taxonID	type	description	language	source
039187CA5E61FFCF7EAEFC66FED8215E.taxon	description	Egg (n = 5; Plate 1) Oblong in shape, length (98, 94 – 105) about twice the width (60, 58 – 61); eggshell smooth. Larva (n = 5; Figs 1 – 3; Plates 2, 3, 4 A, 5 A; Table 1) Idiosoma oval, cuticle smooth, white to pale yellow, with a pair of distinct brownish spots (opisthonotal gland) posterolaterally. Dorsum (Fig. 1 A, Plates 2 a & 4 a). Prodorsal shield indiscernible. Grandjean’s organ finger-shaped, smooth and short; supracoxal setae scx slender and lightly barbed. Ocelli faint; vi nearly 1 / 2 as long as distance between vi and sci; alveoli of ve indiscernible; sce about 1.7 – 3.6 × as long as vi and 2.6 – 5.8 × as long as sci; sci – sci 3.4 – 4.2 × as wide as sci – sce. Opisthonotal gland openings gla close to e 2. Opisthosomal tubercles indiscernible. Setae f 2 absent; h 2 1.9 – 3.5 × as long as c p, c p 1.6 – 2.3 × as long as c 1. Venter (Fig. 1 B). Coxal apodemes and coxal plates indiscernible. Genital opening absent; Claparède organ present near coxae II; ventral setae 1 a inserted medial to Claparède organ; 4 a and 4 b absent. Anal opening a simple slit; pseudanal setae absent. Gnathosoma (Fig. 2 A). Chelicerae chelate, fixed digit bearing 4 teeth; movable digit bearing 4 teeth; cheliceral seta cha small, conical; subcapitular setae h filiform. Palpal supracoxal setae elcp absent; dorsal and lateral palptibial setae filiform, dorsal palptarsal setae filiform, terminal palptarsal solenidion ω indistinct, present as rudimentary lines. Legs (Fig. 3). Trochanters I – III nude. Leg I (Fig. 3 A). Trochanter without discernible teeth on anteromedial edge; femoral seta vF extending to middle of genu; genual solenidia σ ”: σ’ = 1.2 – 3.6, seta mG conical, cG filiform and 3.0 – 4.0 × of mG; tibial solenidion φ extending beyond tarsal tip, gT and hT subequal; tarsus about 4.2 – 3.2 × as long as its basal width, ω 1 mostly parallel sided and tapered at its apex, ε minute, ω 2 and ω 3 absent, d extending to tip of tarsal claw, seta wa 0.9 – 1.6 × as long as la or ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae conical, s longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg II (Fig. 3 B). Trochanter without discernible teeth on anteromedial edge; femoral vF not extending to base of tibia; genual solenidion σ extending to middle of tibia, seta mG conical, cG filiform and 1.7 – 6.5 × of mG; tibial solenidion φ extending beyond tarsal claw tip, gT as long as hT; tarsus about 2.7 – 3.8 × as long as its basal width, ω mostly parallel sided and tapered at its apex, seta wa about 0.9 – 1.9 × as long as la and ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae similar to those in tarsus I: s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg III (Fig. 3 C). Femur nude; genual seta nG extending to basal 1 / 5 of tibia, solenidion σ nearly reaching apical rim of genu; tibial solenidion φ extending nearly to tip of tarsal empodium, kT subequal to tarsal seta r but longer than w; tarsus about 3.5 – 4.8 × as long as its basal width; w positioned more proximal than r, d extending nearly to tip of tarsal empodium; e and f absent; ventroterminal seta s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Protonymph (n = 5, Figs 2, 4 & 5, Plates 4 – 7, Table 1). Idiosoma oval, white to pale yellow, with a pair of distinct brownish spots posterolaterally. Dorsum (Fig. 4 A). Prodorsal shield indistinct. Grandjean’s organ finger-shaped and smooth; supracoxal setae scx slender and lightly barbed. Ocelli faint; vi about 1 / 3 as long as distance between vi and sci; alveoli of ve indiscernible; sce about 2.7 – 3.6 × as long as vi and 5.7 – 7.4 × as long as sci; sci – sci 4.7 – 5.2 × as wide as sci – sce. Hysterosoma with fine cuticular striations; striae anterior to level of setae e 1 mainly transverse to slightly oblique, weakly arched laterally, and posteriorly around anal opening and gla. A pair of longitudinal ridge-like structures present on each lateral side of the body, extending from sejugal furrow to gla, situated between setal rows c 1 – d 2 and c 2 – d 2. Opisthonotal gland openings gla located close to e 2. Opisthosomal