identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038887A147415A1276EBFC1E84CFFABF.text	038887A147415A1276EBFC1E84CFFABF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphis fabae Scopoli 1763	<div><p>Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763</p><p>Apterae exhibit a subdued black colouration, occasionally with white wax markings. Their body length ranges from 1.5 to 3.1 mm. This species presents numerous subspecies, contributing to a complex taxonomic situation. Being polyphagous, it demonstrates a broad spectrum of secondary hosts (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). With an almost global distribution, this aphid species has been documented in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, as well as in South America and Africa (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). While it exhibits a widespread distribution across all provinces in Iran, its presence on Carthamus has only been in Isfahan and Kermanshah (Samii, 1992; Ghahramani Nezhad et al., 2012).</p><p>Material examined. ARG00582: Iran, Isfahan province, Isfahan, on Carthamus sp., 10-XII-2002, leg. Mohsen Mehrparvar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147415A1276EBFC1E84CFFABF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A147415A1276EBFAC08678F95E.text	038887A147415A1276EBFAC08678F95E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphis solanella Theobald 1914	<div><p>Aphis solanella Theobald, 1914</p><p>Apterae display a subdued black colouration, occasionally featuring white wax markings, with a body length ranging from 1.2 to 2.6 mm. This species is found on a diverse array of herbaceous plants, sharing habitats with its close relative Aphis fabae . Notably, it distinctly colonizes Solanum nigrum and Fallopia convolvulus (Stroyan 1984; Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). It is distributed in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). Although it is widely distributed across all provinces in Iran, its occurrence on Carthamus has been documented exclusively in Fars (Goodarzifar et al., 2010) and Sistan and Baluchestan (Bameri Din, 2020).</p><p>Material examined. ARG00213: Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Bampur, alt. 518 m., on Carthamus tinctorius, 24-III-2019, leg. Zeinab Bameri.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147415A1276EBFAC08678F95E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A147415A1376EBF8A184EEFED0.text	038887A147415A1376EBF8A184EEFED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protaphis anuraphoides (Nevsky 1928)	<div><p>Protaphis anuraphoides (Nevsky, 1928)</p><p>Apterae display shades of green to dark green, adorned with a mealy wax coating, with a body length ranging from 1.5 to 2.1 mm. Notably, it bears a close resemblance to P. carthami . This species predominantly inhabits plants belonging to various Asteraceae genera within the tribe Cardueae, including Carthamus, Carduus, Cirsium, Cousinia, and Onopordum . They are commonly found in abundance on the upper sides of leaves, stems, and flowerheads. This aphid species is reported in Ukraine, southern Russia, and southwestern and Central Asia (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). This species has been reported in Alborz, Lorestan, and West Azerbaijan provinces in Iran (Mehrparvar, 2024a), but its occurrence on Carthamus has been observed exclusively in Urmia, West Azerbaijan (Rezwani &amp; Parvizi, 1990).</p><p>Material. Not examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147415A1376EBF8A184EEFED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A147405A13761AF9FF84EEF826.text	038887A147405A13761AF9FF84EEF826.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acyrthosiphon ilka subsp. ilka Mordvilko 1914	<div><p>Acyrthosiphon ilka ilka Mordvilko, 1914</p><p>Syn.: Acyrthosiphon bidentis Eastop, 1953</p><p>Apterae are green, often with darker green dorsal cross-bands. Body length is 1.4–2.7 mm. This aphid lives on various plant species belonging to different families such as Papaveraceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Linaceae (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024) . It is distributed in southern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, Pakistan, south Siberia, China and Africa (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). In Iran, this species is reported from Alborz, Kerman, Khuzestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Tehran, and West Azerbaijan provinces (Mehrparvar, 2024a).</p><p>Material. Not examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147405A13761AF9FF84EEF826	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A147405A13761AFBCC84EEF981.text	038887A147405A13761AFBCC84EEF981.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protaphis pseudocardui (Theobald 1915)	<div><p>Protaphis pseudocardui (Theobald, 1915)</p><p>Apterae display a distinctive dark green or brown hue covered with a layer of grey mealy wax, featuring short black siphunculi. Additionally, there is commonly a pair of dark spots on the dorsal abdomen, just anterior to the siphunculi, with a body length ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 mm. These aphids form often densely populated colonies on stems, upper sides of leaves, flowerheads, or root collars of various Asteraceae plants and are ant-attended. Their presence has been documented in Africa, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Georgia. It is worth noting that some of these records might be attributed to other closely related species, such as those within the terricola group (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). In Iran, this species is only reported from Razavi Khorasan (Mortazavi et al., 2015) and Tehran (Rezwani et al., 1994) provinces.