taxonID	type	description	language	source
039487F3FFF5FFFC69C091A00CA1FF48.taxon	materials_examined	1 male, South Africa: Jackson’s Fall, Mhlatazuna River, Natal, 29 ° 48 ’ S 30 ° 45 ’ E, 500 m, 18 December 1990, V. D. & B. Roth, dense indigenous forest; 1 male, 1 female, South Africa: Krantzkloof Nature Reserve, Natal, 29 ° 46 ’ S, 30 ° 50 ’ E, 400 m, 18 December 1990, V. D. & B. Roth, rivervine bush with grasses (both CAS).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C097AC0E8DFE4C.taxon	materials_examined	TH. 1 male, 1 female, Three Kings Is, Great I, South East Bay, 45 m, 27 Nov – 1 Dec 1983, J. C. Watt, pit trap 83 / 136 (NZAC).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C097180D94FE14.taxon	materials_examined	OL. 1 female, holotype (A. remota), Dart Hut, Mt Aspiring National Park, 44 ° 32 ’ S 168 ° 33 ’ E, 920 m, 13 – 14 February 1980, J. S. Dugdale, pan trap in bush (NZAC); published description of A. lanfrancoae (Hunt & Cokendolpher 1996).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C097E4088CFD18.taxon	materials_examined	MC. 2 males, Hay Scenic Reserve, nr Pigeon Bay, Banks Peninsula, ca. 43 ° 42 ’ S 172 ° 54 ’ E, 50 m, 10 April 1995, C. Griswold & T. Meikle, native forest (CAS); 1 male, Geyke Road, Christchurch, 15 February 1977, P. A. Ryan, garden rubbish (MONZ); SC. 1 male, Dennistoun Track, Peel Forest, 21 November 2000, P. M. Johns, H. Ruhberg, A. Orr, logs in wet weather (MONZ); 1 male, Peel Forest, 16 April 1968, P. M. Johns, Fuchsia - podocarp (MONZ); 3 males, Peel Forest, 27 December 1961, P. M. Johns (MONZ).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C094B00830FC88.taxon	materials_examined	TO. 1 male, holotype, Pureora, Waipapa Reserve, 570 m, 15 December 1983, J. Hutcheson, Malaise trap in shrublands (MONZ); AK. 1 male, Kumeu, Wilderness Gardens, June 1990, A. Dalton (NZAC); BP. 1 male, Mt Te Aroha summit, 12 March 1986, Transmitter building (NZAC); 1 male, Mt Te Aroha summit, 3 February 1991, G. H. Sherley, DOC, Transmitter building (NZAC).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C096E00E65FE80.taxon	materials_examined	1 male, holotype, Western Australia: Lot 40, Torbay Head, 35 ° 08 ’ S 117 ° 38 ’ E, 20 April – 14 May 1987, B. Y. Main (WAM).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C095200E1EFCC0.taxon	materials_examined	MC. 1 male, 3 females, Enys Flat, Craigieburn Range, 19 November 1961, P. M. Johns, Nothofagus (MONZ).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C095580838FC38.taxon	materials_examined	AU. 1 male (holotype of P. mila Forster, 1964), Auckland I, Terror Cove, Port Ross, 10 January 1963, K. A. J. Wise, on rata trunk with cockroaches (MONZ).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C095900EB6FB74.taxon	materials_examined	FD. 1 male, on Kintail Hut, Seaforth Valley, Fiordland, 28 February 1996, A. Tennyson, dead in spider web (MONZ); 2 males, Dean Burn, Moutts Farm, 14 November – 13 December 2001, G. Hall (NZAC); 1 male, The Hump, 1067 m, 6 February 1976, G. W. Ramsay, tussock (NZAC); OL. 2 males, N Paradise, Dundas Creek, 44 ° 40 S 168 ° 20 E, 3 February 2005, G. Hall, R. Hoare, under logs (NZAC); SI. 2 males, Ernest Is (east), Port Pegasus, 26 September 1969, P. M. Johns, Olearia - rata forest at night (MONZ); 1 male, Ocean Beach, Stewart Island, 18 January 1971, P. M. Johns, in grasses under Olearia (MONZ); 1 male, Mason’s Bay, Stewart I, 46 ° 54 ’ S 167 ° 48 ’ E, 15 May 1995, A. Tennyson (MONZ); 1 male, Codfish I, North Hut Track, 5 December 1981, B. A. Holloway, at night (NZAC); 1 male, 1 female, Stewart I, Little River, Westside, 24 December 1975 - 2 January 1976, A. C. Harris, Malaise trap (NZAC).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF6FFFC69C092CC0FA2FAC8.taxon	materials_examined	MC. 1 male, Arthurs Pass area, Flock Hill Lodge, 43 ° 08 ’ S 171 ° 45 ’ E, 1 – 13 January 1999, R. Blakemore & L. J. Boutin, beech forest, under rocks; DN. 3 males, 1 female, Trotters Gorge, North Otago, 15 April 1968, P. M. Johns, Fuchsia & Leptospermum (all MONZ).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFDFFF56990906509E3F922.taxon	description	Key to New Zealand Palpatores The New Zealand fauna of Palpatores (long-legged harvestmen) is dominated by members of the	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFDFFF56990906509E3F922.taxon	description	with all but three species belonging to that family. The Acropsopilionidae, a Gondwanan family recently recognised by Groh & Giribet (2015) as the sister lineage to the Northern Hemisphere Dyspnoi, are represented by a single species Acropsopilio neozelandiae (Forster 1948) (Acropsopilionidae). The families Phalangiidae and Sclerosomatidae are each represented by a single introduced species of European origin, Phalangium opilio Linnaeus 1758 (Phalangiidae) and Nelima doriae (Canestrini 1871) (Sclerosomatidae). Most New Zealand Neopilionidae are currently classified in the subfamily Enantiobuninae with the exception of the relictual Americovibone remota Taylor 2016 (Ballarrinae). Most females of the genera Pantopsalis and Forsteropsalis cannot currently be identified to species level by morphology alone. Confident identification of males may require examination of the penis, which at rest is concealed by the genital operculum. Cutting the connecting membranes along each side of the operculum will allow it to be pushed open, after which the penis may be removed with a pair of forceps. Four species names have had to be omitted from the key owing to lack of data: Pantopsalis halli Hogg 1920, P. grayi Hogg 1920, P. wattsi Hogg 1920 and Forsteropsalis australis (Simon 1899). Pantopsalis halli and P. grayi are unidentifiable nomina dubia based on female specimens (Taylor 2004, 2011); the possibility exists that they represent synonyms of other established names but cannot be currently established as such. The status of F. australis is discussed in the taxonomic section below under Forsteropsalis, and that of P. wattsi is discussed under Puwere. The female of Puwere pureora has not been formally described; it is included in the key below on the basis of observations on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / taxa / 450949 - Forsteropsalis-pureora).