identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0399ED044309FF90FF14B6A6B94FF88F.text	0399ED044309FF90FF14B6A6B94FF88F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Damaeus kovali Kolesnikov & Turbanov & Ermilov & Vladimirova & Prokopov 2025	<div><p>Damaeus kovali sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–10</p><p>Diagnosis. Adults. Large (1050–1101). Cerotegument granular and filamentous in sejugal area. Apophysis P well developed, blunt. Three pairs of simple prodorsobasal tubercles (Da, Ba, Bp), Dp slightly developed. Tubercle La absent. Anterobothridial ridge (abr) present, distinct, other prodorsal ridges only weakly developed (pbr, ibr) or absent (lamellar costula). Bothridial seta attenuated at tip. Exobothridial seta short. Notogastral setae short, strong, almost straight, with slightly serrated outer edge. Setae c 1, c 2 and la oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 not bent to each other and not touching. Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly long than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2, c 1 never close to each other. Medial pit (cp) on epimere I absent. Ventral enantiophyses E2 and V present, well developed, M absent. Parastigmatic tubercle Sa long, thorn-like, Sp tubercle-like, apex of Sp is approximately at level of middle length of Sa. Epimeral setal formula: 3-1-5-4. Legs not shorter of body. Solenidia on genua II and III shorter than d, solenidion on genu I about the same length as d. Seta d on genu IV longer than this genu. Tibial setae thin. Formulas of leg segments (I–IV): femur 7-6-4-4; genu and tibia 4-4-3-3; tarsus 21-18-18-15. Seta v 2 ’ present on all tarsi, setae v a absent on tarsi. Solenidion φ IV not longer than 1/2 length of this tibia.</p><p>Juvenile instars. Cerotegument mostly bacilliform and filamentous. Bothridial seta rod-like, pointed, barbed in mediodistal part. Gastronotic setae setiform or subflagellate, barbed, c 2 and lp longest in larva, other setae (except c 3 and h 2) slightly shorter; all gastronotic setae (except c 3) in nymphs approximately the same length. Larva without seta h 3. Dorsal setae with large sclerite at the base, setae c 1 located on separate sclerites. Famulus sunken. Larva without seta d on palpal genu. Coupled seta d on all genua shorter than solenidion, seta d on all tibiae about the same length as solenidion or slightly shorter.</p><p>Material examined: Crimea, Bakhchisarai Distr., northern part of Ai-Petri Yaila, nr Maly Babulghan, Villyaburunskaya Cave, traps, 16.VI.2002 – 19.VII.2004 and 12.IX.2010 – 1.V.2012, A.G. Koval leg.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult (Figs 1–5). Measurements. Body length: 1066 (holotype, female), 1050–1101 (10 female and three males paratypes); notogastral width: 555 (holotype), 525–570 (four female paratypes), 525 (one male paratype).</p><p>Integument (Figs 1A, 4A, D–F, 5A–E, H). Colour dark brown or dark reddish-brown. Whole body including legs (except distal part of tarsi) covered by distinct layer of granular cerotegument (Fig. 5H), granules clearly larger on notogaster than on other parts of body. Sejugal area containing rather strong layer of filamentous cerotegument (Fig. 4F) in addition to granular cerotegument. Cuticular microsculpture smooth or with fine punctuation (Figs 5F–H).</p><p>Prodorsum (Figs 1A, C, 4A, E). Prodorsum of generally triangular shape, with relatively narrow rostral part. Propodolateral apophysis P present, well developed, dentiform in dorsal view, oriented anteriad. Prodorsobasal tubercle Da and postbothridial enantiophysis B (with tubercles Ba, Bp) well developed, subconical, distally rounded, similar in size, Dp slightly visible, fused medially, forming transverse ridge; laterosejugal tubercle (La) absent. Prodorsum without larger ridges or other apparent sculpture, except for distinct costula bearing lamellar seta and running from le insertion obliquely posteriad (anterior lamellar costula, alc), connected by arched translamellar ridge, sometimes indistinct. Anterior prodorsal tectum (apt) present, broadly interrupted axially, developed as more or less short, slanting line in anterolateral part of prodorsum. Indistinct longitudinal ridges or lines present in interbothridial region, one running from internal edge of tubercle Da anteriad (interbothridial ridge, ibr), and another connecting base of tubercle Ba with bothridium (postbothridial ridge). Distinct anterobothridial ridge present, bent inwards and directed axially. Bothridium (Bo) quite narrow, funnel-like, with expanded rim, positioned quite axially and distanced from lateral outline of body. Rostral (130–150) and lamellar (170–190) setae setiform, slightly barbed, thin, approximately the same diameter. Interlamellar seta (140–155) stronger, oriented posteriad, rough and pointed. Exobothridial seta short (40–50), curved, fine, alveolar vestige of second exobothridial seta present posterior to seta ex. Bothridial seta (200–230) rod-like, pointed, distal half of its length covered by rare small spinuli. Mutual distance of tubercles Ba slightly greater than that of bothridial openings.</p><p>Notogaster (Figs 1A, C, 4A–E, 5F–H). Round or slightly ovate, almost hemispherical in lateral view. Spina adnata (s.a.) usually large, thin, pointed, distally bent, rather transparent (Fig. 5F). Anterior part of notogaster between and closely behind insertions of c 1, c 2 and la with thickenings (Fig. 4D), appearing as indistinct, arched ridges or lines. Notogastral setae c 1 (80–90), c 2 (80–90), la (80–87), lm (68–70), lp (64–70), h 3 (45–50), h 2 (40–50), and h 1 (35–46) quite strong, pointed, with roughened surface in distal part (Figs 5G, H), almost straight. Setae p finer and more curved than other notogastral setae, p 2 (80–90) and p 3 (70–90) thinner and longer than p 1 (45–50). Setae c 1, c 2, and la oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 not bent to each other and not touching. Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly long than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2. Setae of l and h series inserted in two longitudinal rows, converging posteriad, oriented posterolaterad or posteriad. Five pairs lyrifissures and openings of notogastral glands present. Without full stack of juvenile exuvial scalps, sometimes with separate loosely attached skins and a small amount of debris.</p><p>Gnathosoma (Figs 2A–C). Subcapitulum size: 260–270 × 190–210; subcapitular setae (a: 55–60; m: 70–80, h: 100–107) setiform, barbed; both adoral seta (20–30) setiform, smooth, curved. Palp (length: 190–200) with the typical formula: 0-2-1-3-9(+ω); ω bacilliform, appressed to surface; postpalpal seta (8–9) spiniform, roughened. Chelicera (250–280) with two setiform setae; cha (70–80) barbed, chb (60–66) unilaterally ciliate in mediodistal part; paraxial side of chelicera with several microteeth.</p><p>Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs 1B, 4F). Mentotectum broad, without visible split medially. Medial pit (cp) on epimere I absent. Tectum of podocephalic fossa (tpc) laterally with small, slightly protruding, blunt projection directed posteriad. Epimeral tubercles E2a and E2p and ventrosejugal tubercles Va and Vp well developed; mediosejugal enantiophysis M absent. Ventrolateral ridge present, well developed, less distinct or interrupted lateral to enantiophysis E2. Ventrolateral ridge bearing insertion of epimeral seta 1c anteriorly, and ending by small tubercle posteriorly, close to the base of apophysis Sa. Epimeral setal formula 3-1-5-4, lateral setae of epimeres IV (4c and 4d) inserted in pairs close to each other, seta 3c inserted on Vp. All epimeral setae fine, smooth, setiform, but unequal in length (1b longest). Parastigmatic apophyses Sa and Sp present, Sa longer, perpendicular to body axis, slightly bent and pointed, Sp blunt, oblique to body axis, apex of Sp is approximately at level of middle length of Sa.</p><p>Anogenital region (Figs 1B, C). Discidium quite small, developed as triangular dentiform tubercle with angular tip. Genital and anal openings of similar length, genital opening slightly broader. Preanal sclerite U-shaped, with transverse and sclerotised anterior edge. Anogenital area with common set of setae of similar form and length—six g (70–90), one ag (80–100), two or three an (60–70), three ad (70–90). Adanal setae thicker than epimeral setae. Adanal lyrifissure oriented diagonally.</p><p>Legs (Figs 3, 5A–E). All legs not shorter than body, legs II and III same length or slightly longer than the body, leg IV longest; approximate length of leg segments shown in Table 1. Leg segments elongated; their distal parts (in case of tarsus its proximal part) only moderately expanded. Claw of each tarsus smooth. Porose area on femora I–IV and on trochanters III and IV distinctly visible. Setae mostly of moderate length, never extending over the distal end of subsequent segment. Dorsal and lateral setae of femora I–IV and genu IV roughened, stronger and usually larger than remaining setae. Ventral setae fine and smooth or almost smooth. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1- 7-4-4-21) [1-2-2], II (1-6-4-4-18) [1-1-2], III (2-4-3-3-18) [1-1-0], IV (1-4-3-3-15) [0-1-0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 2. Famulus of tarsus I emergent, setiform, inserted between solenidia ω 1 and ω 2; seta v 2 ’ present on all tarsi, setae v a absent on all tarsi; solenidion on genua II and II shorter than coupled setae d, on genu I about the same length as d. Seta l’ on tibia IV shorter than respective v ”, solenidion φ IV not longer than 1/2 length of this tibia, seta d on genu IV longer than length of this genu. Solenidion φ 1 on tibia I 3 times longer than φ 2.</p><p>Note: taken from single one average-sized specimen (1060); not including portion inserted in previous segment.</p><p>Juvenile instars (Figs 6–10). Measurements. Total length of larva: 420, 440 (n=2), protonymph: 600, 610 (n=2), deutonymph: 774–784 (n=6), tritonymph: 940–955 (n=9). Total width of larva: 240, 260 (n=2), protonymph: 330, 354 (n=2), deutonymph: 285–300 (n=6), tritonymph: 560–580 (n=9).</p><p>Integument (Figs 10A–D, F, I–L). Cerotegument represented by thick layer consisting mostly short, bacilliform components, partially tubercles and long, filamentous parts. Surface of body colorless to light brownish (from larva to tritonymph). Cuticle slightly folded except prodorsum and centrodorsal region in nymphal instars. All body setae usually without cerotegument.</p><p>Prodorsum (Figs 6A, 9A, 10C, L). Medium length, about 2/3 and 1/2 length of gastronotic region in larva and nymphal instars, respectively. Rostrum tapered. Rostral (LA: 50–60; PN: 70–77; DN: 90–100; TN: 130–150) and lamellar (LA: 90–100: PN: 97–110; DN: 120–130; TN: 150–166) setae setiform, barbed; exobothridial seta (LA: 15–20; PN: 24–28; DN: 30–33; TN: 37–40) simple; larval interlamellar seta (20–25) spiniform, nearly straight, barbed, ex directed anterolaterad, in directed posterolaterad; nymphal interlamellar seta (PN: 30–36; DN: 40–46; TN: 45–50) bacilliform, smooth (except for terminal denticles); bothridial seta (LA: 190–200: PN: 220–230; DN: 280–300; TN: 330–350) rod-like, pointed, barbed in mediodistal part.</p><p>Gastronotic region (Figs 6, 8, 9, 10A, C, D, F). Posteriorly rather rounded, with moderate protruding pygidial sclerite. With exuvial scalps from the previous instars; each scalp reticulate, with nine pairs of setae. Twelve pairs of dark color, setiform or subflagellate, barbed gastronotic setae (except vestigial seta h 3 in larva, not visible through the granular cerotegument) inserted on moderate or small tubercles; sometimes setae with additional long, light, flagellate tip. True length of dorsal setae in nymphal instars often unknown, because their tips are mostly broken, however, the length ratio can be assumed based on setae residues: LA: c 2, lp ˃ c 1, da, la, dm, dp, h 1 ˃ lm ˃ c 3, h 2; PN, DN, TN: c 2, h 1 ˃ c 1, la, lm ˃ lp, h 3, h 2 ˃ p 1 ˃ c 3, p 2, p 3. Setae c 1 located on separate sclerites. Cornicle thorn-like, straight, with a long slit at top (1/2 of its length), located between insertions of setae la or lm. Opisthonotal gland opening and all cupules distinct.