identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038F6234FF9DFFA2FF6A35FA2DD9FB79.text	038F6234FF9DFFA2FF6A35FA2DD9FB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman 1869)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman, 1869) (Fig. 2) </p>
            <p>Purple scale</p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Anacardiaceae :  Mangifera indica L. (1);  Aquifoliaceae :  Ilex cornuta Lindl. &amp; Paxton (31),  Ilex crenata Thunb. (1)*,  Ilex sp. (10);  Cycadaceae : “sago palm” (1);  Elaeagnaceae :  Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. (9)*,  Elaeagnus sp. (2);  Lamiaceae :  Callicarpa americana L. (1)*,  Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr. (1)*;  Meliaceae :  Swietenia sp. (1)*;  Passifloraceae :  Passiflora suberosa L. (1)*;  Phyllanthaceae :  Bischofia javanica Blume (1)*;  Rutaceae :  Citrus × aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (3),  Citrus × aurantium L. (38),  Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck (7),  Citrus medica L. (1),  Citrus reticulata Blanco (7),  Citrus sp. (61),  Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (7),  Murraya sp. (1);  Santalaceae :  Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal &amp; M.C.Johnst. (1)*;  Solanaceae :  Solanum nigrum L. (1)*;  Theaceae :  Camellia sasanqua Thunb. (1)*. </p>
            <p> Notes.  Lepidosaphes beckii is the most frequently encountered  Lepidosaphes species in Florida. This species is highly polyphagous but most common on citrus. It may be confused with glover scale,  Lepidosaphes gloverii , on citrus in the field. However, mature adult female  L. gloverii are more elongate than  L. beckii . Slide-mounted specimens differ (character states of  L. gloverii are given in parentheses) by having: cicatrices (or bosses) on the dorsum (cicatrices absent) and the thorax unsclerotized in mature specimens (distinctly sclerotized thorax in mature specimens). On  Ilex ,  L. beckii may be mistaken for  L. camelliae . Again, the presence of dorsal cicatrices can differentiate  L. beckii from  L. camelliae , which does not have them. For a comparison of  L. beckii with  L. chinensis see the “Notes” section of the latter. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF9DFFA2FF6A35FA2DD9FB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF9EFFA2FF6A34A42CA6F9AF.text	038F6234FF9EFFA2FF6A34A42CA6F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke 1921	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke, 1921 (Fig. 3) </p>
            <p> Camellia scale </p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Aquifoliaceae :  Ilex cornuta (11),  Ilex opaca Aiton (1)*,  Ilex sp. (2);  Pentaphylacaceae :  Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight &amp; Arn.) Bedd. (1)*,  Ternstroemia sp. (1);  Rosaceae :  Raphiolepis sp. (1);  Theaceae :  Camellia japonica L. (23),  Camellia sp. (8). </p>
            <p> Notes. This is a common species generally found on hollies and camellias.  Lepidosaphes camelliae is similar to  L. pallida by lacking cicatrices and lateral spurs, by having less than seven dorsal submedial ducts between the anal opening and L2 (second pygidial lobe), and by having a small dorsal duct anterior to L2. They differ (character states of  L. pallida are given in parentheses) by having: the small dorsal duct anterior to L2 conspicuously wider than the ducts in gland spines (the same width as the ducts in the gland spines) and by usually having four submedial dorsal ducts between the anal opening and L2 (usually with two). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF9EFFA2FF6A34A42CA6F9AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF9EFFAEFF6A36F72FB4FEEF.text	038F6234FF9EFFAEFF6A36F72FB4FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin 1925	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin, 1925 (Fig. 4) </p>
            <p>Chinese mussel scale</p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Asparagaceae :  Dracaena braunii Engl. (5),  Dracaena sanderiana Mast. (17),  Dracaena sp. (1);  Orchidaceae (1). </p>
            <p> Notes. This species is not established in Florida but is frequently intercepted on nursery stock of lucky bamboo (  Dracaena sp. ) (Stocks 2014).  Lepidosaphes chinensis is similar to  L. beckii in having cicatrices on the abdomen and a small dorsal duct anterior to L2. They differ (characters of  L. beckii are given in parentheses) in having: five pairs of cicatrices (three or four pairs of cicatrices) and one or two lateral spurs (without lateral spurs, rarely with one). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF9EFFAEFF6A36F72FB4FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A31372CD1FCF2.text	038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A31372CD1FCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard 1869)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard, 1869) (Fig. 5) </p>