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFFFFF2699091F80FEBFEF8.taxon	discussion	Comments: The genus Megalopsalis as currently defined (Taylor 2013 b) is morphologically diverse with few unifying features. The phylogenetic analysis presented above has identified three likely subclades that may also be confidently defined morphologically. However, because the relationships of these taxa have not yet been tested using molecular data, these clades are recognised as subgenera until their significance can be more firmly assessed. This allows their ready discussion and comparison by future authors, without enforcing the use of new combinations until such a time as their validity may be more confidently assessed.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF8FFF2699097880E13FB3C.taxon	description	Fig. 4 a http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1743293 F-E 793 - 4639 - 9 E 31 - 1526 FAACBBF 8	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF8FFF2699097880E13FB3C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Spinicrus minimum Kauri, 1954.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF8FFF2699097880E13FB3C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender feminine, from the Latin intutus, unguarded, and portula, a small gate, hence ‘ a small unguarded gate’, in reference to the lack of a grill of spines at the spiracle opening.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF8FFF2699097880E13FB3C.taxon	description	Description: Pedipalp patella of both sexes lacking distinct apophysis or hypersetose area; tarsal claw with ventral tooth-row. Penis (Fig. 4 a) with glans short, subtriangular, basally deep but rapidly narrowing distad in lateral view; bristle groups relatively long; shaft with distinct waist behind bristle groups. Spiracle with covering spines almost or entirely absent but usually with lace tubercles present in lateral corner (Taylor 2013 b).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF8FFF2699097880E13FB3C.taxon	discussion	Comments: This subgenus corresponds to the Megalopsalis minima species-group as recognised by Taylor (2013 b). The spiracle morphology, lacking either protective spines or enantiophysis, has not been recorded from any other Phalangioidea (Šilhavý 1970). These structures are presumed to offer protection from desiccation so their absence in Intutoportula must be considered curious. Intutoportula species are restricted to southern Western Australia (Kauri 1954; Taylor 2013 b), with three of the four species inhabiting the High Rainfall Province of the south-western land division, a region recognised as a global biodiversity hotspot (Rix et al. 2015; Brundrett 2021). The outlier is M. suffugiens which may be able to survive in its more arid Nullarbor habitat through its association with subterranean refugia (Taylor 2013 b).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF06990959A08E1FE30.taxon	description	Fig. 4 c	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF06990959A08E1FE30.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Macropsalis serritarsus Sørensen, 1886, by original monotypy (as replacement name for Macropsalis Sørensen 1886).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF06990959A08E1FE30.taxon	description	Description: Pedipalp patella uniform in both sexes, either with well-developed, hypersetose mediodistal apophysis or lacking both distinct apophysis and hypersetose area; tarsal claw with ventral tooth-row. Penis (Fig. 4 c) with glans short, subtriangular, basally deep but rapidly narrowing distally; bristle groups relatively long; shaft with strong to weak waist behind bristle groups. Spiracle with grate of mid-length to long, basally reticulate spines with multifurcate to palmate endings, sometimes anastomosing, with lace tubercles present in lateral corner. Distitarsi III and IV usually with paired ventral rows of enlarged, brush-like setae (Taylor 2011; reduced in Megalopsalis sublucens, absent in M. leptekes and M. tanisphyros).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF06990959A08E1FE30.taxon	discussion	Comments: Members of this subgenus remain morphologically diverse. Most species are united by a unique synapomorphy, the presence of a double row of thick, hollow setae with brush-like ends on the tarsi of legs III and IV (Taylor 2011, 2013 b). The function of these structures is unknown though glandular and / or sensory functions have been attributed to comparable structures in Laniatores (Rodriguez & Townsend 2015; Townsend & Enzmann 2018; Gainett et al. 2019). However, brush-like setae have not been observed in M. leptekes or M. tanisphyros (Taylor, 2011). Based on the features of brush-like setae and the presence or absence of a pedipalpal apophysis, Megalopsalis (Megalopsalis) may be divided between three groups: (1) the M. serritarsus species group of Taylor (2013 b), with both brush-like setae and a pedipalpal apophysis; (2) the M. leptekes species group of Taylor (2013 b), with a pedipalpal apophysis but no brush-like setae; and (3) a group of M. stewarti, M. sublucens, M. tasmanica and M. thryptica (referred to below as the ‘ M. tasmanica group’) with brush-like setae but no pedipalpal apophysis. The M. serritarsus group may also be distinguished by distitarsi III and IV being basally swollen (Taylor 2011), though M. thryptica has distitarsus IV only swollen (Taylor 2013 b). The names Hypomegalopsalis Taylor, 2011 (type species: M. tanisphyros) and Spinicrus Forster, 1949 (type species: M. tasmanica) are potentially available for the M. leptekes and M. tasmanica species groups, respectively, but are retained in synonymy herein. Both groups are essentially distinguished by the absence of key features only. In the phylogenetic analyses presented above, the M. serritarsus group is associated with the M. leptekes group under equal parsimony but with the M. tasmanica group under implied weights analyses. The M. tasmanica group is not recovered as monophyletic under either parameter. It should also be noted that the brush-like tarsal setae are reduced in number and regularity in M. sublucens, presumably in relation to that species’ small body size (Taylor 2013 b). This raises the question of whether their apparent absence in the similarly small-bodied M. leptekes group may also be the result of secondary loss. In light of these considerations, further subdivision of the subgenus Megalopsalis should await the input of further data, hopefully including molecular analysis.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF3699096A90DADFCC0.taxon	description	Fig. 4 b Insert below: http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: DD 6 F 3 E 70 - DC 5 D- 4823 - AA 1 A- 7 FEE 9 B 8 BC 1 F 1	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF3699096A90DADFCC0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Megalopsalis caeruleomontium Taylor, 2013 b.