</p><p>Gnathosoma (Figs 10B, H). Subcapitulum size: LA: 90–100 × 83–90; PN: 120–127 × 97–105; DN: 150–180 × 130–144; TN: 220–240 × 211–235); all subcapitular setae (LA: a, m: 25–30; h: 13–15; PN: a, m: 36; h: 20; DN: a, m: 37–43; h: 28–33; TN: a, m: 45–50; h: 36–38) setiform barbed; adoral seta (LA: 4; PN: 8; DN: 11; TN: 13) setiform, smooth. Palp (LA: 86–90; PN: 99–112; DN: 120–128; TN: 130–140) with setation 0-1-0-3-9(+ω) in larva and 0-2-1-3-9(+ω) in nymphal instars; palpal solenidion bacilliform, appressed to surface; postpalpal seta (LA and PN: 5; DN and TN: 8) spiniform, roughened. Chelicera (LA: 96–111; PN: 117–120; DN: 125–130; TN: 135–150) with two setiform setae; cha (LA: 24–30; PN: 34–44; DN: 48–55; TN: 58–62) barbed, chb (LA: 17–19; PN: 22–25; DN: 26–35; TN: 40–48) unilaterally ciliate in mediodistal part.</p><p>Epimeral region (Figs 6B, 8, 9B). Setal formulas for epimeres: larva 3-1-2 (1c as typical scale covering Claparède’s organ); protonymph: 3-1-2-1; deutonymph: 3-1-2-2, tritonymph: 3-1-3-3; all setae (LA: 10–15; PN: 1b: 30–33, others: 10–20; DN: 1b: 30–35, others: 20–25; TN: 1b: 70–75; others: 30–60) setiform, barbed.</p><p>Anogenital region (Figs 6B, 8, 9B). Ontogeny of genital (PN: 10–15; DN: 12–15; TN: 20–25), aggenital (DN: 15–25; TN: 30–35), adanal (DN: 25–35; TN: 35–40), and anal (TN: 15–18) setal formulas, proto- to tritonymphs: 1- 3-5, 0-1-1, 0-3-3, 0-0-2, respectively; all setae setiform, barbed. Adanal cupule distinct; anal cupule not observed.</p><p>Note: Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters refer to solenidia (except ɛ—famulus). Single quotation mark (’) designates setae on the anterior and double quotation (”) setae on the posterior side of a given leg segment. Parentheses indicate addition of both members of a pseudosymmetrical pair. Juxtaposition of seta d with solenidion indicates coupling. Setae and solenidia are listed for the instar in which they first appear and should be presumed present for the remainder of ontogeny. *—Famulus sunken in juveniles versus emergent in adult.</p><p>Legs (Figs 7, 10I–K, M). Claw of each leg smooth. Porose area on all femora distinctly visible, located ventrodistally. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: larva I (0-2-3-4-16) [1-1-1], II (0-2-3-3-13) [1-1-1], III (0- 2-2-3-13) [1-1-0]; protonymph I (1-3-3-4-16) [1-1-2], II (1-3-3-4-13) [1-1-1], III (1-3-3-3-13) [1-1-0], Iv (0-0-0- 0-7) [0-0-0]; deutonymph I (1-4-4-5-16) [1-2-2], II (1-4-4-5-13) [1-1-2], III (2-3-3-4-13) [1-1-0], Iv (1-3-3-3-12) [0-1-0]; tritonymph I (1-5-4-5-19) [1-2-2], II (1-4-4-5-16) [1-1-2], III (2-3-3-4-16) [1-1-0], Iv (1-3-3-4-13) [0-1-0]; homologies of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 2. Famulus sunken in cup, non-emergent, with distinct internal ‘root’.</p><p>Type deposition. The holotype, six paratypes and juvenile instars are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP). Additional (non-type) materials are in the personal collection of the first and third authors. All specimens are preserved in 70% solution of ethanol with a drop of glycerol.</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of our colleague, the Russian entomologist and biospeleologist, Dr. Alexander G. Koval (St. Petersburg, Russia), who collected this new species.</p><p>Remarks. Damaeus kovali sp. nov. is most similar to D. alpinus (Schweizer, 1956) in the shape of the notogastral setae (strong, with slightly serrated outer edge) and in the sclerotization of the prodorsum. However, the new species is clearly distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: bothridial setae pointed (vs. with blunt tip in D. alpinus); laterosejugal tubercle La absent (vs. present in D. alpinus); apex of tubercle Sp approximately at level of middle length of Sa (vs. approximately at level of apex of Sa in D. alpinus); spina adnata thin, long (vs. with rather broad base, shorter in D. alpinus); notogastral setae short, almost straight (vs. medium length, curved in D. alpinus); setae c 1, c 2 and la oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 not bent to each other and not touching (vs. only c 1 and c 2 oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 bent to each other and not touching in D. alpinus); distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly long than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2 (vs. c 1 – c 1 slightly less than c 1 – c 2 in D. alpinus); enantiophysis E2 well developed (vs. rather small and indistinct D. alpinus); five pair setae on the epimere 3 (vs. four in D. alpinus); seta l’ on tibia IV shorter than respective v ” (vs. slightly long than v ” in D. alpinus), solenidion φ IV not longer than 1/2 length of this tibia (vs. longer in D. alpinus); seta d on genu IV longer than length of this genu (vs. no longer in D. alpinus); setae v a absent on all tarsi (vs. present on tarsi I–III in D. alpinus); solenidion φ 1 on tibia I three times longer than φ 2 (vs. more than five times longer in D. alpinus).</p><p>Three specimens have an asymmetrical increase in the number of anal setae (as in the holotype). There is no correlation between their change and the change in the number of epimeral and genital setae.</p><p>Ecology. Damaeus kovali sp. nov. undergoes its complete development cycle in the cave, although it does not have clear troglomorphic features. Therefore, in accordance with the classification of Sket (2008), we classify this species as eutroglophile, i.e., an essentially epigeic species that is capable of maintaining a permanent subterranean population.</p><p>The food bolus (Fig. 5I) of most adults and juvenile individuals contained semi-digested fragments of fungal hyphae, indicating a feeding preference for fungi growing in the cave on organic remains and corpses.