taxonID	type	description	language	source
039B87BFFFC6FFFEFECEFE95FC787640.taxon	description	Larva (Figs. 1 – 11): Total length without case up to 19 mm, maximum abdominal width 4 mm. Head (Figs. 3 – 6): Reddish brown, hypognathous, 3 times longer than wide, slightly depressed anteriorly with muscle impressions in posterior area of frontoclypeal apotome and both sides of coronal suture (Fig. 3). Eyes positioned anterolaterally on superior third of head. Mandibles with median setal brush, apex without indentation, spoon­like (Fig. 4). Ventral apotome elongated, posterior end thin, occupying 2 / 3 of ventral ecdysial line, anterior end concave with anterolateral angles sharply elongated to about 1 / 3 apotome length (Fig. 5). Labrum with setal brush at most of anterolateral margin (Fig. 6). Thorax (Fig. 7): Pronotum ­ Yellowish brown, 1.4 times longer than wide. Anterior margin convex, bearing double row of setae, with short, thin, lightly colored setae mixed with dark brown spiniform setae. Posterior margin of pronotum rounded, thick, darkly sclerotized. A mixture of thick, both short and long setae, sparsely distributed on dorsal surface. Transverse depression present on anterior third, and numerous muscular impressions posteriorly. Meso­ and metanota ­ Sclerites reddish brown. Mesonotal plates well developed, with many long, dark setae distributed between the 3 primary setal areas. Metanotal plates sa 1, sa 2 and sa 3 with mixture of thick, both long and short setae; membranous surface around sa 1 with some small setae; sclerotized points immediately posterior to anterior sulcus. Prosternal plate retanguloid or pentagonal. Prosternal spine approximately half length of anterior coxa. Meso­ and metasterna with pair of small setae medially and pair of setae near base of each coxa. Mesosternum with irregular row of small sclerotized points on posterior margin. Metasternum without such points. Legs (Fig. 8): Foreleg trochanter without brush; 3 thick apical setae and 4 setae on the ventral surface. Femur slender, approximately same length as tibia; 2 rows of ventral setae, external row of 6 spiniform long, thick setae, inner row of yellowish short, thin setae. Tibia with 4 dorsal setae on distal end, 2 dark and thick, 2 light and thin; 2 ventral spurs present on distal end. Apex of tarsus with 2 dorsal and 2 ventral setae. Basal seta of tarsal claw almost of same length as claw. Middle and hind legs essentially identical to forelegs, except for external row of ventral setae on femora with 5 spiniform setae. Abdomen (Fig. 1): Lateral line extending from half of segment II to segment VIII. Forked lamellae absent. Ventral chloride epithelia present as transverse oval sclerotized rings, 6 times wider than long on segments II and VII and 8 times wider than long on segments III – VI. Abdominal segment I with well developed dorsal, ventral, and lateral humps; setae present anterior to dorsal hump, and dorsal and ventral to lateral humps; ventral hump large and setose, with most setae inserted on distinct, sometimes convex sclerotized areas. Gills present on segments II – VII; position and number of filaments as in Figure 11. Tergite VIII with transverse row of alternating short and long setae posteriorly (Fig. 9); other smaller setae sparsely distributed over all of segment VIII. Tergite IX rectanguloid, dark brown with thick setae over all of surface, longer on anterior margin and extending to lateral membrane. Ventral surface of segment IX with row of 6 setae at half length (Fig. 10). Anal prolegs with 1 thick curved seta on distal end of lateral sclerite (Fig. 9), basal tuft of 3 long thick setae; ventral surface membranous, without setae (Fig. 10). Case (Fig. 2): Length 19.5 mm. Constructed of mineral matter, oval in cross section, ventral surface flattened, slightly curved and posteriorly tapered. Posterior end closed off with silk, but with a central circular opening. Pupa (Figs. 12 – 14): Length 14.5 – 16 mm. Head (Fig. 12): 3 pairs of setae on margin of frontoclypeal area; 2 pairs of setae below eyes; 2 pairs of setae