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF3699096A90DADFCC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender masculine, from the historical genus Spinicrus (currently synonymised with Megalopsalis) and the suffix - oides, ‘ resembling’.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF3699096A90DADFCC0.taxon	description	Description: Pedipalp patella of both sexes lacking distinct apophysis or hypersetose area; tarsal claw with ventral tooth-row. Penis (Fig. 4 b) with glans short to medium-length, subtriangular to subrectangular, rapidly narrowing beyond shaft-glans junction to become strongly compressed; bristle groups relatively long; shaft with relatively weak waist behind bristle groups. Spiracle with grate of mid-length, densely reticulate spines with multifurcate endings, and dense patch of lace tubercles in lateral corner (Taylor 2013 b).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFF9FFF3699096A90DADFCC0.taxon	discussion	Comments: The species of Spinicruroides were left unassigned to species groups by Taylor (2013 b). Though externally diverse in appearance, they form a cluster distinguishable from other Megalopsalis species by genital morphology. The sides of the glans converge less strongly than in other subgenera, so the overall shape is a narrower triangle or even rectangular, in contrast to the broader triangle of Intutoportula or Megalopsalis. The glans is also noticeably flatter in lateral view. Spinicruroides species are found in coastward regions of New South Wales and Queensland (Taylor 2013 b).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699093320F5BFA47.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4094 D 94 F-ED 66 - 4 B 1 F- 8312 - CAF 14 B 2 A 0 FC 2	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699093320F5BFA47.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Accensus brevicrus new species.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699093320F5BFA47.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Latin, masculine, for one of the unarmed reserve troops of a legion.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699093320F5BFA47.taxon	description	Description: As for the type and only known species.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699097C00E43FBE0.taxon	description	Fig. 4 d http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 53 F 2 B 2 C- 6 FB 9 - 4 D 8 B- 83 F 2 - 4 EF 7 D 8274 F 20	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699097C00E43FBE0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Spinicrus nigricans Hickman, 1957.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699097C00E43FBE0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender neuter, from the historical genus Spinicrus (currently regarded as a synonym of Megalopsalis) with the diminutive suffix - ellum.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699097C00E43FBE0.taxon	description	Description: As for the type and only species (Hickman 1957; Taylor 2013 b).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF0699097C00E43FBE0.taxon	discussion	Comments: This species was included in Megalopsalis by Taylor (2013 b) along with other species of ‘ Spinicrus ’, though its distinctive appearance was commented on at the time. Since then, both morphological (see above) and molecular (Giribet et al. 2021 b) phylogenetic analyses have placed M. nigricans in an isolated position from other Megalopsalis species. As such, it is here accorded its own genus. Spinicrurellum may be readily distinguished from all other Enantiobuninae by its ozopores which are small and circular rather than oblong, and sit flush with the lateral margin of the prosoma rather than being raised on lobes. The genital morphology is also unique, with the penis being remarkably short, broad and flattened, and the glans being shorter than wide and subtrapezoidal (Fig. 4 d). Major males, though seemingly rare (Taylor 2013 b), have distinct dorsal rows of elongated denticles on the chelicerae that are only paralleled by those seen in Ungoliant photophaga (Taylor & Probert 2014).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF16990901F0D85FC38.taxon	description	Fig. 5 http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 070 F 548 B- 620 C- 41 A 3 - 8 F 5 C- 108 E 194 B 2 D 14	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF16990901F0D85FC38.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Latin, noun in apposition, from brevis, short, and crus, leg.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF16990901F0D85FC38.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: CO. Male, Carrick Range, Watts Rock, 1295 m, pit traps, J. C. Watt, 13 – 15 Feb 1983 (NZAC). Specimens: 3 males, 1 juvenile, as for holotype (NZAC).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF16990901F0D85FC38.taxon	description	Description: Male (Fig. 5): Prosoma length 0.4 – 0.6, prosoma width 1.1 – 1.3, body length 1.8 – 2.2. Dorsum unarmed, opisthosoma not sclerotized. Dorsal prosomal plate yellow tan, with purple mottling laterally and in front of ocularium. Ocularium low in lateral view. Ozopores small and rounded; slightly but not prominently raised. Mouthparts cream-coloured. Coxae cream-coloured with medium brown patches distally, and with scattered black setae. Dorsum and venter of opisthosoma cream-coloured with transverse stripes of purple mottling; no prominent setae present. Chelicerae (Fig. 5 b): Segment I 0.5 – 0.6, segment II 1.0 – 1.1. Relatively short, not extending far above dorsum of body; both segments unarmed. First segment cream-coloured; second segment light brown for most of length, cream-coloured distally. Second segment inflated, more so dorsoventrally than frontolaterally. Fingers slender, relatively straight, angled mesad in frontal view; mobile finger not bearing setae, closing tightly against fixed finger. Pedipalps (Fig. 5 c): Femur 0.4 – 0.5, patella 0.3, tibia 0.4, tarsus 0.7 – 0.8. Inner margin of coxa without protruding flange, unarmed; base of coxa without tubercles. Entire pedipalp unarmed. Femur medium brown except cream-coloured proximally and distally; patella, tibia and tarsus each light brown basally, cream-coloured distally. Patella mediodistally rounded, but without distinct apophysis; no dense setation on patella and tibia, pedipalp with sparse black setae throughout. Microtrichia present on distal half of tibia and entire length of tarsus. Tarsal claw without ventral tooth-comb. Legs: Leg I femur 0.9 – 1.0, patella 0.4, tibia 0.9 – 1.0; leg II femur 2.0, patella 0.6, tibia 2.3; leg III femur 0.9, patella 0.3, tibia 0.8 – 0.9; leg IV femur 1.6 – 1.7, patella 0.4 – 0.5, tibia 1.3 – 1.5. Relatively short and stout; all segments unarmed; microtrichia present on patellae, tibiae and tarsi. Banded cream and light brown. Tibia II with six pseudosegments; tibia IV undivided. Penis (Fig 5 d, e): Shaft relatively broad and flat, wider than glans. Anterior bristle groups quite short; posterior bristle groups longer, relatively slender. Glans only about as long as wide, subquadrate in ventral view with distal triangular finger-like process undershooting stylus.