identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039587EBB4731F44FC94FC0FFB6AFF1C.text	039587EBB4731F44FC94FC0FFB6AFF1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oziotelphusa wagrakarowensis (Rathbun 1904)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Oziotelphusa wagrakarowensis (Rathbun, 1904)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1)</p>
            <p> Potamon (Potamon) wagrakarowensis Rathbun, 1904: 292 . </p>
            <p> Paratelphusa (Oziotelphusa) hydrodromus — Alcock, 1910: 97 (part; not  Cancer hydrodromus Herbst, 1794 ). </p>
            <p> Oziotelphusa senex senex — Bott, 1970a: 100 (part; not  Cancer senex Fabricius, 1798 ). </p>
            <p> Oziotelphusa wagrakarowensis — Bahir and Yeo, 2005: 87. – Ng et al., 2008 (list): 70. — Pati and Sharma, 2012a: 126 (list). — Pati and Sharma, 2012b: 365 (list). — Pati and Sharma, 2014: 35. </p>
            <p> Oziotelphusa senex senex — Srivastava, 2007: 35 (not  Cancer senex Fabricius, 1798 ). — Srivastava, 2013: 77 (not  Cancer senex Fabricius, 1798 ). </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined.   INDIA. Kerala: Wayanad district — 4 males (cw 29.18–33.92 mm, cl 20.76–22.20 mm, ch 14.35–15.81 mm, fw 8.91–9.15 mm) and 1 female (cw 32.50 mm, cl 22.28 mm, ch 17.21 mm, fw 9.67 mm), Ondayangadi, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.026/lat 11.823)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.026&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.823">Mananthavady</a>
                 (11.823°N, 76.026°E; altitude 767 m), 17 September 2018, coll. Ammini (ZSI-WRC C.1830)  . 
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                 Comparative material.   INDIA. Karnataka:  Bangalore Rural district —   7 males and 3 females, Vijayapura Tank, Vijayapura (13.295°N, 77.801°E; altitude 885 m), 19 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.451).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.801/lat 13.295)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.295">Chamarajanagar district</a>
                 —   3 males and 2 females, Pdoddane Katte and Karigondu Katte,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.448/lat 11.769)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.769">Bandipur Tiger Reserve</a>
                 (11.769°N, 76.448°E; altitude 839 m), 21 September 1989, coll. G.M. Yazdani (ZSI-WRC C.606).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.448/lat 11.769)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.769">Chikballapura district</a>
                 —   8 males and 2 females, Kanepalli Tank,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.037/lat 13.381)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.381">Chintamani</a>
                 (13.381°N, 78.037°E; altitude 882 m), 13 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.457)  ;   6 males and 1 female, Gavana Tank,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.865/lat 13.392)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.865&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.392">Siddalghata</a>
                 (13.392°N, 77.865°E; altitude 890 m), 15 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.566)  ;   7 males, Appayya Kunta,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.73/lat 13.426)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.426">Chikballapura</a>
                 (13.426°N, 77.730°E; altitude 905 m), 17 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.449)  ;   12 males and 9 females, Manchanpani Tank, Chikballapura (13.464°N, 77.747°E; altitude 904 m), 18 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.565).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.747/lat 13.464)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.464">Kolar district</a>
                 —   11 males and 5 females, Malekar Tank,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.133/lat 13.136)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.136">Katerpalem</a>
                 (13.136°N, 78.133°E; altitude 837 m), 3 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.445)  ;   6 males and 12 females, Malekar Tank,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.133/lat 13.136)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.136">Katerpalem</a>
                 (13.136°N, 78.133°E; altitude 837 m), 4 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.567)  ;   3 males and 1 female, Malur Tank,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.927/lat 13.007)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.927&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.007">Malur</a>
                 (13.007°N, 77.927°E; altitude 898 m), 5 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.450)  ;   9 males, Abdul Ali Garden,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.179/lat 12.993)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.179&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.993">Bangarpet</a>
                 (12.993°N, 78.179°E; altitude 824 m), 6 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.564)  ;   28 males and 7 females, Mashid Basalguntha Tank,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.39/lat 13.162)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.39&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.162">Mulbagal</a>
                 (13.162°N, 78.390°E; altitude 839 m), 8 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.444)  ;   9 males and 2 females, Dodda Hassala Lake, Dodda Hassala (13.099°N, 78.166°E; altitude 812 m), 10 March 1978, coll. M. Babu Rao et al. (ZSI-WRC C.563).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.166/lat 13.099)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.099">Uttara Kannada district</a>
                 –   6 males and 15 females, Hosur,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.853/lat 14.295)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.295">Siddapur</a>
                 (14.295°N, 74.853°E; altitude 583 m), 18 September 1991, coll  . R.M. Sharma et al. (ZSI-WRC C.456). 
