identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039A194BDA1D9131EDAFFB6BFB1FDC7F.text	039A194BDA1D9131EDAFFB6BFB1FDC7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphonaptera	<div><p>Siphonaptera</p><p>The Canyon Creek midden (GZ-2014-CC-1) is the oldest in this study, at approximately 80 000 years BP, and the Mint Gulch midden (DF18-37) is the youngest at 13 680 cal. yr BP.</p><p>All identifiable flea specimens presented in this study are Oropsylla alaskensis ( Ceratophyllidae). Of the nine fleas collected, five are females and four are males. Most specimens were heavily sclerotised (Fig. 2A and C), with the exception of fleas from SC22-HC-37 (Fig. 2D), four of which (3♂, 1♀) are pharate (Fig. 2B), and around which there was particulate materials, perhaps associated with their cocoons. Two pharate males could be identified as O. alaskensis . One female from this site was well sclerotised and identified as O. alaskensis . The male from SLC21-KL-1 was badly fragmented, with only head and thoracic segments present in pieces; it could be identified only as Ceratophyllidae . Specimen DF18-37 is a pharate female Oropsylla cf. alaskensis . The hilla of the spermatheca in this specimen is partially collapsed, and measurements of the hilla could not be made. Although the abdomen of DF09-HC-29 is slightly retracted, the hilla and posterior margin of STVII are sufficiently intact to identify this specimen as O. alaskensis . Specimen GZ-2014-CC-1 is the oldest specimen in the series (∼ 80 000 years old) and is a fully sclerotised female. It is in remarkably good condition despite being separated into two pieces at the posterior abdomen (Fig. 2A). The spermatheca (cracked) and STVII are sufficiently intact and characteristic of O. alaskensis (Fig. 3B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A194BDA1D9131EDAFFB6BFB1FDC7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cocker, Scott L.;Proctor, Heather C.;Galloway, Terry D.;Miskelly, James;Jensen, Britta J. L.;Froese, Duane G.	Cocker, Scott L., Proctor, Heather C., Galloway, Terry D., Miskelly, James, Jensen, Britta J. L., Froese, Duane G. (2025): Pleistocene grasshoppers, fleas, thrips, and mites: rare and new records from Arctic ground squirrel middens in east Beringia in Yukon Territory, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist (e 21) 157: 1-25, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2025.14, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2025.14
039A194BDA1C9130EDB0FAADFEE8DD7F.text	039A194BDA1C9130EDB0FAADFEE8DD7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthoptera Latreille 1810	<div><p>Orthoptera</p><p>We identified three grasshopper legs (Fig. 4) from middens DF09-HC-29 (MNI = 2) and SLC21-KL-1 (MNI = 1) as belonging to short-horned grasshoppers ( Acrididae) and, more specifically, slant-faced grasshoppers ( Gomphocerinae). Only five known species of this subfamily are known to occur in Yukon Territory, but the absence of diagnostic features required for species identification meant the three specimens could be identified only to indeterminate subfamily Gomphocerinae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A194BDA1C9130EDB0FAADFEE8DD7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cocker, Scott L.;Proctor, Heather C.;Galloway, Terry D.;Miskelly, James;Jensen, Britta J. L.;Froese, Duane G.	Cocker, Scott L., Proctor, Heather C., Galloway, Terry D., Miskelly, James, Jensen, Britta J. L., Froese, Duane G. (2025): Pleistocene grasshoppers, fleas, thrips, and mites: rare and new records from Arctic ground squirrel middens in east Beringia in Yukon Territory, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist (e 21) 157: 1-25, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2025.14, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2025.14
039A194BDA1C9130EDB0F9CCFCFADC7F.text	039A194BDA1C9130EDB0F9CCFCFADC7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanoptera Haliday 1836	<div><p>Thysanoptera</p><p>One Thysanoptera specimen was collected from midden DF18-37 from Mint Gulch (Fig. 3A). The specimen preserves features characteristic of thrips (a rounded head with small, rounded eyes and a short tarsus without claws) but lacks features to enable identification further than indeterminate Thripidae (Laurence Mound, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Australia, personal communication).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A194BDA1C9130EDB0F9CCFCFADC7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cocker, Scott L.;Proctor, Heather C.;Galloway, Terry D.;Miskelly, James;Jensen, Britta J. L.;Froese, Duane G.	Cocker, Scott L., Proctor, Heather C., Galloway, Terry D., Miskelly, James, Jensen, Britta J. L., Froese, Duane G. (2025): Pleistocene grasshoppers, fleas, thrips, and mites: rare and new records from Arctic ground squirrel middens in east Beringia in Yukon Territory, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist (e 21) 157: 1-25, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2025.14, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2025.14
039A194BDA13913EEDAFF9F0FCB4DE46.text	039A194BDA13913EEDAFF9F0FCB4DE46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesostigmata Baker 1999	<div><p>Mites: Mesostigmata and Astigmata</p><p>In all, 44 mites were collected from two middens, SC22-EC-1 (MNI = 2) and DF18-37 (MNI = 42) and represent members of Astigmata and Mesostigmata in various life stages. Identification to finer taxonomic levels using keys was problematic because of many missing or obscured features. Midden SC22-EC-1 from Eureka Creek contained two individuals of Mesostigmata, of which one lacks characters to identify it further than indeterminate Mesostigmata (male). The other was identified as cf. Haemogamasus sp. ( Laelapidae: Haemogamasinae) (male or a nymph), based in part on the dense setae covering the idiosoma (= hypertrichy; Fig. 5A). Midden DF18-37 from Mint Gulch contained individuals of both Mesostigmata (MNI = 11) and Astigmata (MNI = 31). Individuals of Mesostigmata are represented by cf. Haemogamasus sp. (MNI = 1; possible female), cf. Macronyssidae (MNI = 1; female), and indeterminate Mesostigmata (MNI = 9; two nymphs, one possible male, one possible female, and five unclear as to sex or life stage). Astigmata are represented among the specimens solely by the genus Fusacarus sp. ( Glycyphagidae), of which three specimens are males, seven are females, and 21 are indeterminate as to sex or life stage (Fig. 5B–D). This genus is unusual among Glycyphagidae in being strongly sclerotised rather than having a soft cuticle (OConnor 2009). Female Fusacarus spp. have a very distinctive oviporus (egg opening) region with strongly sclerotised shields (Fig. 5C; Halliday and Walter 2006). Like Fusacarus laminipes Michael, 1903, F. volantis Volgin, 1971, and an undescribed species of Fusacarus from Algeria (Grandjean 1953), both sexes of our specimens have well-developed flanges on the ventral sides of the femora and genua of first and second pairs of legs (Fig. 6).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A194BDA13913EEDAFF9F0FCB4DE46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cocker, Scott L.;Proctor, Heather C.;Galloway, Terry D.;Miskelly, James;Jensen, Britta J. L.;Froese, Duane G.	Cocker, Scott L., Proctor, Heather C., Galloway, Terry D., Miskelly, James, Jensen, Britta J. L., Froese, Duane G. (2025): Pleistocene grasshoppers, fleas, thrips, and mites: rare and new records from Arctic ground squirrel middens in east Beringia in Yukon Territory, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist (e 21) 157: 1-25, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2025.14, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2025.14