            <p>Glover scale</p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Celastraceae :  Euonymus japonicus Thunb. (1),  Euonymus sp. (1);  Lauraceae :  Tamala borbonia (L.) Raf. (1)*;  Myrtaceae :  Psidium guajava L. (1);  Polygonaceae :  Coccoloba diversifolia Jacq. (1)*;  Rutaceae :  Aeglopsis chevalieri Swingle (1)*,  Casimiroa edulis La Llave (1)*, ×  Citrofortunella sp. (1)*,  Citrus × aurantifolia (12),  Citrus × aurantium (29),  Citrus × limon (3),  Citrus × microcarpa Bunge (2)*,  Citrus reticulata (8),  Citrus sp. (33),  Citrus trifoliata L. (1),  Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (2)*,  Clausena excavata Burm.f. (1)*,  Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. (1)*. </p>
            <p> Notes. A species common in Florida, it is most frequently found on citrus.  Lepidosaphes gloverii is similar to  L. serrifrons by having a narrow body and by lacking cicatrices. They differ (character states of  L. serrifrons are given in parentheses) by having: spiculae on the head absent (spiculae in the form of conspicuous, acute projections of the cuticle present on margin of head); lateral spurs on the anterior abdominal segments (lateral spurs lacking); and a small dorsal duct anterior to L2 (without a small dorsal macroduct anterior to L2). For a comparison of  L. gloverii with  L. laterochitinosa see the “Notes” section of the latter. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A31372CD1FCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A33132A16FBAA.text	038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A33132A16FBAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green 1925	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green 1925 (Fig. 6) </p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Araceae :  Aglaonema sp. (1),  Epipremnum pinnatum (20);  Asparagaceae :  Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. (4),  Dracaena reflexa (1)*,  Dracaena sp. (2);  Phyllanthaceae :  Breynia disticha (2)*. </p>
            <p> Notes.  Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa is similar to  L. gloverii by having a narrow body shape, lateral spurs on the anterior abdominal segments, distinct sclerotization on mature adult females, and a small dorsal duct anterior to L2. They differ (character states of  L. gloverii are given in parentheses) by having: fewer than seven dorsal ducts between the anal opening and L2 (with more than seven) and small spiculae on the head present (absent). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A33132A16FBAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A34F42C3AFA7C.text	038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A34F42C3AFA7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes mackieana McKenzie 1943	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes mackieana McKenzie, 1943 (Fig. 7) </p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Orchidaceae (3):  Dendrobium sp. (1) </p>
            <p> Notes. This is an uncommonly encountered species only known on orchids.  Lepidosaphes mackieana is similar to  L. tokionis by lacking cicatrices, lateral spurs, and the small dorsal duct anterior to L2. They differ (character states of  L. tokionis are given in parentheses) by having: the medial margin of the median lobe shorter than the lateral margin (about equal); cephalic lobes small or absent (conspicuous); and a row of ventral ducts between the posterior spiracles (without a row of ventral ducts between the posterior spiracles). For a comparison of  L. mackieana with  L. punicae see the “Notes” section of the latter. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A34F42C3AFA7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A35A12AD3F84A.text	038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A35A12AD3F84A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell 1895)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell, 1895) (Fig. 8) </p>
