identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038B874AFFDAFFACCC28FA73FA9B83BE.text	038B874AFFDAFFACCC28FA73FA9B83BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes Gray 1821	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  CYCLOPES GRAY, 1821</p>
            <p> Myrmecophaga Linnaeus, 1758: 35 . In part. </p>
            <p> Mirmecophaga Brongniart, 1792: 115 . In part. Incorrect subsequent spelling of  Myrmecophaga Linnaeus, 1758 .  Cyclopes Gray, 1821: 305 . Type species  Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 , by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Cyclothurus Gray, 1825: 343 . Nomen nudum. </p>
            <p> Didactyles F. Cuvier, 1829: 501 . Based on ‘Les Didactyles’. </p>
            <p> Myrmydon Wagler, 1830: 36 . Type species  Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 , by monotypy.  Myrmecolichnus Reichenbach, 1836: 51 . Type species  Myrmecolichnus didactylus Reichenbach, 1836 (=  Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 ), by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Eurypterna Gloger, 1841: 112 . Type species  Eurypterna didactyla Gloger, 1841 (=  Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 ), by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Cyclothurus Lesson, 1842: 152 . Type species  Cyclothurus didactyla Lesson, 1842 (=  Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 ), by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Myrmidon Cabrera, 1958: 206 . Attributed to Wagner 1844: 211. Incorrect subsequent spelling of  Myrmydon Wagler, 1830 . </p>
            <p> Cycloturus Sclater, 1871: 546 . Unjustified emendation of  Cyclothurus Lesson, 1842 . </p>
            <p> Didactyla Liais, 1872: 356 . Type species  Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 , by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Mamcyclothurus Herrera, 1899: 19. Unavailable name (Gardner 2007).</p>
            <p> Cycloturus Goeldi &amp; Hagmann, 1904: 97 . Incorrect spelling of  Cyclothurus Lesson.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 , by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: The smallest of vermilinguans, with average length of 430 mm and average mass of 235 g. Skull compact anteroposteriorly, with rostrum relatively short, not extremely elongated as other vermilinguans. Dense, silky pelage, manus with two well-developed digits and only four digits in the pes, presence of a prehensile tail. Jugals absent, zygomatic process of squamosal straight or dorsally inclined (instead of ventrally inclined, as in other vermilinguans), posterior margin of the palate formed by the palatines and not the pterygoids, extremely anteroposteriorly expanded ribs.</p>
            <p> Remarks: See  C. didactylus remarks below. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFDAFFACCC28FA73FA9B83BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFDAFFB0CE82FAECFAB586AC.text	038B874AFFDAFFB0CE82FAECFAB586AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes didactylus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CYCLOPES DIDACTYLUS (LINNAEUS, 1758)</p>
            <p>(FIG. 10)</p>
            <p> [  Myrmecophaga ]  didactyla Linnaeus, 1758: 35 . Type locality ‘America australi’, restricted to Suriname by Thomas (1911). </p>
            <p> Mirmecophaga dydactyla Brongniart, 1792: 115 . Incorrect subsequent spelling of  didactyla Linnaeus, 1758 . </p>
            <p> Myrmecophaga monodactyla Kerr, 1792: 105 . Type locality unknown. </p>
            <p> Myrmecophaga unicolor Desmarest, 1822: 375 , footnote. Type locality unknown. Name attributed to É. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire. </p>
            <p> Eurypterna didactyla : Gloger, 1841: 112. Name combination. </p>
            <p> Cyclothurus didactyla : Lesson, 1842: 152. Name combination. </p>
            <p> Cyclothurus fulvus Macalister, 1875: 492 . Nomen nudum. </p>
            <p>Mamcyclothurus didactylos Herrera, 1899: 19. Unavailable name (Gardner 2007).</p>
            <p> C [yclopes].  didactylus : Thomas, 1900 d: 302. First use of current name combination. </p>
            <p> 
Cyclopes didactylus melini 
Lönnberg, 1928: 15 . Type locality ‘ S. Gabriel,  Rio Negro’ , Amazonas, Brazil. </p>
            <p> Cyclopes pygmaeus Cameron, 1939: 249 . Nomen nudum. </p>