</p><p>Ontogenetic transformations. The main ontogenetic transformations of D. kovali sp. nov. are summarized as follows: Measurements. Size of body increases with each successive instar; length from 420–440 in larva to 1050–1101 in adult. Integument. Body of colorless or light brownish color in juveniles; brown color in adult. Body and legs covered by bacilliform (in juveniles), tuberculate (in juveniles) and filamentous (in juveniles and adult) cerotegument. Cuticle partially folded in juveniles; smooth in adult. Prodorsum. With five pairs of prodorsal setae: rostral, lamellar and exobothridial setae setiform, barbed; interlamellar seta spiniform, nearly straight, barbed in larva and adult versus bacilliform, smooth in nymphs; bothridial seta rod-like, pointed, barbed in mediodistal part. Bothridium cup-like. Adult with four pairs of propodolateral tubercles (Da, Dp, Ba, Bp). Gastronotum. Elongate oval in dorsal view, rather flattened in lateral aspect, posteriorly with small protruding pygidial sclerite in juveniles; nearly circular in dorsal view, convex in lateral aspect, posteriorly broadly rounded in adult. With reticulate exuvial scalps from the previous instars (except larva and adult). Adult with one pair of spinae adnatae. Twelve (in larva h 3 vestigial) pairs of dark color, setiform or subflagellate, barbed gastronotic setae inserted on small tubercles, lp longest in larva, other dorsal setae approximately equal in length. Setae c 3 present in larva and nymphs, absent in adult. Cornicle absent in larva and adult; present in nymphs. Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum with three pairs of subcapitular and two pairs of adoral setae. Palp femur with one seta in larva; with two setae in nymphs and adult. Palp genua without setae in larva; with one seta in nymphs and adult. Chelicera with two setiform setae; cha barbed, chb unilaterally ciliate in mediodistal part. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Larva with six (1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 3a, 3b), protonymph with seven (plus 4a), deutonymph with eight (plus 4b), tritonymph with ten (plus 3c, 4c), and adult with thirteen (plus 3d, 3e, 4d) pairs of epimeral setae. Adult with enantiophyses E2, V, S, and discidium. Anogenital region. In protonymph, one pair of genital setae; in deutonymph, two pairs of genital, one pair of aggenital and three pairs of adanal setae added; in tritonymph, two pair of genital and two pair of anal setae added; in adult, one pair of genital setae added. Paraproctal valves without setae. Legs. Leg setation increasing from instar to instar as shown in Table 2.</p><p>Ontogenetic transformations of D. kovali sp. nov. are typical for Damaeus, and the main differences are related to the larval structure of the interlamellar (short or long), notogastral setae (h 3 vestigial or short), length of the ft” I leg setae (short or long), and palpal setation (genual d absent or present) (e.g., Norton 1978; Ermilov et al. 2010; Seniczak &amp; Seniczak 2011). The last character (absence of seta on the palpal genua) is not known in other species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399ED044309FF90FF14B6A6B94FF88F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B.;Turbanov, Ilya S.;Ermilov, Sergey G.;Vladimirova, Natalia V.;Prokopov, Gregoryi A.	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., Turbanov, Ilya S., Ermilov, Sergey G., Vladimirova, Natalia V., Prokopov, Gregoryi A. (2025): Review of Damaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Damaeidae) from Crimea with description of two new cave-dwelling species. Zootaxa 5740 (1): 80-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8
0399ED044304FF89FF14B27ABCC5FB4F.text	0399ED044304FF89FF14B27ABCC5FB4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Damaeus kizilkobensis Kolesnikov & Turbanov & Ermilov & Vladimirova & Prokopov 2025	<div><p>Damaeus kizilkobensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11–14</p><p>Damaeus sp. — Lebedinsky, 1900: 57, fig. 11 Diagnosis. Adults. Large (1130–1200). Cerotegument granular and filamentous in sejugal area. Apophysis P well developed, slightly slanting. Three pairs of simple prodorsobasal tubercles (Da, Ba, Bp), Dp slightly developed. Tubercle La poorly expressed. Anterior lamellar costula connected with by anterior end of anterodorsal carinae, which reach or almost reach base of bothridium. Anterobothridial ridge (abr) present, distinct, other prodorsal ridges only weakly developed (pbr, ibr). Bothridial seta attenuated at tip. Exobothridial seta long. Notogastral setae of medium length, strong, almost straight, with slightly serrated outer edge. Setae c 1, c 2 and la oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 not bent to each other and not touching. Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly less than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2, c 1 never close to each other. Medial pit (cp) on epimere I present. Ventral enantiophyses E2 and V present, well developed, M absent. Parastigmatic tubercle Sa long, thorn-like, Sp tubercle-like, apex of Sp is approximately at level of middle length of Sa. Epimeral setal formula: 3-1-4-4. Legs not shorter of body. Solenidia on all genua shorter than d. Seta d on genu IV longer than this genu. Tibial setae thin. Formulas of leg segments (I–IV): femur 7-6-4-4; genu and tibia 4-4-3-3; tarsus 21-20-20-17. Seta v 2 ’ present on all tarsi, two setae v a present on tarsi II-IV. Solenidion φ IV not longer than 1/2 length of this tibia.</p><p>Material examined: Crimea, Simferopol Distr., nr Perevalnoye Vil., western slope of Dolgorukovskaya Yaila, Kizil-Koba (= Krasnaya) Cave, 07.XII.2022. I.S. Turbanov leg .</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult (Figs 11–14). Measurements. Body length: 1134 (holotype, female), 1130–1200 (four female and one males paratypes); notogastral width: 740 (holotype), 696–760 (four female and one males paratypes).</p><p>Integument (Figs 13A–G). Colour dark brown or dark reddish-brown. Whole body including legs (except distal part of tarsi) covered by distinct layer of granular cerotegument, granules clearly larger on notogaster than on other parts of body. Sejugal area containing rather strong layer of filamentous cerotegument (Fig. 13E) in addition to granular cerotegument. Cuticular microsculpture smooth or with fine punctuation.