identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038587C1414DB12EFEE0E04FB48A98AF.text	038587C1414DB12EFEE0E04FB48A98AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustha izmirensis Memon & Ahmad 2008	<div><p>Mustha izmirensis new species</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2)</p><p>Colour</p><p>Head, antennae, entire pronotum, entire scutellum except a little portion of apex, corium and connexiva jet black, thickly and densely punctuate with black tinge; eyes brown; ocelli dark pink; apex of scutellum, three basal spots of head, two small and one longitudinal median spot, ochraceous; labium brown except basal segment ochraceous; legs brown with dark brown spots and punctures except middle of hind tibiae reddish brown; hemelytra blackish brown with few light brown spots except middle of hind tibiae reddish brown; membrane of hemelytra dark brown; venter of abdomen light brown, with ochraceous margin in middle along whole length of abdomen.</p><p>Head</p><p>Head as long as broad, almost triangular, tapering upward, lateral margins armed with long eight upward directed spines; paraclypeal lobes acute at apex, much longer than clypeus, apices wider a part, leaving clypeus free; anteocular distance more than remainder of head, anteocular distance 2.1 mm, remainder of head 1.5 mm, width across eyes 3.7 mm; interocellar distance 1.1 mm; interocular distance 2.1 mm; antennae five segmented,1st antennal segment not reaching apex of head, length of antennal segments I 2.0 mm, II 2.5 mm, III 2.8 mm, IV 3.0 mm, V 2.2 mm, antennal formula I &lt;V &lt;II &lt;III &lt;IV; labium long, reaching up to base of fourth abdominal sternite, length of labial segments I 2.1 mm, II 2.8 mm, III 2.2 mm, IV 2.3 mm, labial formula I &lt;III &lt;IV &lt;II, basal labial segment longer than bucculae.</p><p>Thorax</p><p>Pronotum broad, more than 2.5 X as wide as long and distinctly longer than head, lateral margins convergent, distinctly spinose, armed with nineteen, almost all long except few very short spines, humeral angles spinose, length of pronotum 4.1 mm, width 10.1 mm; corium with six short but distinct teeth on each side; scutellum distinctly longer than its width at base, apex sub-rounded, length of scutellum 7.5 mm, width 5.3 mm; distance, apex scutellum-apex abdomen including membrane 4.7 mm; evaporatoria of metathoracic scent gland (Fig. 2A) well defined with outer margin sinuate, ostiolar peritreme large, thick with anterior margin concave, anterolateral lobe of evaporating area spine-like, broad at base; membrane of hemelytra almost equal to last segment of abdomen both in male and female.</p><p>Abdomen</p><p>Connexiva well exposed at repose with joints acutely produced and lateral margins armed with about twenty six long acute spines, abdomen with deep sulcation on ventral side, accommodating long labium.</p><p>Male genitalia</p><p>Pygophore with dorso posterior margin with shallow, broad cavity without median projection (Fig. 2B), ventro posterior margin sinuate with shallow, cup shaped cavity with distinct U-shaped median excavation (Fig. 2C), lateral lobes of pygophore distinctly projecting upward with prominent demarcation, apex concave with both apices acutely produced (Figs. 2 B-C); paramere Lshaped, comprising three parts, foot, stem and blade, stem short, narrow and without inner thumb like process, blade elongate, narrow, almost rectangular with apex slightly thinly lobed, outer upper margin almost straight (Fig. 2D); inflated aedeagus with highly sclerotized theca, pair of thecal, highly sclerotized, thin, long, finger-like ventrolateral appendages, pair of dorsal membranous conjunctival appendages thick, slightly tapering upward with a much narrower and very small apical lobe, pair of sclerotized medially fused penial lobes, distinctly longer than dorsal conjunctival appendages, a tubelike vesica, shorter than penial lobes (Figs. 2 E-F).</p><p>Female genitalia</p><p>Female terminalia damaged in allotype, spermathecal bulb small, proximally round with three processes, two small, finger – like and almost of equal size, third large, thick and forked at apex (Fig. 2G).