figs 6–8 [= Euspira germanica (Nordsieck, 1972)].</p><p>Euspira helicina protracta (Von Eichwald, 1830) — Schnetler 2005: 91, fig. 3 [= Euspira germanica (Nordsieck, 1972)].</p><p>non Euspira helicina protracta (Eichwald, 1830) — Moths et al. 2010: 37, pl. 11, fig. 8 [= Euspira germanica (Nordsieck, 1972)].</p><p>non Polinices protractus (Eichwald, 1853) — Popa et al. 2014: 11, pl. 2, fig. 6 [= Figovina szobiensis (Strausz, 1959)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): ZI RAS 62196, SL: 14 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Tarnoruda, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41B 1 –B 2 . Paralectotypes: SPSU 3 /464, SL: 12.5 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Zhukivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41C 1 –C 3, and one poorly preserved specimen from the same locality, stored together with ZI RAS 62196 .</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5904 /135, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 18.7 mm, Yaseniv, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 41A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0005a, SL: 14.6 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Fig. 2L. NHMW 2024 /0236/0005, SL: 21.7 mm, MD: 18.9 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 42A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0006, SL: 20.4 mm, MD: 16.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 42B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0007, SL: 19.9 mm, MD: 18.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2L, 42C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0008, SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 14.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 42D 1 –D 4 . PIN 5904 /136, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Novo-Kuvinsk, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43A 1 –A 4. 5904/137 , SL: 14.6 mm, MD: 12.5 mm, Shirvanskaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43B 1 –B 4 . PIN 5904 /138, SL: 17.4 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Belaya River, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43C 1 –C 4 . PIN 5904 /139, SL: 11.9 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Shirvanskaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 43D 1 –D 4 . PIN 5904 / 140, MD: 2.2 mm, Shirvanskaya, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 44A 1 –A 2 .</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. Natica pavida Zhizhchenko, 1934 was originally described from the Tarkhanian of the River Terek (Georgia) (Zhizhchenko 1934) and was subsequently reported (partly as ‘ Natica helicina ‘) from other Middle Miocene localities of the eastern Paratethys by Liwerowskaya (1937), Volkova (1955) and Zhizhchenko (1959). The illustrated specimens do not differ from Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) and we assume the Eastern Paratethyan occurrences are conspecific with the Central Paratethyan species.</p><p>Revised description. Small to medium sized, solid, ovate shell, distinctly higher than wide (SL/MD = ~1.1–1.2). Protoconch small, turbiniform, transition to teleoconch unclear; protoconch I with granulose, evenly spaced spiral threads over abapical two-thirds. Spire strongly elevated, conical; apical angle 97–122°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls occasionally with faint subsutural cord; narrow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by indistinct, rounded shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~85% of total height, weakly convex below subsutural ramp, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~47%). Growth lines moderately prominent and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and delicate to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture relatively narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~70%), far below shoulder, at mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~60–65% of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip broad, reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~24–28°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~15%), ovate, deep with prominent growth lines, partly narrowed by umbilical callus. Parietal callus very long (~67%), strongly thickened, relatively narrow, rectangular, with straight to weakly concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus only slightly expanding, trigonal. Funicle weak, low, covered by umbilical callus. Umbilical callus fused with anterior lobe, forming trigonal shield-like callus. Basal fasciole solid, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern uniform tan.</p><p>Discussion. This is the most misinterpreted Paratethyan naticid species, although Eichwald (1830, 1851, 1852, 1852) provided good descriptions and illustrations of this quite characteristic species. It has been frequently confused with the Pliocene Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814) and lumped with specimens of Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp., Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) and Cochlis pseudoprotracta nov. sp. with which it occurs in enormous masses in offshore clay of the Baden Formation in the Vienna Basin. The status of Euspira helicina was settled by Pedriali &amp; Robba (2008b) by designating a neotype from the Pliocene of Italy. Accordingly, Euspira protracta differs from the Italian species in its higher spire and the weak anterior lobe (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2008b: figs 1B–C; Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009: pl. 1, figs 12, 16–18, pl. 3, fig. 8). Note that the discussion on Euspira protracta in Pedriali &amp; Robba (2009: 398) refers to specimens from the Hemmoorian of the North Sea Basin, for which the name Euspira germanica (Nordsieck, 1972) might be the first available name (see Stein et al. 2016: 53). Similarly, records discussed by Glibert (1952b), Janssen (1969, 1984) and Nordsieck (1972) as E. protracta probably represent E. germanica, which differs from the Paratethyan species by its lower spire, globular last whorl and more prominent anterior lobe. Note that the North Sea species was also listed as Euspira mioaperta (Kautsky, 1925) by Landau et al. (2013), which however, might rather represent a second species.</p><p>A specimen from Privol’nyi (Russia) might represent a late Konkian occurrence of E. protracta in the Eastern Paratethys, but the poor preservation does not allow a clear identification (5904/141, Figs 44B 1 –B 2).</p><p>Paleoecology. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021). In contrast, specimens from the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin derive from shallow marine, inner neritic environments.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova, Gorodok, Gryts’kiv, Tarnoruda, Stara Pisochna, Varivtsi, Zavadyntsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Rydomyl’, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Eichwald 1853; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (Eichwald 1853); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Danube Basin: Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia) (Hladilová &amp; Fordinál 2013); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Kuzmice (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1964); southern Pannonian Basin: Čaklovica, Hrvaćani, Jazovac, Malinovac, Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Devecser (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Caransebeş Basin: Delineşti, Rugi (Romania) (Stancu &amp; Andreescu 1968; Dacian Basin: Viişoara–Brăteşti (Romania) (Ionesi &amp; Ionesi 1972); Tyrnene, Trifonovo, Urovene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Black Sea Lowland: Tomakivka (Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine) (Mikhailovsky 1903). Ciscaucasia: Belaya River (Adygea), Benoi-Yassy River (Chehchnya), Khadyzhinsk, Cape Litvinova, Otradnaya, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai), Novo-Kuvinsk, Mount Sychevaya (redeposited in Chokrakian) (Karachay-Cherkessia), Terek River near Vladikavkaz (North Ossetia), ravine Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai) (Russia) (Volkova 1955, Zhizhchenko 1934); Transcaucasia: Badzhi, Gorisa, Chkumi, Muguti, Norio, Sachkhere, Shalauri, Tiniskhidi, Uplistsikhe, Vakha (Georgia) (Liwerowskaya 1937; Bagdasaryan 1970; Ananiashvili 1985; hoc opus).?Late Konkian (Middle Miocene): Privol’nyi (Russia) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6604EFFBEFF00FBCEFA96FB4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D.text	03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell'Angelo 2019	<div><p>Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019</p><p>Figs 45A 1 –A 4</p><p>Euspira catena helicina (Brocchi) — Tejkal et al. 1967 199, pl. 10B, figs 12–14 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>* Euspira sirenkoi sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 175, figs 28.1−4.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: MPUM 11744, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 12.2 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 28.1a–b), Figs 45A 1 –A 4. Paratype: MZB 32150, SL: 9.9 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: 28.12a–b). For additional paratypes see Pedriali et al. (2019).</p><p>Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 175).</p><p>Discussion. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 is close to Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) due to its elongate ovate shell but differs in its conical spire with less convex whorls, the more prominent anterior lobe, which obscures most of the umbilicus. This species was described from late Badenian of the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin and we assume that it is part of the endemic radiation of gastropods in this region (Harzhauser et al. 2024). Nevertheless, specimens from the Karpatian of Slovakia described by Tejkal et al. (1967) are strikingly similar and might represent an additional stratigraphically older occurrence.</p><p>Paleoecology. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Slovakian Basin: Ďurkovce, Dolné Príbelce (Slovakia) (Tejkal et al. 1967). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6604BFFBEFF00FA82FC86F87D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66048FFBCFF00F935FF6EFD3E.text	03A687A66048FFBCFF00F935FF6EFD3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira styriaca (Bauer 1900) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira styriaca (Bauer, 1900) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 45B 1 –B 4</p><p>* Natica helicina Brocc. var. Styriaca Bau.— Bauer 1900: pl. 1, fig. 13.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz, UMJG&amp;P 5560, SL. 17.3 mm, MD: 15.8 mm, St. Florian (Austria), illustrated in Bauer (1900: pl. 1, fig. 13), Figs 45B 1 –B 4.</p><p>Revised description. Small, globose-ovate shell of about four teleoconch whorls; only slightly higher than wide (SL /MD = ~1.1). Protoconch not preserved. Spire elevated, conical, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle ~115°. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, subsutural shelf; faint, rounded shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, regularly convex, attaining ~92% of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~48%). Growth lines delicate, prosocline. Aperture moderately wide, ovate, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~81%), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~78% of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip not preserved. Columellar angle ~15°. Presence of opercular ridge unknown. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~13%), deep, funnel-shaped. Parietal callus long (~52%), weakly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thin, trigonal, fused with narrow, trigonal umbilical callus. Funicle subobsolete, very broad, low. Basal fasciole broad, solid, weakly angled close to aperture. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This is a poorly known species documented from a single specimen. Euspira moravica nov. sp. and Euspira vinitor nov. sp., are superficially similar but differ in their larger size and the much narrower umbilicus. Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) has comparable umbilical features but differs distinctly in its high spire and elongate-ovate outline.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: St. Florian (Austria) (Bauer 1900).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66048FFBCFF00F935FF6EFD3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.text	03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira vinitor Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira vinitor nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 46A–C</p><p>Natica helicina Brocc.—Hörnes 1856: 525 (pars), pl. 47, fig. 6 [not fig. 7 = Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1851 /0002/0076a, SL: 23.1 mm, MD: 22.6 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 46B 1 –B 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 1851 /0002/0076b, SL: 27.9 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 6), Figs 46A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 1851 /0002/0076c, SL: 30.3 mm, MD: 27.6 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 46C 1 –C 4 .</p><p>Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silty sand of the Grund Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Vinitor, Latin for winemaker (noun in apposition), referring to the occurrence in the wine cellars in the region of Grund (Austria).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, ovate shell with elevated spire and strongly convex spire whorls, high last spire whorl; umbilicus narrow, largely covered by trigonal umbilical callus, fused with thick parietal callus with straight margin.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, ovate, solid shell of ~4.5 teleoconch whorls; usually slightly higher than wide (SL/MD = 1.0–1.2). Protoconch high conical, of&gt; two moderately convex whorls, poorly preserved. Spire elevated, high to moderately high conical with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 92–100°. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls lacking subsutural shelf and shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~85–90% of total height, weakly convex below adapical suture, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~41%). Growth lines delicate, prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline at periphery. Aperture moderately narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~70%), below periphery of penultimate whorl. Aperture attaining ~61–70% of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~21–31°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~11%), deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus strongly thickened, not expanding over base, with straight margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thickened, not expanding, poorly delimited from parietal callus. Funicle weak, fully hidden by trigonal umbilical callus, fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Hörnes (1856) confused this species with Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814), from the Pliocene of Italy, which differs in its more globose outline, due to its lower spire, and in its wider anterior parietal lobe (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009: pl. 1, figs 12–13). Euspira moravica nov. sp. has similar umbilical features but differs in its lower spire and low spire whorls. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, from the Badenian of the Ukraine, has a similarly high spire but less convex whorls and a less incised suture. Its parietal callus is longer and the umbilical callus shorter.