taxonID	type	description	language	source
039CA710355EFFE2FC86FF3CFBCB4630.taxon	description	Figures 5 a – b, 10 a, 11 a – c, 12 a, f, 13, 14 a – c, 15	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710355EFFE2FF3EFE7DFB3B44C3.taxon	discussion	Remarks Goweroconcha was described by Iredale (1944) for Endodonta waterhousiae Hedley, 1897 and new species G. wilsoni and G. wenda Iredake, 1944. There was some question over the identity of E. waterhousiae; the type locality was given by Hedley (1897) as Mt Gower, but Iredale (1944) stated that it is a lowland species and that Hedley’s locality was given in error. We show herein that G. waterhousiae is found throughout the lowlands but also on the lower slopes of Mt Lidgbird and Mt Gower, so it is possible that the original type locality is correct. Gyropena and Pulcharopa were described by Iredale (1944) as monotypic genera, including G. verans and P. plesa, respectively. Goweroconcha was stated to differ from the other two genera in its larger size, radially sculptured protoconch, and discoidal shape with a slightly sunken spire and wide umbilicus. Gyropena is similar but much smaller. Pulcharopa has a subglobose shape, moderately wide, crateriform umbilicus, and a protoconch with fine radial sculpture and more widely spaced teleoconch ribs. Gyropena minuta Shea & Griffiths 2010 was originally included in Gyropena based on its spirally lirate protoconch and distinct radial ribs while being minute in size and having a punctid-like appearance (Stanisic et al., 2010). Here, we determine that Gyropena minuta belongs to Punctidae, and it is therefore excluded from Gyropena. Its taxonomy will be revised elsewhere. We demonstrate that despite the wide variation in shell size and protoconch sculpture, all members of Goweroconcha along with G. verans and G. plesa form a single radiation. Because Goweroconcha as originally delineated is not monophyletic, we synonymize Gyropena and Pulcharopa to create a monophyletic taxon. Goweroconcha differs from Pseudocharopa in its flat to sunken spire, less rapidly descending and / or expanding last whorl, and moderately to widely open umbilicus. Notable anatomical differences include the shorter second lobe of the kidney, a shorter free oviduct, a longer vagina, and a longer epiphallus than in Pseudocharopa. There are also differences in the penial retractor muscle attachment and the degree of demarcation of the penis and epiphallus.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710355FFFE3FF3EFB25FD9F4151.taxon	description	Figures 10 b, 11 d – f, 12 b – e, 14 d – f, 15, 16	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710355CFFE0FF3EF8D6FA4640A6.taxon	description	Figures 10 c, 17 a, 18 a – c, 19, 20 Pulcharopa plesa Iredale, 1944: 320 (Holotype: AM C. 63482, Lord Howe Is); Hyman & Köhler, 2020 a, b: 81.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710355DFFE1FF3EF901FDED430E.taxon	description	Figures 10 d – e, 11 g – l, 15, 21 a – e, 22, 23	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710355DFFE1FC86FC17FC6A4085.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined See Table 1.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA7103562FFDEFC86F95DFBF04360.taxon	description	Figures 10 f, 17 b, 18 d – f, 20, 24	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA7103560FFDDFC86F97DFE594104.taxon	description	Figures 5 c – d, 10 g, 17 c, 18 g – i, 20, 21 f, 25 Gyropena verans Iredale, 1944: 321 (Syntypes: AM C. 63480, Mt Gower, Lord Howe Is, 2 specimens); Hyman & Köhler, 2020 a, b: 71.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA7103567FFD9FC86F9DBFE794265.taxon	discussion	Remarks We follow Smith (1992) in synonymizing Howeinsulea, Deceptrena, Ballena, and Lidgbirdia. In addition, we synonymize Mystivagor based on molecular phylogenetics. Pseudocharopa is re-described to capture its changed species composition. Pseudocharopa differs from Goweroconcha in its relatively large shell with reduced whorls, patterned with zigzagging flammulations, with either a supraperipheral sulcus or whorls flattened above the periphery. All species have shown a strong decline in numbers since they were first described, with one presumed extinct (P. exquisita) and three listed as Critically Endangered (P. ledgbirdi, P. mastersi, P. whiteleggei). The final species, P. balli, has demonstrated a sharp decline since the introduction of rats and would also be eligible for listing but has been considered a synonym of P. ledgbirdi for many years. Members of this genus may be more vulnerable to disturbance than Goweroconcha. This could be due to their generally larger size, making them more attractive to rats; however, even the smaller members of the genus are affected. All Pseudocharopa species are endemic to the upper slopes and summits of the southern mountains, which are experiencing impacts from climate change. However, the summit species belonging to Goweroconcha do not appear to be similarly affected. It may be that Pseudocharopa has a lower birth rate and cannot replace its population as quickly, making it more susceptible to predation. In the larger species, P. whiteleggei and P. balli, adult shells of living specimens are extremely worn, perhaps indicating that these species grow slowly and live to an advanced age compared to other groups.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA7103565FFD9FF3EF95DFB9641BD.taxon	description	Figures 5 e – f, 26 a, 27 a, 28, 29, 30	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA7103565FFD9FC86FA3CFC6A42AB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined See Table 1.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710356BFFD7FF3EF9B7FAD3425E.taxon	description	Figures 5 g – h, 26 b, 27 b, 30, 31 a – c, 32	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710356EFFD2FC86FA22FC6A426E.taxon	materials_examined	Other material See Table 1.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710356EFFD2FC86FB11FB5A41D6.taxon	description	Figures 26 c, 27 c, 30	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710356CFFD0FC86FB77FB354124.taxon	description	Figures 5 k – l, 26 d, 27 d, 30, 31 d – e, 33	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710356CFFD1FC86FA91FF374255.taxon	description	Description External morphology. Shell (Figs. 26 d, 27 d) small (SW 5.6 – 5.7 mm, SH 5.4 – 6.7 mm; Table 3), 2.8 – 4.2 whorls, chestnut brown with cream-coloured, zigzagging flammulations. Globosely ear-shaped with a reduced shell, rapidly increasing last whorl and wide aperture; whorls and periphery rounded; sutures impressed. Protoconch with regular, widely spaced radial ribs; teleoconch with rugose surface but no distinct ribs. Aperture teardrop-shaped, umbilicus absent. Body colour (Fig. 31 d – e) dark grey with paler grey sole. Reproductive system (Figs. 5 k, 33). Vagina moderately short; free oviduct moderate length. Penis short, tubular to bulbous, shorter and broader than epiphallus. Epiphallus coiled within penial tunica, entering the penis through a thickened ring. Penis with multiple irregular longitudinal pilasters.	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
039CA710356DFFD1FC86F912FB18433E.taxon	description	Figures 5 i – j, 14 c, 26 e, 27 e, 30, 34, 35	en	Hyman, Isabel T., Köhler, Frank (2024): Size does matter: integrative taxonomy and size evolution of threatened charopid land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 24 (3): 257-312, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00644-z
