identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038C916AFF8B8A587B0BBC69D698D6FA.text	038C916AFF8B8A587B0BBC69D698D6FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Granorotalia Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti 2011	<div><p>Genus Granorotalia Benedetti, Di Carlo &amp; Pignatti, 2011</p><p>Granorotalia Benedetti, Di Carlo &amp; Pignatti, 2011: 710 . — Benedetti, Di Carlo &amp; Pignatti in Sirel &amp; Deveciler 2017: 70.</p><p>Neorotalia Bermúdez in Hottinger, 2014: 154.</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Granorotalia sublobata Benedetti, Di Carlo &amp; Pignatti, 2011 by monotypy.</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Test is asymmetric biconvex, much swollen and ornamented on ventral side (Figs 4K, M; 6C, D; 7C, E; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 14b 2, e 2, g). Test surface is covered by coarse beads and small papillas on both dorsal and ventral side (Figs 4 I-M; 6B-D; 7C-E; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 14a-g). Small pseudospines may appear at the periphery (Figs 6C, E, J, K; 7D, F, G, J, L; Benedetti et al. 2011: fig. 11a, figs 13d-e). Chambers are arranged involute low trochospiral and may become evolute at the last whorl on the dorsal side (Figs 4I, L; 6B, E, M; 7F, J, L, N; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 11a, c, 14b 1, e 1). Sutures on the last whorl are slightly depressed and generate interlocular space leading to a simple intraseptal canal (Figs 6A, H; 7A, G, I, O; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 11b, d-e). Solid pillars are pierced by vertical canals (funnels) (Figs 6 E-G, I-N; 7B, F, H, J-N; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 11a, c, 13a-f). Tooth plate covers the base of the chamber lumen, also it produces spiral canal (Figs 6H; 7I). Wall calcareous, perforate and lamellar in pillars, aperture interiomarginal. Connection between chambers is provided by single intercameral foramina (Fig. 6H).</p><p>DISCUSSION</p><p>Granorotalia is a simple rotaliid with asymmetric biconvex test, granulated surface on both dorsal and ventral side, small pseudospines emerging from the periphery. It was first described by Benedetti et. al. (2011) with Ornatorotalia (type species: O. spinosa Benedetti, Di Carlo &amp; Pignatti, 2011 [Benedetti et al. 2011: 705]; Fig. 4G, H) from Cuisian deposits of Monte Bosco formation. Both are common in some generic charateristics, yet Ornatorotalia has spines with spinal canals (only see in O. spinosa), well developed radial and bifurcate intraseptal canals connected to the marginal openings (canal orifices) (Benedetti et al. 2011: figs 4.g-h, 7.a 1-2 -d; Sirel &amp; Deveciler 2017: 69-70, figs 5A, C, pl. 2, figs 4-7, 9, 11, pl. 3, figs 1, 5). Also it differs from Neorotalia Bermúdez, 1952 (type species: Rotalia mexicana Nuttall, 1928, synonym of? Rotalia burdigalesis d’Orbigny, 1852 in Hayward et al. 2022; Fig. 4 A-C) and Pararotalia Le Calvez, 1949 species (type species: Pararotalia inermis (Terquem, 1882) in Le Calvez [1949: 32]; Fig. 4 D-F) by having granules (papillas and beads) on both dorsal and ventral sides.</p><p>Hayward et al. (2024) have transferred Granorotalia and Ornatorotalia to Pararotaliinae subfamily under Calcarinidae family. Calcarinidae mostly represents well-developed canaliculated spine bearing taxa with elaborated canal system (Loeblich &amp; Tappan 1987; Holzmann &amp; Pawlowski 2017). Granorotalia and Ornatorotalia can be related to Calcarinidae for having pustulated surface, true spine with canals or hallow pseudospines, pillars pierced by funnels, spiral and interseptal canals, but they are different from the members of Pararotalinae due to their generic elements. Therefore, Ornatorotaliinae subfamily has been adopted for low trochospiral coiling with coarse pustules, and the other mentioned characteristics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C916AFF8B8A587B0BBC69D698D6FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Deveciler, Ali	Deveciler, Ali (2025): Biostratigraphic revision and systematic discussion of Granorotalia sublobata Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti, 2011. Geodiversitas 47 (7): 327-341, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a7, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/geodiversitas2025v47a7.pdf
