taxonID	type	description	language	source
039587EBB4731F44FC94FC0FFB6AFF1C.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R. (2019): New records of two species of freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae) from Kerala, India, with notes on their distribution. Nauplius (e 2019006) 27: 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2019006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2019006
039587EBB4731F44FC94FC0FFB6AFF1C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA. Kerala: Wayanad district — 4 males (cw 29.18 – 33.92 mm, cl 20.76 – 22.20 mm, ch 14.35 – 15.81 mm, fw 8.91 – 9.15 mm) and 1 female (cw 32.50 mm, cl 22.28 mm, ch 17.21 mm, fw 9.67 mm), Ondayangadi, near Mananthavady (11.823 ° N, 76.026 ° E; altitude 767 m), 17 September 2018, coll. Ammini (ZSI-WRC C. 1830). Comparative material. INDIA. Karnataka: Bangalore Rural district — 7 males and 3 females, Vijayapura Tank, Vijayapura (13.295 ° N, 77.801 ° E; altitude 885 m), 19 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 451). Chamarajanagar district — 3 males and 2 females, Pdoddane Katte and Karigondu Katte, Bandipur Tiger Reserve (11.769 ° N, 76.448 ° E; altitude 839 m), 21 September 1989, coll. G. M. Yazdani (ZSI-WRC C. 606). Chikballapura district — 8 males and 2 females, Kanepalli Tank, Chintamani (13.381 ° N, 78.037 ° E; altitude 882 m), 13 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 457); 6 males and 1 female, Gavana Tank, Siddalghata (13.392 ° N, 77.865 ° E; altitude 890 m), 15 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 566); 7 males, Appayya Kunta, Chikballapura (13.426 ° N, 77.730 ° E; altitude 905 m), 17 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 449); 12 males and 9 females, Manchanpani Tank, Chikballapura (13.464 ° N, 77.747 ° E; altitude 904 m), 18 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 565). Kolar district — 11 males and 5 females, Malekar Tank, Katerpalem (13.136 ° N, 78.133 ° E; altitude 837 m), 3 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 445); 6 males and 12 females, Malekar Tank, Katerpalem (13.136 ° N, 78.133 ° E; altitude 837 m), 4 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 567); 3 males and 1 female, Malur Tank, Malur (13.007 ° N, 77.927 ° E; altitude 898 m), 5 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 450); 9 males, Abdul Ali Garden, Bangarpet (12.993 ° N, 78.179 ° E; altitude 824 m), 6 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 564); 28 males and 7 females, Mashid Basalguntha Tank, Mulbagal (13.162 ° N, 78.390 ° E; altitude 839 m), 8 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 444); 9 males and 2 females, Dodda Hassala Lake, Dodda Hassala (13.099 ° N, 78.166 ° E; altitude 812 m), 10 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 563). Uttara Kannada district – 6 males and 15 females, Hosur, Siddapur (14.295 ° N, 74.853 ° E; altitude 583 m), 18 September 1991, coll. R. M. Sharma et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 456). Maharashtra: Kolhapur district — 1 male, Nadi Kinara, Vannur (16.546 ° N, 74.243 ° E; altitude 527 m), 13 September 2012, coll. S. S. Kamble (ZSI-WRC C. 1084). Nanded district — 2 males and 2 females, Kabarali (19.153 ° N, 77.306 ° E; altitude 355 m), 16 August 1971, coll. K. R. Rao (ZSI-WRC C. 1002). Sangli district — 2 males, Mhaisal, approximately 15 km from Miraj (16.752 ° N, 74.704 ° E; altitude 537 m), 27 September 1984, coll. A. S. Mahabal et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 916). Solapur district — 3 males, Sind River, near Sindkhed (17.501 ° N, 75.930 ° E; altitude 407 m), 22 November 1978, coll. A. S. Mahabal (ZSI-WRC C. 803); 1 male, Nagamma Tank, on Vizapur road (17.460 ° N, 75.851 ° E; altitude 441 m), 24 November 1978, coll. A. S. Mahabal (ZSI-WRC C. 810); 2 males and 4 females, Pimpaldara Nalla, near Padasali-Madha (18.030 ° N, 75.508 ° E; altitude 488 m), 24 August 1983, coll. A. S. Mahabal (ZSI-WRC C. 809); 1 male and 1 female, Banegaon, near Nannaj, Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary (17.777 ° N, 75.882 ° E; altitude 483 m), 4 October 2011, coll. P. S. Bhatnagar et al. (ZSI-WRC C. 521). Diagnosis. Carapace broader than long (cw / cl = 1.4 – 1.5), moderately deep (ch / cw = 0.5); dorsal surface distinctly convex fore and aft; frontal median triangle complete, not as broad as frontal margin; epigastric and postorbital cristae well developed; external orbital angle triangular, with short outer margin, approximately 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth moderate in size, sharp; branchial regions moderately inflated; epistomal median lobe with distinct, sharp median tooth (Fig. 1 A, B). Suture