on frontal region, 1 pair on vertex between antennae. Anterior tentorial pits well marked. Antennal scape with ventro­ lateral tuft of 9 setae, dorsal tuft of 4 – 5 setae and posterior tuft of 7 – 8 setae; pedicel with dorsal tuft of 9 setae. Labrum with 5 pairs of thick, rigid, long apically hooked setae. Mandibles without teeth, base wide, apex acute, inner margin finely serrate. Maxillary palp 3 ­ segmented in male, 5 ­ segmented in female. Thorax: Pronotum with 4 pairs of setae, mesonotum with 12 – 18 pairs, metanotum with 3 – 6 pairs. Thick, black setae present on all coxae; forecoxa (6 setae), middle coxa (12 – 17 setae) with natatory setae long and thin, arranged in double row only on tarsomeres 1 – 4 in middle leg; wing pads reaching abdominal segment IV. Abdomen (Fig. 13): Lateral fringe of long thin dark brown setae extending ventrolaterally from half of segment V to segment VIII. Abdominal segment I with transverse striae on both sides of dorsal median line; hook plates of posterior margin bearing small spines (9 – 19). Hook plates present on segments III – VII, anterior plates rhomboidal and pedicelate bearing 4 – 9 pointed hooks; posterior plates present only on segment V, rectangular and bearing 9 – 16 small hooks. Number of hooks varying between individuals and between right and left plates of the same individual. Segment IX (Fig. 14) with tegument sclerotized, pale brown, bearing numerous dorsal setae; posterior margin with 2 flattened expansions covered with small spines; apical processes transverse to body axis, of same length as segment IX, cylindrical, covered with very small spines; 2 subterminal setae on inner surface. The last larval instar case is used as the pupal case, but the anterior opening is closed by silk.	en	Huamantinco, Ana Asunción, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2004): Description of the larva and pupa of Antarctoecia brasiliensis Huamantinco & Nessimian, 2003 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Zootaxa 490: 1-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1
039B87BFFFC6FFFEFECEFE95FC787640.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Larval and pupal specimens deposited in the Coleção Entomológica do Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (DZRJ). Larvae: Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, 1860 m alt., 15 ­ ix­ 1996, rocky substratum in riffle, J. L. Nessimian; A. L. Carvalho & N. Ferreira Jr. leg., 5 larvae (DZRJ 590); 15 ­ ix­ 1996, leaf packs in riffles, J. L. Nessimian; A. L. Carvalho & N. Ferreira Jr. leg., 1 larva (DZRJ 591); 18 ­ x­ 1997, leaf packs in riffles, J. L. Nessimian; A. L. Carvalho & N. Ferreira Jr. leg., 1 larva (DZRJ 592); 18 ­ x­ 1997, rocky substrate, riffle, J. L. Nessimian; A. L. Carvalho & N. Ferreira Jr. leg., 1 larva (DZRJ 593); 11 ­ ix­ 1998, rocky substrate, pool, J. L. Nessimian; A. L. Carvalho & N. Ferreira Jr. leg., 2 larvae (DZRJ 594); 07 ­ ix­ 2000, rocky substrate, J. L. Nessimian leg., 3 larvae (DZRJ 596); 07 ­ ix­ 2000, gravel and pebble substrate, rapids, J. L. Nessimian leg., 3 larvae (DZRJ 597); 08 ­ ix­ 2000, pebbles, riffle, J. L. Nessimian leg., 7 larvae (DZRJ 598); 05 ­ iv­ 2001, rocky substrate, J. L. Nessimian, A. L. Henriques­Oliveira & A. A. Huamantinco leg., 1 larva (DZRJ 599); 13 ­ x­ 2001, rocky substrate, riffle, J. L. Nessimian leg., 15 larvae (DZRJ 600). Pupae: Same locality of larvae, 2 ­ x­ 1999, rocky substrate, J. L. Nessimian leg., 3 pupae (DZRJ 595); 13 ­ x­ 2001, rocky substrate, J. L. Nessimian leg., 18 pupae (DZRJ 601); 13 ­ x­ 2001, rocky substrate, J. L. Nessimian leg., 1 pupa (DZRJ 602); 26 ­ x­ 2002, rocky substrate, J. L. Nessimian leg., 2 pupae (DZRJ 603).	en	Huamantinco, Ana Asunción, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2004): Description of the larva and pupa of Antarctoecia brasiliensis Huamantinco & Nessimian, 2003 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Zootaxa 490: 1-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1