            <p>Maskell scale</p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Cupressaceae :  Callitris sp. (1)*,  Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D.Don (1),  Cupressus sempervirens L. (8)*,  Cupressus sp. (3)*, ×  Hesperotropsis leylandii (A.B.Jacks. &amp; Dallim.) Garland &amp; Gerry Moore (1)*,  Juniperus barbadensis L. (1)*,  Juniperus bermudiana L. (1),  Juniperus chinensis L. (22),  Juniperus communis L. (1),  Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. (2)*,  Juniperus horizontalis Moench (3)*,  Juniperus sabina L. (1)*,  Juniperus sp. (35),  Juniperus rigida var. conferta (Parl.) Patschke (5),  Juniperus virginiana L. (7)*,  Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (5)*,  Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. (1)*,  Thuja sp. (4)*;  Pinaceae :  Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don (1)*,  Cedrus sp. (3)*;  Podocarpaceae :  Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet (1),  Podocarpus sp. (2);  Taxaceae :  Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex J.Forbes) K.Koch (2),  Taxus sp. (1). </p>
            <p> Notes. This species generally prefers coniferous trees. It has been commonly collected in Florida in the past but in recent years it is rarely seen. For a comparison of  L. pallida with  L. camelliae see the “Notes” section of the latter. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF92FFAEFF6A35A12AD3F84A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF97FFABFF6A309E2D77FDD3.text	038F6234FF97FFABFF6A309E2D77FDD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouche 1851)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouché, 1851) (Fig. 9) </p>
            <p> Cymbidium scale </p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Orchidaceae (3):  Cymbidium sp. (7). </p>
            <p> Notes. An uncommonly encountered species that has only been collected on orchids in Florida, though it can be a polyphagous pest elsewhere (Miller and Davidson 2005;  García Morales et al. 2016 ).  Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis is similar to  L. ulmi by having numerous small submedial dorsal ducts between the anal opening and L2. They differ (character states of  L. ulmi are given in parentheses) by having: the eye represented by sclerotized spur (eye absent or dome shaped); lateral abdominal spurs absent (present); and one small dorsal duct anterior to L2 (two small dorsal ducts anterior to L2). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF97FFABFF6A309E2D77FDD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF97FFABFF6A323C2E63FC0F.text	038F6234FF97FFABFF6A323C2E63FC0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes punicae (Laing) Laing 1929	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes punicae Laing, 1929 (Fig. 10) </p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Anacardiaceae :  Mangifera indica (1)*;  Annonaceae :  Annona sp. (1)*,  Annona squamosa L. (1)*;  Fabaceae :  Erythrina sp. (1);  Moraceae :  Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (1)*;  Ficus benjamina L. (1)*;  Sapindaceae :  Dimocarpus longan Lour. (3)*,  Litchi chinensis Sonn. (7),  Nephelium lappaceum L. (1)*. </p>
            <p> Notes. This species has been an issue for litchi orchards in Florida in past years (Miller and Davidson 2005), but it has only been submitted twice to FDACS-DPI for identification in the past 15 years.  Lepidosaphes punicae is similar to  L. mackieana by having the median lobes triangular, the posterior apex of the abdomen acute, and the median lobes with the medial margin shorter than the lateral margin. They differ (character states of  L. mackieana are given in parentheses) by having: abdominal cicatrices (without cicatrices); L2 with more than two projections (with two); and submedial dorsal ducts between the anal opening and L2 more than ten (fewer than ten). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF97FFABFF6A323C2E63FC0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF97FFABFF6A33972BACFACF.text	038F6234FF97FFABFF6A33972BACFACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes serrifrons (Leonardi 1898)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes serrifrons (Leonardi, 1898) (Fig. 11) </p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Euphorbiaceae :  Codiaeum sp. (6),  Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss. (3). </p>
            <p> Notes. This species was intercepted on  Codiaeum nursery stock from Costa Rica at least nine times between 1989–1993 but has not been collected subsequently in Florida.  Lepidosaphes serrifrons was also intercepted from Costa Rica by USDA-APHIS repeatedly between 1986–2006, but it has not been intercepted in recent years. Currently, this species is officially reported only from Italy (Leonardi 1898;  García Morales et al. 2016 ). We include it in the key because of its history of interception but there is no evidence that this species is present in the Florida landscape. For a comparison of  L. serrifrons with  L. gloverii see the “Notes” section of the latter. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF97FFABFF6A33972BACFACF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF97FFABFF6A35572B36F8C1.text	038F6234FF97FFABFF6A35572B36F8C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana 1902)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana, 1902) (Fig. 12) </p>
