taxonID	type	description	language	source
0390A353FFDBFFA3ED11FCB7251BF8A9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Syntypes: MNHN-IC-A- 1568 (male, 50.5 mm SL) and MNHN-IC- 2099 (male, 45.2 mm SL); Saint-Maurice River, Reunion Island, western Mascarene; Leschenault coll. Others: NMW 30914 - 17, syntypes (4) of Eleotris tohizonae Steindachner, 1880 (41 – 49 mm SL); Tohizona River, discharging in to Antongil Bay, eastern coast of Madagascar. SAIAB 229, syntypes (2) of Hypseleotris dayi Smith, 1950 (28 – 29 mm SL); estuary of a tributary to St Lucia Lake, Zululand, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. RMNH 4669, holotype of Eleotris leuciscus Bleeker, 1853 (46 mm SL); western Sumatra, Indonesia. RMNH 4752, syntypes (2) of Eleotris taenionotopterus Bleeker, 1856 (34.5 – 41.5 mm SL); Boleling, Bali, Indonesia. USNM 72582, holotype of Agonostomus bryanti Bean & Weed, 1912; Pelaboean Ratoe, Wynkoop’s Bay, Java, Indonesia. MNHN-IC- 2006 - 0605, one female (45.3 mm SL); Comoros Islands, Moheli, Mdjawaché River, 31 Oct. 2005; Keith et al. coll. MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0292, four males, three females (35 – 54 mm SL); Mayotte, Gouloué, 9 Aug. 2019; OCEA coll.; tags 14547, 14548, 14549, 14550, 14552, 14556, 14558. MNHN-IC- 2017 - 0284, one male (36.7 mm SL); Madagascar, Manahara (St 3), Sava, 6 July 2008; Diamsoi coll. MNHN-IC- 1962 - 0179, 6 species, Madagascar, Kiener coll. MNHN-IC- 2011 - 0004, 1 sps; Reunion Island; 2007; ARDA coll. MNHN-IC- 2014 - 2780, 4 sps, Madagascar, Sahana, 7 July 2008; Diamsoi coll.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
0390A353FFDBFFA3ED0AFD6625C1FCE1.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 5; TABLES 4, 5)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
0390A353FFDCFFA4ED52FE062421FE01.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 4, 6; TABLES 4, 5)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
0390A353FFDCFFA9ED03FE57237FF965.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Syntypes: BMNH 1894.6.30.172 - 177, three males and three females (34 – 50 mm SL); Palawan Island, Philippines. Others: SMF 19750, one female (55 mm SL); Sumi Yashi, Okinawa, Japan; 20 Aug. 1978; Abe coll. BLIP 11910134, two males (57 – 62 mm SL); Yufujima, Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 1991; Sakamoto, Yanohara & Kamisato coll. BLIP 19950054, one female (76 mm SL); Amitori, Okinawa, Japan, 1 Nov. 1995; Iwata & Ikeda coll. BLIP 19890078, one male (52 mm SL); Ohtahara, Okinawa, Japan, 21 Aug. 1989; Azawa, Senou, Suzuki, & Uryu coll. BLIP 19990308, one male (51 mm SL); Yufujima, Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 1991; Sakamoto, Yanohara & Kamisato coll. BLIP 19990309, one male (49 mm SL); Yufujima, Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 1991; Sakamoto, Yanohara & Kamisato coll. BLIP 19990310, one female (51 mm SL); Yufujima, Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 1991; Sakamoto, Yanohara & Kamisato coll. BLIP 19990311, one female (49 mm SL); Yufujima, Okinawa, Japan, 27 June 1991; Sakamoto, Yanohara & Kamisato coll. UF 182020, one male (11.5 mm SL); Palau, 22 March 2010; Englund et al. coll. Description: The ray and scale counts are given in Table 4 and selected morphometrics in Table 5. The body is compressed laterally. The body depths in males are greater than in females: at anus the body depth is 24 – 30 % SL for females and 28 – 35 % SL for males, at first dorsal fin 26 – 29 % SL for females and 28 – 35 % SL for males. The caudal peduncle depth is 14 – 17 % SL. This species is one with the highest body depth in the male, whatever the age or size. Pre-dorsal length 40 – 46 % SL and preanal length 59 – 64 % SL. Size: up to 7.5 cm SL. The head is 29 – 33 % SL, rounded dorsally with a broad interorbital, the snout is pointed. The mouth (terminal) and jaw length 8 – 9 % SL are small; jaws oblique with several rows of conical teeth, 8 – 14 on first upper outer raw (the biggest in front are usually curved), 5 – 8 on the first lower outer raw. Posterior end of maxillary ending below posterior nostril before eye. Anterior nostril at the end of a short tube above upper lip; posterior nostril a simple pore in front of eye. Eye diameter 6 – 9 % SL and interorbital length 8 – 10 % SL. Dorsal fins mostly VI – I, 8 with no filamentous rays. The first dorsal fin is with second, third, fourth and fifth rays longer. Anal fin mostly I, 10 directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is with 11 branched rays and its posterior margin