            <p> Holotype: As is usual for many species described by Linnaeus,  C. didactylus lacks a holotype specimen. It is generally agreed that Linnaeus (1758) based his description on a plate by Albertus Seba (1734 –1765), although a specimen of the Museum Adolphi Frederici, described in a published catalogue of the Sweden King’s collection, is also referred to (see below). All material in this collection has been transferred to the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (NRM) in Stockholm, Sweden. An analysis of the skins and skulls of NRM did not locate the referred specimen. Therefore, no name-bearing type specimen is currently known for this species. The type locality assigned by Linnaeus (1758) was America australi (South America), but Thomas (1911) restricted it to Suriname. Therefore, we selected a specimen from this locality and designate it a neotype for  C. didactylus , in accordance with Article 75 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). </p>
            <p>  Neotype and type locality: Stuffed skin and skull of an adult female, housed at the  Field Museum of Natural History , in Chicago, catalogue number 93175, collected by Harry A. Beatty in 29 September 1960, at the Kayser-Gebergte Airstrip, Suriname (Figs 11, 26). </p>
            <p> Referred specimens:   Neotype: FMNH (993175), Suriname; Brazil: MNRJ (17294), Maceió, Alagoas, MZUSP (7523, 19942), Manimbu, Alagoas; MNRJ (17295), Rio São Francisco, Alagoas; MNRJ (17293), Viçosa, Alagoas; MNRJ (20593), Ilha do Brigue, Amapá; MZUSP (4679, 4699, 19933), Itacoatiara, Amazonas; MZUSP (7120),  Lago do Batista , Amazonas; FMNH (34248, 34249), Manaus, Amazonas; INPA (191, 4075), Manaus, Amazonas; MPEG (1481),  Santa Izabel do Rio Negro (left margin of  Rio Negro ), MZUSP (3176, 3177, 3178),  Humberto de Campos , Maranhão; MNRJ (2351, 2352, 2354), Abaeté, Pará; MNRJ (2350),  Araguaia River , Pará; AMNH (96470, 96471), Baiao, Pará; MVZ (121210), Belém, Pará; AMHN (37474, 203377), Belém, Pará; MPEG (425, 427, 2333, 2410), Belém, Pará; MZUSP (8680, 8681, 24137), Belém, Pará; MZUSP (4696), Bravo, Pará; AMHN (96444, 96445, 96446, 96448, 96449, 96450, 96451, 96452, 96453, 96454, 96455, 96456, 96457, 96458, 96459, 96460, 96461, 96462, 96463, 96464, 96465, 96466, 96467), Cametá, Pará; FMNH (50907), Cametá, Pará; MNRJ (2349, 5966), Cametá, Pará; MPEG (33940, 33941), Cametá, Pará; MZUSP (4675, 4676, 4677, 4678, 4680, 4681, 4682, 4683, 4684, 4685, 4686, 4687, 4689, 4690, 4691, 4692, 4693, 4694, 4695, 4697, 4698, 4701, 4702, 4703, 19932), Cametá, Pará; MPEG (2335), Castanhal, Pará; AMHN (95506),  Igarapé do Amorim , Pará; FMNH (24796, 34247),  Ilha das Onças , Pará; MNRJ (2345),  Ilha das Onças , Pará; AMHN (133505),  Ilha de Marajó , Pará; MNRJ (4910),  Ilha de Marajó , Pará; MNRJ (2347),  Ilha do Mosqueiro ; MPEG (38374), Jurití, Pará; AMNH (96468, 96469), Macajuba, Pará; MPEG (38181), Marabá, Pará; MPEG (716, 1190), Marambaia, Pará; MNRJ (23968), Santarém, Pará; MPEG (1955), Tomé-Açu, Pará; INPA (393), Trombetas, Pará; MPEG (12406), Tucuruí, Pará; FMNH (19500), Pará; MNRJ (2346, 2348), Pará; USMN (545910), Pará; MZUSP (8451), Mamanguape, Paraíba; French Guiana: FMNH (21719), Cayenne; AMNH (1998, 48388); Suriname: FMNH (993175),  Zuid River ; Trinidad and Tobago: AMNH (30744), Aripo; AMNH (186442), Cumana; AMNH (130107); AMNH (174172, 174173, 174183),  Ilha de Maingot ; FMNH (61853, 61854); USNM (102083, 270995); Venezuela: USNM (406494), Acanana; AMNH (77354, 77355), Atabato; AMNH (16129), Bolivar; USNM (296611, 296612), Caicara; AMNH (77356), Esmeralda; USNM (282157), Monagas; AMNH (16956, 16957), Raul Leoni; USNM (143740, 143741), Suapure. </p>
            <p> Distribution:  Cyclopes didactylus appears to have a disjunct distribution in South America. It occurs in the northern Amazon Forest, left margin of Negro, Uaupés and at both sides of Orinoco Rivers, towards northern Venezuela, and the Guianas, including also the island of Trinidad. It also occurs on the right side of the Amazon River, in northeastern Amazon of Brazil (Pará State) towards the Brazilian states of Maranhão and Piauí, with a disjunct population in the northeastern Atlantic Forest, including the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas (Fig. 27). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: General colour brownish-yellow in dorsal and ventral views, rump, legs and tail grey. Dorsal stripe irregular, but distinctive, dorsal and ventral black stripes evident. Fronto-nasal region of the skull is depressed, with a concave profile. External aperture of the ear directed anteriorly. Naso-maxillary sutures divergent proximally, with very short fronto-maxillary suture. Fronto-parietal suture with trapezoidal shape and pterygoid bone partially overlaps tympanic bulla.</p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Cyclopes didactylus is the only  Cyclopes species with both dorsal and ventral dark stripes clearly marked.  Cyclopes xinguensis sp.nov. also have both stripes, but the ventral stripe is faint and irregular. Besides, the coloration of  C. xinguensis is greyish, in contrast with the yellowish tone of the dorsum and grey limbs of  C. didactylus . However, some populations of  C. didactylus may have an indistinct ventral stripe or lack it entirely (see below), which is similar to  C. dorsalis . However, the dorsal stripe of  C. dorsalis is paler, and the body coloration is more brightly yellow than  C. didactylus . </p>
            <p> Remarks: The species was described by Linnaeus (1758) as  Myrmecophaga didactyla , described as ‘ M[anibus].  palmis didactylis,  palmis tetradactylis ’, referring to the two digits on the manus and four on the pes. Linnaeus based his description on a plate by Albertus Seba (1734 –1765: pl.XXXVII, fig. 3) (Fig. 12). Linnaeus also refers to a specimen of the Museum Adolphi Frederici, described in a published catalogue of the Sweden King’s collection as: </p>
            <p> {Magnitudo Sciuri aut Felis minoris.  Color griseus . Aures parvae. Pedes omnes, ursi instar, </p>
            <p>talis incedentes. Palmis unguibus duobus exteriore duplo majore. Plantis unguibus quat-</p>
            <p>uor aequalibus, digitis coadunatis. Cauda longitudine fere corporis, pilis brevibus, ut corpus, vestita, non vero vulpina aut pilosa}.</p>
            <p>The type locality assigned by Linnaeus was America australi (South America), but Thomas (1911) restricted it to Suriname, based on the description of Seba’s plate, and since he usually received his material from Suriname, it is considered a plausible origin for the specimen that is illustrated in the Thesaurus. Oldfield Thomas also pointed out that Linnaeus’ description was based on the specimen at the Adolphi Frederici Museum, referring to the previously mentioned catalogue.</p>
            <p> Following Linnaeus tenth edition of Systema Naturae (1758), the name  Myrmecophaga didactyla is recognized as the first valid species name for  C. didactylus . Brongniart (1792) misspelled it as  Myrmecophaga dydactyla . In the same year, Kerr (1792) discussed differences between the drawings of Buffon (1763: pl. XXX) and Thomas Pennant (1793: pl. XCV) in respect of the number of toes on the manus of  Myrmecophaga didactyla : the former depicted the animal with a single claw and the latter with two. Although Kerr (1792) states that he could not elucidate the reason for this difference and that the drawing of Buffon could represent a mutilated dry skin, he suggests the possibility of the existence of a second species and that it would deserve the name  Myrmecophaga monodactyla . However, Buffon’s illustrations clearly refer to a two-clawed specimen, as depicted in plate XXXII and, specially, in plate XXXIII (Buffon, 1763), where the limb skeletons of  Myrmecophaga didactyla are depicted, clearly showing two digits (Fig. 13A–C). </p>
            <p> Desmarest (1822), in a footnote, attributes to É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire the name  Myrmecophaga unicolor , while specifically mentioning the presence of a dorsal stripe in  Myrmecophaga didactyla . According to Desmarest, É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire considered specimens that lack the dorsal band to be a different species. No specific citation was provided to confirm this assertion.  Myrmecophaga unicolor is mentioned in some later works, such as in Lesson (1827), where it is postulated that in Cayenne (French Guiana) the stripeless variety is considered the female of  Myrmecophaga didactyla , and in Smith (1827), where the name is attributed to a manuscript (possibly meaning unpublished) by É. Geoffroy. </p>