</p><p>Prodorsum (Figs 11A, C, 13A, B, D). Prodorsum of generally triangular shape, with relatively narrow rostral part. Propodolateral apophysis P present, well developed, dentiform in dorsal view, oriented anteriad. Prodorsobasal tubercle Da and postbothridial enantiophysis B (with tubercles Ba, Bp) well developed, subconical, distally rounded, similar in size, Dp slightly visible, fused medially, forming transverse ridge; laterosejugal tubercle (La) poorly expressed. Prodorsum with distinct costula bearing lamellar seta and running from le insertion obliquely posteriad (anterior lamellar costula, alc), connected with by anterior end of anterodorsal carinae, which reach or almost reach base of bothridium. Anterior prodorsal tectum (apt) present, broadly interrupted axially, developed continuous transverse line in anterolateral part of prodorsum. Indistinct longitudinal ridges or lines present in interbothridial region, one running from internal edge of tubercle Da anteriad (interbothridial ridge, ibr), and another connecting base of tubercle Ba with bothridium (postbothridial ridge). Distinct anterobothridial ridge present, bent inwards and directed axially, connected to each other by a slightly visible translamellar ridge. Bothridium (Bo) quite narrow, funnel-like, with expanded rim, positioned quite axially and distanced from lateral outline of body. Rostral (130– 160) and lamellar (170–200) setae setiform, slightly barbed, thin, approximately the same diameter. Interlamellar seta (120–160) stronger, oriented posteriad, rough and pointed. Exobothridial seta long (80–100), curved, fine, alveolar vestige of second exobothridial seta present posterior to seta ex. Bothridial seta (280–300) rod-like, pointed, distal half of its length covered by rare small spinuli. Mutual distance of tubercles Ba slightly greater than that of bothridial openings.</p><p>Notogaster (Figs 11A, C, 13A, B, D, E, I). Round or slightly ovate, almost hemispherical in lateral view. Spina adnata (s.a.) usually large, with rather broad base, pointed, oriented antero-laterad, rather transparent (Fig. 5F), with long strongly smooth seta (probably c 3) inserted on ventral side and oriented ventrolaterad. Anterior part of notogaster between and closely behind insertions of notogastral setae (except h 1 and all p) with thickenings (Fig. 4D), appearing as indistinct, arched ridges or lines. Notogastral setae c 1 (130–160), c 2 (130–160), la (120–150), lm (100–120), lp (90–110), h 3 (80–100), h 2 (70–80), and h 1 (80–100) quite strong, pointed, with roughened surface in distal part (Figs 5G, H), almost straight. Seta p finer and more curved than other notogastral setae, p 2 (90–110) and p 3 (70–80) thinner and longer than p 1 (60–70). Setae c 1, c 2, and la oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 not bent to each other and not touching. Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly less than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2. Setae of l and h series inserted in two longitudinal rows, converging posteriad, oriented posterolaterad or posteriad. Five pairs lyrifissures and openings of notogastral glands present. Without full stack of juvenile exuvial scalps, sometimes with separate loosely attached skins and a small amount of debris (Figs 14A, B).</p><p>Gnathosoma. As in of previous species. Subcapitulum size: 260–300 × 200–227; subcapitular setae length a: 50–60; m: 80–88, h: 97–110, adoral seta: 30. Palp length: 200; postpalpal seta length: 10. Chelicera length: 260–300; cha:70–80, chb: 60–70.</p><p>Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs 11, 13A, C). Mentotectum broad, without visible split medially. Medial pit (cp) on epimere I present. Tectum of podocephalic fossa (tpc) laterally with small, slightly protruding, blunt projection directed posteriad. Epimeral tubercles E2a and E2p and ventrosejugal tubercles Va and Vp well developed; mediosejugal enantiophysis M absent. Ventrolateral ridge present, well developed, less distinct or interrupted lateral to enantiophysis E2. Ventrolateral ridge bearing insertion of epimeral seta 1c anteriorly, and ending by small tubercle posteriorly, close to the base of apophysis Sa. Epimeral setal formula 3-1-4-4, lateral setae of epimeres IV (4c and 4d) inserted in pairs close to each other, seta 3c inserted on Vp. All epimeral setae fine, smooth, setiform, but unequal in length (1b longest). Parastigmatic apophyses Sa and Sp present, Sa longer, perpendicular to body axis, slightly bent and pointed, Sp quadrangular or polygonal, blunt, oblique to body axis, apex of Sp is approximately at level of middle length of Sa.</p><p>Anogenital region (Figs 11B, C). Discidium quite small, developed as triangular dentiform tubercle with angular tip. Genital and anal openings of similar length, genital opening slightly broader. Preanal sclerite U-shaped, with transverse and sclerotised anterior edge. Anogenital area with common set of setae of similar form and length—six g (60–90), one ag (100), two an (80–100), three ad (100–110). Adanal setae thicker than epimeral setae. Adanal lyrifissure oriented diagonally.</p><p>Legs (Figs 12, 13F–H). All legs are not shorter than body, legs II and III same length or slightly longer than the body, leg IV longest (Fig. 13I); approximate length of leg segments shown in Table 3. Leg segments elongated; their distal parts (in case of tarsus its proximal part) only moderately expanded. Claw of each tarsus smooth. Porose area on femora I–IV and on trochanters III and IV distinctly visible. Setae length, but never extending over the distal end of subsequent segment. Dorsal and lateral setae of femora I–IV and genu IV roughened, stronger and usually larger than remaining setae. Ventral setae fine and smooth or almost smooth. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1- 7-4-4-21) [1-2-2], II (1-6-4-4-20) [1-1-2], III (2-4-3-3-20) [1-1-0], IV (1-4-3-3-17) [0-1-0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 4. Famulus of tarsus I emergent, setiform, inserted between solenidia ω 1 and ω 2; seta v 2 ’ present on all tarsi, two setae v a present on tarsi II–IV; solenidion on all genua shorter than coupled setae d. Seta l’ on tibia IV slightly longer than respective v ”, length solenidion φ IV is 1/2 the length of this tibia, seta d on genu IV longer than length of this genu. Solenidion φ 1 on tibia I three times longer than φ 2.