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). The preservation suggests an origin from sandy, inner neritic environment.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66049FFB3FF00FD57FE5EFED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.text	03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira vohlandae Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira vohlandae nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 47A–D</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1848 /0003/0035a, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 21.1 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47A 1 – A 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 1848 /0003/0035c, SL: 25.2 mm, MD: 20.9 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 1848 /0003/0035d, SL: 22.2 mm, MD: 17.9 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 1848 /0003/0035f, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 18.9 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 47D 1 –D 4 . NHMW 1848 /0003/0035b, SL: 22.3 mm, MD: 19.3 mm, Ritzing (Austria) . NHMW 1848 /0003/0035e, SL: 21.8 mm, MD: 19.2 mm, Ritzing (Austria). 23 spec. , NHMW 1848 /0003/0035g, Ritzing (Austria).</p><p>Type locality. Ritzing (Austria), Oberpullendorf Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Ritzing Formation.</p><p>Age. Late Badenian (Serravallian), Middle Miocene.</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Katrin Vohland, director general of the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, ovate-naticiform with high, conical spire; weakly concave subsutural ramp; moderately wide, semicircular umbilicus, thickened parietal callus and anterior lobe fused with trigonal umbilical callus.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, ovate-naticiform, moderately solid shell of ~4.5 teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL/MD = 1.1–1.2). Protoconch poorly preserved, conical, of&gt; two convex whorls. Spire strongly elevated, high conical with moderately convex whorls; apical angle 75–80°. Suture linear, weakly incised. Teleoconch whorls with broad, faintly concave subsutural ramp and convex shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~80% of total height, weakly concave below adapical suture, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery below mid-whorl (~44%). Growth lines delicate, prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete at periphery. Aperture moderately wide, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture low (~73%), below periphery of penultimate whorl. Aperture attaining ~60% of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~17–31°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus moderately wide (~15%), semicircular, deep with prominent growth lines. Parietal callus long (~54%), strongly thickened, not expanding over base, with straight margin.Anterior lobe of parietal callus thickened, weakly expanding.Funicle weak, fully hidden by trigonal umbilical callus, fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Euspira vohlandae nov. sp. is characterized by its drop-shaped outline with high, conical spire. Morphologically, it is closest to the early Badenian Euspira vinitor nov. sp., which differs in its more globose last whorl, the much narrower umbilicus and the larger anterior parietal lobe. The spire whorls in E. vinitor are well rounded, whereas in E. vohlandae there is a steep subsutural ramp. Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) is smaller, has a higher last whorl with more convex subsutural ramp, and has a lower spire. Euspira sirenkoi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, has a slenderer, elongate-ovate outline with weakly incised suture and has a much narrower umbilicus.</p><p>Paleoecology. Sandy, coastal marine, inner neritic (own data, M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66046FFB1FF00F88AFE9BFC5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.text	03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira wagramensis Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Euspira wagramensis nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 46D 1 –D 4</p><p>Lunatia catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Steininger 1963: 50, pl. 10, fig. 8 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia catena johannae (Mayer, 1895) — Steininger 1963: 50, pl. 10, fig. 9 [non Euspira johannae (Mayer-Eymar, 1895)].</p><p>Lunatia catena johannae (Mayer, 1895) — Steininger et al. 1971: 394, pl. 7, figs 8–9 [non Euspira johannae (Mayer-Eymar, 1895)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: MFN 21041, University Vienna, Institute for Paleontology, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 12.0 mm, Fels am Wagram (Austria), illustrated in Steininger (1963: pl. 10, figs 9a–b), Figs 46D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Type locality. Fels am Wagram (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Sand of the Fels Formation.</p><p>Age. Early Miocene, Eggenburgian.</p><p>Etymology. Referring to Wagram, a hill range in Lower Austria.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, thin-shelled, globose-ovate shell with weakly elevated spire, strongly convex whorls, regularly convex, weakly expanding last whorl, thin parietal callus and thin, trigonal parietal callus, covering small part of relatively narrow umbilicus.</p><p>Description. Small, thin-shelled, globose-ovate shell of about 4.5 teleoconch whorls; only slightly wider than high (SL/MD = ~1.0). Protoconch not preserved. Spire elevated, conical, with strongly convex whorls; apical angle ~110°. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly convex subsutural shelf; shoulder subobsolete, rounded. Last whorl weakly expanding, regularly convex, attaining ~87% of total height. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~52%). Growth lines delicate, prosocline. Aperture moderately wide, ovate, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~78%), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~67% of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip thin, outer lip very thin. Columella angled at umbilicus. Columellar angle above angulation ~45°. Presence of opercular ridge unknown. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~13%), deep. Parietal callus short (~35%), thin, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, thin, fused with narrow, relatively thin, trigonal umbilical callus. Funicle subobsolete. Basal fasciole weak, broad, rounded. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This species was identified by Steininger (1963) and Steininger et al. (1971) as Euspira johannae (Mayer-Eymar, 1859), which was originally described from the Langhian of the Loire Basin (France). Both species have an almost identical outline, but the French species has a much wider umbilicus (see Mayer-Eymar 1895: 160, pl. 7, fig. 2; Glibert 1952b: 70, pl. 5, fig. 9). The Pliocene Mediterranean Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814) is larger, has a broader spire and a thicker, larger umbilical callus, and a more prominent anterior parietal lobe (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009: pl. 1, figs 12–13).</p><p>Paleoecology. Sandy, coastal marine, inner neritic (own data, M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Fels am Wagram (Austria) (Steininger 1963).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66044FFB0FF00FBB7FDBBFE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.text	03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira undefined-1	<div><p>Euspira sp. 1 and Euspira sp. 2</p><p>Figs 45C–D</p><p>Polinices catena helicina (Brocc.) — Iljina 1972: 49, pl. 1, figs 12–13 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices catena helicina (Broc.) — Iljina et al. 1976: plate captions, pl. 28, figs 10–11 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Illustrated material. Euspira sp. 1, PIN 2220/296, SL: 7.6 mm, MD: 7.1 mm, Gup, Abkhazia, Late Miocene, early Maeotian, Figs 45C 1 –C 4. Euspira sp. 2, PIN 2220/297, SL: 6.3 mm, MD: 5.8 mm, Gup, Abkhazia, Late Miocene, early Maeotian, Figs 45D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Discussion. Both specimens are juvenile shells and might not reflect the morphology of fully grown specimens. While the shells are similar in size, specimen PIN 2220/296 differs in its more solid and abapically broader parietal callus, the less rounded adapical part of the whorl and by the smoother junction of the whorls at the shallower suture. Therefore, the two specimens might represent two different species.</p><p>Other specimens, except for those illustrated by Iljina (1972) and Iljina et al. (1976), were not found in her collection, although she mentioned numerous naticids from the same interval and locality during her field trips in the years 1964 and 1967 (unpublished field reports of Iljina). Material comes from clayey sands and clays with shelly bands in the upper part of the lower Maeotian. Based on Iljina’s field reports, the illustrated specimens were collected on the right bank of the Galidzga River near Chatsvkit (also mapped as Chatsvkyt or Chatskit) and not from the vicinity of Gup (Gupi) as mentioned in the papers and on the labels.</p><p>Maybe the specimens represent cases of planktonic immigrations into the Eastern Paratethys from an adjacent basin without forming autochthonous Eastern Paratethyan populations.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Maeotian (Late Miocene): Transcaucasia: Galidzga River near Chatskvit (Abkhazia) (Iljina et al. 1976) .</p><p>Genus Figovina nov. gen.</p><p>Type species. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp., Badenian (Middle Miocene, Serravallian), Ukraine .</p><p>Etymology. From фиговина (figovina), Russian slang for an incomprehensible object or object of unclear use.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small globular shell with shallow subsutural ramp and wide, open umbilicus covered to various degree by strongly expanding and heavy anterior lobe of parietal callus, without funicle; abapical sulcus delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus.</p><p>Description. As for type species.</p><p>Included species. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp., Badenian (Middle Miocene), Ukraine; Natica ( Lunatia ?) szobiensis Strausz, 1959, Badenian (Middle Miocene), Hungary; Natica helicina sarmatica Friedberg, 1938, Sarmatian (Middle Miocene), Poland.</p><p>Discussion. Two of the species united herein in Figovina nov. gen. have been placed in Euspira by Harzhauser (2002) and Mandic et al. (2008). The large anterior lobe of the parietal callus and the spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus abapically exclude this placement. The spiral ridge is reminiscent of Payraudeautia, but this genus does not form a large anterior lobe. Figovina may be an offshoot of Euspira, lacking a funicle.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66045FFB0FF00FD8EFBF1F83A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.text	03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Figovina yasenivensis Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 48A–B</p><p>Type material. Holotype: PIN 5904 /142, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Figs 48A 1 –A 5 . Paratype: PIN 5904 /143, SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Figs 48B 1 –B 4 .</p><p>Type locality. Yaseniv (Ukraine), Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Unknown.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, late Badenian (Serravallian).</p><p>Etymology. Named after type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, globular shell with straight, shallow subsutural ramp and wide, open umbilicus covered adapically by far expanding and heavy anterior lobe of parietal callus; without funicle; abapical sulcus delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus.</p><p>Description. Small, globular shell of 4.5 whorls; as wide as high (SL/MD = 1.0); spire low, apical angle 126– 128°. Protoconch with smooth initial whorl, not clearly delimited from teleoconch. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Whorls with shallow, straight subsutural ramp, delimited by slight spiral depression. Periphery and base convex. Last whorl inflated, attaining 95% of total height. Periphery at mid-whorl (~50%). Growth lines faint and prosocline in apical view, prosocyrt near suture, delicate and prosocline at periphery. Aperture D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~78% of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~80%), slightly above periphery. Parietal callus long (~55%), strongly thickened with adapical swelling and weakly concave margin; strongly expanding abapically, covering adapical half of umbilicus. Columellar lip slightly constricted just below parietal callus, strongly thickened below, forming right-angled, narrow, flattened callosity together with basal lip. Columellar angle ~20°. Umbilicus moderately wide (~20%), open, deep; without visible funicle, delimited abapically by more or less prominent spiral ridge sharply sloping towards interior of umbilicus.</p><p>Discussion. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp. is intermediate between Figovina szobiensis (Strausz, 1959) and Figovina sarmatica (Friedberg, 1938) concerning the length of the anterior lobe of the parietal callus. This lobe is much longer in F. szobiensis but shorter on F. sarmatica . In addition, Figovina sarmatica is much smaller and thin-shelled. Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp. seems to be another species endemic to the late Badenian of the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Yaseniv (Lviv Region, Ukraine) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66042FFB7FF00FF3BFF52FB7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66042FFB5FF00FA97FDD4FAA7.text	03A687A66042FFB5FF00FA97FDD4FAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Figovina sarmatica (Friedberg 1938) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Figovina sarmatica (Friedberg, 1938) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 48C–E</p><p>Natica helicina Brocc.—Hörnes 1856: 525 (pars) [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica aff. helicina — Laskarev 1903: 45, pl. 5, fig. 26.</p><p>* [ Natica helicina Brocc.] var. sarmatica Friedb.— Friedberg 1938: 67, text-fig. 15.</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lam.— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 67, text-fig. 80 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica catena sarmatica n. ssp. — Papp 1954: 47, pl. 9, figs 11–14.</p><p>L [unatia]. catena sarmatica Papp— Sieber 1958: 140 .</p><p>Natica catena helicina Brocc.— Boda 1959: 716, pl. 27, figs 13–15 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena var. helicina (Brocchi, 1814) —Kojumdgieva 1960: 120, pl. 33, figs 10–11 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica catena helicina — Roshka 1964: pl. 2, figs 10–11 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Kojumdgieva 1969: 100, pl. 34, figs 17–19 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia catena sarmatica (Papp) — Papp 1974: 349, pl. 2, figs 23–25.</p><p>Lunatia catena sarmatica (Friedberg 1938) — Reischütz 2000: 24.</p><p>Euspira helicina sarmatica (Papp) — Piller &amp; Harzhauser 2005: 452.</p><p>Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Mandic et al. 2008: 347 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Euspira helicina sarmatica (Papp) — Harzhauser &amp; Piller 2010: 194.</p><p>Euspira helicina sarmatica — Nováková et al. 2020: 295.