            <p> Different name combinations, such as  Myrmecolichnus didactylus (Reichenbach, 1836) ,  Eurypterna didactyla (Gloger, 1841) and  Cyclothurus didactyla (Lesson, 1842) , were proposed, but always referred to the type originally described by Linnaeus (1758). Oldfield Thomas (1900) was the first to use the current name combination,  Cyclopes didactylus , while describing a new subspecies. Macalister (1875) mentions the dissection of a  Cyclothurus fulvus , which he compares with  Cyclothurus didactylus , but without further elaboration. The name itself does not appear anywhere else in the literature and is thus considered a nomen nudum. Cameron (1939), in a study about parasites from Trinidad, mentions the name of the species  Cyclopes pygmaeus , even stating that  C. didactylus would be synonymous, but no further comments are made. It is also considered here a nomen nudum. </p>
            <p> In 1928, Lönnberg described the subspecies  C. didactylus melini , with the holotype from São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon. The description provided and the holotype conforms well with  C. didactylus , with the yellowish body, grey limbs and dorsal stripe. However, the specimen lacks a ventral stripe. Given that other characters, including characters from the skull, agree more with a  C. didactylus identity, we consider  C. didactylus melini as synonymous with  C. didactylus . Other specimens here attributed to  C. didactylus also have an indistinct or absent ventral stripe (Supporting Information, File 33); therefore, its absence is attributed to a variation within the species, pending further data. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFDAFFB0CE82FAECFAB586AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFC6FFB2CEC4FE12FBD88692.text	038B874AFFC6FFB2CEC4FE12FBD88692.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes ida Thomas 1900	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CYCLOPES IDA THOMAS, 1900</p>
            <p>(FIG. 14)</p>
            <p> 
Cyclopes didactylus ida 
Thomas 1900: 302 . Type locality ‘  Sarayacu , Upper Pastaza River’, Ecuador. </p>
            <p> 
Cyclopes didactylus codajazensis 
Lönnberg, 1942: 46 . Type locality ‘  Rio Solimoes , Codajaz’, Amazonas, Brazil. </p>
            <p> Cyclopes juruanus Lönnberg 1942: 47 . Type localities ‘Rio Juruá, João Pessoa. Rio Juruá, Rio Eirú, Santo Antonio’, Amazonas State, Brazil; restricted to the Rio Juruá by Cabrera (1958) and to João Pessoa, Rio Juruá by Gardner (2007). </p>
            <p> Cyclopes didactylus jurnanus Cabrera 1958: 207 . Incorrect subsequent spelling of  juruanus Lönnberg 1942 . </p>
            <p> Holotype: Female, BMNH (80.5.6.67), collected by Mr Clarence Bukley (Fig. 15).</p>
            <p> Type locality: ‘Sarayacu, Upper Pastaza  River’, Pastaza, Ecuador . </p>
            <p> Referred specimens:   Holotype: BMNH (80.5.6.67), Sarayacu, Ecuador; Brazil: FMNH (20033), Plácido de Castro, Acre; MZUSP (19943), Cantagalo, Amazonas; NRM (1089, C. d. codajazensis Holotype), Codajás, Amazonas; MPEG (1905), Iauaretê, Amazonas; NRM (2389, C. d.  juruanus Holotype), João Pessoa,  Amazonas ; INPA (189, 202),  Lago Amanã ,  Amazonas ; MNRJ (5965),  Lago do Batista ,  Amazonas ; MZUSP (4256, 4258),  Manacapuru ,  Amazonas ; AMNH (78636),  São Gabriel da Cachoeira (right margin of  Rio Negro ),  Amazonas ; Colombia: AMNH (33918),  Morelia , Caqueta; AMNH (207930),  Leticia ; AMNH (133484),  Restrepo , Meta; AMNH (139228), Meta; Peru: AMNH (98523, 167845, 204662),  Iquitos , Loreto; FMNH (89172),  Iquitos , Loreto; AMNH (30107, 75281, 98519, 98521, 98524, 98525, 98526), Loreto; MVZ (157801),  Río Santiago , AMNH (98518, 98520), Ucayali. </p>
            <p> Distribution: The majority of the known distribution of  C. ida covers areas south of the Negro and Uaupés Rivers (right bank), but a sample from Restrepo, Colombia indicates a northern reach for the species, although the precise limit is unknown. The southern limit is at Juruá River at the western portion of the distribution, and possibly at the Amazon River in the eastern portion. In addition, there is a record in the forests of eastern Andes, which is the western limit of the distribution for this species (Fig. 27). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Dorsal pelage, legs and tail usually grey. Underparts light yellow, without a ventral stripe. Dorsal stripe, when present, indistinct and subsided into the dorsal fur. Fronto-nasal region of the skull depressed, with a concave profile. External aperture of the ear directed laterally. Naso-maxillary sutures approximately parallel, forming a wide fronto-maxillary suture. Fronto-parietal suture with horseshoe shape, and pterygoid bone partially overlaps tympanic bulla.</p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Cyclopes ida usually lacks both dorsal and ventral stripes. However, unlike the bright reddish yellow coloration of  Cyclopes rufus sp. nov. , and the yellowish tone, with grey legs and tail, seen in  Cyclopes thomasi sp. nov. , the coloration of  C. ida is mostly greyish yellow, with a yellow venter. </p>