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                  Maharashtra: Kolhapur district — 1 male, Nadi Kinara,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.882/lat 17.777)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.777">Vannur</a>
                 (16.546°N, 74.243°E; altitude 527 m), 13 September 2012, coll. S.S. Kamble (ZSI-WRC C.1084).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.882/lat 17.777)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.777">Nanded district</a>
                 — 2 males and 2 females, Kabarali (19.153°N, 77.306°E; altitude 355 m), 16 August 1971, coll. K. R. Rao (ZSI-WRC C.1002).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.882/lat 17.777)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.777">Sangli district</a>
                 — 2 males, Mhaisal, approximately 15 km from Miraj (16.752°N, 74.704°E; altitude 537 m), 27 September 1984, coll. A.S. Mahabal et al. (ZSI-WRC C.916).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.882/lat 17.777)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.777">Solapur district</a>
                 — 3 males,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.882/lat 17.777)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.777">Sind River</a>
                 , near Sindkhed (17.501°N, 75.930°E; altitude 407 m), 22 November 1978, coll. A.S. Mahabal (ZSI-WRC C.803); 1 male, Nagamma Tank, on Vizapur road (17.460°N, 75.851°E; altitude 441 m), 24 November 1978, coll. A.S. Mahabal (ZSI-WRC C.810); 2 males and 4 females, Pimpaldara Nalla, near Padasali-Madha (18.030°N, 75.508°E; altitude 488 m), 24 August 1983, coll. A.S. Mahabal (ZSI-WRC C.809); 1 male and 1 female, Banegaon, near Nannaj, Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary (17.777°N, 75.882°E; altitude 483 m), 4 October 2011, coll. P.S. Bhatnagar et al. (ZSI-WRC C.521)  . 
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            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace broader than long (cw/cl = 1.4–1.5), moderately deep (ch/cw = 0.5); dorsal surface distinctly convex fore and aft; frontal median triangle complete, not as broad as frontal margin; epigastric and postorbital cristae well developed; external orbital angle triangular, with short outer margin, approximately 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth moderate in size, sharp; branchial regions moderately inflated; epistomal median lobe with distinct, sharp median tooth (Fig. 1A, B). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct; suture between male thoracic sternites s3/s4 visible as groove medially, not reaching edge of sternum (Fig. 1C). Male pleon narrowly triangular, with strongly concave lateral margins; pleonal somite 6 trapezoidal, slightly broader than long, as long as telson, with strongly concave lateral margins (Fig. 1C). G1 highly stout, with downwardly curved, hook-like terminal segment; terminal segment subcylindrical, short, approximately 0.3–0.4 times length of subterminal segment, tip subacute; subterminal segment highly stout (Fig. 1D). G2 longer than G1, approximately 1.1–1.2 times length of G1; distal segment short, approximately 0.2–0.3 times length of basal segment (Fig. 1E).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Bahir and Yeo (2005) noted that the G1 terminal segment of  O. wagrakarowensis is about 0.3 times the length of the subterminal segment. The male lectotype of  O. wagrakarowensis from Andhra Pradesh, however, has a slightly longer G1 terminal segment (approximately 0.4 × length of the subterminal segment) (see Bahir and Yeo, 2005: fig. 12C). The present specimens from Wayanad districts of Kerala also have a long G1 terminal segment, approximately 0.4 times the length of the subterminal segment (Fig. 1D). While our specimens resemble the lectotype in most of the carapace features, they only differ in the relative length between G2 and G1, i.e., the G2 length is about 1.2times the length of the