</p><p>Note: taken from single one average-sized specimen (1140); not includes portion inserted in more proximal segment.</p><p>Note: Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters refer to solenidia (except ɛ—famulus). Single quotation mark (’) designates setae on the anterior and double quotation (”) setae on the posterior side of a given leg segment. Parentheses indicate addition of both members of a pseudosymmetrical pair. Juxtaposition of seta d with solenidion indicates coupling.</p><p>Type deposition. The holotype, four paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP). All specimens are preserved in 70% solution of ethanol with a drop of glycerol .</p><p>Etymology. Named after the Kizil-Koba culture. A Bronze age culture belonging to a people who lived in the 9th–3rd century BC in the Crimean territory. The culture is represented by the materials from the Kizil-Koba Cave and in a number of other archaeological sites in the Crimean Mountains; this cave is also the type locality for the new species.</p><p>Remarks. Damaeus kizilkobensis sp. nov. is most similar to D. alpinus and D. kovali sp. nov. in the shape of the notogastral setae (strong, with slightly serrated outer edge) and sclerotization of the prodorsum. But the new species is clearly distinguished from D. alpinus by the following characteristics: bothridial setae pointed (vs. with blunt tip in D. alpinus); anterior lamellar costula connected with by anterior end of anterodorsal carinae, which reach or almost reach base of bothridium (vs. anterodorsal carinae absent in D. alpinus); exobothridial seta long, 80–100 (vs. short in D. alpinus); apex of apophysis Sp approximately at level of middle length of Sa (vs. approximately at level of apex of Sa in D. alpinus); spina adnata thin, long, with seta (vs. with rather broad base, shorter, without seta in D. alpinus); notogastral setae c 1, c 2 and la oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 not bent to each other and not touching (vs. only c 1 and c 2 oriented anterolaterad, tips of c 1 and c 2 bent to each other and not touching in D. alpinus); distance p 1 – p 1 long that length p 1 (vs. short that length p 1 in D. alpinus); enantiophysis E2 well developed (vs. rather small and indistinct D. alpinus); solenidion φ IV not longer than 1/2 length of this tibia (vs. longer in D. alpinus); seta d on genu IV longer than length of this genu (vs. no longer in D. alpinus); two setae v a absent on tarsus I and present on tarsi II–IV (vs. two setae v a present on tarsus I and one seta v a present on tarsi II and III in D. alpinus); solenidion on genua I shorter than coupled seta d (vs. about the same length in D. alpinus); solenidion φ 1 on tibia I three times longer than φ 2 (vs. more than five times longer in D. alpinus).</p><p>New species is clearly distinguished from D. kovali sp. nov. by the following characteristics: laterosejugal tubercle La present (vs. absent in D. kovali sp. nov.); exobothridial seta long, 80–100 (vs. distinctly shorter, 40–50 in D. kovali sp. nov.); anterior lamellar costula connected with by anterior end of anterodorsal carinae, which reach or almost reach base of bothridium (vs. anterodorsal carinae absent in D. kovali sp. nov.); spina adnata with seta (vs. without seta in D. kovali sp. nov.); notogastral setae c and l medium length, 90–160 (vs. short, 64–90 in D. kovali sp. nov.); distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly less than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2 (vs. c 1 – c 1 slightly long than c 1 – c 2 in D. kovali sp. nov.); arched ridges present between notogastral setae c 1 – h 2 (vs. arched ridges present only between c 1 – lm in D. kovali sp. nov.); five pair epimeral III setae (vs. four in D. kovali sp. nov.); setae v a present on tarsi II-IV tarsi (vs. absent on all tarsi in D. kovali sp. nov.).</p><p>Four out of six specimens of D. kizilkobensis sp. nov. have long bristles on both spina adnata. Such bristles were previously found on rare specimens of some species, for example, on one spina adnata in two specimens of Kunstidamaeus lengersdorfi and single specimens of Epidamaeus tenuissimus Hammer, 1967 and E. tritylos Behan-Pelletier &amp; Norton, 1983 (see Behan-Pelletier &amp; Norton 1985). Moreover, in E. tenuissimus they reached the form of a full-fledged seta (setiform). These setae and spines on the spina adnata may represent an atavistic reappearance of notogastral seta c 3, which is normally absent from adults of Damaeidae (Miko &amp; Mourek 2008) . In D. kizilkobensis sp. nov., a predominance of specimens with the presence of c 3 is noted for the first time. Due to the high frequency of detection of such setae in D. kizilkobensis sp. nov., we included it in the diagnosis, but it is better to consider it when a series of specimens is available.</p><p>Ecology. Damaeus kizilkobensis sp. nov. has been observed feeding on fungal hyphae growing on both bat guano and insect carcasses (Figs 14C, D) and other invertebrates carcasses. This is confirmed by examination of stomach contents. Thus, we believe that D. kizilkobensis sp. nov., as in D. kovali sp. nov., is a specialized mycophage.</p><p>Although for D. kizilkobensis sp. nov., we have not observed juvenile instars in the caves, Lebedinsky (1900) depicted a nymph found in the exact same cave, which indicates it could be the same species and therefore this species possibly also reproduces in the subterranean environment. We consider this species to be a eutroglophile according to the classification of Sket (2008). It is worth noting that the mites were found at a significant distance from the entrance (300-500 m), which suggests that they dwell in the caves in the long term.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399ED044304FF89FF14B27ABCC5FB4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B.;Turbanov, Ilya S.;Ermilov, Sergey G.;Vladimirova, Natalia V.;Prokopov, Gregoryi A.	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., Turbanov, Ilya S., Ermilov, Sergey G., Vladimirova, Natalia V., Prokopov, Gregoryi A. (2025): Review of Damaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Damaeidae) from Crimea with description of two new cave-dwelling species. Zootaxa 5740 (1): 80-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8