            <p> Remarks: Based on four specimens, Thomas (1900) described the subspecies  Cyclopes didactylus ida from Ecuador with general colour more similar to C. d.  didactylus than C. d.  dorsalis .  Cyclopes didactylus codajazensis was described in 1942 by Lönnberg. The description closely matches  C. ida , with a uniformly grey body, limbs and tail and absence of ventral stripe. Despite Lönnberg (1942) stating the presence of a clearly marked dorsal stripe, examination of the holotype specimen (NRM 1089) reveals it to be much more indistinct, in conformation with the condition usually found in  C. ida . The similarities were recognized by Cabrera (1958), who synonymized C. d. codajazensis with  C. ida . Gardner (2007), however, suggested that C. d. codajazensis was synonymous with C. d  catellus . Given the many differences between  C. catellus and the holotype of C. d. codajazensis (see below), and the similarities of the latter with  C. ida , including cranial characters, we tend to agree with Cabrera (1958) and consider C. d. codajazensis synonymous with  C. ida . In the same article, in which he described  Cyclopes didactylus codajazensis, Lönnberg (1942) also described a new species,  Cyclopes juruanus , based on three specimens collected along the Juruá River, in Brazil. Lönnberg (1942) emphasised the many subtle variations in the pelage of the specimens, particularly on the brownish hue of the dorsal fur. However, an examination of the type specimens revealed a more brownish-grey tone, not unlike that found in other specimens of  C. ida . The ventral stripe, also highlighted by Lönnberg (1942), is, however, indistinct and poorly defined and may be absent altogether. Cranial characters tend to agree with a  C. ida identification. Gardner (2007) also considered  C. juruanus a synonym of  C. didactylus ida , and we tend to agree. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFC6FFB2CEC4FE12FBD88692	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFC4FFB4CEAFFDB3FE8484E0.text	038B874AFFC4FFB4CEAFFDB3FE8484E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes dorsalis (Gray 1865)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CYCLOPES DORSALIS (GRAY, 1865)</p>
            <p>(FIG. 16)</p>
            <p> Cyclothurus dorsalis Gray, 1865: 385 . Type locality ‘Costa Rica’. </p>
            <p> C [yclopes]. d [idactylus].  dorsalis : Thomas, 1900: 302. Name combination. </p>
            <p> Cyclopes dorsalis : Bangs, 1902: 20. First use of current name combination. </p>
            <p> Cyclopes didactylus eva Thomas, 1902: 250 . Type locality ‘Rio Tapayo, N. W. Ecuador’. </p>
            <p> [  Cyclopes didactylus ]  dorsalis : Trouessart, 1905: 803. Name combination. </p>
            <p> 
Cyclopes mexicanus 
Hollister, 1914: 210 . Type locality ‘ Tehuantepee, Oaxaca,  Mexico’ . </p>
            <p> Cyclopes didactylus mexicanus : Krumbiegel, 1940: 181. Name combination. </p>
            <p> Holotype: Female, BMNH (65.5.18.14), collected by Goodwin in 1946 (Fig. 17).</p>
            <p>Type locality: ‘Costa Rica’.</p>
            <p> Referred specimens:   Holotype: BMNH (65.5.18.14), Costa Rica; Belize: USNM (583067), Toledo; Colombia: FMNH (69971, 71002), Antioquia; LACM (27345, 56112), Magdalena; USNM (554227), Narino; FMNH (69969), Unguia; AMNH (37786), Valdivia; Costa Rica: AMNH (139460); BMNH (2.7.26.3, C. d. eva Holotype); Ecuador: AMNH (34298); FMNH (44056, 44055); USNM (121097, 11377); Guatemala: USNM (19456, 244949); Honduras: USNM (19472, 148761), Cortes; Mexico: MVZ (171801), La Poza, AMNH (214155); FMNH (64187, 64188); USNM [38534 (C. d.  mexicanus Holotype), 77089, 78111, 100040, 100172, 100173, 100174, 111377]. Nicaragua: AMNH (28480, 30755); USNM (337712, 338772); Panama: MNZ (116810, 116811),  Canal Zone ; AMNH (18887, 69581); FMNH (122699); USNM (200288, 248343, 283876, 292250, 292251, 292252, 294075, 297891, 297892, 304941, 305592, 310356, 310357, 314573, 314574, 314575, 314576, 396434, 460157, 460158, 516629, 575607). </p>
