taxonID	type	description	language	source
038B87F3FFB3FFF21582821AFBE6CFB1.taxon	materials_examined	REFERRED MATERIAL. — CGF 104 (Fig. 2; Table 1), right mandible; FC-DPV 1890 (Fig. 3; Table 1), left mandible; FC-DPV 501 (Fig. 4; Table 1), right m 1.	en	Manzuetti, Aldo, Jones, Washington, Perea, Daniel, Ubilla, Martín, Rinderknecht, Andrés, Toriño, Pablo (2022): The state of knowledge of the jaguar Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora, Felidae) during the Quaternary in Uruguay. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (31): 707-720, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31
038B87F3FFB3FFF21582821AFBE6CFB1.taxon	distribution	GEOGRAPHIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC LOCATION. — CGF 104, Santa Lucia River near San Ramon town (Department of Canelones), Dolores Formation, late Pleistocene-early Holocene; FC-DPV 1890, Malo Creek (Department of Tacuarembo), Sopas Formation, late Pleistocene; FC-DPV 501, Soca locality (Department of Canelones), Libertad Formation, Pleistocene.	en	Manzuetti, Aldo, Jones, Washington, Perea, Daniel, Ubilla, Martín, Rinderknecht, Andrés, Toriño, Pablo (2022): The state of knowledge of the jaguar Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora, Felidae) during the Quaternary in Uruguay. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (31): 707-720, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31
038B87F3FFB3FFF21582821AFBE6CFB1.taxon	description	COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION The hemimandibles are very robust and the horizontal ramus is high; a marked angle is formed towards the symphysial region. Mandible FC-DPV 1890, when placed on a flat surface, rests on the symphysis region and angular process, while material CGF 104 has a third point of contact configured by the slightly convex inferior border of the horizontal ramus, which shows great variation in this regard among pantherines (Merriam & Stock 1932; Christiansen & Harris 2009). The angular process in both materials does not project conspicuously backward compared with Puma concolor (Merriam & Stock 1932) but is ventrally deflected, as in Panthera onca and Panthera atrox (Christiansen & Harris 2009); the condyles are markedly transverse. In CGF 104, the coronoid process is robust and, in lateral view, does not sweep backward behind the condyle, as observed mainly in P. onca and P. concolor, and it differs from P. atrox, which often clearly does (Merriam & Stock 1932; Christiansen & Harris 2009). The masseteric fossa in both materials is deep and barely reaches the posterior border of the m 1, as observed in P. onca and P. concolor, while in P. atrox it reaches at most the middle part of the m 1 (Merriam & Stock 1932). In the labial face of each mandibular ramus, the characteristic foramina of the large extant felids are observed (Méndez-Alzola 1941). The dentition is markedly hypercarnivore. In CGF 104, the canine is not preserved, although, based on the size of the alveolus, it is inferred to be a large tooth; in FC-DPV 1890, the canine is very robust. In occlusal view, it shows a rounded shape, as observed in P. onca, but it differs from P. concolor, which is more oval (Morales-Mejía et al. 2010). Unfortunately, due to its preservation, it is very difficult to identify some diagnostic characteristics, such as the lateral crest. The premolars of the CGF 104 material are similar in form but with a remarkable difference in size. The principal cusp in each premolar (the protoconid) is directed upwards with a slight inclination in a posterior way. In the m 1 of both materials (CGF 104 and FC-DPV 1890) and in the FC-DPV 501 specimen, both cusps are nearly equal in size in a similar way as observed in P. onca or P. concolor (Méndez-Alzola 1941); moreover, in P. atrox, the protoconid is larger, almost twice the length in some cases, than the paraconid (Montellano-Ballesteros & Carbot-Chanona 2009; Carbot-Chanona & Gómez-Pérez 2014; Chimento & Agnolín 2017). Additionally, the protoconid is higher than the paraconid; in its distal portion, the development of a tiny talonid is observed.	en	Manzuetti, Aldo, Jones, Washington, Perea, Daniel, Ubilla, Martín, Rinderknecht, Andrés, Toriño, Pablo (2022): The state of knowledge of the jaguar Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora, Felidae) during the Quaternary in Uruguay. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (31): 707-720, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31
038B87F3FFB3FFF21582821AFBE6CFB1.taxon	discussion	REMARKS According to the absolute size, the material studied here is quite larger than those of Puma concolor and in general is smaller than Panthera atrox, being within the expected range of values observed for Panthera onca (Table 1; see Merriam & Stock 1932; Méndez-Alzola 1941; Seymour 1989; Ferrero 2008; Morales-Mejía et al. 2010; Chimento & Agnolín 2017; Chimento & Dondas 2017). However, for CGF 104, some of these measurements (p 3 and m 1) are in the lower values reported for P. atrox (Merriam & Stock 1932; Montellano-Ballesteros & Carbot-Chanona 2009; Carbot-Chanona & Gómez-Pérez 2014; Chimento & Agnolín 2017 among others). Body mass estimates for the CGF 104 material show that this animal weighed up to 173 kg (Table 2) according to the equation from Thackeray & Kieser (1992), which has a smaller % PE and thus would have a better prediction range (see Supplementary Material 1). For material FC-DPV 1890 and FC-DPV 501, the body mass estimates were clearly over 100 kg (Table 2). On the other hand, the body mass of the potential prey for material CGF 104 is over 250 kg and up to 360 kg, and the largest prey size is over 800 kg (Table 3). For the other two materials, the typical prey mass is less than 200 kg, and the maximum prey body mass is between 500 - 600 kg (Table 3). In any case, it is worth noting that all estimations of body mass made for extinct taxa should be considered with caution and taken as a relative approach rather than absolute values (Prevosti & Vizcaíno 2006; Losey et al. 2017, see also Manzuetti et al. 2020).	en	Manzuetti, Aldo, Jones, Washington, Perea, Daniel, Ubilla, Martín, Rinderknecht, Andrés, Toriño, Pablo (2022): The state of knowledge of the jaguar Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora, Felidae) during the Quaternary in Uruguay. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (31): 707-720, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a31