is straight or slightly rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Pectoral fins 14 – 15. Lateral scales 26 – 27 with ctenoid scales on flanks and caudal peduncle. Pre-dorsal scales cycloid anteriorly from snout, adjacent to anterior nostril, to D 1. Ctenoid scales on operculum, on base of pectoral fins and on belly extending to anus. Cheek with 2 – 3 rows of cycloid and ctenoid scales. Scales in transverse back series 8 – 9, in transverse forward 9 – 11, in pre-dorsal 15 – 17 and in zigzag 6 – 7, interorbital scales 2 – 3. Vertebrae 25. Gill opening extending to below posterior preopercular margin. Males have a more elongated second dorsal fin (28 – 37 vs. 21 – 28 % SL) and anal fin (35 – 39 vs. 26 – 29 % SL) than females and a higher first dorsal fin. Males with a slightly triangular urogenital papilla with a small angular lateral extension on each side on the distal part. The females have rectangular or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with crenulated outer edges around the distal opening. Cephalic sensory pore system as described by Akihito et al. (1988) with oculoscapular canal nasal to post-temporal with the pores C’, D, E’, K’, L’; preopercular canal long with the pores M’, N, O, P’. Colour in preservation: Male and female usually similar except for fins. Background of body brown on the back and on the flanks; belly clear brown. A faint dark blotch on dorsal half of pectoral fin base and lower half of caudal fin base. Top and middle of head brown, inferior part clear brown. A slight longitudinal black band in male, distinct stripe in female. Males (Fig. 6 C): First dorsal fin generally greyish with a basal white band, and another one at the tip. Second dorsal fin with several (3 – 4) rows of ovoid white spots. Anal and caudal fins hyaline. Females: Fins hyaline. Colour in life: The coloration is somewhat variable but breeding males are often more brightly coloured than females which are usually with lighter fins and often without distinctive spots or stripes. Males (Fig. 6 A): Head and body greenish brown to yellowish, orange or yellowish on the head, greyish to black on isthmus and white ventrally on abdomen. A red-blue spot on operculum, and a dark blotch on the superior part of the pectoral fin base. No dark brown longitudinal band from posterior edge of operculum to caudal fin base and no distinct dark blotch on lower half of caudal fin base. First dorsal fin generally black with a basal white to bluish band or spots, and another one at the anterodorsal edge. Second dorsal fin with several (3 – 4) rows of ovoid white to bluish spots or vertical bands in the middle part, and with a white line at the dorsal edge. Anal fin mostly hyaline or red to orange. Caudal fin yellow at the base, orange, black and whitish to bluish at the tip. Pectoral fin orange at the base, black and whitish to bluish at the tip. Females (Fig. 6 B): Head and body greenish brown to yellowish, greyish on underside of head and whitish ventrally on abdomen. A faint dark brown longitudinal band from posterior edge of operculum to caudal fin base with a distinct dark blotch on lower half of caudal fin base. A golden red and blue spot on operculum. Fins hyaline. Genital papillae orange on both sexes. Ecology: Hypseleotris everetti occurs in coastal streams from estuaries to lower parts of rivers and ponds, usually in bank vegetation. Yanagi (1977) and Dotsu et al. (1998) studied the larval development of this species from Okinawa. The females spawn a few thousand eggs (0.30 ~ 0.36 mm). They noted that larvae have salinity tolerance and that hatching might occur in freshwater but it is not clear whether the larvae need salt water or freshwater for further development. Nevertheless, for Suzuki (1998), newly hatched larvae died if not kept in saltwater. The spawning season is not known but it is expected from around April to November on Iriomote Island (Suzuki, 1998). The species is thought to be diadromous. Tomita et al. (2016) examined the genetic population structure, genetic diversity and gene flow from the Philippines to southern Japan. Their study revealed high gene flow among the two localities, suggesting overall genetic homogeneity and a single shared gene pool, due to high dispersal ability during the oceanic larval stage and likely influence of the Kuroshio Current. According to Tomita et al. (2016) the species has declined around Japan because of environmental destruction, overexploitation, water pollution and the effects of invasive fish species. It is designated as ‘ endangered’ in Japan. Distribution: The species is known from Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Palau and the Philippines (Fig. 4). Comparison: Hypseleotris everetti differs from the other species sequenced in having a significant percentage of divergence in the ND 2 gene from 4.6 % to 19.3 % (Table 3). Moreover, it differs from H. cyprinoides by a combination of characters including more pectoral fin rays (14 – 15 vs. 13 – 14), a greater head length (29 – 33 vs. 26 – 28 % SL), a greater pre-dorsal length (40 – 46 vs. 37 – 41 % SL), a greater body depth at anus in males (28 – 35 vs. 24 – 27 % SL), a greater body depth at first dorsal fin in males (28 – 35 vs. 23 – 27 % SL) and females (26 – 29 vs. 22 – 26 % SL), and a greater caudal peduncle depth (14 – 17 vs. 12 – 14 % SL). It differs from H. alexis by more pectoral fin rays (14 – 15 vs. 13), fewer scales in lateral series (26 – 27 vs. 27 – 28), a greater body depth at anus in males (28 – 35 vs. 19 – 25 % SL) and females (24 – 30 vs. 18 – 21 % SL), a greater body depth at first dorsal fin in males (28 – 35 vs. 20 – 25 % SL) and females (26 – 29 vs. 18 – 21 % SL), and a greater caudal peduncle depth (14 – 17 vs. 11 – 13 % SL). It differs from H. moncktoni by more pectoral fin rays (14 – 15 vs. 13), fewer scales in lateral series (26 – 27 vs. 29) and in pre-dorsal series (15 – 17 vs. 19), and a greater head length (29 – 33 vs. 26 % SL). It differs from H. ebneri in having fewer scales in pre-dorsal series (15 – 17 vs. 18 – 19), a greater body depth at anus in males (28 – 35 vs. 23 – 24 % SL) and females (24 – 30 vs. 20 – 22 % SL), a greater body depth at first dorsal fin in males (28 – 35 vs. 25 % SL) and females (26 – 29 vs. 21 – 22 % SL), and a greater caudal peduncle depth (14 – 17 vs. 11 – 14 % SL). It differs from H. guentheri by more pectoral fin rays (14 – 15 vs. usually 13), fewer scales in lateral series (26 – 27 vs. 28 – 29), a greater head length (29 – 33 vs. 25 – 28 % SL), a greater pre-dorsal length (40 – 46 vs. 38 – 41 % SL), a greater body depth at anus in males (28 – 35 vs. 18 – 21 % SL) and females (24 – 30 vs. 19 – 24 % SL), a greater body depth at first dorsal fin in males (28 – 35 vs. 18 – 21 % SL) and females (26 – 29 vs. 18 – 25 % SL), and a greater caudal peduncle depth (14 – 17 vs. 11 – 14 % SL). It differs from H. compressa in having fewer scales in transverse back series (8 – 9 vs. 9 – 10), and in transverse forward series (9 – 11 vs. 12 – 14), more scales in pre-dorsal series (15 – 17 vs. 14 – 15) and more interorbital scales (2 – 3 vs. 0), and a second dorsal fin mostly I, 8 vs. mostly I, 9.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
0390A353FFD1FFABEEFEF94A2573F9B1.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 4, 7; TABLES 4, 5) Material examined: Holotype: BMNH 2003.8. 7.1, female (61.4 mm SL); not Oualan (Kosrae, Caroline Islands) but Ovalau (Fiji) (see discussion above). Others: MNHN-IC- 2005 - 1896, one male (28 mm SL); Vanuatu, Santo, rivière salée, 16 Jul. 2005; Keith et al. coll. MNHN-IC- 2009 - 0827, Vanuatu, Santo, Trou bleu, 20 Sept. 2006; Keith & Lord coll. MNHN-IC- 2014 - 2795, two of three males (34.0 – 36.7 mm SL); Tube 3, Vanuatu, Malekula, Mapes River 30 Jan. 2010; Keith et al. coll. MNHN-IC- 2007 - 0109; Tube 4, Vanuatu, Santo, Peavot, Peavohori River, 21 Nov. 2006; Keith & Lord coll. MNHN-IC- 1996 - 443, two females (59.0 – 62.7 mm SL); New Caledonia, Paraoua, 21 Sept 1991; Pedcal coll. MNHN-IC- 2009 - 0895, two males, two females (32.5 – 41.6 mm SL); Samoa, Upolu, Palilua River, 24 July 2008; Keith, Gerbeaux et al. coll. MNHN-IC-A- 3708, one female (77 mm SL); New Caledonia, 1881; Bougier coll. Description: The ray and scale counts are given in Table 4 and selected morphometrics in Table 5. The body is compressed laterally. The body depth at anus is 18 – 21 % SL for males and 19 – 24 for females, at first dorsal fin 18 – 22 % SL for males and 1 8 – 2 6 % for females. The caudal peduncle depth is 11 – 14 % SL. No variation in depth with sex or size in the samples studied. Pre-dorsal length 38 – 41 % SL and preanal length 57 – 60 % SL. Size: up to 8 cm SL. The head is 25 – 28 % SL, rounded dorsally with a broad interorbital, the snout is pointed. The mouth (terminal) and jaw length 6 – 7 % SL are small; jaws oblique with several rows of conical teeth, 13 – 17 on first upper outer raw (the biggest in front are usually curved), 6 – 12 on the first lower outer row. Posterior end of maxillary ending below or just before posterior nostril before eye. Anterior nostril at the end of a