between male thoracic sternites s 2 / s 3 indistinct; suture between male thoracic sternites s 3 / s 4 visible as groove medially, not reaching edge of sternum (Fig. 1 C). Male pleon narrowly triangular, with strongly concave lateral margins; pleonal somite 6 trapezoidal, slightly broader than long, as long as telson, with strongly concave lateral margins (Fig. 1 C). G 1 highly stout, with downwardly curved, hook-like terminal segment; terminal segment subcylindrical, short, approximately 0.3 – 0.4 times length of subterminal segment, tip subacute; subterminal segment highly stout (Fig. 1 D). G 2 longer than G 1, approximately 1.1 – 1.2 times length of G 1; distal segment short, approximately 0.2 – 0.3 times length of basal segment (Fig. 1 E). Remarks. Bahir and Yeo (2005) noted that the G 1 terminal segment of O. wagrakarowensis is about 0.3 times the length of the subterminal segment. The male lectotype of O. wagrakarowensis from Andhra Pradesh, however, has a slightly longer G 1 terminal segment (approximately 0.4 × length of the subterminal segment) (see Bahir and Yeo, 2005: fig. 12 C). The present specimens from Wayanad districts of Kerala also have a long G 1 terminal segment, approximately 0.4 times the length of the subterminal segment (Fig. 1 D). While our specimens resemble the lectotype in most of the carapace features, they only differ in the relative length between G 2 and G 1, i. e., the G 2 length is about 1.2 times the length of the G 1 (Fig. 1 D, E) (vs. the G 2 length is about 1.1 times the length of the G 1; see Bahir and Yeo, 2005: fig. 12 C, E). Other comparative material from Karnataka and Maharashtra also showed the following small variations: the G 1 terminal segment is about 0.3 – 0.4 times the length of the subterminal segment; the G 2 length is about 1.1 – 1.2 times the length of the G 1; and the G 2 distal segment is about 0.2 – 0.3 times the length of the basal segment. These small variations may be due to the differences in size (cw 17.30 – 37.92 mm) and age of the crabs. Geographical distribution. Oziotelphusa wagrakarowensis is currently known from Andhra Pradesh (Anantapur district), Karnataka (Bangalore Rural, Bangalore Urban, Chamarajanagar, Chikballapura, Hassan, Kolar, Mysore, and Uttara Kannada districts), Kerala (Wayanad district), and Maharashtra (Kolhapur, Nanded, Sangli, and Solapur districts) of the Indian peninsula (Fig. 1 F). The precise geographic range of O. wagrakarowensis is difficult to understand based on the known locality records. The species, however, seems to be restricted only to the highlands of the Deccan plateau and the Central Western Ghats. The wider distribution of O. wagrakarowensis in the highlands of the Indian peninsula — unlike the congeners with a relatively restricted distribution in lowland areas — could be associated with the geological history of the Deccan plateau and the formation of the Western Ghats. In fact, the Western Ghats are not true mountains but are faulted edge of the upraised Deccan plateau (Kuriakose and Sebastian, 2016). It is possible that O. wagrakarowensis was actually present in the Deccan plateau and later able to occupy some parts of the Western Ghats. Furthermore, the anthropogenic introduction of the species to newer localities cannot be overlooked since these crabs are generally associated with rice crops. If this is true, then these crabs might have been introduced to further south of Kerala as well. In these situations, more surveys need to be conducted in the remaining part of Kerala.	en	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R. (2019): New records of two species of freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae) from Kerala, India, with notes on their distribution. Nauplius (e 2019006) 27: 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2019006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2019006
039587EBB4761F46FC13FEDCFB22FDCB.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R. (2019): New records of two species of freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae) from Kerala, India, with notes on their distribution. Nauplius (e 2019006) 27: 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2019006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2019006