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFFAFFF16990901F0D85FC38.taxon	discussion	Comments: This remarkable species is immediately distinguishable from any other New Zealand neopilionid by its short legs but relatively unsclerotised dorsum. The only other Neopilionidae with such short legs relative to body size are the New Zealand species Monoscutum titirangiense, Acihasta salebrosa, and Templar incongruens, and the Australian genus Australiscutum. The New Zealand species are more heavily sclerotised than Accensus brevicrus, with raised tubercles on the dorsum in Monoscutum and Templar, and spine-like lateral processes on the opisthosoma in Acihasta. Australiscutum also bears a nodular dorsum, and male chelicerae are heavily denticulate. Accensus also exhibits a distinctive genital morphology, with the glans having an acute apex that extends well past the insertion point of the stylus.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE4FFEE699096A90801F9CC.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Macropsalis chiltoni Hogg, 1910, by original designation.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE4FFEE699096A90801F9CC.taxon	description	Description: Male with prosoma largely unarmed except scattered denticles in front of ocularium and / or at anterior corners. Medial side of pedipalpal coxa in male rectangular with blunt denticles. Pedipalp femur shorter than or subequal to length of prosoma; patella of both sexes often with small, but distinct, pointed mediodistal apophysis (absent in male of F. distincta); no densely setose area on patella; tarsal claw without tooth-row. Penis with glans medium length, subtriangular, narrowing distad in lateral view; bristle groups relatively long.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE4FFEE699096A90801F9CC.taxon	discussion	Comments: Taylor (2011) erected Forsteropsalis to include a diverse assemblage of New Zealand species previously assigned to the Australian genus Megalopsalis. Both morphological (herein) and molecular (Giribet et al. 2021 b) studies have not supported Taylor’s (2011) original concept of Forsteropsalis as monophyletic (see phylogenetic discussion above for further details). Forsteropsalis is therefore restricted herein to those species most closely related to F. chiltoni. Under this restricted concept, Forsteropsalis may be distinguished from Mangatangi by the lack of a tooth-row on the pedipalpal claw and the narrower glans in lateral view, from Pantopsalis, Pakaka and Ungoliant photophaga by the lack of a mediodistal hypersetose region on the pedipalpal patella and from Pantopsalis by the presence of denticles on the pedipalpal coxa and the longer bristle groups on the penis, from Puwere and Shelob by the shorter glans appearing subtriangular in ventral view, and from the remaining species of Ungoliant by its shorter pedipalps and the absence of ventrodistal apophyses on the basal pseudosegments of distitarsus I. Forsteropsalis has a distinctly southerly range, being found in the lower half of the South Island and Stewart Island (Taylor 2011), as well as on the Auckland Islands (Forster 1964) and Chatham Islands (see below). Forsteropsalis chiltoni and F. marplesi were only tentatively distinguished by Taylor (2011) by the number of pseudosegments in tibia II. Pseudosegment counts are a problematic character in harvestman taxonomy, having been found to vary within species and sometimes even within individuals (Suzuki 1973, 1982). However, pseudosegment count in Forsteropsalis is also correlated with overall leg length, F. marplesi tending to have longer legs than F. chiltoni (details in species key above). Molecular data have also supported the distinction between F. marplesi and F. chiltoni (Fernández et al. 2014; Giribet et al. 2021 b), albeit with the suggestion that more than one species may have been confused under F. chiltoni. Dasylobus australis was described by Simon (1899) from a female specimen collected on Chatham Island but was overlooked by all subsequent reviews of New Zealand Opiliones. Dasylobus Simon, 1878 is a western Palaearctic genus of Phalangiidae that would be extremely unlikely to occur in New Zealand, at least as part of the native fauna. I have been unable to examine the type specimen of D. australis, currently held in the Senckenberg Naturmuseum und Forschungsinstitut in Frankfurt, Germany (Porto & Pérez-González 2019). However, Simon’s (1899) description allows it to be identified as a female Forsteropsalis. A specimen of a female Forsteropsalis collected at Taiko Camp on Chatham Island, held in the collection at MONZ, confirms the presence of that genus in the Chatham group (personal observation). Unfortunately, female neopilionids cannot often be identified below genus level and no male neopilionids have been described to date from Chatham Island. The isolated location of the Chatham Islands makes it likely that any Forsteropsalis species found there will be distinct from those of the New Zealand mainland, hence I take the provisional step of recognising Dasylobus australis as Forsteropsalis australis new combination, but confirmation of its status awaits identification of male specimens.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE4FFEE6990909D0ED7F808.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 094 A 19 D- 1093 - 49 C 0 - 9525 - EF 38085 BBDFC	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE4FFEE6990909D0ED7F808.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Maikukunui tokerau new species.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE4FFEE6990909D0ED7F808.