039B87BFFFC6FFFEFECEFE95FC787640.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and habitat: Larvae and pupae were collected attached to rocky substrate in rapids and riffles from a third order section of the Rio Aiuruoca. At the collection site, the river is 6 ­ 8 m wide, with clean and cold water. Gut content analysis indicated that larvae are scrapers and feed predominately on algae (Cyanophyceae, Desmidiaceae, Diatomaceae). Plant fibers and detritus were also ingested. Pupae were found fixed by the anterior end of the pupal case under boulders in the splash zones of riffles.	en	Huamantinco, Ana Asunción, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2004): Description of the larva and pupa of Antarctoecia brasiliensis Huamantinco & Nessimian, 2003 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Zootaxa 490: 1-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1
039B87BFFFC6FFFEFECEFE95FC787640.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Antarctoecia nordenskioeldii is known from the provinces of Jujuy and Catamarca, Argentina, at elevations of 4500 – 5000 meters (Flint et al., 1999). Antarctoecia brasiliensis is known only from the Mantiqueira mountain range at elevations of 1800 – 1900 meters, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Huamantinco & Nessimian, 2003).	en	Huamantinco, Ana Asunción, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2004): Description of the larva and pupa of Antarctoecia brasiliensis Huamantinco & Nessimian, 2003 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Zootaxa 490: 1-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1
039B87BFFFC6FFFEFECEFE95FC787640.taxon	discussion	Comments: The larva of Antarctoecia is characterized by a number of distinctive features, inlcuding: the elongated head capsule, position of the eyes on the posterior third of the head, mandibles without teeth, ventral apotome long with sharp anterolateral angles, pronotum elongated with anterior margin convex, trochanter without brush, and glabrous tibia. The larva of Antarctoecia differs from Anomalocosmoecus by the absence of a dorsal carina on the head and by the absence of enlarged setae on the inner margins of all tibiae; from Austrocosmoecus by mandibles with entire tips, legs without trocanteral brush, dorsal abdominal gills present on segments II – VII and by lacking forked lamellae; from Magellomyia by absence of mandibular teeth, tibiae of mid and hind legs lacking minutely serrated inner margins, ventral ovoid rings of segments II – VII each about 8 times wider than long, and anal prolegs without setae ventrally; from Metacosmoecus because the pronotum is longer than wider, the metanotum lacks setae on the membrane posteriorly, the anal prolegs with only 4 long thick setae and ventrally without setae on the membrane; from Monocosmoecus because head and thorax sclerites are reddish brown without pale stripe middorsally, mandibles without teeth, inner margins of tibiae and tarsus lacking fringes of short setae, first abdominal sternum lacking sclerites, and ovoid rings present on abdominal segments II – VII; from Platycosmoecus by lacking sclerites on the first abdominal segment and absence of expansion on basal half of fore femur. Antarctoecia brasiliensis differs from the tentative? Antarctoecia larva described by Flint (1982) because the former has mandibles without teeth, the thorax lacks short dark bladelike setae on all nota, and tibiae and tarsi of all legs lack rows of bladelike setae on inner margins. The pupa has abdominal dorsal hook plates similar in form to Austrocosmoecus (Marlier, 1963), but differs from this and other described pupae of South American Limnephilidae by the presence of two flattened expansions covered with spines on abdominal segment IX and the apical processes transverse to the body axis.	en	Huamantinco, Ana Asunción, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2004): Description of the larva and pupa of Antarctoecia brasiliensis Huamantinco & Nessimian, 2003 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Zootaxa 490: 1-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.490.1.1