            <p>Croton mussel scale</p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Euphorbiaceae :  Codiaeum sp. (6),  Codiaeum variegatum (6),  Myrtaceae :  Psidium guajava (1)*. </p>
            <p> Notes. We include  L. tokionis in the key because of its history of interception but there is not yet evidence that this species is established in Florida. In the course of the study, we found that  Lepidosaphes tokionis was repeatedly misidentified as  L. camelliae on  Codiaeum variegatum from at least three separate nurseries in St. Lucie (1987), Seminole (1990), and Orange (1995) counties. Other specimens of  L. tokionis were found in the FSCA collection which had been identified as  Lepidosaphes sp. were intercepted again in Seminole county in 1996. In other years, nursery stock in Seminole County (1997) and import inspections via the Dominican Republic (1989) and Guatemala (2001) were correctly identified as  L. tokionis . We have also identified a series of much older Florida slides from Key West (1950) and St. Lucie (1920) of  L. tokionis that had been unidentified until now. Unfortunately, these older slides do not indicate whether plants were nursery stock or planted in the landscape. However, most slides from this time period in the FSCA were nursery or import inspections, not collections from natural areas. For a comparison of  L. tokionis with  L. mackieana see the “Notes” section of the latter. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF97FFABFF6A35572B36F8C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF8CFFB0FF6A309E2B09FDAE.text	038F6234FF8CFFB0FF6A309E2B09FDAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 13) </p>
            <p>Oystershell scale</p>
            <p> Hosts in FSCA.  Lauraceae :  Camphora officinarum Boerh. ex Fabr. (1);  Moraceae :  Ficus carica L. (3);  Paeoniaceae :  Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (1)*;  Oleaceae :  Fraxinus sp. (1),  Syringa sp. (1);  Rosaceae (1):  Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. (1),  Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (1),  Pyrus communis L. (1),  Rosa spinosissima L. (1)*;  Salicaceae :  Populus tremuloides Michx. (1),  Salix babylonica L. (1);  Salix sp. (1);  Sapindaceae :  Acer negundo L. (1). </p>
            <p> Notes. Despite being one of the most ubiquitous species of  Lepidosaphes in the United States, and across the world,  L. ulmi has apparently not been collected in the Florida landscape since 1921 and more recent records of the species are all from interceptions of propagative material (Dekle 1965; FDACS-DPI database). When it was collected, it was apparently restricted to the northern panhandle in Baker and Duval counties (Dekle 1965). For a comparison of  L. ulmi with  L. pinnaeformis see the “Notes” section of the latter. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF8CFFB0FF6A309E2B09FDAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
038F6234FF8CFFB2FF6A32F02AEDFD27.text	038F6234FF8CFFB2FF6A32F02AEDFD27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidosaphes	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Key to slide-mounted  Lepidosaphes , based on adult females </p>
            <p>1. Dorsal cicatrices (bosses) present on dorsal submargin of three or more abdominal segments (Fig. 2).. 2</p>
            <p>— Dorsal cicatrices (bosses) absent from abdomen (Fig. 3)........................................ 5</p>
            <p> 2(1). Median lobes triangular in shape, medial margin of lobe longer than lateral margin (  Andaspis -like phenotype) (Fig. 10)..............................................  Lepidosaphes punicae Laing</p>
            <p> — Median lobes round, medial margin of lobe about same length as lateral margin (typical  Lepidosaphes phenotype) (Fig. 2).................................................................... 3 </p>
            <p> 3(2). With five pairs of cicatrices, cicatrices on dorsal submargin of abdominal segments I–V; commonly intercepted on  Dracaena (Fig. 4)........................  Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin</p>