short tube above upper lip; posterior nostril a simple pore in front of eye. Eye diameter 6 – 8 % SL and interorbital length 6 – 8 % SL. Dorsal fins VI – I, 8, with no filamentous rays. The first dorsal fin is with second, third, fourth and fifth rays longer. Anal fin I, 9 – 10 (usually 10) directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is with 11 branched rays and its posterior margin is straight or slightly rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Pectoral fins 13 – 14 (usually 13). Lateral scales 28 – 29, with ctenoid scales on flanks and caudal peduncle. Pre-dorsal scales cycloid anteriorly from snout, adjacent to anterior nostril, to D 1. Ctenoid scales on operculum, on base of pectoral fins and on belly extending to anus. Cheek with cycloid and ctenoid scales. Scales in transverse back series 9 – 10 (usually 9), in transverse forward 10 – 11, in pre-dorsal 16 – 18 and in zigzag usually 6 – 7, interorbital scales 2 – 3. Vertebrae 25. Gill opening extending to below posterior preopercular margin. Males have a more elongated second dorsal fin (26 – 33 vs. 23 – 27 % SL) and anal fin (30 – 36 vs. 23 – 27 % SL) than females and a higher first dorsal fin. Males with a slightly triangular urogenital papilla with a small angular lateral extension on each side on the distal part. The females have a rectangular or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with crenulated outer edges around distal opening. Cephalic sensory pore system as described by Akihito et al. (1988) with oculoscapular canal nasal to post-temporal with the pores C’, D, E’, K’, L’; preopercular canal long with the pores M’, N, O, P’. Colour in preservation: Male and female usually similar except for fins. Background of body brown on the back, beige on the flanks; belly whitish to greyish. A dark blotch on pectoral fin base and on caudal fin base. Top and middle of head dark brown, inferior part clear whitish to greyish. A broad dark stripe from snout and eye, across upper part of preoperculum and operculum, below midline ending at base of caudal fin. Males: First dorsal fin generally greyish with a basal white band, and another one at the tip. Second dorsal fin with several rows of ovoid white spots. Anal and caudal fins hyaline or finely spotted. Females (Fig. 7 C): Fins hyaline. Colour in life: Breeding males are often more brightly coloured than females which are usually with lighter fins and body. Males (Fig. 7 A): Head and body greenish brown to beige, white on underside of head. Belly whitish. A golden to blackish spot on operculum. A broad dark stripe from lower lip, snout and eye, across upper part of preoperculum and operculum, below midline ending at base of caudal fin. Pectoral fin base with a dark bar dorsally. First dorsal fin variable but usually blackish with a median yellow to whitish stripe, and several orange to yellow spots at the basal part. Second dorsal fin with 5 – 6 rows of orange to yellow spots between rays, tip of fin bluish-white. Anal fin with a basal bluish stripe, rest of fin dark and tip bluish-white. Caudal fin usually hyaline or with small black spots forming bands. Pectoral fins hyaline. Females (Fig. 7 B): Head and body light brown to yellowish. Fins hyaline. A golden to blackish spot on operculum. A broad dark stripe from snout and eye, across upper part of preoperculum and operculum, below midline ending at base of caudal fin. Ecology: Hypseleotris guentheri occurs in coastal streams from estuaries to lower parts of rivers and ponds, usually in bank vegetation where the current is slow (pH 8.0 – 8.4, 290 – 305 µS / cm and 25 – 28 ° C) (Keith et al., 2010, 2013). As a free swimming species it is a predator, feeding on zooplankton and small invertebrates. Often aggregated in small schools, it is territorial. Hypseleotris guentheri is thought to be amphidromous. Distribution: The species is known from Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Samoa and Fiji (Fig. 4). Comparison: Hypseleotris guentheri differs from the other species sequenced in having a significant percentage of divergence in the ND 2 gene from 4 % to 18.5 % (Table 3). Moreover, it differs from H. cyprinoides in having a more prominent stripe on the side of the body and by a combination of characters including more scales in lateral series (usually 28 – 29 vs. usually 26 – 27), in pre-dorsal series (16 – 18 vs. 14 – 16), a smaller body depth at first dorsal fin in males (18 – 22 vs. 23 – 27 % SL) and at anus (18 – 25 vs. 24 – 30 % SL). It differs from H. everetti by fewer pectoral fin