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender masculine. Compound from the Maori words maikuku, a claw (as for a crab or lobster claw), and nui, large, in reference to the large chelicerae.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE4FFEE6990909D0ED7F808.taxon	description	Description: As for type and only species.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE5FFEC699096A908B8FBA8.taxon	description	Fig. 6 http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 51220457 - 2 B 23 - 436 E- 92 DB-F 960 A 07 B 365 D	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE5FFEC699096A908B8FBA8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ND. Male, Waipoua Forest, near visitors’ centre, ca. 35 ° 40 ’ S 173 ° 33 ’ E, el. ca. 120 m, 5. iv. 1995, C. Griswold & T. Meikle (CAS). Paratypes: ND. 1 male, Te Paki Coastal Park, 7 Feb 75, A. K. Walker (NZAC); AK. 1 male, Titirangi, 12 December 1945, R. Forster (MONZ).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE5FFEC699096A908B8FBA8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Species name a noun in apposition, from the Maori for ‘ north’.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE5FFEC699096A908B8FBA8.taxon	description	Description: Male (Fig. 6): Prosoma length 1.6 – 2.2, prosoma width 3.0 – 3.6, body length 4.2 – 5.9. Body unarmed except for small black, spinose setae scattered over entire body. Dorsum of prosoma mostly mottled orange with white U-shaped stripe between either side of ocularium and anterior margin of carapace, white patches also present around lateral margins of dorsal prosomal plate and around ozopores. Ocularium off-white with black rings around eyes. Mesopeltidium medially purple with white patches directly behind ocularium, laterally mottled orange. Metapeltidium and dorsum of opisthosoma mottled light purple with cream-coloured patches. Mouthparts and coxae medially cream-coloured with light brown mottling on coxae, becoming more evenly medium brown distally; venter of opisthosoma mostly cream-coloured with transverse stripes of mottled purple-brown posteriorly. Chelicerae: Segment I 13.2 – 17.8, segment II 15.3 – 20.0. Mostly orange, with dorsodistal cream patch on first segment. First segment with widely-spaced denticles with prominent longitudinal row of more elongate denticles ventromedially (Fig. 6 b); denticles becoming absent dorsodistally. Second segment more evenly denticulate, with some more elongate denticles proximodorsally. Cheliceral fingers elongate, slightly bowed; mobile finger with numerous setae around median tooth. Pedipalp: Femur 2.6 – 2.8, patella 1.1 – 1.3, tibia 1.4 – 1.8, tarsus 3.2 – 3.6. Unarmed, including median side of coxa, except for numerous black setae. Femur striped purple and cream-coloured; patella and proximal half of tibia mostly purple; distal half of femur and tarsus cream-coloured. Patella without apophysis or hypersetose region. Microtrichia present along entire length of tarsus. Claw without ventral teeth. Legs: Leg I femur 10.1 – 12.1, patella 1.9 – 2.2, tibia 9.9 – 10.6; leg II femur 16.7 – 19.2, patella 2.1 – 2.4, tibia 16.2 – 19.2; leg III femur 8.3 – 10.4, patella 1.8 – 2.0, tibia 7.9 – 10.1; leg IV femur 11.5 – 13.6, patella 2.0 – 2.3, tibia 10.7 – 13.5. Femora evenly denticulate; remaining segments unarmed except few denticles around distal ends of patellae. Tibia II with eleven or twelve pseudosegments; tibia IV with three to five pseudosegments. Penis (Fig. 6 d, e): Shaft and tendon elongate; all four bristle groups present, left anterior group relatively small. Distinct lateral protrusion of glans above left anterior bristle group. Glans of medium length, sides becoming subparallel distally, dorsoventrally flattened distally. Female: Prosoma length 2.2, prosoma width 3.2, body length 5.4. Only available female specimen poorly preserved, bleached. Dorsum unarmed. Colouration retains white patches between either side of ocularium and anterior margin of carapace, and indication of dark square median saddle on anterior segments of opisthosoma, with bright transverse stripe behind saddle. Chelicerae: Segment I 1.2, segment II 2.7; slender, relatively long for female neopilionid; dorsum with few strong, sharp denticles on first segment and basal part of second segment. Pedipalp: Femur 1.8, patella 1.0, tibia 1.3, tarsus 2.8; as for male, except microtrichia present over greater part of tibia. Legs: Leg I missing; leg II femur 14.2, patella 2.3, tibia 15.7; leg III femur 7.8, patella 1.8, tibia 7.6; leg IV femur 10.6, patella 1.9, tibia 10.9. Femora denticulate.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE5FFEC699096A908B8FBA8.taxon	discussion	Comments: Maikukunui tokerau can be readily distinguished from other New Zealand Enantiobuninae by the male’s cheliceral armature, with widely spaced, relatively elongate denticles ventrally on the first segment. The male genital morphology with its relatively short glans, subtriangular in ventral view, distinguishes Maikukunui from other New Zealand neopilionid genera except Forsteropsalis and Ungoliant, in which the glans is thicker dorsoventrally. Maikukunui may also be distinguished from these genera by the lack of denticles on the pedipalpal coxa, from Forsteropsalis by its longer pedipalps, and from Ungoliant by the lack of ventrodistal apophyses on the basal pseudosegments of distitarsus II. Maikukunui tokerau is the only species of Neopilionidae described thus far from the Northland region of New Zealand, and only the second after Monoscutum titirangiense known from the Auckland region.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE6FFEC699092450C80F8FB.taxon	description	Fig. 7 http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BC 3 A 6 D 47 - 7197 - 47 E 8 - 8 B 94 - 3 FD 011 F 2545 B	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE6FFEC699092450C80F8FB.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Megalopsalis grimmetti Forster 1944.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE6FFEC699092450C80F8FB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender feminine. From the Maori pakaka, a burnt orange or ochre colour, in reference to the type species’ distinctive coloration.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE6FFEC699092450C80F8FB.taxon	description	Description: As for the type and only included species (Forster 1944; Taylor 2011).