tubercles indiscernible. Hysterosoma with same number of setae as in larva; h 2 0.7 – 1.3 × as long as c p, c p 0.4 – 0.6 × as long as c 1. Venter (Fig. 4 B). Coxal apodemes thicker than those in larva; coxal plates indiscernible. Genital opening a simple slit, situated medially between coxae IV, epigynal sclerite absent, with a pair of genital papillae; apodemes IV jointed with post-apodemes of coxae III. Ventral setae 1 a inserted posterolateral to prosternal apodeme, 4 a and 4 b absent, g situated anterior to genital papillae. Anal opening far posterior to genital opening, about twice as long as genital opening, surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, ps 1 longest, about 5.5 – 10.8 × as long as ps 3 or ps 2. Gnathosoma (Fig. 2 B). Chelicerae chelate, fixed digit bearing 4 teeth; movable digit bearing 5 teeth; cheliceral setae cha small, conical; subcapitular setae h filiform. Palpal supracoxal setae elcp absent; dorsal and lateral palptibial setae filiform, dorsal palptarsal setae filiform, terminal palptarsal solenidion ω indistinct, present as rudimentary lines. Legs (Fig. 5). Trochanter I – IV nude; setae on femora, genua and tibiae smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Fig. 5 A). Trochanter dorsally bearing 4 – 5 minute discernible teeth on anteromedial edge; femoral seta vF extending to tip of genu; genual solenidia σ ”: σ’ = 2.5 – 3.6, setae cG and mG subequal; tibial solenidion φ extending beyond tarsal tip, gT and hT subequal; tarsus 3.6 – 4.1 × as long as its basal width, ω 1 parallel sided and tapered at its apex, ε slightly shorter than ω 2, ω 3 absent, d extending to tip of tarsal claw, seta wa 1.1 – 1.9 × as long as la or ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae conical; s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg II (Fig. 5 B). Trochanter bearing 2 – 3 minute discernible teeth on anteromedial edge; femoral seta vF extending to base of genu; genual solenidion σ extending to 1 / 2 of tibia, setae cG and mG subequal; tibial solenidion φ extending far beyond tarsal claw tip, gT as long as hT; tarsus 3.2 – 3.8 × as long as its basal width, ω parallel sided and pointed at its apex, seta wa 1.2 – 2.4 × as long as la and ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae similar to those in tarsus I; s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg III (Fig. 5 C). Genual seta nG extending to basal 1 / 5 of tibia, solenidion σ nearly reaching apical rim of genu; tibial solenidion φ extending to tarsal claw tip, kT slightly longer than r and w on tarsus; tarsus 4.4 – 5.1 × as long as its basal width; w positioned more proximal than r, d extending far beyond tarsal claw tip; e and f absent; ventroterminal seta s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg IV (Fig. 5 D). Femur, genu and tibia nude; tarsus 4.5 – 6.0 × as long as its basal width; d extending to tip of tarsal claw; e and f absent; ventroterminal setae similar to those in tarsus III but s absent. Tritonymph (n = 5, Figs 2, 6 & 7, Plates 4, 8, & 9; Table 1). Idiosoma oval, white to pale yellow, with a pair of distinct brownish spots posterolaterally. Dorsum (Fig. 6 A). Prodorsal shield trapezoidal, smooth; posterior margin medially convex. Grandjean’s organ similar to those of protonymph; supracoxal setae scx slender and lightly barbed. Ocelli faint; vi about the same length as prodorsal shield; alveoli of ve perceptible, situated at lateral margins of prodorsal shield; sce 2.2 – 2.8 × as long as vi and 4.0 – 6.6 × as long as sci; sci – sci 4.2 – 5.4 × as wide as sci – sce. Hysterosomal cuticular striation as in protonymphs, but denser. Opisthonotal gland openings gla located close to e 2. Opisthosomal tubercles indiscernible. Hysterosoma with same number of setae as in larvae; h 2 0.5 – 0.8 × as long as c p, c p 1.8 – 3.0 × as long as c 1. Venter (Fig. 6 B). Coxal apodemes similar to those in protonymph but thicker; coxal plates faint. Genital opening a simple slit, situated medially between coxae IV, epigynal sclerite absent, with 2 pairs of genital papillae; apodemes IV directed anteromedially and jointed with post-apodemes of coxae III. Ventral setae 