rays (13 vs. 14 – 15), more scales in lateral series (28 – 29 vs. 26 – 27), a smaller head length (25 – 28 vs. 29 – 33 % SL), a smaller pre-dorsal length (38 – 41 vs. 40 – 46 % SL), a smaller body depth at anus in males (18 – 21 vs. 28 – 35 % SL) and females (19 – 25 vs. 24 – 30 % SL), a smaller body depth at first dorsal fin in males (18 – 22 vs. 28 – 35 % SL) and females (18 – 26 vs. 26 – 29 % SL), and a smaller caudal peduncle depth (11 – 14 vs. 14 – 17 % SL). It differs from H. ebneri in having fewer scales in pre-dorsal series (16 – 18 vs. 18 – 19), a smaller head length (25 – 28 vs. 29 – 31 % SL), a smaller pre-dorsal length (38 – 41 vs. 42 – 45 % SL), and a smaller body depth at first dorsal fin in males (18 – 22 vs. 25 % SL). It differs from H. alexis in having more scales in lateral series (usually 28 – 29 vs. usually 27 – 28), more scales in transverse forward series (10 – 11 vs. 9 – 10), more scales in transverse back series (9 – 10 vs. 8 – 9), and a smaller head length (25 – 28 vs. 27 – 31 % SL). It differs from H. compressa in having 13 – 14 pectoral fin rays vs. 14 – 15, D 2 I 8 vs. usually I 9, more scales in lateral series (usually 28 – 29 vs. usually 26 – 28), fewer scales in transverse forward series (10 – 11 vs. 12 – 14), more scales in pre-dorsal series (16 – 18 vs. 14 – 15) and in interorbital (2 – 3 vs. 0), a smaller head length (25 – 28 vs. 29 – 33 % SL), a smaller body depth at first dorsal fin in males (18 – 22 vs. 28 – 35 % SL) and females (18 – 26 vs. 24 – 35), and a smaller body depth at anus (18 – 25 vs. 24 – 36 % SL). It differs from H. moncktoni in having more scales in transverse back series (9 – 10 vs. 8), fewer scales in pre-dorsal series (16 – 18 vs. 19), a smaller body depth at first dorsal fin in females (18 – 25 vs. 27 % SL), a smaller body depth at anus in females (19 – 24 vs. 26 % SL), and a smaller caudal peduncle depth (11 – 14 vs. 15 % SL).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
0390A353FFD3FFADED41F919247CFA17.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 4, 8; TABLES 4, 5) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: H o l o t y p e: A M S I B. 4 1 7 1, freshwater lake at Alexishafen, near Madang, Papua New Guinea. Paratypes: AMS IB. 4172 - 76 (5), same data as holotype. Note: Whitley did not separate the holotype from the paratypes and it is not clear which one is the holotype; five males, one female (39 – 45 mm SL) are mixed in AMS IB. 4171 - 76 and not individually labelled. Others: MNHN-IC- 2015 - 0286, one female (36 mm SL); Solomon, Choiseul, Pisuku, 10 Dec. 2014, Keith, Boseto, Ebner et al. coll. MNHN-IC- 2016 - 0202, one juvenile; Solomon, Kolobangara, Nov. 2015, Keith, Lord, Boseto et al. coll. MNHN-IC- 2016 - 0205, two males (41 – 43 mm SL); Solomon, Kolobangara, Vanga, 18 Nov. 2015, Keith, Lord, Boseto et al. coll., tags A, B. MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0294; Solomon, Santa Isabel, Kolopakissa, Station 15, 25 Oct. 2019, Keith, Lord, Boseto, Causse coll., tag. 17519. MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0293, three males and one female (38.7 – 40.0 mm SL); Solomon Santa Isabel Rakata, Station, 27 Oct. 2019, Keith, Lord, Boseto, Causse coll., tags 17898, 17899, 17901. MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0295, two males (30.3 – 46.8 mm SL) and one juvenile; Papua New Guinea, New Britain, Nut Village, Water Lily Hole, 23 Oct. 2018, Keith, Lord, Amick, Causse et al. coll., tags 12539, 12542, 12544. MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0299, two juveniles; Solomon, Santa Isabel Rakata-Station, 27 Oct. 2019, Keith, Lord, Boseto, Causse coll., tags 17897, 17900. Uncatalogued in MNHN: Vanuatu, Malekula, Mapes River, 30 Jan. 2010, Keith et al. coll., one sps, tag Hyp 2. New Caledonia, Carénage / Goro River, 25 Sept. 2020, Charpin N. coll., one sps, tag RTNC _ 051. Description: The ray and scale counts are given in Table 4 and selected morphometrics in Table 5. The body is compressed laterally. Males often with a greater body depth than females: the body depth at anus is 18 – 21 % SL for females, 19 – 25 % SL for males, at first dorsal fin 18 – 21 % SL for females, 20 – 25 % SL for males, and the caudal peduncle depth is 11 – 13 % SL. Pre-dorsal length 39 – 44 % SL and preanal length 55 – 58 % SL. Size: up to 6 cm SL. The head is 27 – 31 % SL, rounded dorsally with a broad interorbital, the snout is pointed. The mouth (terminal) and jaw length 6 – 8 % SL are small; jaws oblique with several rows of conical teeth, 13 – 15 on first upper outer