G1 (Fig.1D, E) (vs. the G2 length is about 1.1 times the length of the G1; see Bahir and Yeo, 2005: fig. 12C, E). Other comparative material from Karnataka and Maharashtra also showed the following small variations:the G1 terminal segment is about 0.3–0.4 times the length of the subterminal segment; the G2 length is about 1.1–1.2 times the length of the G1; and the G2 distal segment is about 0.2–0.3 times the length of the basal segment. These small variations may be due to the differences in size (cw 17.30–37.92 mm) and age of the crabs. </p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Oziotelphusa wagrakarowensis is currently known from Andhra Pradesh (Anantapur district), Karnataka (Bangalore Rural, Bangalore Urban, Chamarajanagar, Chikballapura, Hassan, Kolar, Mysore, and Uttara Kannada districts), Kerala (Wayanad district), and Maharashtra (Kolhapur, Nanded, Sangli, and Solapur districts) of the Indian peninsula (Fig. 1F). The precise geographic range of  O. wagrakarowensis is difficult to understand based on the known locality records. The species, however, seems to be restricted only to the highlands of the Deccan plateau and the Central Western Ghats. The wider distribution of  O. wagrakarowensis in the highlands of the Indian peninsula — unlike the congeners with a relatively restricted distribution in lowland areas — could be associated with the geological history of the Deccan plateau and the formation of the Western Ghats. In fact, the Western Ghats are not true mountains but are faulted edge of the upraised Deccan plateau (Kuriakose and Sebastian, 2016). It is possible that  O. wagrakarowensis was actually present in the Deccan plateau and later able to occupy some parts of the Western Ghats. Furthermore, the anthropogenic introduction of the species to newer localities cannot be overlooked since these crabs are generally associated with rice crops. If this is true, then these crabs might have been introduced to further south of Kerala as well. In these situations, more surveys need to be conducted in the remaining part of Kerala. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587EBB4731F44FC94FC0FFB6AFF1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R.	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R. (2019): New records of two species of freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae) from Kerala, India, with notes on their distribution. Nauplius (e 2019006) 27: 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2019006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2019006
039587EBB4761F46FC13FEDCFB22FDCB.text	039587EBB4761F46FC13FEDCFB22FDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanni nilgiriensis (Roux 1931)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vanni nilgiriensis (Roux, 1931)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 2)</p>
            <p> Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) nilgiriensis Roux, 1931: 56 . </p>
            <p> Gubernatoriana nilgiriensis — Bott, 1970a: 45. — Bott, 1970b: 336. — Srivastava, 2009: 29 (list). </p>
            <p> Vanni nilgiriensis — Bahir and Yeo, 2007: 341. — Ng et al., 2008: 68 (list). — Dev Roy, 2012: 187 (list). </p>
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                 Material examined.   INDIA. Kerala: Wayanad district — 1 male (cw 15.56 mm, cl 11.35 mm, ch 6.56 mm, fw 4.94 mm) and 3 females (cw 14.30–16.78 mm, cl 10.43–12.11mm, ch 5.87–7.11 mm, fw 4.72–5.29 mm),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.985/lat 11.867)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.867">Kambamala</a>
                 (11.869°N, 75.942°E; altitude 816 m), 26 October 2018, coll. P.S. Sujila (ZSI-WRC C.1825); 4 males (cw 13.38–18.34 mm, cl 9.80–12.60 mm, ch 5.83–8.37 mm, fw 4.24–5.46 mm) and 9 females (cw 14.62–19.08 mm, cl 10.55–13.29 mm, ch 6.41–8.10 mm, fw 4.62–5.95 mm), Pilakavu (11.867°N, 75.985°E; altitude 859 m), 9 October 2018, coll. P.S. Sujila (ZSI-WRC C.1826)  . 