            <p>Distribution: This species, although mainly Central American in distribution, also occurs along the Pacific coast of Ecuador and Colombia, and in the Inter- Andean valleys of Colombia, extending northwards to southern Mexico (Fig. 27).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Fur of the body, limbs and tail is very deeply yellow, dorsal stripe irregular but distinctive and ventral stripe weakly marked or absent. Fronto-nasal region of the skull not depressed, with a straight profile. External aperture of the ear directed anteriorly. Naso-maxillary sutures divergent proximally, with very short fronto-maxillary suture. Fronto-parietal suture with triangular or trapezoidal shape, pterygoid bone does not overlap tympanic bulla.</p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Cyclopes dorsalis has a very distinctive yellowish tone throughout the whole body with no greyish parts, which, in combination with the presence of a dorsal stripe and absence or weak ventral stripe, characterize this species.  Cyclopes xinguensis sp. nov. also has only a dorsal stripe, but its coloration is mostly grey. </p>
            <p> Remarks: Gray (1865) described  Cyclothurus dorsalis as a new species from Central America based on the golden yellow back and always present, broad, dorsal black stripe and the yellow feet and tail, differing from  Cyclothurus didactylus , which possessed fulvous back and grey feet and tail. Trouessart (1899) lowered it to a subspecies (  Var. dorsalis ) of  Cycloturus [sic]. Bangs (1902) was the first to use the name combination  C. dorsalis , the same used here, keeping it as a separate species. Trouessart (1905) considered  C. dorsalis to be a subspecies of  C. didactylus , using the name  Cyclopes didactylus dorsalis . </p>
            <p> Oldfield Thomas (1902) described  Cyclopes didactylus eva as a new subspecies from the west of the Andes, in northwest Ecuador, and considered it an intermediate between C. d.  dorsalis and C. d.  didactylus and C. d.  ida . Given its distribution, continuous with the Central American populations and disjunct in relationship to the other South American populations of  Cyclopes , and characteristics (see description), which conform well to  C. dorsalis , it is here considered a synonym. Hollister (1914) described another species,  Cyclopes mexicanus , from southern Mexico, based on some coloration differences.  Cyclopes mexicanus was later considered a subspecies of  C. didactylus by Krumbiegel (1940). Both the skull and pelage coloration of  C. mexicanus also conform well to the characters of  C. dorsalis and is also here considered a synonymous of this species. However, since our molecular sample of  C. dorsalis consists of a single individual from ‘Esmeraldas’, in the forests of the Pacific coast of Ecuador, the present arrangement must be considered provisory, until further data permit a more complete analysis. We believe that the populations of  Cyclopes from the west of the Andes deserve further scrutiny to clarify their taxonomic status. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFC4FFB4CEAFFDB3FE8484E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFC2FFB4CC0AFC2CFDB78372.text	038B874AFFC2FFB4CC0AFC2CFDB78372.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes catellus Thomas 1928	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CYCLOPES CATELLUS THOMAS, 1928</p>
            <p>(FIG. 18)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFC2FFB4CC0AFC2CFDB78372	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFC2FFB4CDA0FBFFFA1D83FA.text	038B874AFFC2FFB4CDA0FBFFFA1D83FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. catellus Thomas 1928	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cyclopes didactylus catellus Thomas, 1928 a: 293 . </p>
            <p> Holotype: Female, BMNH (26.1.12.17), collected by J. Steimback (Fig. 19).</p>
            <p>Type locality: ‘Buenavista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia’.</p>
            <p> Referred specimens:   Holotype: BMNH (26.12.17), Santa Cruz,  Bolivia ; Bolivia: AMHN (262656), Beni; FMNH (51889, 51890), Santa Cruz; MNK (637, 4075), Santa Cruz; USNM (262493), Santa Cruz. </p>