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): SL: 8.5 mm, MD: 8.0 mm, Chmielnik (Poland), not seen by us, illustrated in Friedberg (1938: text-fig. 15).</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0242/0001, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, Siebenhirten (Austria), illustrated in Papp (1954: pl. 9, fig. 12), Figs 46C 1 –C 4. NHMW 2024/0242/0002, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 8.6 mm, Siebenhirten (Austria), illustrated in Papp (1954: pl. 9, fig. 13), Figs 46D 1 –D 4. NHMW 2024/0242/0004, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 6.9 mm, Siebenhirten (Austria), Figs 46E 1 –E 3.</p><p>Additional material. 21 spec., NHMW 2024 /0242/0005, Siebenhirten (Austria) .</p><p>Revised description. Very small globose-ovate shell of about four teleoconch whorls; only slightly higher than wide (SL /MD = ~1.1). Protoconch not preserved. Spire weakly elevated, broad conical, with very weakly convex whorls; apical angle ~105–130°. Suture linear, narrowly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with narrow, weakly concave subsutural ramp; faint, rounded shoulder. Last whorl weakly expanding, regularly convex, attaining ~92% of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~43%). Growth lines delicate, prosocline. Aperture moderately wide, ovate, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~87%), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~80–85% of total height. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~20–30°. Opercular ridge not developed. Umbilicus moderately narrow (~13%), deep, semicircular. Parietal callus very long (~61%), weakly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin.Anterior lobe of parietal callus prominent, thickened, fused with narrow, trigonal umbilical callus. Funicle subobsolete, very broad, low. Basal fasciole broad, solid, rounded. Umbilicus abapically delimited by spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This is the only naticid species from the Sarmatian of the Paratethys Sea but was restricted to the early Volhynian part of the Sarmatian, comparable to the turritellid Ptychidia sarmatica (Papp, 1954) (Harzhauser &amp; Landau 2019) . Its Badenian ancestor might be Figovina yasenivensis nov. sp. Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) is much larger and differs in its higher spire. Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885) is morphologically similar but is larger and differs in its bifid anterior lobe and umbilical callus.</p><p>Paleoecology. Shallow marine, inner neritic, partly in vicinity of tidal mudflats (Mandic et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Sarmatian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Chmielnik, Dwikozy (Poland), Zalistsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), (Friedberg 1938); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Hollabrunn/Aspersdorf (Austria) (Mandic et al. 2008); Vienna Basin: Hauskirchen, Hautzendorf, Mistelbach, Nexing, Siebenhirten, Vienna /Nussdorf, (Austria) (Papp 1954; Papp 1974; Reischütz 2000; Harzhauser &amp; Piller 2011), Podivín (= Kostel) (Czech Republic) (Papp 1954); Danube Basin: Lontov (Slovakia) (Nováková et al. 2020); Pannonian Basin: Galgagyörk (Hungary) (Boda 1959); Dacian Basin: Belotintsi, Dolna Byala, Deleina, Drazhintsi, Kula, Pisarovo, Staropatitsa, Studeno Buche, Voinitsi (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva 1969); Moldavian Platform: Florești (Moldova) (Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66042FFB5FF00FA97FDD4FAA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C.text	03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Figovina szobiensis (Strausz 1959) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Figovina szobiensis (Strausz, 1959) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 2M, 49A–D</p><p>* Natica ( Lunatia ?) szobiensis nov. sp. — Strausz 1959: 151, 324, pl. 3, figs 18–22.</p><p>Natica ( Lunatia ?) szobiensis Strausz, 1959 — Strausz 1966: 229, text-fig. 109.</p><p>Nacca unica Bałuk, 1995 — Bałuk 2006: 206, pl. 3, fig. 8 [only] [non Cochlis unica (Bałuk, 1995)].</p><p>Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814) s.l. — Harzhauser 2002: 89, pl. 5, figs 7–9 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polinices protractus (Eichwald, 1853) — Popa et al. 2014: 11, pl. 2, fig. 6 [non Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: M5, specimen illustrated in Strausz (1959: pl. 3, figs 18–22), SL: 9 mm, MD: 14 mm, Szob (Hungary). We have not been able to trace the type specimens, which might be stored in the Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary, Budapest.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0243/0001, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 15.6 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 2M, 49A 1 –A 4. NHMW 2024/0243/0002, SL: 17.6 mm, MD: 16.5 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 49B 1 –B 4. NHMW 2024/0243/0003, SL: 14.8 mm, MD: 16.4 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 49C 1 –C 4. NHMW 2024/0243/0004, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 15.5 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 49D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Additional material. 30 spec. NHMW 1860 /0001/0298, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) , 1 spec., 1860/0001/0310, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) ; 63 spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0451, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Small, robust, spherical to depressed globose shell of ~3.5 teleoconch whorls (SL /MD = ~1.0–1.5). Protoconch poorly preserved, low conical with weakly convex whorls. Spire low conical, to weakly elevated; apical angle 135–140°. Earliest teleoconch whorls narrowly coiled, later whorls strongly widening. Suture linear, adpressed. Teleoconch whorls with moderately wide, weakly convex subsutural shelf, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl moderately expanding, attaining ~95% of total height. Periphery regularly convex, below mid-whorl (~41%). Growth lines weak and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, weak to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture relatively narrow, D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~85%), distinctly below shoulder, above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip broad, reinforced; basal lip thickened, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~16–22°. Weak opercular ridge in outer lip. Umbilicus reduced to moderately narrow (~14%), deep, circular opening. Parietal callus moderately long (~48%), slightly thickened, with concave margin, grading into large, tongue-shaped, moderately thickened anterior lobe, forming conspicuous umbilical callus adherent and following outer umbilical wall until about ¼ of whorl before aperture. Funicle covered by umbilical callus. Umbilicus abapically delimited by spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Basal fasciole rounded, thickened with prominent growth lines. No color pattern preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This species is unique among Paratethyan Naticidae due to its large, tongue-shaped anterior lobe, which encloses most of the umbilicus, leaving a narrow opening. Euspira subobturata sensu Robba et al. (2016: pl. 10, figs 2–4) (non Sacco, 1891), from the Burdigalian and Langhian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), might be a closely related species but differs in the shorter anterior lobe. The original Euspira subobturata (Sacco, 1891), from the Pliocene of Italy, differs in its elongate-ovate outline and less prominent anterior lobe (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 10, fig. 1). The Pliocene Mediterranean Natica virguloides Sacco, 1890 is superficially reminiscent of Figovina szobiensis due to its tongue-shaped umbilical callus, but this structure is much smaller than in the Paratethyan species and consequently the umbilicus is much wider (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2005: pl. 6, figs 11–15). The recent South African Natica queketti G. B. Sowerby III, 1894 is very similar to Figovina szobiensis in outline, size and umbilical features, but has a shorter ‘tongue’ and a generally less excessive umbilical callus. The extant species is currently placed in Natica by Torigoe &amp; Inaba (2011), but this placement will need confirmation.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Stetten, Niederkreuzstetten, Weinsteig (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (hoc opus). Carpathian Foreland Basin: Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966). Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Popa et al. 2014).</p><p>Genus Payraudeautia Bucquoy, Dautzenberg &amp; Dollfus, 1883</p><p>Type species. Nerita intricata Donovan, 1804; original designation by Bucquoy et al. (1883: 137). Present-day, British Isles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66040FFABFF00FA2EFA04FB9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605EFFA9FF00FBF1FC8AFDAA.text	03A687A6605EFFA9FF00FBF1FC8AFDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert 1952) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 50A–D</p><p>Natica helicina Brocc.— Handmann 1883: pl. 5, fig. 47 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena da Costa var. prohelicina Sacco— Friedberg 1923: 432, text-fig. 77 [non Tethynices prohelicina (Sacco, 1890)].</p><p>* Polynices helicina f. badensis (Partsch) — Glibert 1952a: 244, pl. 1, fig. 2.</p><p>Polinices (Euspira) catena helicina (Brocchi 1814) — Bałuk 1970: 118, pl. 13, fig. 17 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, No. 2843, Institut Royal Des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, SL: 16.6 mm, MD: 15.5 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Glibert (1952a: pl. 1, fig. 2), Figs 50A 1 –A 4. For a CT-scan of the holotype see: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/rbins-2843-polynices-catena-plesiotype-b7991a56e63b45669052dd 812c4ecc84</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2024/0236/0009, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 15.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 50B 1 –B 4. NHMW 2024/0236/0010, SL: 16.1 mm, MD: 14.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 50C 1 –C 4. NHMW 2024/0236/0012, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 19.5 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 50D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Additional material. NHMW 2024/0236/0011, SL: 16.4 mm, MD: 15.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). NHMW 2024/0236/0013, SL: 14.3 mm, MD: 15.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). NHMW 2024/0236/0014, SL: 14.0 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria). NHMW 2024/0236/0015, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 15.4 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria).</p><p>Revised description. Small, ovate-globose shell of four teleoconch whorls; higher than wide (SL /MD = ~1.1); spire moderately high, conical, apical angle 108–112°. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with faint subsutural cord, shallow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by widely rounded shoulder. Periphery and base regularly convex. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining 90% of total height. Periphery below mid-whorl (~45%). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate to subobsolete at periphery. Aperture narrowly D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~65% of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~72%), at or slightly below periphery, far below shoulder. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip solid, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~15–25°. Parietal callus moderately long (~49%), strongly thickened with concave margin; not expanding over base. Anterior lobe moderately thick expanding, sub-triangular. Umbilicus wide (~17%), deep; funicle forming narrow, raised cord deep in umbilicus with narrow adapical sulcus and wider, deeply concave abapical sulcus, delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Umbilical callus triangular, fused with anterior lobe but with slight notch between anterior lobe and umbilical callus. Basal fasciole solid, weakly angled towards aperture, with prominent growth lines. Color pattern uniformly tan.</p><p>Discussion. Glibert (1952a) listed this species as Polynices helicina f. badensis (Partsch), although there exists no publication by Partsch in which this species would have been mentioned or described. Consequently, the authorship has to be passed to Glibert (1952a). Glibert (1952a) established this species as subspecies (or ‘forma’) of Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814), but the umbilical features with the characteristic spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus exclude a close relation with this Pliocene species and places this species in the genus Payraudeautia . Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) was confused in the collection of the NHMW with specimens described herein as Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830), which has a similar outline but lacks a spiral ridge and a cord-like funicle. The late Miocene-Pliocene Payraudeautia fasciolata (Sacco, 1890) and the Pliocene to recent P. intricata (Donovan, 1804) are both lower spired with a more globose last whorl, and a more developed funicular callus (see Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009: pl. 2, figs 11–14).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021) .</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (=Hołubica) (Friedberg 1923); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa (Poland) (Bałuk 1970);</p><p>Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6605EFFA9FF00FBF1FC8AFDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E.text	03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Payraudeautia ermesi Pedriali, Sosso & Dell'Angelo 2019	<div><p>Payraudeautia ermesi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019</p><p>Figs 51A–B</p><p>* Payraudeautia ermesi sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 175, figs 29.1−3.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: MPUM 11746, SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 29.1a−d), Figs 51A 1 –A 4. Paratypes: MPUM 11747, SL: 4.5 mm, MD: 4.6 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 29.2a−c), Figs 51B 1 –B 4. For more paratypes see Pedriali et al. (2019).</p><p>Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 175).</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its subcircular umbilical callus, which is separated by a small notch from a small anterior parietal lobe and by a sharply raised spiral ridge delimiting the abapical sulcus. Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp. differs in its much broader, trigonal umbilical callus. Payraudeautia volhynia (d’Orbigny, 1852) has a much more prominent anterior parietal lobe.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) (Pedriali et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6605CFFA9FF00FD22FCE8F82E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.text	03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Payraudeautia profunda Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2O, 52A–D</p><p>Natica helicina Brocc.—Hörnes 1856: 525 (pars) [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica helicina Brocchi— Schaffer 1908: pl. 11, fig. 27 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena da Costa var. helicina Brocc.