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE6FFEC699092450C80F8FB.taxon	discussion	Comments: Pakaka grimmetti is a distinctive species found in the west of New Zealand’s South Island (Taylor 2011). It may be distinguished from Forsteropsalis, Mangatangi, Puwere, Shelob and Ungoliant except U. photophaga by the presence of a hypersetose apophysis on the pedipalpal patella in both sexes, being particularly large in the female. It may be distinguished from Triascutum and Ungoliant photophaga by its genital morphology, having a long glans with subparallel sides, and from Pantopsalis by its long pedipalps and long bristle groups on the penis. Pakaka grimmetti may also be distinguished from all other Enantiobuninae by its body form, with a relatively broad, somewhat flattened and truncate, opisthosoma and characteristic pale matt venter. Photographs of live specimens exhibit an orange-brown coloration that contrasts with the darker colour of many other Enantiobuninae (https: // www. inaturalist. org / taxa / 498091 - Forsteropsalis-grimmetti). Taylor (2011) described a beta male morph for Pakaka grimmetti, using the terminology established by Painting et al. (2015). However, a specimen held in MONZ (1 male, MC. Craigieburn Valley, Craigieburn Range, snowtussock, under rock, 5 February 1973, P. M. Johns) exhibits an alpha morphology with long, slender chelicerae (Fig. 7 c).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE7FFEA699096A90E75FD84.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Phalangium listeri White, 1849, by monotypy.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE7FFEA699096A90E75FD84.taxon	discussion	Comments: The taxonomic status of Phalangium listeri and Ph. (Phrynus) cheliferoides were clarified by Taylor (2013 a). Taylor (2013 a) also provided a key to males of Pantopsalis in which the South Island P. listeri was separated from the North Island P. cheliferoides by the absence of denticles on the ocularium and the presence of transverse stripes on the opisthosoma. Use of the latter character was in error as colour pattern varies in both populations (as previously noted by Vélez et al. 2014). The relationship between P. listeri and P. cheliferoides deserves further investigation. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the P. listeri group by Giribet et al. (2021 b) did not support a clear division between populations on the North and South Islands; instead, specimens from the northwestern South Island clustered with those from the North Island. Corroborating this finding, specimens from northern Westland (South Island) held in the collection in MONZ have a denticulate ocularium like that of North Island specimens. The collection locality for the neotype of P. listeri was not specified beyond ‘ Ile du Milieu’ (i. e. South Island) but it clearly possesses an unarmed ocularium (Taylor 2013 a). The status of many other Pantopsalis species requires clarification. Pantopsalis albipalpis, P. coronata, P. phocator and P. pococki form a complex of species from the southern South Island with very similar genital morphology, currently distinguished only by coloration and / or degree of denticulation. Giribet et al. (2021 b) identified these species as forming a clade but did not find relationships within the clade conforming to current species boundaries. The distinction between Pantopsalis albipalpis from the Otago region and P. johnsi from the Auckland Islands was left open by Taylor (2004), who was unable at the time to identify distinguishing features between the two but provisionally maintained them as distinct due to their widely separated distributions. Subsequent re-examination of specimens of both species held at MONZ has confirmed that they may be distinguished by genital morphology, with P. johnsi having a distinctly shorter glans (about as long as deep in lateral view) than P. albipalpis (distinctly longer than deep in lateral view).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEA699094550D28F904.taxon	description	Fig. 8 a, b http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 977637 B-B 178 - 4286 - 875 D-D 42828864 F 4 A	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEA699094550D28F904.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Forsteropsalis pureora Taylor, 2013 a.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEA699094550D28F904.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender masculine. From the Maori puwere (pronounced ‘ poo-weh-reh’), an arachnid.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEA699094550D28F904.taxon	description	Description: As for type and only definite species (Taylor 2013 a).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEA699094550D28F904.taxon	discussion	Comments: Puwere pureora is a widespread species across the central North Island (Powell et al. 2020). It may be distinguished from Pakaka, Pantopsalis, Triascutum and Ungoliant photophaga by the absence of an apophysis or hypersetose area on the pedipalpal patella, and from Forsteropsalis, Mangatangi, Shelob and Ungoliant by its genital morphology, with the penis having a relatively long, parallel-sided glans that does not narrow immediately distad of the shaft-glans junction. Two further species are not formally included in Puwere, owing to a lack of data, but are noted here for consideration. Pantopsalis wattsi was described by Hogg (1920) on the basis of a single male specimen from Hawera in the Taranaki region, North Island. Despite a brief redescription of the holotype by Taylor (2011), who transferred it to Forsteropsalis, this species remains poorly characterised. Most significantly, no description is yet available of its genital morphology. The recent identification of male trimorphism in P. pureora by Powell et al. (2020) raises the question whether F. wattsi might represent a gamma male of that species. The primary feature currently distinguishing the two species, more developed denticulation on the prosoma of P. pureora, could represent intra-specific variation correlating with the smaller size of the F. wattsi holotype. The type localities of the two species, Pureora in the Waikato district and Hawera in the Taranaki district, are separated by only about 250 km. Specimens assigned to F. wattsi were placed in a clade with P. pureora by Giribet et al. (2021 b) but their species identity should be considered uncertain. They were collected in the northern South Island and may represent a related but as yet undescribed species. Pantopsalis grayi was also described by Hogg (1920) on the basis of a poorly preserved female specimen from Waikaremoana near Te Urewera National Park. Though this is also within the potential range of Puwere pureora, it is unlikely that the specific identity of this specimen could ever be confidently established, and P. grayi remains a nomen dubium.