            <p>Distribution: This species occurs in central Bolivia, probably inhabiting Andean slopes forests (Fig. 27).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: General colour brown-yellowish, tail and limbs more yellowish. Dorsal dark stripe absent, strongly developed and extensive sternal stripe present. Fronto-nasal region of the skull not depressed, with a straight profile. External aperture of the ear directed anteriorly. Naso-maxillary sutures divergent proximally, with a very short fronto-maxillary suture. Fronto-parietal suture with horseshoe shape, pterygoid bone overlaps tympanic bulla.</p>
            <p> Comparisons: The absence of a dorsal stripe and the presence of a well-developed ventral stripe, as well the brownish tone, make this species readily recognizable. The only other species of  Cyclopes with a ventral stripe and no dorsal stripe is  Cyclopes thomasi sp. nov. , but in the latter, the ventral stripe is faint and poorly developed, and the legs and tail are grey. </p>
            <p> Remarks:  Cyclopes didactylus catellus was described from the Santa Cruz region of Bolivia by Oldfield Thomas (1928), based on differences in pelage, shorter tail and absence of dorsal stripe, but with a clearly visible ventral (sternal) stripe, considered broader than in other taxa. Oldfield Thomas (1928) states that the </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFC2FFB4CDA0FBFFFA1D83FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFC1FFB7CC1AF9D4FABC81FA.text	038B874AFFC1FFB7CC1AF9D4FABC81FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes thomasi Miranda & Casali & Perini & Machado & Santos 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CYCLOPES THOMASI SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIG. 20)</p>
            <p> Holotype: Female, MZUSP (19944). Collected by Dr Paulo Emílio Vanzolini in 1985 (Figs 21, 26).</p>
            <p>Type locality: Porto Walter, Acre, Brazil.</p>
            <p> Referred specimens:   Holotype: MZUSP (19944)  Porto Walter , Acre,  Brazil ; Brazil: INPA (2876), Igarapé Porongaba, Acre; INPA (2877), Seringal Petropolis, </p>
            <p>Acre; MVZ (190355), Rio Juruá, Amazonas; Peru: USNM (364503), Pasco.</p>
            <p> Etymology: The specific name honours Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas, in recognition of his extensive contribution to mammalogy, and specifically to the taxonomy of  Cyclopes . </p>
            <p> Distribution:  Cyclopes thomasi occurs in western Amazon, from the north limit on the Juruá River to the southwest, in the Ucayali River region, in the provinces of Pasco and Ucayali (Peru). The western limits are unknown, but may not extend beyond the Madera River (Fig. 27). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Body colour strikingly orange to reddish-brown, legs and tail grey. Dorsal stripe absent. Ventral stripe little developed and faint. Fronto-nasal region of the skull not depressed, with a straight profile. External aperture of the ear directed anteriorly. Naso-maxillary sutures divergent proximally, with a very short fronto-maxillary suture. Fronto-parietal suture with triangular shape, pterygoid bone does not overlap tympanic bulla.</p>
            <p> Comparisons: The only other species of  Cyclopes with a ventral stripe and no dorsal stripe is  C. catellus , which, however, has a very marked and distinct ventral stripe and no greyish tone on the limbs and tail. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFC1FFB7CC1AF9D4FABC81FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFC1FFB8CEBCF930FEDC8664.text	038B874AFFC1FFB8CEBCF930FEDC8664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes rufus Miranda & Casali & Perini & Machado & Santos 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CYCLOPES RUFUS SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIG. 22)</p>
            <p> Holotype: Female, UFMG (6015). Collected by Eduardo Sábato (Figs 23, 26).</p>
            <p>
                 Type locality:   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.014725/lat -8.8544445)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.014725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.8544445">PortoVelho</a>
                 , Rondônia, Brazil (08°51′16″S; 064°00′53″W)  . 