038C916AFF898A53797ABDCFD0A3D2BE.text	038C916AFF898A53797ABDCFD0A3D2BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Granorotalia sublobata Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti 2011	<div><p>Granorotalia sublobata Benedetti, Di Carlo &amp; Pignatti, 2011</p><p>(Figs 4 I-S; 6A-N; 7A-O; 9G[1]; 10L; 11C)</p><p>Granorotalia sublobata Benedetti, Di Carlo &amp; Pignatti, 2011: 715, figs 11a-e, 12a-b, 13a-f, 14a-h. — Benedetti et al. 2018: 86, figs 7.H-7.K, 8.A-8.C. — Sirel &amp; Deveciler 2017: 70, pl. 2, fig. 15, pl. 3, figs 10-17.</p><p>Pararotalia viennoti – Reiss &amp; Merling 1958: pl. 3, fig. 5.</p><p>Rotalia sp. 8 – Samuel et al. 1972: pl. XLVII, figs 1-4.</p><p>Neorotalia alicantina – Hottinger 2014: pl. 8.1, figs 1-12, 16-27.</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Test is much convex on ventral side than the dorsal side (Figs6D; 7C). Diameter is between 0.65-1.146 mm and the axial thickness is 0.43-0.7 mm.The ratio of (d/t-diameter/thickness)ranges from 1.51 to 1.63. Small spheric proloculus (0.0147 -0.0265 mm in diameter) is followed by subrectangular chambers arranging in three (in a 0.65 mm diameter) and four (in a 1.04 mm diameter) regular coiled whorls (Figs 6A; 7A, G, O). There are 12-13 chambers at the last whorl of grown specimens (Figs 6A; 7A; Benedetti et al. 2011: figs11b, d-e). Both dorsal and ventral sides filled with pillars (Figs 6 E-H, I-N; 7B, F-O). It has intraseptal, spiral and vertical canals (funnels) (Figs 6A, E-N; 7A-B, F-O).</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>One specimen in Reiss &amp; Merling (1958: pl. 3, fig. 5) resembles to G. sublobata rather than Pararotalia viennoti (Greig) owing to the mentioned generic characteristics above. Pararotalia supposed to have smooth dorsal and ventral surface with a solid and undivided umbilical plug unlike the specimens in Reiss &amp; Merling (1958).</p><p>Four specimens from Ovčiarsko village (Žilina/ Slovakia) in (Samuel et al. 1972; Fig. 6 K-N) defined as Rotalia sp. 8, are identical to G. sublobata for their pseudospine, pillars and funnels.</p><p>Neorotalia alicantina Colom, 1954 in Hottinger (2014) are not close to Neorotalia possessing different generic characteristics (also see in Benedetti et al. [2018: 86]). However, they are very close to G. sublobata related to the similar lateral, equatorial and axial features.</p><p>Additionally, one isolated specimen in Benedetti (2015: text-fig. 1, figs 1-3) was left out from the synonym because of the well-developed spines seeing in Ornatorotalia spinosa (Fig. 4 G-H). The axial sections of G. sublobata in Samuel et al. (1972: pl. XLVII, fig. 1), Benedetti et al. (2011: fig. 11a, 13e), Sirel &amp; Deveciler (2017: pl. 3, fig. 13), and Benedetti et al. (2018: fig. 8A) were illustrated short spine-like (pseudospine) structures rather than a canaliculate true spine.</p><p>STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION</p><p>G. sublobata was created first in Cuisian limestone deposits in Monte Bosco formation, Sicily-Italy and it was identified in the same stratigraphic position from Haymana-Turkey (Benedetti el al. 2011; Sirel &amp; Deveciler 2017). However, it was previously figured under different names in Middle Eocene of Nitzana, Israel (Reiss &amp; Merling 1958) and West Carpatian from Slovakia (Samuel et al. 1972). Although 27 figures in pl. 8.1 in (Hottinger 2014) are identical to G. sublobata, the stratigraphic position and locality of the samples were left unclear.</p><p>In this study, G. sublobata has been found in early Lutetian (SBZ 13) together with Nummulites cf. malatyaensis (Fig. 8A, B), N. praediscorbinus Schaub, 1981 (Fig. 8 C-H), N. praeaturicus Schaub, 1962 (Fig. 8 I-K), Nummulites somaliensis Nuttall &amp; Brighton, 1931 (Fig. 8L), Alveolina cf. stipes (Fig. 9A, B), A. stercusmuris (Fig. 9C, D), A. kieli (Fig. 9E, F 1, G2), A. cf. levantina Hottinger, 1960 (Fig. 11A, B), Orbitolites cotentinensis Lehmann, 1961 (Fig. 10 A-H), Pseudochrysalidina alva (Silvestri, 1939) (Fig. 10J, K), Asterigerina rotula (Kaufmann, 1867) (Fig. 11 C-E), Sphaerogypsina globulus (Reuss, 1848) (Fig. 11F), Gyroidinella magna Le Calvez, 1949 (Fig. 11 G-I) and Fabiania cassis (Oppenheim, 1896) (Fig. 11J).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C916AFF898A53797ABDCFD0A3D2BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Deveciler, Ali	Deveciler, Ali (2025): Biostratigraphic revision and systematic discussion of Granorotalia sublobata Benedetti, Di Carlo & Pignatti, 2011. Geodiversitas 47 (7): 327-341, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a7, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/geodiversitas2025v47a7.pdf