raw (the biggest in front are usually curved), 6 – 10 on the first lower outer row. Posterior end of maxillary ending below or just before posterior nostril before eye. Anterior nostril at the end of a short tube above upper lip; posterior nostril a simple pore in front of eye. Eye diameter 6 – 8 % SL and interorbital length 6 – 8 % SL. Dorsal fins usually VI – I, 8, with no filamentous rays. The first dorsal fin is with second, third, fourth and fifth rays longer. Anal fin I, 9 – 10 directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is with 11 branched rays and its posterior margin is straight or slightly rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Pectoral fins 13. Lateral scales 27 – 28, with ctenoid scales on flanks and caudal peduncle. Pre-dorsal scales usually cycloid anteriorly from snout adjacent to anterior nostril to anterior part of the head (but several specimens mostly with ctenoid scales), and usually with several ctenoid scales on a medium line before anterior part of D 1. Ctenoid scales on operculum, on base of pectoral fins and on belly extending to anus. Cheek with cycloid and ctenoid scales. Scales in transverse back series 8 – 9, in transverse forward 9 – 10, in pre-dorsal usually 16 – 18 and in zigzag usually 6 – 7, interorbital scales 3 – 4. Vertebrae 25. Gill opening extending to below posterior preopercular margin. Males have a more elongated second dorsal fin (25 – 34 vs. 20 – 22 % SL) and anal fin (27 – 33 vs. 22 – 26 % SL) than females and a higher first dorsal fin. Males with a slightly triangular urogenital papilla with a small angular lateral extension on each side on the distal part. The females have rectangular or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with crenulated outer edges around distal opening. Cephalic sensory pore system as described by Akihito et al. (1988) with oculoscapular canal nasal to post-temporal with the pores C’, D, E’, K’, L’; preopercular canal long with the pores M’, N, O, P’. Colour in preservation: Male and female usually similar except for fins. Background of body brown or beige on the back and the flanks; belly brown or beige. A greyish blotch on inferior part of caudal fin base. Top and middle of head brown, inferior part beige. Sometimes a thin dark stripe from snout and eye, across upper part of preoperculum and operculum, below midline ending at base of caudal fin. Males: First dorsal fin blackish to greyish with a superior white band, and white dots at the base. Second dorsal and anal fins with 2 – 4 rows of ovoid white spots or bands. Caudal fin greyish with 5 – 6 vertical rows of ovoid white spots. Females: Fins greyish to beige. Colour in life: Breeding males are often more brightly coloured than females which are usually with lighter fins and body. Males (Fig. 8 A): Head and body yellowish brown to beige, white to grey on underside of head. Belly whitish to greyish. Two golden to silver spots on operculum with a pink to red background. A dark stripe from lower lip, snout and eye, across upper part of preoperculum and operculum, below midline ending at base of caudal fin. Pectoral fin base with a thin vertical dark bar. Caudal fin base with a small dot below midline. First dorsal fin blackish with a superior white band and white dots or a white band at the base. Second dorsal fin with 2 – 4 rows of ovoid white spots or a white band. Anal fin hyaline with 2 – 4 rows of ovoid white spots or hyaline. Tip of fins white. Caudal fin greyish with 5 – 6 vertical rows of ovoid white spots. Females (Fig. 8 B): Yellowish brown to beige. Fins hyaline. Head and body yellowish brown to beige, white to grey on underside of head. Belly whitish to greyish. Two golden to silver spots on operculum with a pink to red background. A dark stripe from lower lip, snout and eye, across upper part of preoperculum and operculum, below midline ending at base of caudal fin. Pectoral fin base with a thin vertical dark bar. Caudal fin base with a small dot below midline. Ecology: Hypseleotris alexis was found in coastal rivers (pH 8.0 – 8.2, 130 – 160 µS / cm, 26.0 – 27.3 ° C), small ponds and marshes with macrophytes (Keith et al., 2021). As a free swimming species it is a predator, feeding on small invertebrates. Distribution: The species is known from New Britain (Papua New Guinea) and the Solomon Islands where it is common. It is rare in Vanuatu (Malekula) and New Caledonia (Fig. 4). Comparison: Hypseleotris alexis differs from the other species sequenced in having a significant percentage of divergence in the ND 2 gene from 