— Friedberg 1923: 429, pl. 26, fig. 5 [non fig. 4 = Euspira protracta nov. sp.] [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>L [unatia]. catena helicina (Brocchi) — Sieber 1958: 140 (pars) [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Polynices (Euspira) catena da Costa var. helicina Brocchi— Strachimirov 1960: 267, pl. 4, figs 8–8a [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena helicina Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 228 (pars), pl. 49, figs 6–8 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 136, pl. 32, fig. 19 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia catena elatiuscula (Sacco, 1904) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 136, pl. 33, fig. 1 [= non Euspira elatiuscula (Sacco, 1904)].</p><p>? Polinices (Euspira) catena helicina Brocc.— Rado &amp; Muţiu 1970: 148, pl. 6, figs 10–11 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Lunatia catena helicina (Brocchi) — Stancu et al. 1971: 125, pl. 6, figs 8–9 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) catena helicina Brocchi, 1814 — Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973: 169, pl. 25, figs 3–4 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Euspira catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Švagrovský 1981: 141, pl. 45, figs 3, 5 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Natica (Lunatia) helicina Brocchi, 1814 — Krach 1981: 64, pl. 24, fig. 4 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Euspira catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Tomašových 1998: 376, pl. 9, figs 8–10 [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 /0037/0444b, SL: 16.1 mm, MD: 17.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 52A 1 – A 4 . Paratypes: NHMW 2024 /0236/0016, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 17.5 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 52B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0017, SL: 18.9 mm, MD: 18.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 52C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0018, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 17.8 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2O, 52D 1 –D 4 .</p><p>Additionalparatypes. 5spec., NHMW2024 /0236/0019, BadVöslau (Austria) ; 1spec., NHMW1937 /0002/0308a, Bad Vöslau (Austria) , illustrated in Schaffer (1908, pl. 11, fig. 27); 37 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0445, Möllersdorf (Austria) ; 20 spec., NHMW 1862 /0001/0292, Möllersdorf (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1862 /0001/0291, Möllersdorf (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1865 /0001/0688, Jaroměřice (Czech Republic) .</p><p>Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silty clay of the Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Profundus, Latin for deep, referring to the deep-water environment.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, depressed globular shell with weakly concave, shallow subsutural ramp and wide, open umbilicus with concave umbilical wall, narrow, raised funicle, and abapical sulcus delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus.</p><p>Description. Small, depressed globular shell of four teleoconch whorls; wider than high (SL/MD = 0.9); spire low, apical angle 116–131°. Protoconch low turbiniform of about three convex whorls. Suture linear, slightly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with faint subsutural cord, shallow, weakly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by slight angulation. Periphery and base convex. Last whorl inflated, attaining 90% of total height. Periphery just below mid-whorl (~47%). Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate and prosocline at periphery. Aperture D-shaped, prosocline, attaining ~71% of total height. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~79%), slightly above periphery, far below shoulder. Columellar lip weakly reinforced, basal lip solid, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~19°. Parietal callus moderately long (~45%), strongly thickened with adapical swelling and concave margin; not expanding over base. Anterior lobe moderately thick trigonal. Umbilicus moderately wide (~16%), open, deep; funicle forming narrow, raised cord deep in umbilicus with narrow adapical sulcus and wider, deeply concave abapical sulcus, delimited by very prominent spiral ridge bent towards interior of umbilicus. Umbilical callus triangular, fused with anterior lobe. Basal fasciole solid, rounded with prominent growth lines. Color pattern uniformly tan.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its depressed globose outline, weak shoulder, and the deep umbilicus with very prominent spiral ridge overhanging the umbilicus. The specimens were lumped with various Euspira species, due to their similar size and comparable color, although its umbilical features are quite distinctive. Payraudeautia ermesi Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 differs from Payraudeautia profunda nov. sp. in the presence of a broad, depressed funicle. Payraudeautia volhynia (d’Orbigny, 1852) differs in its higher spire, depressed funicle and massive anterior lobe. All three Paratethyan species have been reported from the shallow water deposits of Varivtsi (Ukraine), whereas Payraudeautia profunda is only known from offshore environments. Payraudeautia bituberculata Robba, Pedriali &amp; Quaggiotto, 2016, from the Tortonian of Tetti Borelli (Italy), differs in its rounded knob on the parietal callus. Payraudeautia obelixi Landau, Ceulemans &amp; Van Dingenen 2018, from the Tortonian of France, differs in its adapical position of the aperture, and the knob-like anterior parietal lobe (Landau et al. 2018: pl. 41, figs 1–2). Payraudeautia fasciolata (Sacco, 1890), from the Tortonian of Tetti Borelli and Montegibbio (Italy), differs in its weaker parietal callus and narrower umbilical callus (see Robba et al. 2016: pl. 12, figs 2–3). Payraudeautia badensis (Glibert, 1952) differs in its high spire and the weak notch between the anterior parietal lobe and the umbilical callus.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic settings in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Friedberg 1923); Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek (Poland) (Krach 1981); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf (Austria); Jaroměřice (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) (Tomašových 1998); Pannonian Basin: Devecser, Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973); Mehadia Basin: Valea Calvei, Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Islaz (Romania) (Rado &amp; Muţiu 1970), Staropatitsa (Bulgaria) (Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6605DFFAEFF00FF3BFE0CFE46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.text	03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Payraudeautia volhynia (d'Orbigny 1852) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Payraudeautia volhynia (d’Orbigny, 1852) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 53A–F</p><p>Natica epiglottina Lam.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 44, pl. 2, figs 34, 35 [non Cochlis epiglottina (Lamarck, 1804)].</p><p>* [ Natica] Volhynia d’Orb.—d’Orbigny 1852: 38, nr. 576 [for Natica epiglottina sensu Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 44, pl. 2, figs 34, 35].</p><p>Payraudeautia sabrinae sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 180, figs 30.1−6.</p><p>Payraudeautia varovtsiana sp. nov. — Pedriali et al. 2019: 183, fig. 31.</p><p>non Natica Volhynica [sic] Orbigny– Mayer-Eymar 1895: 165 [see discussion].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, specimen illustrated in Dubois de Montpéreux (1831: pl. 2, figs 34, 35), late Badenian, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type material, which is most probably lost.</p><p>Illustrated material. MPUM 11749, SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, holotype of Payraudeautia sabrinae Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 30.1), Figs 53C 1 –C 4. PIN 5904/144, SL: 10.1 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Gorodok (Ukraine), Figs 53D 1 –D 4. 5904/145, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Figs 53E 1 –E 3. PIN 5904/146, Gorodok (Ukraine), Fig. 53F. MPUM 11754, holotype of Payraudeautia varovtsiana Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, SL: 5.0 mm, MD: 5.0 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 31.1a−c), Figs 53A 1 –A 4. Paratype of Payraudeautia varovtsiana Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019, MPUM 11755, SL: 5.2 mm, MD: 5.1 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), illustrated in Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 31.2a−c), Figs 53B 1 –B 4.</p><p>Description. See Pedriali et al. (2019: 180).</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. Payraudeautia sabrinae Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 is characterized by its small, globular shell with faint shoulder angulation and massive, tongue-shaped anterior parietal lobe and prominent spiral ridge delimiting the umbilicus. These distinctive features are well depicted in the illustration drawn by Dubois de Montpéreux (1831: pl. 2, fig. 35), who had confused this small species with the French Eocene Cochlis epiglottina (Lamarck, 1804) . The French species differs quite clearly in its semicircular umbilical callus and narrow umbilical channel (see Robba et al. 2016, pl. 1, figs 13–14). Consequently, d’Orbigny (1852) proposed Natica volhynia as name for the specimen described by Dubois de Montpéreux (1831). This name was overlooked by all subsequent authors including Pedriali et al. (2019). Therefore, we treat their P. sabrinae as subjective junior synonym of Natica volhynia d’Orbigny, 1852 . Mayer-Eymar (1895) was the first to place the Paratethyan species in Payraudeautia . Specimens identified by him as this species from the Langhian of the Loire Basin in France, however, are very unlikely to be conspecific, given the endemic character of the late Badenian fauna of the Polish-Ukrainian Foreland Basin.</p><p>Payraudeautia varovtsiana Pedriali, Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo, 2019 is also treated herein as subjective junior synonym of Natica volhynia d’Orbigny, 1852 . It is characterized by its pad-like, prominent, subtrigonal anterior parietal lobe, which is separated from the semicircular umbilical callus by a notch, and by the deeply incised abapical sulcus, delimited by a sharply raised spiral ridge. Our material suggests that these features reflect the intraspecific variability of Payraudeautia volhynia .</p><p>Discussion. Pedriali et al. (2019: 180) described the protoconch as small, turbiniform, of 1.5−1.6 convex whorls. We cannot confirm this based on our material, which does not show a clear separation between protoconch and teleoconch. The earliest part of the protoconch bears delicate spirals (Fig. 53D 5).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Pidhirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Lisogirka, Sataniv, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Shushkivtsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Dubois de Montpéreux 1831; Pedriali et al. 2019; hoc opus).</p><p>Genus Robbanacca nov. gen.</p><p>Type species. Polinices cerovaensis Harzhauser in Harzhauser, Mandic &amp; Schlögl, 2011, Early Miocene, Slovakia, Central Paratethys Sea .</p><p>Etymology. Combination of Robba and Nacca, in honor of Elio Robba (university of Milano, Italy) in recognition of his contributions to Neogene malacology.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, elongate ovate shell with very low, nearly planispiral protoconch, moderately high spire, ovate last whorl; thin parietal callus with expanding, knob-like anterior parietal lobe separated from plug-like, swollen umbilical callus by deep transverse groove; umbilicus reduced to narrow chink.</p><p>Description. See description for type species.</p><p>Included species. Only the type species is known.</p><p>Discussion. Robbanacca is most similar to the Indo-West Pacific genus Polinella Marwick, 1931 [type species Uber obstructus Marwick, 1924, Late Miocene, New Zealand]. Polinella comprises small to medium sized, ovate shells with high last whorl and a weakly expanded parietal callus with prominent anterior parietal lobe. Its parietal callus is about the same size as the anterior lobe, filling the umbilicus to various degrees. Typically, two transverse grooves appear on the abapical part of the anterior lobe and on the umbilical callus. Species placed herein in Polinella are Uber modestus Marwick, 1924, Uber esdailei Marwick, 1924 and Uber incertus Marwick, 1924, all from the Cenozoic of New Zealand, but probably also Pliconacca martini Ladd, 1972 from the Early Miocene of Vita Levu on Fiji (Ladd 1972: 8, figs 8–9) and Natica (Lunatia) atricapilla Martin, 1884 from the Early Miocene of Indonesia (Leloux &amp; Wesselingh 2009: 102, pl. 202, figs 10–11). Despite the similarities with Robbanacca, the formation of the umbilical features is not homologous in the two genera. Polinella lacks a plug-like umbilicus, whereas Robbanacca lacks the transverse groove on the umbilical callus. A second group of morphologically similar species from New Zealand comprises the Early Miocene Uberella cicatrix Marwick, 1931, the Pliocene Uberella cicatricella Marwick, 1965 and the Pleistocene to Recent Natica denticulifera Marwick, 1924 . These three species form a phylogenetic lineage of mainly bathyal species (Beu &amp; Maxwell 1990), which might also be close to Polinella (see Marwick 1924 and Beu &amp; Maxwell 1990 for illustrations). Natica denticulifera Marwick, 1924 is currently listed by MolluscaBase eds. (2024) (following Spencer et al. 2209) in Uberella Finlay, 1928 [type species Natica vitrea Hutton, 1873, present-day, New Zealand], but the type species Uberella vitrea lacks transverse folds and has a narrow parietal callus.</p><p>Species of Polinella were placed in Pliconacca Cossmann &amp; Martin in Martin (1914) by Ladd (1972), Majima (1989) and Robba et al. (2016). The genus Pliconacca was based on Natica (Pliconacca) trisulcata Martin, 1914 from the Eocene of Java (Cossmann 1925). This species has a depressed ovate outline and is characterized by a peculiar umbilical structure with a thin parietal callus and moderately thickened, expanding, semicircular umbilical callus with two long, prominent transverse folds, which do not touch each other. The most prominent, central fold coincides with the anterior parietal lobe. A third much weaker fold appears on the parietal callus and a fourth very weak fold is developed at the abapical termination of the umbilical callus. The umbilicus is reduced to a relatively wide chink (see Leloux &amp; Wesselingh 2009: pl. 204, figs 6–15, pl. 205, figs 1–4). Therefore, it differs in shape from the elongate ovate Polinella and the formation of its umbilical features is not homologous. Similarly, the placement of the Late Miocene Natica manoharae Beets, 1942, from Indonesia, in Pliconacca, is incorrect, because its folds are fused and heart-shaped like in Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929 (see Beets 1942: pl. 26, figs 40–45). Glossaulax [type species Natica reclusiana Deshayes, 1839; present-day, California] is distinguished from Robbanacca (as well as from Pliconacca and Polinella) by its thick, plug-like umbilical callus composed of two completely fused lobes, separated by a narrow transverse groove. We assume that Pliconacca is restricted to the Eocene of Indonesia.