0399ED04431DFF86FF14B22ABB72FE97.text	0399ED04431DFF86FF14B22ABB72FE97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Damaeus tauricus Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1957	<div><p>Damaeus tauricus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957</p><p>Figs 15, 17A–E</p><p>Diagnosis. Adults. Large (940–1000). Cerotegument granular. Apophysis P well developed, pointed. Three pairs of simple prodorsobasal tubercles (Da, Ba, Bp). Tubercle La present. Prodorsal ridges abr and ibr developed. Bothridial seta rather short, setiform, slightly roughed in distal half, attenuated at tip. Exobothridial seta short. Notogastral setae flexible, barbed. Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly less than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2, c 1 never close to each other. Ventral enantiophyses E2 and V present, well developed, M absent. Parastigmatic tubercle Sa long, thorn-like, Sp tubercle-like, apex of Sp is approximately at level of apex of Sa. Legs I and IV not shorter of body. Solenidia on all genua shorter than d. Formulas of leg segments (I–IV): femur 7-6-4-4; genu and tibia 4-4- 3-3; tarsus 21-18-18-15. Seta v 2 ’ present on all tarsi, setae v a absent on all tarsi. Setae of femora–tibia roughened, strongly and thick.</p><p>Material examined: Three specimens of D. tauricus (Figs 15A, E, F) on two slides (Fig. 15O), two of which may be from the type series (Figs 15E, F). Although holotype and paratypes were not designated by author of this taxon, one of the slides bears the inscription “sp. n.” (Fig. 15O), which we believe indicates that they were used to make the description. This slide contains three heavily damaged specimens, of which one specimen appears to be least damaged (Fig. 15F). We designate it as lectotype; the remaining heavily damaged specimens on this slide and one specimen from the second slide are designated as paralectotype.</p><p>Supplementary redescription of adult (Figs 15, 17A–E). Measurements. Body length: 960 (lectotype, gender unknown), 940, 1000 (two paralectotypes, gender unknown); notogastral width: 680 (lectotype), 680, 750 (two paralectotypes). The samples are damaged, so our measurements are not consistent with the original description (880 × 600).</p><p>Integument (Figs 15K, N). Colour dark brown or dark reddish-brown. The cerotegument is poorly preserved, mainly on the legs and sejugal area—granular, filamentous cerotegument not observed. Cuticular microsculpture smooth.</p><p>Prodorsum (Figs 15A, N). Prodorsum of generally triangular shape, with relatively narrow rostral part. Propodolateral apophysis P present, well developed, short, pointed, oriented anteriad (Fig. 15A). Prodorsobasal tubercle Da and postbothridial tubercles (Ba, Bp) well developed, subconical, distally rounded, Da and Ba larger that Bp, Dp not observed; laterosejugal tubercle (La) present. Prodorsal costulae and tecta not observed, except interbothridial ridge (ibr) and anterobothridial ridge. Anterior prodorsal tectum (apt) present, broadly interrupted axially, developed as more or less short, slanting line in anterolateral part of prodorsum. Bothridium (Bo) quite narrow, funnel-like, with expanded rim, positioned quite axially and distanced from lateral outline of body. Rostral (110) and lamellar (140) setae setiform, slightly barbed, thin, le slightly stronger and rougher than ro. Interlamellar seta not observed. Exobothridial seta short (30), curved, fine. Bothridial seta (270) rod-like, pointed, distal half of its length covered by rare small spinuli. Mutual distance of tubercles Ba slightly greater than that of bothridial openings.</p><p>Notogaster (Figs 15B, N). Round or slightly ovate. Spinae adnatae (s.a.) large, with rather broad base, pointed, oriented antero-mediated, rather transparent (Fig. 15N), without seta. Notogastral setae not observed, except one unidentified seta (100), probably h —flexible, barbed (Fig. 15B). Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 slightly less than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2. Setae of l and h series inserted in two longitudinal rows, converging posteriad. Lyrifissures, openings of notogastral glands and juvenile exuvial scalps not observed.</p><p>Gnathosoma not observed.</p><p>Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Mentotectum, medial pit (cp) on epimere I, tectum of podocephalic fossa (tpc) not observed. Epimeral tubercles E2a and E2p and ventrosejugal tubercles Va and Vp well developed; mediosejugal enantiophysis M absent. Epimeral setal formula unknown. Parastigmatic apophyses Sa and Sp present, Sa longer, perpendicular to body axis, slightly bent and pointed, Sp blunt, oblique to body axis, apex of Sp is approximately at level of apex of Sa.</p><p>Anogenital region. Discidium quite small, developed as triangular dentiform tubercle with angular tip. Genital and anal openings of similar length, genital opening slightly broader. Preanal sclerite not oserved. Anogenital area with six genital, one agential, two anal, and three adanal setae, all setae not observed, except for their alveoli.Adanal and anal lyrifissures not observed.</p><p>Legs (Figs 15C, D, G–M, 17A–E). Legs I and IV slightly longer than body, leg II slightly short than body, leg III same length of body, approximate length of leg segments shown in Table 5. Leg segments elongated; their distal parts (in case of tarsus its proximal part) only moderately expanded. Claw of each tarsus smooth. Setae moderately length. All setae of femora-tibia roughened, strongly and thick. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1-7-4-4- 21) [1-2-2], II (1-6-4-4-18) [1-1-2], III (2-4-3-3-18) [1-1-0], IV (1-4-3-3-15) [0-1-0]. Famulus of tarsus I emergent, setiform, inserted between solenidia ω 1 and ω 2; seta v 2 ’ present on all tarsi, setae v a absent on all tarsi; solenidion on all genua shorter than coupled setae d. Seta l’ on tibia IV slightly shorter than respective v ”, length solenidion φ IV and d on genu IV unknown. Solenidion φ 1 on tibia I three times longer than φ 2.