039587EBB4761F46FC13FEDCFB22FDCB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA. Kerala: Wayanad district — 1 male (cw 15.56 mm, cl 11.35 mm, ch 6.56 mm, fw 4.94 mm) and 3 females (cw 14.30 – 16.78 mm, cl 10.43 – 12.11 mm, ch 5.87 – 7.11 mm, fw 4.72 – 5.29 mm), Kambamala (11.869 ° N, 75.942 ° E; altitude 816 m), 26 October 2018, coll. P. S. Sujila (ZSI-WRC C. 1825); 4 males (cw 13.38 – 18.34 mm, cl 9.80 – 12.60 mm, ch 5.83 – 8.37 mm, fw 4.24 – 5.46 mm) and 9 females (cw 14.62 – 19.08 mm, cl 10.55 – 13.29 mm, ch 6.41 – 8.10 mm, fw 4.62 – 5.95 mm), Pilakavu (11.867 ° N, 75.985 ° E; altitude 859 m), 9 October 2018, coll. P. S. Sujila (ZSI-WRC C. 1826). Comparative material. INDIA. Karnataka: Kodagu district — 1 male (cw 24.42 mm, cl 17.24 mm, ch 9.28 mm, fw 7.99 mm), Ezhilaturn, Thalacauveri Wildlife Sanctuary (12.384 ° N, 75.494 ° E; altitude 1185 m), 6 November 2013, coll. P. M. Sureshan (ZSI-WGRC IR / INV / 9197). Diagnosis. Carapace broader than long (cw / cl = 1.4 – 1.5), low (ch / cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae distinct, slightly anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae rugose, not reaching epibranchial tooth; external orbital angle broadly triangular, with long outer margin, approximately 4 – 5 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth low, blunt; epistomal median lobe lacking median tooth (Fig. 2 A, B). Ambulatory legs short, stout (Fig. 2 A, C). Suture between male thoracic sternites s 2 / s 3 visible as narrow groove, reaching lateral margins; suture between male thoracic sternites s 3 / s 4 only visible as 2 short lateral grooves (Fig. 2 C). Male pleon moderately broad, almost triangular; pleonal somite 6 trapezoidal, broader than long, slightly shorter than telson (Fig. 2 C). Male telson narrow, longer than broad at base, with slightly concave lateral margins (Fig. 2 C). Male sternopleonal cavity short, extending up to imaginary line joining submedian part of cheliped coxae (Fig. 2 C). G 1 moderately stout, almost straight, with inner margin characteristically curved or angled just below juncture between terminal and subterminal segments; terminal segment almost conical, short, approximately 0.3 times length of subterminal segment, distal third distinctly narrower than basal two-thirds; subterminal segment moderately stout (Fig. 2 D). G 2 longer than G 1, approximately 1.2 – 1.4 times length of G 1; distal segment long, approximately 0.4 – 0.5 times length of basal segment (Fig. 2 E). Remarks. The present specimens of V. nilgiriensis from Wayanad district of Kerala are very similar to the male lectotype in carapace morphology. These specimens are relatively smaller (cw 15.56 – 18.34 mm) than the lectotype (cw 24.70 mm) and the paralectotype (cw 21.00 mm) from Nilgiris of Tamil Nadu. The G 2 distal segment in the present specimens, however, is relatively shorter, i. e., approximately 0.4 times the length of the basal segment (vs. relatively long, approximately 0.5 times the length of the basal segment in the lectotype; see Bahir and Yeo, 2007: fig. 35 G). In addition, all the present specimens have a relatively shorter G 2, approximately 1.2 times the length of the G 1 (Fig. 2 D, E) (vs. a relatively long G 2 in lectotype, approximately 1.4 times the length of G 1; see Bahir and Yeo, 2007: fig. 35 C, G). An adult male from Kodagu district of Karnataka (ZSI-WGRC IR / INV / 9197) also has a shorter G 2 distal segment (approximately 0.4 times the length of the basal segment) like that of the present specimens from Kerala. The lone specimen from Karnataka, however, differs from the present specimens in the length of the G 2, which is about 1.3 times the length of the G 1. Despite these variations in the G 2 of V. nilgiriensis, all the present specimens from Kerala and the material from Karnataka are conspecific with the lectotype from Tamil Nadu due to the similarity in overall carapace physiognomy and G 1 structure. Although information on variations in G 2 structure is unavailable for V. nilgiriensis and its congeners, some species (e. g., Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969) of the morphologically related genus, Travancoriana Bott, 1969, depict intraspecific variations in the length of the G 2 distal segment (Bahir and Yeo, 2007). Geographical distribution. Vanni nilgiriensis is currently known from the Western Ghats of Karnataka (Kodagu district), Kerala (Wayanad district), and Tamil Nadu (Nilgiris district) (Fig. 2 F). Both the Coorg plateau (the Western Ghats part of Kodagu district) and Wayanad plateau are connected with each other and the Nilgiri mountains, which all together form a continuous mountain chain with similar zoogeography (Bhimachar, 1945). Vanni nilgiriensis is probably restricted to these mountain ranges.	en	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R. (2019): New records of two species of freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae) from Kerala, India, with notes on their distribution. Nauplius (e 2019006) 27: 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2019006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2019006