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Bathyal (Harzhauser et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Only known from the Karpatian (Early Miocene) of Cerová-Lieskové (Slovakia) in the Vienna Basin (Harzhauser et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6605BFFACFF00FD8EFC82F892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.text	03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Robbanacca cerovaensis	<div><p>Robbanacca cerovaensis (Harzhauser in Harzhauser, Mandic &amp; Schlögl, 2011) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 54A–C</p><p>* Polinices cerovaensis Harzhauser nov. sp. — Harzhauser et al. 2011: 213, figs 2.1–3. Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2010/0080/0001, SL: 6.9 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, illustrated in Harzhauser et al. (2011: fig. 2.1), Fig. 54A. Paratypes: NHMW 2010/0080/0002, SL: 9.1 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, illustrated in Harzhauser et al. (2011: fig. 2.2), Fig. 54B. NHMW 2010/0080/0002, SL: 3.2 mm, MD: 2.6 mm, illustrated in Harzhauser et al. (2011: fig. 2.3), Fig. 54C.</p><p>Revised description. Very small, ovate shell of ~3.5 teleoconch whorls (SL/MD = ~1.0–1.3). Protoconch strongly depressed, amlost planispiral, of 1.7 convex whorls. Spire moderately elevated; apical angle 100°. Suture linear, narrowly impressed. Teleoconch whorls with steep, moderately wide, slightly concave subsutural ramp, delimited by faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl ovate, weakly expanding, attaining ~85% of total height. Periphery moderately convex. Growth lines distinct at adapical suture, weakly prosocyrt in apical view, delicate at periphery. Aperture narrow, ovate. Adapical tip of aperture distinctly below shoulder, above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~25°. Opercular ridge unknown. Umbilicus reduced by large umbilical callus to narrow, shallow umbilical chink. Parietal callus small, weakly thickened, not expanding, grading into comparatively large, knob-like anterior lobe. Large, thickened, trigonal umbilical callus, separated from anterior parietal lobe by deep transverse groove. Basal fasciole rounded. Uniformly tan color.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its nearly planispiral protoconch, elongate-ovate outline, knob-like anterior lobe and plug-like umbilical callus, which are separated by a deep transverse groove. We did not trace any similar species in the literature, which might result from the fact that Miocene bathyal mollusc faunas are rarely reported.</p><p>Robbanacca cerovaensis (Harzhauser in Harzhauser, Mandic &amp; Schlögl, 2011) was placed in Pliconacca by Robba et al. (2016: 195), which is rejected herein, as we do not consider the umbilical features of the Eocene Indonesian Pliconacca to be homologous (see discussion above). Moreover, Robba et al. (2016: 195) assumed a close relation between Robbanacca cerovaensis and Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887, which was also placed in Pliconacca by these authors. This relationship is unlikely, as Natica plicatulaeformis and Natica prohelicina (Sacco, 1890) both differ from Robbanacca cerovaensis in their globular outline, marked subsutural axial plicae and the open umbilicus, which lacks a plug-like umbilical callus. Moreover, the protoconch of N. plicatulaeformis and N. prohelicina is low turbiniform. Therefore, these two species are separated herein from Robbanacca and Pliconacca and are placed in Tethynices nov. gen.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Upper bathyal soft bottoms (Harzhauser et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Early Miocene (Karpatian): Vienna Basin: Cerová-Lieskové (Slovakia).</p><p>Genus Tethynices nov. gen.</p><p>Type species. Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887 . Middle Miocene, Czech Republic, Central Paratethys Sea .</p><p>Etymology. Combination of Tethys, referring to the Tethys Ocean, and - nices from Polinices .</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to medium sized, globose shell with weakly elevated spire composed of strongly convex whorls; suture narrow but deeply incised; prominent prosocline subsutural axial plicae in apical view; spherical last whorl and narrow open umbilicus with prominent, thickened parietal callus passing into small, tongue-like anterior parietal lobe, fused with narrowly trigonal umbilical callus; with weak to subobsolete transverse groove below anterior lobe.</p><p>Description. See description for type species.</p><p>Included species. Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887, Badenian (Middle Miocene), Czech Republic. Natica (Naticina) catena var. prohelicina Sacco, 1890, Burdigalian and Langhian of Italy (Sacco 1891: 67, pl. 2, fig. 38) [including synonyms: Natica (Naticina) catena var. ampullinoides Sacco, 1890 (Sacco 1891: 67, pl. 2, fig. 39); Natica (Naticina) catena var. cyclostomoides Sacco, 1890 (Sacco 1891: 68, pl. 2, fig. 40); Natica (Naticina) catena var. tauroumbilicata Sacco, 1891 (Sacco 1904: 102, pl. 22, fig. 27); Natica (Naticina) catena var. scalarioides Sacco, 1891 (Sacco 1904: 102, pl. 22, fig. 28); Natica (Naticina) catena var. subhemiclausa Sacco, 1891, Sacco 1904: 103, pl. 22, fig. 30)].? Pliconacca atricapilla sensu Majima, 1989 [non Martin 1884], Pliocene and early Pleistocene of Japan (Majima 1989: 64, pl. 1 figs 13–16).</p><p>Discussion. Tethynices nov. gen. is characterized by its globose outline, convex spire whorls, prominent subsutural axial plicae and rather simple umbilical features with a weak transverse groove below the anterior parietal lobe. These features are developed by the Paratethyan Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887 and Natica prohelicina Sacco, 1891 from the Early Miocene of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Already Robba et al. (2016) recognized the similarities between these species and considered them to be conspecific. Herein, we do not follow this concept because Tethynices prohelicina attains more than twice the size of Tethynices plicatulaeformis being up to 23 mm in height. Moreover, the parietal callus is much weaker in T. prohelicina and its umbilicus is wider. Finally, T. prohelicina derives from coastal marine deposits of the Colli Torinesi (Burdigalian: Valle Ceppi, Langhian: Villa Forzano, Italy), whereas Tethynices plicatulaeformis is an offshore species. See Robba et al. (2016: fig. 12/10) for the protoconch of Tethynices prohelicina .</p><p>The vague concept of Pliconacca (see discussion on Robbanacca nov. gen.) led Robba et al. (2016) to place the Miocene Natica plicatulaeformis Kittl, 1887 and Natica prohelicina Sacco, 1891 in Pliconacca . However, these species have an open umbilicus, and a single short transverse fold and are, in our opinion, unrelated to Pliconacca and Polinella . Instead, these species might be congeneric with an unnamed species from the Pliocene/Pleistocene of Japan, erroneously described by Majima (1989) as Pliconacca atricapilla . The Japanese species differs from the much older Indonesian Polinella atricapilla (Martin, 1884) in its globose outline, narrower and more convex subsutural ramp, and wider columellar angle (compare Leloux &amp; Wesselingh 2009: pl. 202, figs 10–11 versus Majima 1989: pl. 1 figs 13–16). Herein, we tentatively also place the Japanese species in Tethynices nov. gen.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The type species was found in offshore clays, whereas Tethynices prohelicina (Sacco, 1890) derives from shallow marine environments and glauconitic sand.</p><p>Distribution. Burdigalian and Langhian of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and Langhian (Badenian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.? Pliocene/Pleistocene of Japan (Kochi, Okinawa and Shizuoka Prefectures) (Majima 1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66056FFA2FF00FF3BFADBF99E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B.text	03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tethynices plicatulaeformis (Kittl 1887) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Tethynices plicatulaeformis (Kittl, 1887) nov. comb.</p><p>Figs 55A–B</p><p>Natica helicina Brocc.—Hörnes 1856: 525 (pars) [non Euspira helicina (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>* Natica plicatulaeformis n. f. — Kittl 1887: 257, pl. 8, figs 23–24.</p><p>Pliconacca plicatulaeformis (Kittl, 1887) — Robba et al. 2016: 193, pl. 12, figs 12/7–8 [not 9–11 = Tethynices prohelicina (Sacco, 1891)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated by Robba et al. 2016: 193), NHMW 1888/0001/0025a, SL: 13.7 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Orlová (Czech Republic), illustrated in Kittl (1887, pl. 8, fig. 24), Figs 55B 1 –B 4. Paralectotype, NHMW 1888/0001/0025b, SL: 11.9 mm, MD: 11.4 mm, Orlová (Czech Republic), illustrated in Kittl (1887, pl. 8, fig. 23), Figs 55A 1 –A 4.</p><p>Revised description. Small, globose, solid shell of ~4.5 teleoconch whorls; as high as wide (SL /MD = 1.0). Protoconch low turbiniform, of about two moderately convex whorls, poorly preserved. Spire moderately elevated, broad conical with strongly convex whorls; apical angle 100–115°. Suture linear, narrow, deeply incised. Teleoconch whorls with narrow subsutural ramp and faint shoulder angulation. Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~90–94% of total height, slightly less convex below shoulder, strongly and regularly convex at periphery and base. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~51%). Growth lines very prominent on subsutural ramp, delimiting broad, flat prosocyrt plicae in apical view. Periphery smooth. Aperture ovate D-shaped, prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~80%), above mid-whorl, distinctly below shoulder. Aperture attaining ~70–75% of total height. Columellar lip and basal lip reinforced, outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~30°. Opercular ridge in outer lip unknown. Umbilicus narrow (~10%), moderately deep with weak growth lines. Parietal callus long (~56%), markedly thickened, not expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus thickened, forming short tongue-like extension. No funicle visible. Umbilical callus narrowly trigonal umbilical callus, fused with anterior lobe, occasionally delimited from anterior lobe by weak transverse groove Basal fasciole rounded with weak growth lines. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. See discussion for Tethynices .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The assemblage from Orlová (Czech Republic) suggests offshore environments with muddy bottoms (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Carpathian Foreland Basin: Orlová, Doubrava u Orlové, Ostrava (Czech Republic) (Kittl 1887).</p><p>Genus Neverita Risso, 1826</p><p>Type species. Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826, by monotypy (Risso 1826: 149). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66057FFA1FF00F9F7FA9DF97B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66054FFA7FF00F8B6FBF7FDF6.text	03A687A66054FFA7FF00F8B6FBF7FDF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neverita manhartensis (Schaffer 1912)	<div><p>Neverita manhartensis (Schaffer, 1912)</p><p>Figs 56A–B</p><p>* Natica (Neverita) Josephinia Risso var. Manhartensis Schff. — Schaffer 1912: 166, pl. 54, figs 15–16.</p><p>N [everita]. olla manhartensis Schff.— Sieber 1958: 139 .</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) olla De Serres— Hölzl 1958: 152, pl. 9, fig. 3 [non Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) josephinia (Risso, 1826) — Hölzl 1958: 207, pl. 18, fig. 18 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) olla (De Serres) — Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964: 175, pl. 13, fig. 10 [non Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Neverita olla manhartensis Schaffer, 1912 — Steininger et al. 1971: 393, pl. 7, figs 4–5.</p><p>Polinices josephinia olla (De Serres) — Báldi 1973: 274, pl. 33, figs 2–4 [non Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Natica (Neverita) josephinia olla Serres— Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973: 170, pl. 25, figs 5–9 [non Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>? Neverita olla (Serres 1829) — Pfister &amp; Wegmüller 2007: 102, pl. 18, figs 17–24, pl. 19, figs 1–7 [non Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>? Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826) — Höltke 2009: 88, fig. 35 (unidentifiable specimen).</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), GBA 1912 /004/18/1, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 23.1 mm, Gauderndorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 15), Figs 56A 1 –A 4 . Paralectotype, GBA 1912 /004/18/2, SL: 14.3 mm, MD: 17.8 mm, Loibersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, fig. 6), Figs 56B 1 –B 4 .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, depressed depressed-globose of about three teleoconch whorls; wider than high (SL /MD = ~0.9). Protoconch unknown. Spire depressed, broadly conical; apical angle 140°. Suture linear, adpressed to insignificant. Teleoconch whorls with broad, moderately convex subsutural ramp; no shoulder. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~90% of total height, weakly convex below subsutural ramp, moderately convex at periphery. Periphery below mid-whorl (~42%). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture poorly preserved, very wide, ovately D-shaped, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately high (~85%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~72% of total height. Columellar lip slightly concave, basal and outer lips moderately thin. Columellar angle ~13°. Opercular ridge in outer lip unknown. Umbilicus largely filled by thick, kidney-shaped umbilical callus, covering funicle. Parietal callus long (~55%), strongly thickened, slightly expanding over base, with straight margin or grading into base without clear margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus small, slightly thickened. Broad, deep umbilical channel encircling umbilical callus. Umbilical wall with prominent growth lines. Basal fasciole broad, rounded. Color pattern not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Neverita manhartensis (Schaffer, 1912) is a poorly known species, documented by few poorly preserved specimens. Nevertheless, it differs from Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829) in its wide and deep umbilical channel, which justifies separation. Neverita antiqua (Saco, 1890) from the Rupelian of Italy is almost identical in outline and umbilical features and differs from N. manhartensis only in its strongly convex umbilical callus (see Sacco 1891: pl. 2, fig. 55, Robba et al. 2016: pl. 11, figs 3–4). Overall, N. manhartensis is closer to the Oligocene N. antiqua than to the Miocene N. olla . This relation might be supported by the fact, that it occurs already in the Late Oligocene of the Central Paratethys (Báldi 1973).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Egerian (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene): Eger, Törokbálint (Hungary) (Báldi 1973).</p><p>Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Belpberg, St. Gallen (Switzerland) (Pfister &amp; Wegmüller 2007); Kaltenbachgraben, Ermingen (Germany) (Hölzl 1958; Höltke 2009); Gauderndorf, Mörtersdorf, Loibersdorf, Maria Dreieichen (Austria) (Schaffer 1912); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973); Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66054FFA7FF00F8B6FBF7FDF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.text	03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neverita olla (de Serres 1829)	<div><p>Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829)</p><p>Figs 2P, 56C, 57A–D</p><p>* Natica olla Nobis —de Serres 1829: 102, pl. 1, figs 1–2.</p><p>Natica sigaretina Desh.—Pusch 1837: 101, pl. 9, fig. 15 [non Globularia sigaretina (Lamarck, 1804)].</p><p>N [atica]. sigaretina Defr.