</p><p>Material. Not examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147405A13761AFBCC84EEF981	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A147405A14761AF879878FFDBA.text	038887A147405A14761AF879878FFDBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachycaudus (Prunaphis) cardui (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Brachycaudus (Prunaphis) cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Apterae found on herbaceous plants exhibit a glossy black dorsal surface, while their ventral side appears light green to yellowish or reddish (immatures display green or reddish colour). They measure between 1.9 and 2.3 mm in body length. Brachycaudus cardui thrives in dense colonies attended by ants, residing on the stems and leaves of numerous plant species, especially on Asteraceae and Boraginaceae . This species is distributed across Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). While it is prevalent across all provinces in Iran, the occurrence of this species on Carthamus has solely been documented by Sedighi et al. (2020) exclusively in North Khorasan province.</p><p>Material examined. ARG00580: Iran, North Khorasan province, Asadli, alt. 1910 m., on Carthamus lanatus, 6-I-2017, leg. Neda Sedighi. ARG00581: Iran, North Khorasan province, Asadli, alt. 1910 m., on Carthamus lanatus, 6-I-2017, leg. Neda Sedighi.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147405A14761AF879878FFDBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A147475A1476EAFDFD849FFB26.text	038887A147475A1476EAFDFD849FFB26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach 1843)	<div><p>Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843)</p><p>Apterae display a remarkably variable range of pale colours, including pale green, pale yellow, whitish, or pinkish, with a body length ranging from 0.9 to 2.0 mm. In the Iranian population, there are some biometric differences compared to what is mentioned in the literature. In the Iranian population, the ratio of SIPH/Cauda and ANTIII/HTII is 1.7–2.14 and 2.4–2.77, respectively, whereas these ratios are 0.8–1.5 and 0.9–2.2 in Blackman &amp; Eastop (2024). Heie (1992) mentioned the URS/HTII ratio as 1.2–1.3 for B. helichrysi in the key for species of Brachycaudus . However, in the examined specimens in this study, this ratio was found to be 1.38–1.41. They are commonly found on stems and in flowerheads of numerous plant species, particularly those belonging to Asteraceae and Boraginaceae, but also on many others. This species has a global distribution and is recognized as a significant agricultural pest (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). While widely distributed across all provinces in Iran, the presence of this species on Carthamus so far has been exclusively documented in Fars province by Goodarzifar et al. (2010), therefore this is the first report of this aphid species on Carthamus in Kerman province. In addition, there has not been any record of this aphid species on C. tinctorius in Iran so far; therefore, this association is new for Iran.</p><p>Material examined. ARG00583: Iran, Kerman province, Mahan, alt. 1929 m., on Carthamus tinctorius, 2- IX-2015, leg. Zahra Gorji.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147475A1476EAFDFD849FFB26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A147475A1476EBF9648499F79F.text	038887A147475A1476EBF9648499F79F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer 1776)	<div><p>Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776)</p><p>Apterae display a range of colours, including whitish, pale yellowish-green to mid-green, rose-pink, or red, with a body length ranging from 1.2 to 2.1 mm. In terms of its biology, this species stands out as the most polyphagous aphid globally. It has a heteroecious holocyclic life cycle, migrating to secondary hosts across more than 40 different plant families, and plays a crucial role as a vector for numerous plant viruses (van Emden &amp; Harrington, 2007). Regarding its distribution, this species is found worldwide (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). However, it is widely distributed in Iran, but its occurrence on Carthamus is reported only in Fars (Goodarzifar, 2010) and Kermanshah (Ghahramani Nezhad et al., 2012) provinces.</p><p>Material. Not examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A147475A1476EBF9648499F79F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A1474B5A1876EAFB6E8499F906.text	038887A1474B5A1876EAFB6E8499F906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uroleucon (Uromelan) compositae (Theobald 1915)	<div><p>Uroleucon (Uromelan) compositae (Theobald, 1915)</p><p>Apterae display a glossy, very dark red to almost black colour, featuring black siphunculi and cauda, with a body length ranging from 1.9 to 4.1 mm. These aphids are commonly found on flower stems and, in limited numbers, along the mid-ribs of leaves, predominantly on a diverse array of Asteraceae in tropical and subtropical climates. Particularly, they inhabit plants growing in moist or shady conditions towards the end of the dry season. Notably, this species acts as a pest of cultivated safflower i.e. Carthamus tinctorius in India (Blackman &amp; Eastop 2000). Occasionally, it is observed on non-composite plants such as Malva and Morus . Its distribution spans across Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and it has also been recorded in Sicily, Türkiye, Iran, Réunion, Mauritius, Taiwan, and South America (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). In Iran, this aphis has been reported in some provinces including Alborz, Gilan, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Markazi, Mazandaran and Tehran (Mehrparvar, 2024a).