            </p>
            <p> Referred specimens:   Holotype: UFMG (6015),  Porto Velho , Rondônia,  Brazil ; Brazil: UFRO (518), Espigão do Oeste, Rondônia; UFRO (17, 184, 326), Porto Velho, Rondônia. </p>
            <p> Etymology: The specific name  rufus (meaning ‘red’ in Latin) refers to the reddish tone of the dorsal coloration of this species. </p>
            <p>Distribution: Occurs in the interfluve between the Madeira and Aripuanã Rivers. The northern limit is possibly the Amazon River, and the southern limit is the Guaporé River (Fig. 27).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Dorsal colour of a distinct reddish tone, tail and limbs more yellowish red. Ventral and dorsal stripes absent. Fronto-nasal region of the skull not depressed, with a straight profile. External aperture of the ear directed laterally. Naso-maxillary sutures approximately parallel, with a wide fronto-maxillary suture. Fronto-parietal suture with trapezoidal shape, pterygoid bone does not overlap tympanic bulla.</p>
            <p> Comparisons: The absence of dorsal and ventral stripes and the striking reddish coloration of  Cyclopes rufus allow easy differentiation from other species of  Cyclopes .  Cyclopes ida also does not usually have dorsal and ventral stripes, but it has a more subdued coloration, being mainly grey with yellowish underparts. The body of  C. thomasi also has a reddish-brown tone, but the limbs and tail are grey and a faint ventral stripe is present. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFC1FFB8CEBCF930FEDC8664	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
038B874AFFCEFFB8CC1BFEB7FC0585E4.text	038B874AFFCEFFB8CC1BFEB7FC0585E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopes xinguensis Miranda & Casali & Perini & Machado & Santos 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CYCLOPES XINGUENSIS SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIG. 24)</p>
            <p> Holotype: Female, UFMG (4163). Collected by Dr Victor Yunes (Figs 25, 26).</p>
            <p>
                 Type locality:   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.896667/lat -3.2866666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.896667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.2866666">Vitória do Xingu</a>
                 , Pará, Brazil (Usina Belo Monte) (03°17′12″S; 051°53′48″W)  . 
            </p>
            <p> Referred specimens:   Holotype: UFMG (4163),  Vitória do Xingu ,  Pará ,  Brazil ; Brazil: AMNH (92885),  Parintins ,  Amazonas ; MZUSP (4700),  Caxiricatuba ,  Pará ; MZUSP (19934, 19935, 19936, 19937, 19938, 19939),  Fordlândia ,  Pará ; MPEG (38512),  Juriti ,  Pará ; UFMG (4164),  Porto de Moz ,  Pará ; MNJR (11587),  Santarém ,  Pará ; MUZSP (3691),  Santarém , Pará; MPEG (42641), Vitória do Xingu, Pará. </p>
            <p> Etymology: The specific epithet  xinguensis refers to the type locality of this species in Vitória do Xingu, Pará, Brazil. Xingu is an indigenous word meaning good and clean water. </p>
            <p>Distribution: This species is limited in the north by the Amazonas River, in the east by the Xingu River and in the west by the Madeira River. The southern limit is unknown (Fig. 27).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Dorsal coloration grey, yellow on the rump and venter pale yellowish. Legs and tail are grey. Dorsal stripe clearly marked and evident, ventral stripe indistinct and irregular. Fronto-nasal region of the skull not depressed, with a straight profile. External aperture of the ear directed laterally. Naso-maxillary sutures approximately parallel, with a wide fronto-maxillary suture. Fronto-parietal with a triangular shape, pterygoid bone overlaps tympanic bulla.</p>
            <p> Comparisons:  Cyclopes xinguensis is mostly grey, unlike most of the other species of  Cyclopes . Its colour is somewhat similar to  C. ida , but the rump is yellowish in  C. xinguensis and completely grey in  C. ida . Also,  C. ida lacks a dorsal stripe, which is very evident in  C. xinguensis . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B874AFFCEFFB8CC1BFEB7FC0585E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miranda, Flávia R.;Casali, Daniel M.;Perini, Fernando A.;Machado, Fabio A.;Santos, Fabrício R.	Miranda, Flávia R., Casali, Daniel M., Perini, Fernando A., Machado, Fabio A., Santos, Fabrício R. (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Cyclopes Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra: Pilosa), with the revalidation and description of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 687-721