—Pusch 1836: 543 [non Globularia sigaretina (Lamarck, 1804)].</p><p>N [atica]. glaucina Lam.—Pusch 1836: 543 [non Natica glaucina Linnaeus, 1758].</p><p>Natica glaucina Bast.— Hauer 1837: 421 [non Natica glaucina Linnaeus, 1758].</p><p>Natica glaucina Lam.— Hörnes 1848: 22 [non Natica glaucina Linnaeus, 1758].</p><p>Natica Josephinia Risso—Hörnes 1856: 523, pl. 47, fig. 4, 5 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Natica f. a perdofa De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885: 85 [for Natica Josephinia in Hörnes 1856: pl. 47, fig. 4].</p><p>Natica (Neverita) Josephinia Risso— Hilber 1893: 1030, fig. 10 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Natica (Neverita) Josephinia Risso— Boettger 1902: 83 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Natica (Naticina) arsenae n. sp. — Boettger 1906: 90.</p><p>Natica (Neverita) Josephinia Risso— Boettger 1906: 90 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Natica (Neverita) Josephina Risso— Friedberg 1923: 424, pl. 26, fig. 1 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826]. Polynices (Naticina) arsenae (Boettger) — Zilch 1934: 248, pl. 14, fig. 67.</p><p>Natica (Neverita) olla M. de Serr. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 44.</p><p>Natica (Neverita) olla M. de Serr. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 31.</p><p>Natica (Neverita) olla Serr.— Strausz 1954: 23, pl. 6, fig. 132.</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) josephinia Risso— Korobkov 1955: pl. 42, figs 10–11 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826]. Natica (Neverita) josephinia Risso— Moisescu 1955: pl. 19, figs 17, 19 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826]. N [everita]. olla (Serr.) — Sieber 1958: 139.</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) olla (Serres 1829) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 121, pl. 33, fig. 14. Natica Josephina Rifso [sic]— Grković 1963: 120, pl. 1, fig. 3 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Natica (Neverita) josephinia olla Serres, 1829 — Strausz 1966: 232, pl. 49, figs 9–12.</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) olla de Serr. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 23, pl. 6, fig. 2.</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) josephinia (Risso) —Atanacković 1969: 202, pl. 10, fig. 3 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826]. Polinices (Neverita) olla (Serres) — Popović &amp; Gagić 1969: 99, pl. 8, fig. 14.</p><p>Polinices olla (Serres) — Eremija 1971: 72, pl. 7, figs 1–3.</p><p>Natica (Neverita) josephinia olla Serres— Stancu et al. 1971: 125, pl. 6, figs 4–5.</p><p>Natica josephinia Risso— Urbaniak 1974: 39, pl. 14, figs 5a–c.</p><p>Neverita josephinia olla (Serres, 1829) — Švagrovský 1981: 142, pl. 45, fig. 2.</p><p>Neverita josephinia olla (M. Serres, 1829) — Švagrovský 1982: 32, pl. 10, fig. 4.</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) olla (De Serres, 1829) — Atanacković 1985: 132, pl. 30, figs 3–5.</p><p>Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826 — Bałuk 1995: 199, pl. 15, figs 4–5 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Polinices (Neverita) olla (Serres) — Schultz 1998: pl. 22, fig. 10.</p><p>Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826) — Harzhauser 2002: 88, pl. 5, figs 12–13 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826]. Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826) — Mikuž 2009: 18, pl. 4, figs 54–55 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829) — Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009: 404, pl. 2, figs 5–9; pl. 3, figs 14–15; pl. 4, fig. 17 (cum syn.). Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829) — Landau et al. 2013: 107, pl. 11, fig. 8; pl. 62, fig. 8.</p><p>Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826 — Popa et al. 2014: 11, pl. 2, fig. 8 [non Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826].</p><p>Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829) — Robba et al. 2016: 187, pl. 11, figs 7–8.</p><p>Type material. The type material from the Miocene of France seems to be lost (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009: 404) .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1855 /0002/0055a, SL: 32.3 mm, MD: 36.3 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 4), holotype of Natica perdofa De Gregorio, 1885, Figs 57A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 1853 /0016/0014, SL: 19.2 mm, MD: 24.0 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 5), Figs 57B 1 –B 4 . NHMW 1846 /0037/0435, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 30.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 2P, 57C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 2024 /0236/0022, SL: 23.6 mm, MD: 27.0 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 57D 1 –D 4 . PIN 5904 /147, SL: 20.3 mm, MD: 30.2 mm, Shushkivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 57E 1 –E 2 . PIN 5904 /148, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, ravine Yaman-Dzhalga, Russia, Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Figs 57F 1 –F 2 .</p><p>Additional material. 19 spec., NHMW 1850 /0009/0013, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 14 spec., NHMW 1855 /0002/0056, Enzesfeld (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/0601, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/1773, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 63 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/0598, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1859 /0037/0114, Baden (Austria) ; 14 spec., NHMW 1861 /0035/0034, Kalladorf (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0300, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium to large sized, depressed globose, very solid, often glossy shell of three teleoconch whorls; usually distinctly wider than high (SL /MD = ~0.8–0.9). Large, depressed turbiniform protoconch of 2.5 weakly convex whorls, diameter 1.1 mm. Spire depressed, broad conical; apical angle 135–150°. Suture linear, adpressed to insignificant. Teleoconch whorls with broad, moderately convex subsutural ramp; shoulder weak, rounded. Subsutural ramp becoming slightly concave towards aperture. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~92–96% of total height, weakly convex below subsutural ramp, strongly convex at periphery and base. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~31%). Growth lines delicate and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and insignificant at periphery. Aperture very wide, ovately D-shaped, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture moderately low (~77%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip slightly concave, basal and outer lips moderately thin. Columellar angle ~12–18°. Opercular ridge in outer lip insignificant. Umbilicus very wide, largely filled by thick, semicircular umbilical callus, covering funicle. Parietal callus very long (~62%), strongly thickened, slightly expanding over base, with concave margin. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak, relatively thin. Distinct umbilical channel encircling umbilical callus. Basal fasciole weak, broad, rounded. Uniformly brownish tan.</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. De Gregorio (1885) separated a specimen from the Vienna Basin, illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 47, fig. 4), as Neverita perdofa . Morphologically, it is indistinguishable from Neverita olla (de Serres, 1829) as defined by Pedriali &amp; Robba (2009) and Robba et al. (2016). The protoconch of the Paratethyan specimens, however, is larger (1.1 mm versus 0.8–0.9 mm for Miocene specimens from Italy in Robba et al. 2016). This difference is close to the 20% difference, which was accepted by Pedriali &amp; Robba (2005) as threshold to distinguish species. Pedriali &amp; Robba (2009: 384) describe a brown suprasutural stripe in Neverita olla, which might be an additional feature to distinguish the uniformly brownish Paratethyan shells.</p><p>Natica (Naticina) arsenae Boettger, 1906; lectotype (designated by Zilch 1934: 248), SFM 366939 (= XII 2345 a), SL: 2.5 mm, MD: 3.8 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Zilch (1934: pl. 14, figs 67a–b), Figs 56C 1 –C 4. This species was based on a minute, glossy, juvenile shell of 1.5 teleoconch whorls and low turbiniform protoconch of 2.5 smooth, convex whorls. The specimen corresponds fully to the respective growth stage of Neverita olla which lacks the typical umbilical callus at that growth stage. Therefore, we treat it as subjective junior synonym of this common species.</p><p>Discussion. In our opinion, the enormous stratigraphic range of Neverita olla, which is listed by Robba et al. (2016) from the Rupelian to the Pliocene, strongly suggests that it represents an unresolved species complex. Therefore, we tentatively treat the Paratethyan occurrences as Neverita olla sensu lato .As pointed out above, Neverita perdofa (De Gregorio, 1885) would be available as a name for the Paratethyan shells. During the Pleistocene, Neverita olla was replaced by Neverita josephinia Risso, 1826, which differs in its paucispiral protoconch (Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009; Landau et al. 2013; Pedriali et al. 2019).</p><p>Pedriali et al. (2019) stated that Neverita would be missing from the late Badenian assemblages of the Polish-Ukrainian Foredeep and assumed that it was extirpated in the Central Paratethys following the Miocene Climate Transition. However, occurrences at Devínska Nova Ves (Slovakia), document that this species was still present at least in the Vienna Basin during the late Badenian (Švagrovský 1981).</p><p>Paleoecology. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Stetten, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Wetzleinsdorf (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zgłobice (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); Shushkivtsi (Ukraine) (hoc opus); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund, Kalladorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld (Austria), Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) (hoc opus), Devínska Nova Ves (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1981); Cserhát Mountains: Mátraverebély (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Várpalota (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b; hop opus); Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b); Southern Pannonian Basin: Miljevići, Hrvaćani, Reljevac, Tešanj (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Grković 1963; Atanacković 1985); Prnjavor Basin: Reljevac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Eremija 1971); Krka Basin: Šentjernej, Gorenje Vrhpolje (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Timok Basin: Pivinčka Reka (Serbia) (Popović &amp; Gagić 1969): Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971); Făget Basin: Buituri, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906; Moisescu 1955).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Yaman-Dzhalga (Russia) (hoc opus).</p><p>(Proto-)Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi (Italy) (Sacco 1904); Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian/Messinian (Late Miocene): Po Basin (Italy) (Sacco 1904; Venzo &amp; Pelosio 1963; Davoli 1990), Tunisia (Stchepinsky 1938). Pliocene: Estepona Basin (Spain) (Landau &amp; Harzhauser in press.), northeastern Spain (Martinell 1979), Roussillon Basin (France) (Fontannes 1879; Chirli &amp; Richard 2008); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1904; Malatesta 1974; Cavallo &amp; Repetto 1992; Chirli 2008; Pedriali &amp; Robba 2009; Sosso &amp; dell’Angelo 2010); Tunisia (Fekih 1975).</p><p>Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian/Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin (France) (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1919; Lozouet et al. 2001). Langhian-Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin (France) (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1919); Langhian: Loire Basin (France) (Glibert 1952a). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Cacela Basin (Portugal) (Dollfus et al. 1903), southern Spain (Wenz 1942). Pliocene: Guadalquivir Basin (Spain) (Landau et al. 2011); Mondego Basin (Portugal) (Landau et al. 2013).</p><p>North Sea. Late Burdigalian/Langhian (Early/Middle Miocene): Belgium (Glibert, 1952b), Germany (Kautsky 1925; Janssen 1969; Wienrich 2001; Moths et al. 2010), Netherlands (Janssen 1984), Denmark (Sorgenfrei 1958).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66052FFA4FF00FD1FFA1AFC82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FFA4FF00FCCAFB9BFBBD.text	03A687A66051FFA4FF00FCCAFB9BFBBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sininae Woodring 1928	<div><p>Subfamily Sininae Woodring, 1928</p><p>Genus Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885</p><p>Type species. Nerita papilla Gmelin, 1791; by typification of replaced name; established by Fischer (1885: 768) as a substitute name for Naticina Gray, 1847, non Guilding, 1834. Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66051FFA4FF00FCCAFB9BFBBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.text	03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunaticina martingrossi Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Eunaticina martingrossi nov. nom.</p><p>Figs 58A–B</p><p>* Natica Hoernesi Hilb.— Hilber 1879: 447, pl. 5, figs 5–c [non Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873].</p><p>Sigaretus suturalis Ch. May.— Boettger 1902: 84 [non Eunaticina suturalis (Mayer 1864) = Eunaticina striatella (Grateloup, 1828)].</p><p>Sinum (Sigaretotrema) michaudi (Michelotti 1847) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 122, pl. 34, fig. 1 [non Sigaretotrema michaudi (Michelotti, 1847)].</p><p>Eunaticina striatella (Grateloup, 1828) — Moreno et al. 2003: 146, figs 44, 45 [non Eunaticina striatella (Grateloup, 1828)].</p><p>Type material. The holotype described by Hilber (1879) from Pöls (Austria) is lost, SL: 15 mm, MD: 11 mm. Herein we designate a neotype: UMJG&amp;P 60782, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Wetzelsdorf (Austria), Figs 58B 1 –B 4 .</p><p>Illustrated material. UMJG&amp;P 60782, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Wetzelsdorf (Austria), Figs 58A 1 –A 4.</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Martin Gross, paleontologist at the Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz (Austria) in recognition of his contributions to Miocene paleontology.</p><p>Revised description. Small, fragile, ovate shell with acute, conical spire, higher than wide (SL/MD = ~1.3); apical angle 97–105°. Protoconch unknown. Suture linear, narrowly canaliculate. Teleoconch of about four whorls with wide, weakly convex subsutural ramp passing into convex periphery without angulation. Periphery placed mid-whorl (~49%). Last whorl weakly expanding, attaining ~85% of total height, moderately convex below periphery. Growth lines distinct and weakly prosocyrt in apical view, prosocline and weakening towards periphery. Spiral sculpture of broad, flat cords, separated by shallow, narrow grooves. Spiral cords indistinct along periphery, most prominent over base. Aperture ovate, moderately wide with acute adapical tip, placed distinctly above mid-whorl (~86%). Aperture attaining ~75% of total height. Columellar lip weak, basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~15°. Opercular ridge in outer lip not developed. Umbilicus moderately wide (~16%), deep with prominent growth lines and broad spiral cords. Parietal callus short (~20%), weakly thickened, narrow. Anterior lobe of parietal callus weak. Funicle absent. Basal fasciole weak, rounded with prominent growth lines and broad spiral cords. No color pattern preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Natica hoernesi Hilber 1879 is a junior homonym of Natica hoernesi Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873 . Therefore, we propose Eunaticina martingrossi as replacement name. Eunaticina striatella (Grateloup, 1828), from the Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin (France), differs in its much more depressed shell, wider aperture and wider umbilicus (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1919: pl. 12 figs 49–50; Lozouet et al. 2001: pl. 18, fig. 5). A moderately preserved specimen described as Eunaticina striatella by Moreno et al. (2003) from the Middle Miocene of Spain seems to be conspecific with the Paratethyan species, suggesting a wider geographic distribution of this rare species. Eunaticina sp. from the Eocene of Cava Albanello (Italy), illustrated in Robba et al. (2016: pl. 7, fig. 8), differs in its lower spire and more globose outline.