</p><p>Material. Not examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A1474B5A1876EAFB6E8499F906	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A1474B5A1876EAFCF18499FB2C.text	038887A1474B5A1876EAFCF18499FB2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uroleucon cichorii (Koch 1855)	<div><p>Uroleucon cichorii (Koch, 1855)</p><p>Apterae exhibit a shining metallic brown colour with black antennae and siphunculi, complemented by black legs, except for dusky/dark coxae, pale trochanters, and basal halves of femora. Cauda is pale yellow, and their body length ranges from 2.7 to 4.7 mm. These aphids are typically found on the upper parts of stems of Cichorium and related genera of Cichorieae . Their distribution spans Europe, southwest and central Asia, Eritrea, Mongolia, Korea, and east Siberia (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). This aphid species has been reported on Carthamus in Iran by Hodjat (1993) and Rezwani (1987), yet considering its biology and host association further investigations are required for confirmation.</p><p>Material. Not examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A1474B5A1876EAFCF18499FB2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
038887A1474A5A197619FD7E84DBF852.text	038887A1474A5A197619FD7E84DBF852.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protrama radicis (Kaltenbach 1843)	<div><p>Protrama radicis (Kaltenbach, 1843)</p><p>Apterae exhibit a colour range from dirty white to pale yellow or pale brownish-green, accompanied by brown siphuncular cones, with a body length spanning from 2.5 to 3.4 mm. The majority of apterae show some degree of alatiform characteristics, while true alatae remain undiscovered. These aphids form colonies attended by ants on the roots of various Asteraceae within the Cynareae subfamily (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). This species is documented in Europe (excluding the Iberian peninsula), as well as in southwest and central Asia (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). This aphid species has a wide distribution in Iran, but its occurrence on Carthamus is only reported by Hodjat (1993) (p. 100), without specifying the locality.</p><p>Material. Not examined.</p><p>Suspicious records</p><p>Amphorophora sp. Rezwani (1987) reported Amphorophora sp. on C. tinctorius in Varamin, Tehran province. The genus Amphorophora encompasses approximately 27 species primarily associated with Rubus, ferns, and a limited number of plants within the Rosaceae family. However, none of these species has been documented on any plants belonging to the Asteraceae family (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). Hence, the likelihood of a species from this genus being present on Carthamus is highly improbable. This report could potentially stem from misidentification or the inadvertent mixing of aphid samples during the collection process.</p><p>Macrosiphoniella sp. Sedighi et al. (2020) in their paper indicated the presence of a Macrosiphoniella species on Carthamus lanatus in North Khorasan province. As of now, no reports exist of any species belonging to this genus on Carthamus globally (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024), even though Macrosiphoniella aphids mostly colonize plants within the Asteraceae family. Further comprehensive investigations are essential in this regard.</p><p>Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach, 1846) . Apterae exhibit a yellowish-white colour, occasionally with a pale green median stripe, and sometimes appear greenish; their body length ranges from 1.4 to 2.6 mm. They are typically found on the undersides of lower leaves of Artemisia vulgaris and occasionally on other Artemisia spp. However, Rezwani (2010) in his book reported this aphid species on C. tinctorius from Tehran. According to Blackman &amp; Eastop (2024), records on plants from genera other than Artemisia are deemed likely to involve vagrants or stem from potential misidentifications. This species is distributed across Europe and throughout Asia to Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan, with introductions to eastern North America. It is also present in Argentina and Uruguay (Blackman &amp; Eastop, 2024). In Iran, this aphid was reported from Guilan, Mazandaran and Tehran provinces (Mehrparvar, 2024a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887A1474A5A197619FD7E84DBF852	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mehrparvar, Mohsen;Mirtadzadini, Mansour	Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Mirtadzadini, Mansour (2024): Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3): 467-483, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.3.467, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.467