4 % to 19 % (Table 3). Moreover, it differs from H. cyprinoides by a combination of characters including more scales in pre-dorsal series (16 – 18 vs. 14 – 16), a greater head length (28 – 31 vs. 26 – 28 % SL), and a smaller body depth at anus (18 – 25 vs. 24 – 30 % SL). It differs from H. everetti by fewer pectoral fin rays (13 vs. 14 – 15), more scales in lateral series (27 – 28 vs. 26 – 27), a smaller body depth at anus in males (19 – 25 vs. 28 – 35 % SL) and females (18 – 21 vs. 24 – 30 % SL), a smaller body depth at first dorsal fin in males (20 – 25 vs. 28 – 35 % SL) and females (18 – 21 vs. 26 – 29 % SL), and a smaller caudal peduncle depth (11 – 13 vs. 14 – 17 % SL). It differs from H. guentheri in having fewer scales in lateral series (usually 27 – 28 vs. usually 28 – 29), fewer scales in transverse back series (8 – 9 vs. 9 – 10), fewer scales in transverse forward series (9 – 10 vs. 10 – 11), and a greater head length (27 – 31 vs. 25 – 28 % SL). It differs from H. ebneri in having fewer scales in pre-dorsal series (usually 16 – 18 vs. 18 – 19), fewer scales in transverse back series (8 – 9 vs. 9 – 10), and fewer scales in transverse forward series (9 – 10 vs. 10 – 12). It differs from H. compressa in having fewer pectoral rays (13 vs. 14 – 15), fewer scales in transverse forward series (9 – 10 vs. 12 – 14), more scales in pre-dorsal series (16 – 18 vs. 14 – 15) and in interorbital (3 – 4 vs. 0), a smaller body depth at first dorsal fin (18 – 25 vs. 24 – 35 % SL), and a smaller body depth at anus in males (19 – 25 vs. 27 – 34 % SL) and females (18 – 21 vs. 24 – 36 % SL). It differs from H. moncktoni in having fewer scales in lateral series (26 – 28 vs. 29), fewer scales in transverse forward series (9 – 10 vs. 11), fewer scales in pre-dorsal series (usually 16 – 18 vs. 19), and a smaller body depth at anus in females (18 – 24 vs. 26 % SL).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
0390A353FFD5FFACED51FA782519FE90.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 4, 9; TABLES 4, 5) Material examined: Holotype (unique): BMNH 1905.8. 15.1, female (59 mm SL); Agajambo, Papua New Guinea, Monckton coll. Description: Based on the holotype only. The ray and scale counts are given in Table 4 and selected morphometrics in Table 5. The body is compressed laterally. The body depth at anus is 26 % SL, at first dorsal fin 27 % SL, and the caudal peduncle depth is 15 % SL. Pre-dorsal length 41 % SL and preanal length 61 % SL. Size: up to 5.9 cm SL. The head is 26 % SL, rounded dorsally with a broad interorbital, the snout is pointed. The mouth (terminal) and jaw length 8 % SL are small; jaws oblique with several rows of conical teeth. Posterior end of maxillary ending below or just before posterior nostril before eye. Anterior nostril at the end of a short tube above upper lip; posterior nostril a simple pore in front of eye. Eye diameter 6 % SL and interorbital length 8 % SL. Dorsal fins VI – I, 8, with no filamentous rays. The first dorsal fin is with second, third, fourth and fifth rays longer. Anal fin I, 10 directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is with 11 branched rays and its posterior margin is straight or slightly rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Pectoral fins 13. Lateral scales 29, with ctenoid scales on flanks and caudal peduncle. Pre-dorsal scales ctenoid, becoming cycloid anteriorly reaching to snout adjacent to anterior nostril. Ctenoid scales on operculum, on base of pectoral fins and on belly extending to anus. Cheek with cycloid and ctenoid scales. Scales in transverse back series 8, in transverse forward 11, in pre-dorsal 19 and in zigzag usually 6, interorbital scales 4. Gill opening extending to below posterior preopercular margin. Female has a rectangular or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with crenulated outer edges around distal opening. Cephalic sensory pore system as described by Akihito et al. (1988) with oculoscapular canal nasal to post-temporal with the pores C’, D, E’, K’, L’; preopercular canal long with the pores M’, N, O, P’. Colour in preservation: Background of body beige to brown on the back and flanks. A thin dark blotch on dorsal half of pectoral fin base. Snout dark. Large lateral black band that extends from the operculum on the caudal peduncle slightly visible or absent. Belly yellowish (Fig. 9). In his description Regan (1908) wrote ‘ each scale of the body yellowish with a broad dark brown margin … vertical fins blackish, the caudal with some light spots’.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