1 a inserted posterolateral to prosternal apodeme, 4 b anterior to genital opening, g situated close to first pair of genital papillae, 4 a lateral to genital opening. Anal opening far posterior to genital opening, about twice as long as genital opening, surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, ps 1 longest, about 6.2 – 12.5 × as long as ps 3 or ps 2. Copulatory opening and spermathecal duct absent. Gnathosoma (Fig. 2 C). Chelicerae robustly chelate; fixed digit bearing 1 subterminal tooth, 3 large medial and 1 small proximal teeth; movable digit bearing one small subterminal, 3 large medial, and 1 small proximal tooth; cheliceral seta cha small, conical; subcapitular setae h filiform. Palpal supracoxal setae elcp absent; dorsal and lateral palptibial setae filiform, dorsal palptarsal setae filiform, terminal palptarsal solenidion ω indistinct, present as rudimentary lines. Legs (Fig. 7). All setae on trochanters, femora, genua and tibiae smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Fig. 7 A). Trochanter dorsally bearing 4 – 5 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; trochanteral seta pR reaching basal 1 / 5 of femur; femoral seta vF extending to tip of genu; genual solenidia σ ”: σ’ = 3.0 – 3.7, seta cG slightly shorter than mG; tibial solenidion φ extending beyond tarsal tip, gT and hT subequal; tarsus 4.1 – 4.8 × as long as its basal width, ω 1 parallel sided and tapered at its apex, ε slightly shorter than ω 2, ω 3 nearly as long as d, seta wa 1.3 – 2.0 × as long as la or ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae conical, s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg II (Fig. 7 B). Trochanter also bearing 4 – 5 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; trochanteral seta pR extending to tip of femur; femoral vF extending to tip of genu; genual solenidion σ nearly extending to 1 / 5 base of tibia, seta cG slightly shorter than mG; tibial solenidion φ extending far beyond tarsal claw tip, gT as long as hT; tarsus 4.3 – 5.0 × as long as its basal width, ω parallel sided and pointed at its apex, seta wa 1.4 – 2.3 × as long as la and ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae similar to those in tarsus I: s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg III (Fig. 7 C). Trochanteral seta sR extending to 1 / 2 of femur; genual seta nG extending to basal 1 / 5 of tibia, solenidion σ not extending to apical rim of genu; tibial solenidion φ extending towards tarsal claw tip, kT equals to or slightly longer than w on tarsus; tarsus 5.0 – 5.2 × as long as its basal width; w positioned more proximal than r, d extending to tip of tarsal empodium; e and f absent; ventroterminal setae s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg IV (Fig. 12 D). Femoral seta wF extending towards 1 / 2 of genu. Tibial solenidion φ extending to base of tarsal claw, kT and w subequal; tarsus 5.8 – 6.5 × as long as its basal width; w positioned more proximal than r, d extending beyond tip of tarsal claw; e and f absent; ventroterminal setae similar to those in tarsus III: s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Adult Female (n = 5, Figs 2, 8 – 10, Plates 4, 10, & 11, Table 1). Idiosoma oval, white to pale yellow, bearing a pair of brownish spots posterolaterally. Dorsum (Fig. 8). Prodorsal trapezoidal, finely punctate posteriorly; posterior margin medially convex. Grandjean’s organ similar to larvae; supracoxal setae scx slender, barbed, tapering from base to tip. Ocelli faint; vi as long as prodorsal shield; alveoli of ve perceptible, situated at lateral margins of prodorsal shield; sce 1.5 – 2.5 × as long as vi and 2.9 – 3.8 × as long as sci; sci – sci 4.3 – 5.3 × as wide as sci – sce. Hysterosomal cuticular striation as in tritonymphs. Opisthonotal gland openings gla located close to e 2. Two pairs of tiny opisthosomal tubercles present on freshly mounted specimen. Hysterosomal setae h 3 absent; c p longest and h 2 second longest, c 3 and d 2 similar, c 1, c 2, d 1, e 1, e 2, and h 1 slightly shorter, f 2 on ventral side of idiosoma and slightly shorter than others; h 2 0.7 – 1.2 × as long as c p, c p 1.1 – 2.3 × as long