            <p>— With less than five pairs of cicatrices, cicatrices typically on dorsal submargin of I, II, and IV, sometimes on III; on various hosts (Fig. 2).......................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4(3). Sclerotized spurs absent, or present on margin of only prepygidial abdominal segment IV, with one macroduct on submargin anterior of second lobe; common on citrus (Fig. 2)................................................................................  Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman)</p>
            <p> — Sclerotized spurs present on margin of two or more prepygidial abdominal segments, with two macroducts on submargin anterior of second lobe; polyphagous (Fig. 13)..  Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (in part) </p>
            <p>5(1). Eyes absent or represented by a small dome (Fig. 5)............................................ 6</p>
            <p> — Eyes represented by conspicuous sclerotized spur (Fig. 9)......  Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouché)</p>
            <p>6(5). Each side of abdominal segment VI with fewer than seven dorsal ducts (Fig. 5)................... 7</p>
            <p>— Each side of abdominal segment VI with more than seven dorsal ducts (Fig. 6)................... 12</p>
            <p>7(6). Without sclerotized spurs on body margin, body without distinctive sclerotization in mature females, on various hosts (Fig. 7).................................................................. 8</p>
            <p> — With sclerotized spurs on margin of one or more prepygidial abdominal segments, dorsal pronotum to abdominal segment I heavily sclerotized across body in mature females, common on citrus (Fig. 5).........................................................  Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard)</p>
            <p>8(7). Anterior margin of head without cuticular projections, space between L2 and L3 (second space) with two gland spines (Fig. 2)............................................................... 9</p>
            <p> — Anterior margin of head with large, conspicuous, acute projections of the cuticle, space between L2 and L3 (second space) with one gland spine, on  Codiaeum (Fig. 11).  Lepidosaphes serrifrons (Leonardi)</p>
            <p>9(8). Without small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe (Fig. 7).......................... 10</p>
            <p>— With small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe (Fig. 2)............................. 11</p>
            <p> 10(9). Median lobes pointed, triangular in shape, medial margin of lobe shorter than lateral margin (  Andaspis -like phenotype), without cephalic lobes, with a row of ventral microducts between posterior spiracles, on orchids (Fig. 7).............................  Lepidosaphes mackieana McKenzie</p>
            <p> — Median lobes round, medial margin of lobe about same length as lateral margin (typical  Lepidosaphes phenotype), with conspicuous cephalic lobes, without ventral microducts between posterior spiracles, typically on  Codiaeum (Fig. 12).........................  Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana)</p>
            <p> 11(9). Small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe minute, about same thickness as microducts in gland spines, typically with two dorsal ducts on abdominal segment VI (usually appearing to be posterior to perivulvar pores), typically on conifers (Fig. 8)......  Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell)</p>
            <p> — Small dorsal submarginal duct anterior of second lobe of intermediate size, conspicuously wider than microducts in gland spines, typically with four dorsal ducts on abdominal segment VI (usually appearing to be posterior to perivulvar pores), polyphagous, often on camellia (Fig. 3)..  Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke</p>
            <p> 12(6). Spiculae present on margin of head, one gland spine present between L1 and L2 (first space), sclerotization in the form of lateral plaques on thorax in mature females (Fig. 6)............  Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green</p>
            <p> — Spiculae absent from margin of head, two gland spines present between L1 and L2 (first space), thorax unsclerotized in mature females (Fig. 13).........................  Lepidosaphes ulmi (in part) </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6234FF8CFFB2FF6A32F02AEDFD27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A.	Evans, Erin C. Powell Mark Zenoble Douglass R. Miller Benjamin B. Normark Gregory A. (2024): A new invasive Lepidosaphes armored scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) for Florida: first records, natural enemies, and an identification key. Insecta Mundi 2024 (73): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662496