</p><p>Remarks. Damaeus tauricus is easily distinguished from other Crimean species by the shape of its notogastral setae—flexible and barbed. It also differs clearly from two new species by its roughened, strongly, and thick leg setae and shortened leg segments (for example, genua and tibia IV lengths are 140 and 330, respectively, compared to 180–200 and 350–400 in the two new species). Due to the loss of notogastric setae in the preparations, it is difficult to establish a similarity between their morphome and the setae in D. crispatus (Kulczynski, 1902) . However, D. tauricus can be distinguished by the long seta d on genu I, which is longer than its solenidion σ (vs. the solenidion σ is not shorter than the seta d on genu I in D. crispatus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399ED04431DFF86FF14B22ABB72FE97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B.;Turbanov, Ilya S.;Ermilov, Sergey G.;Vladimirova, Natalia V.;Prokopov, Gregoryi A.	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., Turbanov, Ilya S., Ermilov, Sergey G., Vladimirova, Natalia V., Prokopov, Gregoryi A. (2025): Review of Damaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Damaeidae) from Crimea with description of two new cave-dwelling species. Zootaxa 5740 (1): 80-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8
0399ED044312FF84FF14B7E7BA39FE26.text	0399ED044312FF84FF14B7E7BA39FE26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Damaeus echinopus Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1957	<div><p>Damaeus echinopus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957</p><p>Figs 16, 17F, G</p><p>Diagnosis. Adults. Large (770). Cerotegument granular. Apophysis P well developed, pointed. Three pairs of simple prodorsobasal tubercles (Da, Ba, Bp). Prodorsal ridges abr developed. Bothridial seta rather short, setiform, slightly roughed in distal half, attenuated at tip. Notogastral setae spiniform, strong, pointed, straight, smooth. Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 less than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2, c 1 never close to each other. Legs longer than body. Solenidia on all genua longer than d. Formulas of leg segments (I–IV): femur 7-6-4-4; genu and tibia 4-4-3-3. Setae of femora–tibia roughened, strongly and thick.</p><p>Material examined: One badly damaged specimen of D. echinopus, for which a holotype was also not clearly designated, but inscription on slide contains “typus sp. n.” (Fig. L), which can be regarded as a holotype.</p><p>Supplementary redescription of adult (Figs 16, 17F, G). Measurements. Body length: 770 (holotype, gender unknown); notogastral width: 620 (holotype).</p><p>Integument (Figs 16C, F, G, I). Colour dark brown. The cerotegument is poorly preserved, mainly on the legs and sejugal area—granular and filamentous cerotegument on sejugal area. Cuticular microsculpture smooth.</p><p>Prodorsum (Figs 16A, B). Prodorsum of generally triangular shape, with relatively narrow rostral part. Propodolateral apophysis P present, well developed, pointed. Prodorsobasal tubercle Da and postbothridial tubercles (Ba, Bp) well developed, subconical, distally rounded, similar in size, Dp not observed; laterosejugal tubercle (La) unknown. Prodorsal costulae and tecta not observed, express interbothridial ridge (ibr) and anterobothridial ridge. Anterior prodorsal tectum (apt) present, broadly interrupted axially, developed as more or less short, slanting line in anterolateral part of prodorsum. Bothridium (Bo) quite narrow, funnel-like, with expanded rim, positioned quite axially and distanced from lateral outline of body. Rostral (90) and lamellar (96) setae setiform, slightly barbed, thin, le slightly stronger and rougher than ro. Interlamellar and exobothridial setae not observed. Bothridial seta (200) rod-like, pointed, distal half of its length covered by rare small spinuli. Mutual distance of tubercles Ba slightly greater than that of bothridial openings.</p><p>Note: taken from holotype (960); not includes portion inserted in more proximal segment.</p><p>Notogaster (Figs 16C–F). Round or slightly ovate. Spinae adnatae (s.a.) not observed. Notogastral setae not observed, except lm (70), h 1 (60) and one unidentified seta (60), quite strong, pointed, straight, smooth (Figs 16D–F). Distance of insertions c 1 – c 1 less than distance of insertions c 1 – c 2. Setae of l and h series inserted in two longitudinal rows, converging posteriad. Lyrifissures, openings notogastral glands and juvenile exuvial scalps not observed.</p><p>Gnathosoma, epimeral, lateral podosomal and anogenital region not observed.</p><p>Legs (Figs 16G–K, 17F, G). All legs longer than body, length of leg II unknown, approximate length of leg segments shown in Table 6. Leg segments elongated; their distal parts (in case of tarsus its proximal part) only moderately expanded. Claw of each tarsus smooth. Setae moderately length. All setae of femora-tibia roughened, strongly and thick. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1-7-4-4-?) [1-2-2], II (1-6-4-4-?) [1-1-2], III (2-4-3-3-?) [1-1-0], IV (1-4-3-3-?) [0-1-0]. Tarsal setation unknown. Solenidion on all genua longer than coupled setae d.</p><p>Remarks. Damaeus echinopus is easily distinguished from other Crimean species by its smooth notogastral setae and short, coupled setae d on genus (shorter than solenidia). It also differs clearly from the two new species by its rougher, strong, and thicker leg setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399ED044312FF84FF14B7E7BA39FE26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B.;Turbanov, Ilya S.;Ermilov, Sergey G.;Vladimirova, Natalia V.;Prokopov, Gregoryi A.	Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., Turbanov, Ilya S., Ermilov, Sergey G., Vladimirova, Natalia V., Prokopov, Gregoryi A. (2025): Review of Damaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Damaeidae) from Crimea with description of two new cave-dwelling species. Zootaxa 5740 (1): 80-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.8