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                 Comparative material.   INDIA. Karnataka: Kodagu district — 1 male (cw 24.42 mm, cl 17.24 mm, ch 9.28 mm, fw 7.99 mm), Ezhilaturn,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.494/lat 12.384)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.494&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.384">Thalacauveri Wildlife Sanctuary</a>
                 (12.384°N, 75.494°E; altitude 1185 m), 6 November 2013, coll. P.M. Sureshan (ZSI-WGRC IR/INV/9197)  . 
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            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace broader than long (cw/cl = 1.4–1.5), low (ch/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae distinct, slightly anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae rugose, not reaching epibranchial tooth; external orbital angle broadly triangular, with long outer margin, approximately 4–5 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth low, blunt; epistomal median lobe lacking median tooth (Fig. 2A, B). Ambulatory legs short, stout (Fig.2A, C). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3visible as narrow groove, reaching lateral margins; suture between male thoracic sternites s3/s4 only visible as 2 short lateral grooves (Fig. 2C). Male pleon moderately broad, almost triangular; pleonal somite 6 trapezoidal, broader than long, slightly shorter than telson (Fig. 2C). Male telson narrow, longer than broad at base, with slightly concave lateral margins (Fig. 2C). Male sternopleonal cavity short, extending up to imaginary line joining submedian part of cheliped coxae (Fig. 2C). G1 moderately stout, almost straight, with inner margin characteristically curved or angled just below juncture between terminal and subterminal segments; terminal segment almost conical, short, approximately 0.3times length of subterminal segment, distal third distinctly narrower than basal two-thirds; subterminal segment moderately stout (Fig. 2D). G2 longer than G1, approximately 1.2–1.4 times length of G1; distal segment long, approximately 0.4–0.5 times length of basal segment (Fig. 2E).</p>
            <p> Remarks. The present specimens of  V. nilgiriensis from Wayanad district of Kerala are very similar to the male lectotype in carapace morphology. These specimens are relatively smaller (cw 15.56–18.34 mm) than the lectotype (cw 24.70 mm) and the paralectotype (cw 21.00 mm) from Nilgiris of Tamil Nadu. The G2 distal segment in the present specimens, however, is relatively shorter, i.e., approximately 0.4 times the length of the basal segment (vs. relatively long, approximately 0.5 times the length of the basal segment in the lectotype; see Bahir and Yeo, 2007: fig. 35G). In addition, all the present specimens have a relatively shorter G2, approximately 1.2 times the length of the G1 (Fig. 2D, E) (vs. a relatively long G 2 in lectotype, approximately 1.4 times the length of G1; see Bahir and Yeo, 2007: fig. 35C, G). An adult male from Kodagu district of Karnataka (ZSI-WGRC IR/INV/9197) also has a shorter G2 distal segment (approximately 0.4 times the length of the basal segment) like that of the present specimens from Kerala.The lone specimen from Karnataka, however, differs from the present specimens in the length of the G2, which is about 1.3 times the length of the G1. Despite these variations in the G2 of  V. nilgiriensis , all the present specimens from Kerala and the material from Karnataka are conspecific with the lectotype from Tamil Nadu due to the similarity in overall carapace physiognomy and G1 structure. Although information on variations in G2 structure is unavailable for  V. nilgiriensis and its congeners, some species (e.g.,  Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 ) of the morphologically related genus,  Travancoriana Bott, 1969 , depict intraspecific variations in the length of the G2 distal segment (Bahir and Yeo, 2007). </p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Vanni nilgiriensis  is currently known from the Western Ghats of Karnataka (Kodagu district), Kerala (  Wayanad district ), and Tamil Nadu (  Nilgiris district ) (Fig.2F).Both the Coorg plateau (the  Western Ghats part of  Kodagu district ) and Wayanad plateau are connected with each other and the  Nilgiri mountains , which all together form a continuous mountain chain with similar zoogeography (Bhimachar, 1945).  Vanni nilgiriensis is probably restricted to these mountain ranges  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587EBB4761F46FC13FEDCFB22FDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R.	Sudha Devi, S. K. Pati P. S. Sujila A. R. (2019): New records of two species of freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae) from Kerala, India, with notes on their distribution. Nauplius (e 2019006) 27: 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2019006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2019006