0390A353FFD7FFAEEF3EFC852312FD23.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 4, 10; TABLES 4, 5) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: E 0 2 5 A D 4 3 - 0 6 9 1 - 4 1 8 D - A A 6 F - B 6 AEB 9 E 5 DF 1 C Material examined: Five specimens from New Britain (PNG): two males, two females and one juvenile; size range 20 – 48 mm SL; largest male 48 mm SL, largest female 39 mm SL. Holotype: MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0296, male (46.5 mm SL); Papua New Guinea, New Britain, Nut Village, Water Lily Hole, 23 Oct. 2018, Keith, Amick, Lord & Causse coll.; tag 2756. Paratypes: MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0297, one male (48 mm SL, tag 2757), one female (39 mm SL, tag 12540); same data as holotype. MNHN-IC- 2021 - 0298, one juvenile (20 mm SL, tag 2755), one female (28.4 mm SL, tag 12581); same data as holotype. Diagnosis: The new species has 13 pectoral fin rays, 18 – 19 scales in pre-dorsal series, the anal fin is usually I, 9, and the head is 29 – 31 % SL. Description: The ray and scale counts are given in Table 4 and selected morphometrics in Table 5. Below, the holotype counts are given first, followed in brackets, if different, by the paratype counts. The body is compressed laterally. Males often with a greater body depth than females: the body depth at anus is 20 – 22 % SL for females and 23 (24) % SL for males, at first dorsal fin 21 – 22 % SL for females and 25 % SL for males, and the caudal peduncle depth is 13 (11 – 14) % SL. Pre-dorsal length 45 (42 – 45) % SL and preanal length 61 (55 – 60) % SL. Size: up to 5 cm SL. The head is 31 (29 – 30) % SL, rounded dorsally with a broad interorbital, the snout is pointed. The mouth (terminal) and jaw length 8 (7 – 8) % SL are small; jaws oblique with several rows of conical teeth, 14 – 18 on first upper outer row (the biggest in front are usually curved), 6 – 8 on the first lower outer row. Posterior end of maxillary ending below or just before posterior nostril before eye. Anterior nostril at the end of a short tube above upper lip; posterior nostril a simple pore in front of eye. Eye diameter 8 (6 – 8) % SL and interorbital length 7 (6 – 8) % SL. Dorsal fins VI – I, 8 (8 – 9), with no filamentous rays. The first dorsal fin is with second, third, fourth and fifth rays longer. Anal fin usually I, 9 (9 – 10) directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is with 11 branched rays and its posterior margin is straight or slightly rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Pectoral fins 13. Lateral scales 27 (27 – 29), with ctenoid scales on flanks and caudal peduncle. Pre-dorsal scales cycloid anteriorly from snout adjacent to anterior nostril to anterior part of the head, and with several ctenoid scales on a medium line before anterior part of D 1. Ctenoid scales on operculum, on base of pectoral fins and on belly extending to anus. Cheek with cycloid and ctenoid scales. Scales in transverse back series 9 (9 – 10), in transverse forward 11 (10 – 12), in pre-dorsal 19 (18 – 19) and in zigzag usually 6 (6 – 7), interorbital scales 3 (3 – 5). Vertebrae 25. Gill opening extending to below posterior preopercular margin. Males have a more elongated second dorsal fin (30 – 36 vs. 25 – 27 % SL) and anal fin (31 – 35 vs. 25 – 28 % SL) than females and a higher first dorsal fin. Males with a slightly triangular urogenital papilla with a small angular lateral extension on each side on the distal part. The females have a rectangular or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with crenulated outer edges around distal opening. Cephalic sensory pore system as described by Akihito et al. (1988) with oculoscapular canal nasal to post-temporal with the pores C’, D, E’ (sometimes missing), K’, L’; preopercular canal long with the pores M’, N, O, P’ (sometimes missing). Colour in preservation (Fig. 10): Male and female usually nearly similar except for fins. Background of body dark brown on the back and the flanks; belly brown or beige. A greyish blotch on middle part of caudal fin base. Head dark brown. A well-marked dark brown stripe from preoperculum and operculum, below midline ending at the base of caudal fin. Males: First dorsal fin blackish to greyish with a distal thin white band, and white dots at the base. Second dorsal fin with 2 – 3 rows of ovoid white spots. Anal fin greyish. Caudal fin greyish with 6 – 7 vertical rows of ovoid white spots. Females: Fins greyish.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198: 1035-1069