</p><p>Paleoecology. Coastal marine, lagoonal.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: Pöls, Wetzelsdorf (Austria) (Hilber 1879; hoc opus). Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1902). Dacian Basin: Trifonovo (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p><p>Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Langhian (Middle Miocene): Sant Llorenç d’Hortons region: La Pedrera (Spain)</p><p>(Moreno et al. 2003).</p><p>Genus Sigaretotrema Sacco, 1890</p><p>Type species. Sigaretus michaudi Michelotti, 1847; by monotypy (Sacco 1890: 38). Early Miocene, Italy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66051FF9AFF00FBF4FB49FE14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF9AFF00FE1DFF51F936.text	03A687A6606FFF9AFF00FE1DFF51F936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sigaretotrema exclathratum (Sacco 1891)	<div><p>Sigaretotrema exclathratum (Sacco, 1891)</p><p>Figs 2Q, 58C 1 –C 4, 59B</p><p>Sigaretus clathratus Récluz—Hörnes 1856: 515, pl. 46, fig. 28 [non Sinum clathratum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Sigaretus clathratus Récl.— Schaffer 1912: 167, pl. 54, figs 17–18 [non Sinum clathratum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>* [ Sigaretotrema michaudi] exclathrata Sacc.— Sacco 1891: 97 [for Sigaretus haliotoideus sensu Hörnes 1856: pl. 46, fig. 28]. non Sinum michaudi exclathrata (Sacco 1891) — Hölzl 1958: 214, pl. 19, fig. 8 [? = Sinum sp.].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 2013 /0053/0001, SL: 18.5 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, locality unknown, most probably from the Austrian part of the Vienna Basin, Badenian (Middle Miocene), see below for discussion on locality; illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 46, fig. 28) and Schaffer (1912: pl. 54, figs 17–18), Figs 2Q, 58C 1 –C 4, 59B.</p><p>Revised description. Small, moderately fragile, auriculate shell of two teleoconch whorls, wider than high (SL /MD = 0.9). Protoconch depressed of 1.5, weakly convex whorls, diameter ~750 μm. Spire broadly conical, with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 110°. Suture narrowly incised. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~24%). Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of 12 narrow, convex spiral cords separated by interspaces of subequal width. Slightly weaker secondary and tertiary cords intercalated on last whorl. Spiral cords weakly wavy on early whorls, slightly granulose due to interruptions by growth lines on last whorl; becoming weak with flattish tops towards aperture. Last whorl strongly expanding, with very broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, convex periphery placed mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining 96% of total height. Base broadly convex with distinct spiral sculpture of narrow, convex primary and secondary cords; growth lines weak. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline, attaining 76% of total height. No parietal callus. Columellar callus forming broad rim, narrowing umbilicus to deep, narrow chink (~5%). Basal lip and outer lip thin. No color pattern preserved.</p><p>Discussion. The holotype was described by Hörnes (1856) and Schaffer (1912) from the mid-Burdigalian locality Gauderndorf (Austria) in the North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin. The good preservation, however, excludes this provenance and the shell was most probably misplaced. Shells from Gauderndorf are usually leached and chalky. We assume that it derived from a Badenian (Middle Miocene) locality in the Vienna Basin. As already stated by Robba et al. (2016) Sigaretotrema exclathratum (Sacco, 1891) differs from Sigaretotrema michaudi (Michelotti, 1847), from the Rupelian to Burdigalian of Italy, in having a protoconch of only 1.5 whorls (instead of three), a less globose teleoconch with a more expanding last whorl, a wider aperture, and a narrower umbilicus. The depressed, flattish protoconch and obtuse apex distinguish Sigaretotrema exclathrata also from Sigaretotrema vindobonense nov. sp., which is larger, has fewer secondary spiral cords and more regular sculpture. Sigaretotrema deshayesi (Michelotti, 1847), from the Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differs in its more globose shell, narrower aperture and wider umbilicus (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 14, figs 7–8).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Unknown, most probably Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Vienna Basin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6606FFF9AFF00FE1DFF51F936	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.text	03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sigaretotrema vindobonense Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Sigaretotrema vindobonense nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2R, 58D 1 –D 4, 59A</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1846 /0037/0434, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 29.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 2R, 58D 1 –D 4, 59A.</p><p>Type locality. Enzesfeld (Austria), Vienna Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silty sand of the Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. After Vindobona, the Roman name for Vienna.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, auriculate shell with moderately depressed spire and broad, weakly convex subsutural shelf, protoconch of 1.75 whorls. Sculpture of moderately broad, flat primary and secondary spiral cords with narrow tertiary threads, columellar callus forming broad rim.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, moderately fragile shell of 2.5 teleoconch whorls, wider than high (SL/MD = 0.9). Protoconch low turbiniform, of 1.75, convex whorls, diameter ~900 μm. Spire broad conical with weakly convex whorls; apical angle 122°. Suture narrowly incised. Periphery far below mid-whorl (~25%). Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of ~16 narrow, convex spiral cords separated by interspaces of subequal width. Slightly weaker, initially weakly granulose secondary spiral cords intercalated on late second teleoconch whorl. Primary and secondary cords becoming moderately broad with flat tops on last whorl, often with thin, narrow tertiary threads intercalated. Spiral cords weakly wavy due to interruptions by prosocyrt growth lines. Last whorl moderately expanding, with very broad, slightly convex subsutural ramp, convex periphery placed slightly below mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining 96% of total height. Base broadly convex with distinct spiral sculpture of narrow convex primary and secondary cords; growth lines weak, slightly opisthocyrt. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline, attaining 82% of total height. Parietal callus reduced to thin layer. Columellar callus forming broad rim, narrowing umbilicus to narrow chink (~4%). Basal lip and outer lip thin. No color pattern preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This species is reminiscent of Sigaretotrema exclathratum (Sacco, 1891) but differs in its larger size, more depressed spire and larger protoconch. In addition, it develops more regular sculpture. Sigaretotrema deshayesi (Michelotti, 1847) and Sigaretotrema michaudi (Michelotti, 1847), from the Rupelian and Burdigalian of Italy, are smaller and have more globose shells (Robba et al. 2016: pl. 14, figs 7–9).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The deposits at Enzesfeld suggest inner neritic, coastal marine sandy environments (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6606FFF98FF00F95FFF52FF43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.text	03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinum affine (Eichwald 1830)	<div><p>Sinum affine (Eichwald, 1830)</p><p>Figs 2S, 59C–D, 60B, 61A–F</p><p>* Sigaretus affinis m.— Eichwald 1830: 215.</p><p>Sigaretus haliotoideus Linn.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 43, pl. 3, figs 47, 48 [non Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758)].</p><p>Sigaretus haliotoideus Lam.—Pusch 1836: 517 [non Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758)].</p><p>Sigaretus striatus M. de Serres—Pusch 1837: 93, pl. 9, fig. 6 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus affinis — Eichwald 1840: 8.</p><p>Sig [aretus]. affinis m.— Eichwald 1851: 124, pl. 11, fig. 1.</p><p>Sigaretus affinis — Eichwald 1852: pl. 11, fig. 1.</p><p>Sigar [etus]. affinis m.— Eichwald 1853: 257.</p><p>Sigaretus (Cryptostoma) striatus De Serres— Boettger 1906: 91 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus striatus de Serres— Friedberg 1923: 423, pl. 25, fig. 10 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum striatum De Serres— Moisescu 1955, pl. 11, fig. 21 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum striatum Serres— Korobkov 1955: pl. 43, fig. 7 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus striatus De Serres — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 395 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus striatus De Serres— Eremija 1959: pl. 2, figs 12–12a [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum (Sinum) striatum (Serres 1829) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 122, pl. 33, fig. 15 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus striatus M de Serres— Kecskemétiné Körmendy 1962: 90, pl. 10, figs 17–19 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus striatus Serres, 1829 — Strausz 1966: 233, text-fig. 111 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>? Sinum (Sinum) striatum (De Serres, 1829) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 137, pl. 33, fig. 4 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum striatum (Serres, 1829) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 177, pl. 42, figs 4–5 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum (Sinum) striatum (De Serres) —Atanacković 1969: 202, pl. 10, fig. 4 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus borsodensis n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969a: 77, pl. 2, figs 17–18.</p><p>Sigaretus borsodensis n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 23, pl. 6, figs 4, 8.</p><p>Sigaretus striatus de Serr. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 23, pl. 6, figs 1, 3, 6.</p><p>Sigaretus striatus Serres, 1829 — Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973: 170, pl. 25, figs 10–11 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus striatus de Serres— Urbaniak 1974: 39, pl. 19, fig. 3 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum (Sinum) striatum (De Serres, 1829) — Atanacković 1985: 134, pl. 30, figs 8–10 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum striatum (De Serres, 1829) — Bałuk 1995: 200, pl. 15, fig. 1 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sinum (Sinum) striatum (Serres) — Schultz 1998: 60, pl. 23, fig. 4 [non Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Sigaretus borsodensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 110.</p><p>Sinum affinis (Eichwald, 1830) — Pedriali et al. 2019: 187, pl. 33.1–4.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated by Pedriali et al. 2019: 187), ZI RAS 62208, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Zhukivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 61E 1 –E 4.</p><p>Illustrated material. 5904/149, SL: 18.8 mm, MD: 31.5 mm, Varivtsi, Ukraine, Middle Miocene, late Badenian. Figs 61F 1 –F 4. NHMW 2010/0004/0605a, SL: 15.5 mm, MD: 21.2 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 59C, 61A 1 –A 4. NHMW 2010/0004/0605b, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 17.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 61B 1 –B 4. NHMW 2010/0004/0605c, SL: 12.0 mm, MD: 19.1 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 2S, 59D, 61C 1 –C 4. NHMW 1870/0037/0036, SL: 20.7 mm, MD: 27.5 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 61D 1 –D 4.</p><p>Additional material. M.682107, SL: 10 mm, MD: 6 mm, Borsodbóta (Hungary), holotype of Sigaretus borsodensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969a; 11 spec. , NHMW 2010 /0004/0604, Figs 60B 1 –B 2. Bad Vöslau (Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW 1861 /0001/0278, Pöls (Austria); 1 spec. , NHMW 1860 /0015/1008, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) .</p><p>Revised description. Small, moderately fragile, depressed shell of two auriculate teleoconch whorls, wider than high (SL /MD = ~0.6–0.8). Protoconch low turbiniform of 2.7 convex whorls, diameter ~750 μm. Terminal part of first teleoconch whorl allometrically expanding, covering large part of initial first teleoconch whorl, resulting in somewhat ‘heterostrophic’ appearance of early spire. Teleoconch of two whorls. Spire depressed conical; apical angle 134–148°. Suture linear, weakly incised. Teleoconch whorls with very broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, occasionally becoming weakly concave close to aperture. No shoulder angulation. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~96% of total height. Periphery convex, placed far below mid-whorl (~30%). Growth lines weak on early teleoconch, prominent and prosocyrt in apical view on late last teleoconch whorl, subobsolete at periphery. Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of 12–16 broad, flat spiral cords separated by subequal grooves. Cords widening with flat tops, occasionally becoming bifid, resulting in rather regular sculpture of broad spiral cords. Spiral sculpture only slightly wavy due to intersections with growth lines on last quarter of last whorl. Base slightly convex with densely spaced delicate spiral cords, crossed by prominent, opisthocyrt growth lines close to aperture. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~87%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~80–85% of total height. Columellar lip forming moderately broad, rim, detached from base. Basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~30–40°. Umbilicus reduced to deep, narrow chink. Parietal callus short (~35%), forming thin sheet-like callus. No color pattern preserved.</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. Sigaretus borsodensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 (Figs 66B 1 –B 2) is a subjective junior synonym of Sinum affine . Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969a, 1969b) did not state on which features she based her new species and did not refer to Sinum affine . Herein, we re-illustrate the type specimen, which does not differ significantly from Sinum affine . Therefore, we treat it as a subjective junior synonym.