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEB699090D40D9AFE69.taxon	description	Fig. 8 c, d http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5 C 77813 C-BFCB- 45 B 9 - A 252 - 5 A 5 E 67927 B 6 F	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEB699090D40D9AFE69.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Megalopsalis inconstans Forster, 1944.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEB699090D40D9AFE69.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender feminine. After Shelob, a monstrous spider-like creature featured in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEB699090D40D9AFE69.taxon	description	Description: As for the type and only known species (Taylor 2011).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE0FFEB699090D40D9AFE69.taxon	discussion	Comments: Shelob inconstans has been recorded widely in central New Zealand, from the southern North Island and northern South Island (Vélez et al. 2014). Fernández et al. (2014) established that Megalopsalis chiltoni nigra Forster, 1944, treated as Forsteropsalis nigra by Taylor (2011), represented a colour variant of S. inconstans and synonymised the two taxa. Shelob inconstans stands out from all other Enantiobuninae in its degree of armature with the entire carapace being densely denticulate, including the mesopeltidium. It also has a distinctive genital morphology with the glans being conspicuously narrowed at the base but with the sides then becoming parallel, and the glans overall being quite long. This may be derived from an ancestor more similar in genital morphology to Forsteropsalis, via elongation of the distal section of the glans.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE1FFEB699094780ED7FCA5.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 3 E 7 F 4 E 58 - 2 D 40 - 4658 - 9 F 06 - 727351 BA 8 A 81	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE1FFEB699094780ED7FCA5.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Megalopsalis triascuta Forster, 1944.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE1FFEB699094780ED7FCA5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender neuter. From the Latin tres, three, and scutum, shield, to reflect the name originally given to its type species by Forster (1944) and to contrast with the related genus Monoscutum Forster, 1948.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE1FFEB699094780ED7FCA5.taxon	description	Description: As for type and only species.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE2FFE9699096A90DA9FC38.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE2FFE9699096A90DA9FC38.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype juvenile: WI. Feilding Hills, 1 November 1942, R. Forster, under log (MONZ). Other material: AK. 1 female, Huia, 20 May – 3 June 1981, B. M. May, malaise trap (NZAC); 1 female, Manurewa, 29 May 1943, R. Forster (MONZ); BP. 1 male, 1 female, Papatea, 24 September – 19 October 1992, J. S. Dugdale, malaise trap (NZAC); 1 male, Waenga Bush, 16 September 1992, R. C. Henderson, off bases of nikau fronds (MONZ); 1 female, Waiaroho, 17 September – 21 October 1992, G. Hall, malaise trap (NZAC); GB. 1 male, Te Piripiri Bay, Lake Waikaremoana, Urewera National Park, 20 March 1997, L. J. Boutin, beech forest, ex sifting litter (MONZ); TO. 1 male, Pureora, Waipapa Reserve, 570 m, 15 December 1983, J. Hutcheson, malaise trap in podocarps (NZAC); 1 male, 1 female, ditto, 27 December 1983, malaise trap in shrublands (NZAC).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE2FFE9699096A90DA9FC38.taxon	description	Description: As given by Forster (1944), with the following additions: Male chelicerae not enlarged relative to female; teeth on cheliceral fingers with one large tooth towards base of row, remainder evenly serrate; mobile finger without setae. Pedipalp not particularly elongate, length of femur subequal to that of prosoma; patella of both sexes with elongate medial distolateral apophysis, more than twice length of main body of patella, about two-thirds to three-quarters length of tibia, covered with short stout setae, more slender in male than in female; tibia also with small distal apophysis, protruding only slightly past tarsus; plumose setae apparently absent, microtrichia on tarsus only; tarsal claw ventrally rugose; pedipalpal coxa simple, without denticles. Legs elongate but relatively stout; unarmed; microtrichia present on legs from femora to tarsi; tibia II with eight pseudosegments, tibia IV with two. Penis (Fig. 9 c – d): Shaft narrow, flattened dorsoventrally; tendon relatively short. Bristle groups medium in length, not extending to dorsal margin of shaft. Glans relatively short but slender, lateral edges in distal half subparallel, slightly curved rightwards, narrow in lateral view. Ovipositor (Fig. 9 e): Two seminal receptacles present. Spiracle (Fig. 9 b): Curtain of distally anastomosing spines extending over entire spiracle, spines not shortening to tubercles in medial corner.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE2FFE9699096A90DA9FC38.taxon	discussion	Comments: Triascutum triascutum can be immediately distinguished from all other Neopilionidae by the very elongate patellar apophysis on the pedipalp, considerably longer than the main body of the patella itself and nearly as long as the adjoining tibia. This species is widespread in the North Island of New Zealand. To date, I have not identified any features suggesting the presence of more than one species. Though noted to be misplaced in Megalopsalis, M. triascuta was left incertae sedis by Taylor (2011) owing to the juvenile nature of its holotype. Subsequent examination of mature specimens has confirmed its remarkable nature, and both morphological (see below) and molecular (Giribet et al. 2021 b) phylogenetic analyses place it in an isolated position from other Neopilionidae. As a result, it is herein transferred to its own genus.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE3FFE6699095D50F24FE80.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 193 A 702 - 4 E 02 - 4280 - A 8 A 4 - 3155266 E 9 F 4 D	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE3FFE6699095D50F24FE80.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Forsteropsalis photophaga Taylor & Probert, 2014.