as c 1. Venter (Fig. 9). Coxal apodemes I joined at midline, forming a prosternal apodeme directed posteromedially; coxal plates I posteriorly extending beyond apex of prosternal apodeme, concave posteromedially; coxal apodemes II directed posteromedially, coxal plates II large, extending far beyond apex of apodeme II, posterior margin concave posteromedially; sejugal apodeme faint, a simple ridge. Genital opening inverted V-shaped, situated medially between coxae III and IV, epigynal sclerite situated immediately anterior to genital opening, umbrellashaped in middle, extending laterally beyond inner tips of apodemes III; apodemes III directed medially; apodemes IV jointed with post-apodemes of coxae III as in tritonymph. Ventral setae 1 a inserted posterolateral to prosternal apodeme, 4 b lateral to genital opening, g posterior to second pair of genital papillae, 4 a posterior to lateral arms of genital opening. Anal opening far posterior to genital opening, slightly shorter than genital opening, surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, ps 1 longest, 5.0 – 12.2 × as long as ps 3 and ps 2. Copulatory opening and spermathecal duct indistinct. Gnathosoma (Fig. 2 D). Chelicerae robustly chelate, fixed digit bearing 1 subterminal, 3 large medial and 1 – 2 small proximal teeth; movable digit bearing 1 small subterminal, 3 large medial, and 1 small proximal tooth; cheliceral seta cha small, conical; subcapitular setae h filiform. Palpal supracoxal setae elcp absent; dorsal and lateral palptibial setae filiform, dorsal palptarsal setae filiform, terminal palptarsal solenidion ω indistinct, present as rudimentary lines. Legs (Fig. 10). Setae formula same as those in tritonymphs. All setae on trochanters, femora, genua and tibiae smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Fig. 10 A). Trochanter dorsally bearing 6 – 8 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; trochanteral seta pR extending to tip of femur; femoral seta vF extending to tip of genu; genual solenidia σ ”: σ’ = 2.3 – 3.7, setae cG shorter than mG; tibial solenidion φ extending beyond tarsal tip, gT and hT subequal; tarsus 3.4 – 4.5 × as long as its basal width, ω 1 parallel sided and tapered at its apex, ε slightly shorter than ω 2, ω 3 longer than d, seta wa 1.3 – 2.2 × as long as la or ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae conical, s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg II (Fig. 10 B). Trochanter also bearing 3 – 5 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; trochanteral seta pR extending to tip of femur; femoral vF nearly extending to tip of genu; genual solenidion σ extending to 2 / 3 of tibia, seta cG as long as or slightly short than mG; tibial solenidion φ extending far beyond tarsal claw tip, gT as long as or slightly short than hT; tarsus 4.0 – 4.2 × as long as its basal width, ω parallel sided and pointed at its apex, seta wa 1.5 – 2.4 × as long as la and ra, e and f very small; ventroterminal setae similar to those in tarsus I: s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg III (Fig. 10 C). Trochanteral seta sR extending to tip of femur; genual seta nG reaching the basal 1 / 5 of tibia, solenidion σ not extending to apical rim of genu; tibial solenidion φ extending beyond tarsal claw tip, kT equals to or slightly longer than w on tarsus; tarsus 4.7 – 5.4 × as long as its basal width; w and r situated at about same level, d extending to tip of tarsal empodium; e and f absent; s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Leg IV (Fig. 10 D). Femoral seta wF reaching middle of genu. Tibial solenidion φ extending to base of tarsal claw, kT distinctly shorter than w; tarsus 5.5 – 6.5 × as long as its basal width; w situated proximal to r, d extending beyond tip of tarsal claw; e and f absent; ventroterminal setae similar to those in tarsus III: s slightly longer than p, q, u, and v. Adult male: none.	en	Zhang, Keshi, Fan, Qing-Hai (2025): Ontogenetic stages of Czenspinskia transversostriata (Oudemans) (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae). Zootaxa 5740 (1): 125-149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5740.1.10