</p><p>Discussion. Pedriali et al (2019), who had better preserved material at hand, described protoconch I as smooth and protoconch II with widely spaced axial riblets (see Pedriali et al. 2019: figs 33/4a–c). Sinum affine (Eichwald, 1830) is a rather common species in the Central Paratethys Sea and is characterized by its moderate size, broad, flat spiral cords and the slightly heterostrophic early spire. Although, the specimen illustrated by Pedriali et al. (2019: figs 33/4) has a normally coiled spire, their fig. 33/1 shows the same heterostrophic whorls as the material from the Vienna Basin. Sinum affine is most similar to the Middle Miocene to Pliocene Sinum striatum (de Serres, 1829), which occurs in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (Van Dingenen et al. 2016; Pedriali et al. 2019). It also has a slightly heterostrophic early spire (see Pedriali et al. 2019: fig. 33/8) and identical sculpture but has a smaller and differently sculptured protoconch with granules instead of axial riblets and a more depressed shell (Pedriali et al. 2019).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1923); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Lisogirka, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1923; Pedriali et al. 2019), Szczepanowice (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hörnes 1856); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969a, b); Pannonian Basin: Szob, Várpalota, Zebegény (Hungary) (Kecskemétiné Körmendy 1962; Strausz 1966; Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969a, b); Southern Pannonian Basin: Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Zârand Basin: Minişul des Sus (Romania) (Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973);? Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Făget Basin: Buituri (Romania) (Moisescu 1955); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Tyrnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A6606AFF9DFF00FDC9FC59FA72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.text	03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinum magnificum Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Sinum magnificum nov. sp.</p><p>Figs 2T, 59E–F, 62A–D</p><p>Sigaretus haliotoideus Lk.— Hauer 1837: 420 [non Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758)].</p><p>Sigaretus haliotoideus Lam.— Hörnes 1848: 22 [non Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758)].</p><p>Sigaretus haliotoideus Linn.—Hörnes 1856: 513, pl. 46, fig. 27 [non Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758)].</p><p>S [igaretus]. (S [igaretus].) striatus Serr.— Sieber 1958: 141 [non Sinum striatus (de Serres, 1829)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1854 /0002/0072, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 36.6 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 46, figs 27a–c), Figs 59E, 62B 1 –B 4 . Paratypes, NHMW 2024 /0239/0003, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 31.5 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 59F, 62C 1 –C 4 . NHMW 2024 /0239/0005, SL: 23.3 mm, MD: 32.4 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 62A 1 –A 4 . NHMW 1853 /0010/0033, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 29.8 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 2T, 62D 1 –D 4 .</p><p>Additional material. NHMW 2024 /0239/0004, SL: 18.2 mm, MD: 28.8 mm, Grund (Austria) ; NHMW 2024 /0249/0001, 3 spec., Grund (Austria); 15 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0002/0028, Grund (Austria); 5 spec. , NHMW 2024 /0250/0001, Guntersdorf (Austria) .</p><p>Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silty sand of the Grund Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Magnificum, Latin for magnificent.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, depressed auriculate shell with moderately depressed spire; protoconch of 1.5 whorls, sculpture of broad, flat spiral cords developing into bifid and trifid groups, base flattish, devoid of spiral sculpture.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, fragile, depressed shell of 2.75 auriculate teleoconch whorls (SL/MD = ~0.7–0.8). Protoconch broad turbiniform of 1.5 moderately convex whorls, diameter ~780 μm. Spire low conical; apical angle 130–135°. Suture linear, distinctly incised. Teleoconch whorls with very broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp, becoming weakly concave close to aperture. No shoulder angulation. Last whorl strongly expanding, attaining ~90–95% of total height. Periphery convex, far below mid-whorl (~39%). Growth lines distinct and prosocyrt in apical view, subobsolete at periphery. Sculpture of first teleoconch whorl of 15–16 broad, flat spiral cords separated by narrow grooves. Interspaces widening slightly on second teleoconch whorl, cords becoming bifid and trifid forming distinct groups. Spiral sculpture often blurred or wavy due to intersections with growth lines on last quarter of last whorl. Base flattish with prominent, opisthocyrt growth lines, devoid of spiral sculpture. Aperture wide, ovate, strongly prosocline. Position of adapical tip of aperture high (~85%), distinctly above mid-whorl. Aperture attaining ~80–85% of total height. Columellar lip forming moderately broad, rim, detached from base. Basal lip and outer lip thin. Columellar angle ~34–38°. Umbilicus reduced to narrow chink. Parietal callus short (~25%), forming thin callus sheet. No color pattern preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This is the largest Sinum species in the Paratethys Sea, known so far only by a few specimens. Sinum striatum (De Serres, 1829), from the Pliocene of Italy, has a lower spire, is usually smaller and differs in its smaller protoconch (see Pedriali et al. 2019: fig. 33/8). Sinum striatum has simpler sculpture of broad spiral cords, which lack the deep splits of the cords of Sinum magnificum nov. sp. and its cords are not arranged in groups. Sinum patulum (Grateloup, 1847) (= Sinum aquense Récluz, 1851), from the Early Miocene of France, is smaller, has a higher shell and a larger protoconch (see Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1919: pl. 12, figs 47–48; Robba et al. 2016: pl. 15, figs 9–12).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). The preservation suggests an origin from sandy, inner neritic environments, which would also fit with the occurrence from Enzesfeld (Austria).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund, Guntersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66068FF93FF00F99BFBE1FD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66066FF93FF00FA20FEEBF8BA.text	03A687A66066FF93FF00FA20FEEBF8BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinum molassicum (Quenstedt 1881) Harzhauser & Landau & Guzhov 2025	<div><p>Sinum molassicum (Quenstedt, 1881) nov. comb.</p><p>* Sigaretus molassicus — Quenstedt 1881: plate captions, pl. 194, fig. 34.</p><p>Discussion. This species is based on a fragmentary internal cast from Rengetsweiler in Germany. Even Quenstedt (1881: 266) emphasized that the specimen is unidentifiable but nevertheless he introduced a new name for it. We place it in Sinum, because Sigaretus Lamarck, 1799 is an objective junior synonym of Sinum .</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Rengetsweiler (Germany).</p><p>Dubious records</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66066FF93FF00FA20FEEBF8BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66066FF93FF00FCB3FEFDFAAD.text	03A687A66066FF93FF00FCB3FEFDFAAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinum patulum (Grateloup 1847)	<div><p>Sinum cf. patulum (Grateloup, 1847)</p><p>cf. Sigaretus haliotoideus var. B patula— Grateloup 1847: pl. 48, fig. 20.</p><p>? Sinum aquensis (Recluz) — Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964: 175, pl. 13, figs 7–8.</p><p>Sinum (Sinum) striatum (M. de Serres 1829) — Steininger 1973: 413, pl. 4, fig. 13.</p><p>cf. Sinum patulum (Grateloup, 1847) — Robba et al. 2016: 216, pl. 15, figs 9–12 [cum syn.].</p><p>Discussion. Steininger (1973) illustrated a poorly preserved Early Miocene specimen in apical view (SL: 15 mm, MD: 15 mm), which tentatively might be conspecific with Sinum patulum as revised by Robba et al. (2016). This species is widespread in coeval deposits in the northeastern Atlantic and Proto-Mediterranean Sea. We have not been able to trace the specimen. A second specimen was described by Răileanu &amp; Negulescu (1964) from the Eggenburgian of the Transylvanian Basin in Romania. The illustration does not allow a clear identification, and we list the record here only for completeness.</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Gernergraben, Kaltenbachgraben (Germany) (Steininger 1973).? Transylvanian Basin: Coruş (Romania) (Răileanu &amp; Negulescu 1964)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66066FF93FF00FCB3FEFDFAAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66067FF92FF00FCCDFC81F991.text	03A687A66067FF92FF00FCCDFC81F991.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naticidae Guilding 1834	<div><p>Naticidae from the lower Miocene of Switzerland and southern Germany</p><p>Several Naticidae species have been described from localities in Switzerland and southern Germany from the Eggenburgian/Ottnangian of the North Alpine Foreland Basin by Quenstedt (1891), Hölzl (1958), Steininger (1973), Pfister &amp; Wegmüller (2007) and Höltke (2009). All these specimens are poorly preserved, often deformed and the shells are frequently leached. We have not revised these specimens, which are very difficult to identify. In any case, they are almost certainly not conspecific with the species they were identified as.</p><p>Natica helicina — Quenstedt 1881: 263, pl. 194, figs 19–20, 24.</p><p>Natica cf. glaucina — Quenstedt 1881: 264, pl. 194, fig. 25.</p><p>Polinices (Naticina) catena (Da Costa, 1778)— Hölzl 1958: 206, pl. 18, figs 16–17.</p><p>Polinices (Lunatia) aff. lunata (Mayer 1895) — Hölzl 1958: 208, pl. 19, fig. 1.</p><p>Polinices ( Lunatia ?) saucatensis (Mayer 1864)— Hölzl 1958: 209, pl. 19, fig. 3.</p><p>Natica millepunctata Lamarck 1822 — Hölzl 1958: 210, pl. 19, figs 4–4a.</p><p>Natica millepunctata tigrina Defrance 1825 – Hölzl 1958: 212, pl. 19, figs 3–3a.</p><p>Natica burdigalensis Mayer 1864 — Hölzl 1958: 210, pl. 19, fig. 6.</p><p>Lunatia catena helicina (Brocchi, 1814) — Steininger 1973: 411, pl. 5, fig. 1.</p><p>Polinices (Polinices) submamillaris dertomamilla Sacco 1891 – Steininger 1973: 411.</p><p>Natica sallomacensis Tournouër 1873 — Pfister &amp; Wegmüller 2007: 100, pl. 16, figs 1–15, pl. 17, figs 1–9. Euspira sp. aff. helicina (Brocchi 1914) — Pfister &amp; Wegmüller 2007: 101, pl. 18, figs 1–16.</p><p>Natica? burdigalensis Mayer, 1864 — Höltke 2009: 87, fig. 33.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66067FF92FF00FCCDFC81F991	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66067FF91FF00F90CFE01FF42.text	03A687A66067FF91FF00F90CFE01FF42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira Agassiz 1837	<div><p>Euspira ? sp. 1</p><p>Natica sp. — Ilgar 2015: 69, fig. 5A33.</p><p>Discussion. A small, spherical species, which is reminiscent of Euspira eblera (De Gregorio, 1885) but lacks its bifid anterior parietal lobe and umbilical callus. It might represent a juvenile Euspira protracta (Eichwald, 1830) . General shape and umbilical features, with a narrow umbilical channel and narrowly semicircular umbilical callus might also point to a placement in Notocochlis Powell, 1933 [type species Cochlis migratoria Powell, 1927, = Notocochlis gualteriana (Récluz, 1844), present-day, Indo-West Pacific]. More material is needed to confirm this generic placement.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian/Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Central Pontide Foreland Basin: Sinop region</p><p>(Turkey) (Ilgar 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66067FF91FF00F90CFE01FF42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66064FF91FF00FE8AFEABFD17.text	03A687A66064FF91FF00FE8AFEABFD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euspira Agassiz 1837	<div><p>Euspira ? sp. 2</p><p>Polinices (?) sp.— Ilgar 2015: 69, fig. 5B10.</p><p>Discussion. The illustrated specimen is reminiscent of Euspira species with high conical spires, such as Euspira vinitor nov. sp. and Euspira vohlandae nov. sp. but the illustration in Ilgar (2015) seems to show a funicle with a semicircular umbilical callus, which make placement in Euspira doubtful. More material is needed to identify this species correctly.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Konkian (Middle Miocene): Central Pontide Foreland Basin: Sinop region (Turkey) (Ilgar 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66064FF91FF00FE8AFEABFD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66064FF91FF00FD7DFAE6FA9C.text	03A687A66064FF91FF00FD7DFAE6FA9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naticidae Guilding 1834	<div><p>Naticidae gen. et sp. indet. 1</p><p>Natica aff. millepunctata (Lam.) — Grachevsky 1954: 110, pl. 1, fig. 21 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Lamck.— Zhgenti 1981: 157, pl. 9, fig. 10 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Natica (Nacca) millepunctata Linné.— Zhgenti 1991: 49, pl. 42, fig. 7 [non Natica millepunctata Lamarck, 1822 = Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791)].</p><p>Discussion. Grachevsky (1954) and Zhgenti (1981) provided poor illustrations of juvenile and undeterminable naticid shells from the Konkian below the Pholas Beds and from the Karaganian Varna Beds. Zhgenti refigured her shell later and erroneously dated it as coming from the upper Konkian of Privol’nyi, Russia. However, the shell actually originates from the so-called Ervilia Beds of the basal Konkian. Additional occurrences of “ Polinices helicina (Brocc.) ” were also documented from the basal Konkian of the Black Sea Lowland (Muratov &amp; Nevesskaja 1986), and from Georgia (Bidzinashvili 1974: Natica sp.).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Konkian (Late Miocene): Black Sea Lowland (Muratov &amp; Nevesskaja 1986); Transcaucasia: Bakhioti, Doglauri, Metekhi (Georgia) (Grachevsky 1954; Bidzinashvili 1974; Zhgenti 1981).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66064FF91FF00FD7DFAE6FA9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
03A687A66064FF91FF00FAF1FF6EF979.text	03A687A66064FF91FF00FAF1FF6EF979.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naticidae Guilding 1834	<div><p>Naticidae gen. et sp. indet. 2</p><p>Natica helicina (Brocchi) 1814 — Kharatishvili 1952: 208, pl. 29, figs 7–9.</p><p>Natica burdigalensis Mayer 1864 — Kharatishvili 1952: 209, pl. 29, figs 10, 13–17.</p><p>Natica sallomacensis Tourner 1873 — Kharatishvili 1952: 210, pl. 29, figs 11–12.</p><p>Sigaretus aquensis Recluz 1843 var.— Kharatishvili 1952: 212, pl. 29, figs 18–20.</p><p>Discussion. Kharatishvili (1952) recorded several naticid species from the Sakaraulian of Georgia, based on poorly preserved material, with poor photos, also without apertural views. It excludes an adequate interpretation of the illustrated material. The descriptions by Kharatishvili (1952) do not provide information for identification.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Sakaraulian (Early Miocene): Transcaucasia: Grakali, Kaspi (Georgia) (Kharatishvili 1952).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A66064FF91FF00FAF1FF6EF979	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Landau, Bernard M.;Guzhov, Aleksandr	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M., Guzhov, Aleksandr (2025): The Naticidae (Gastropoda, Naticoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea- unraveling 160 years of species lumping. Zootaxa 5703 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5703.1.1