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE3FFE6699095D50F24FE80.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Gender feminine. After Ungoliant, the monstrous spider-like entity featured in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Silmarillion. As well as her arachnid-like appearance, Ungoliant may also be compared to the type species U. photophaga in her role as destroyer of light-producing life-forms.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFE3FFE6699095D50F24FE80.taxon	discussion	Comments: Ungoliant comprises to very distinct morphological clusters, with the type species divergent in appearance from the other three. All four are large-bodied enantiobunines with long pedipalps, the pedipalpal femur being longer than the prosoma in both sexes and at least 1.5 times as long as the prosoma in males. This exceeds the pedipalpal length of all other New Zealand Enantiobuninae; the closest contenders are the genera Maikukunui, Pakaka and Puwere that may be further distinguished by features discussed under their respective headings. Armature in all four species is remarkably weak with carapace and legs bearing few or no denticles. At least some individuals of each species also share a unique male cheliceral morphology in which the second cheliceral segment is massively inflated and the cheliceral fingers are enlarged and bow-shaped (Taylor 2011; Taylor & Probert 2014), though this feature is subject to intraspecific polymorphism. However, U. photophaga differs from other Ungoliant species in genital morphology, having the glans long and parallel-sided whereas that of the remaining species is short and subtriangular (Taylor 2011; Taylor & Probert 2014). The pedipalpal patella of U. photophaga bears a distinct hypersetose apophysis, similar to that found in Pantopsalis, whereas the patellar apophysis of other species, if present, is less markedly setose (Taylor & Probert 2014). Ungoliant fabulosa, U. bona and U. turneri are also united by a unique modification of distitarsus I, with the first several pseudosegments bearing a strong ventrodistal tooth (Taylor & Probert 2014). Nevertheless, Ungoliant is here recognised as a single genus rather than divided between two separate genera. Despite their strong morphological resemblances, U. fabulosa, U. bona and U. turneri have not been supported as a clade by molecular data (Giribet et al. 2021 b). Instead, Giribet et al. (2021 b) support a close relationship between U. bona and U. photophaga. Both U. bona and U. photophaga have been found in association with the Waitomo cave complex of the central North Island, with U. photophaga potentially a strict troglobite (Taylor & Probert 2014). Glandular pedipalpal setae have been identified as a predatory adaptation in harvestmen (Wolff et al. 2016) and it is possible that the particularly long, densely setose pedipalps of U. photophaga assist it in capturing prey within the cave environment. Ungoliant photophaga is here selected as type species in recognition that the phylogenetic positions of the other species may be subject to future revision.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFECFFE76990975D0D30FEDC.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFECFFE76990975D0D30FEDC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: FD. Male, Lake Manapouri, December 1937, F. J. Turner (OMNZ). Specimens examined: FD. 2 males, Mt Balloon Caves, on walls in complete darkness, 26 January 1948, R. K. Dell (MONZ); 1 male, Mt Luxmore, limestone caves, 4000 ’, 12 April 1982, A. C. Harris (OMNZ); 1 male, west end, Te Waewae Bay, scrub at night, 19 October 1969, P. M. Johns (MONZ; measured).	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFECFFE76990975D0D30FEDC.taxon	description	Description: As for Marples (1944), with the following additions: Prosoma length 3.0; prosoma width 3.3; body length 6.5. Chelicera: segment I 6.3, segment II 8.0. Pedipalp (Fig. 10 b): femur 4.4, patella 1.7, tibia 2.5, tarsus 5.2. Femur denticulate both dorsally and ventrally; patella with short finger-like mediodistal apophysis. Legs: leg I femur 8.5, patella 2.5, tibia 8.3; leg II femur 12.5, patella 2.6, tibia 13.0; leg III femur 6.6, patella 1.8, tibia 7.3; leg IV femur 9.6, patella 2.4, tibia 10.0. Distitarsus I with terminal spinose apophyses. Penis (Fig. 10 c, d): Shaft and tendon elongate; bristle groups relatively long; glans short, subtriangular in ventral view, relatively narrow in lateral view.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
039487F3FFECFFE76990975D0D30FEDC.taxon	discussion	Comments: This species was suggested to belong to Forsteropsalis by Taylor (2011) but its identity was then considered uncertain. It was later formally reassigned on the basis of molecular data by Giribet et al. (2021 b). The holotype of Megalopsalis marplesi is held at the Otago Museum, though at the time that I had an opportunity to examine it (May 2014), it was contained in a glass apothecary’s jar that had been sealed with wax. This wax could not be removed in the brief time available, so I was only able to observe the holotype through the jar and could not examine close details. Nevertheless, enough could be discerned to confirm the validity of Giribet et al. ’ s (2021 b) reclassification, albeit with the further revision that M. marplesi belongs to the cluster of species here designated Ungoliant, and to establish its identity with other specimens collected in Fiordland. Ungoliant turneri is most readily distinguished from its congeners by its more southerly distribution, though the glans of the penis also appears narrower in lateral view than that of U. fabulosa and U. bona, and the spinose apophyses on distitarsus I are longer than those in other species (Taylor & Probert 2014). Ungoliant turneri was described by Marples (1944) as having less inflated chelicerae than U. fabulosa, with less bow-shaped fingers. However, specimens from Mt Balloon Caves exhibited more inflated chelicerae than the holotype, and a similar specimen of U. turneri was illustrated by Vélez et al. (2014). Considering the existence of similar variation within U. photophaga, it is possible that U. fabulosa and U. bona may also prove to be polymorphic.	en	Taylor, Christopher K. (2025): Further discussion of relationships within Australasian Neopilionidae (Opiliones: Phalangioidea), with description of two new species and eight new genera. Zootaxa 5631 (1): 52-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.1.2