</p><p>Comparative note</p><p>M. izmirensis is closely related to  M. spinosula in having, middle of hind tibiae reddish brown, head relatively broad, as broad as long with eight upwardly directed spines on each lateral margin, paraclypei wider apart, leaving clypeus free. However it is different from  M. spinosula in having, entire body jet black except few ocharceous spots, corium black, lateral margins of pronotum with nineteen spines (Fig. 1), labium relatively long, reaching 4th abdominal sternite, peritreme long and thick (Fig. 2A). The male pygophore that has dorso posterior margin with shallow, broad cavity and without dorso-median projection (Fig. 2B) which is also a diagnostic character of the genus, ventro posterior margin sinuate with shallow cup-shaped cavity and with distinct u-shaped excavation (Fig. 2C), lateral lobes of pygophore distinctly, narrowly produced with clear demarcation, distinctly lobed with apex concave and apices distinctly acute (Figs. 2B, C); paramere L-shaped with stem short, relatively narrow, almost as narrow as blade and without thumb process, blade narrow rectangular and with outer upper margin almost straight without small round projection, apex thinly lobed.  M. spinosula is dark brown, corium with yellowish spots, pronotum with sixteen spines, labium short extending to 2 nd abdominal sternite, peritreme short and slim, The male pygophore of  spinosula that has dorso posterior margin with deep cavity and distinct dorso-median projection, ventro posterior margin with quite deep and narrow V- shaped cavity, lateral lobes projecting upward without distinct demarcation, with apex convex and a little bifid, paramere F-shaped, stem with prominent inner thick thumb- like process and blade relatively broad, tapering acutely towards apex and outer upper margin with a little sub-round, hump-like projection near apex and other characters as noted in description and key.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (1 male), Bornova, Izmir, Turkey, 29 June 1978, host plant unknown, Allotype (1 female), same locality, 12 July 1978 with same data as holotype, deposited at Natural History Museum, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, NHMUK .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is named for its distribution in Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587C1414DB12EFEE0E04FB48A98AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Memon, Nasreen;Ahmad, Imtiaz	Memon, Nasreen, Ahmad, Imtiaz (2008): Description of Mustha izmirensis, New Species (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Halyini) From Bornova, Izmir, Turkey with Key to its World Species. Pakistan J. Zool. 40, No. 6: 435-439
038587C1414FB129FF06E142B1269DD1.text	038587C1414FB129FF06E142B1269DD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustha Amyot and Serville 1843	<div><p>KEY TO THE NINE WORLD SPECIES OF  MUSTHA AMYOT AND SERVILLE</p><p>1. Head slightly narrowed at posterior part, nearly parallel sided, broadly round at apex, lateral margins of head serrate or dentate, size of body moderate ..................... 2 - Head conspicuously narrow along whole length, more or less triangular with sides slightly round or sharply triangular with expressively straight margins, lateral margins of head entirely armed with distinct spines, size of body relatively large .......................................... 3</p><p>2. Head 1.06 times as long as broad across eyes; apex of paraclypei broad and sinuate, lateral margins of head armed anteriorly with 4 -5 distinct irregular spine and posterior margin with few scarcely visible tubercles; lateral margins of pronotum nearly straight with 11 unequal long acute spines; margins of connexiva with comb- like thin spines of almost equal length; body length 17.3 -18.7 mm ....................  M. vicina Hoberlandt - Head 1.11 times as long as broad across eyes; paraclypei narrow at apex, lateral margins of head serrate irregularly along whole length; lateral margins of pronotum rather flattened, straight with regularly arranged short back wardly directed flat teeth; lateral margins of connexiva with similar teeth, five on each connexivum; length of body, 21mm .........  M. serrata (F)</p><p>3. Apices of paraclypeal lobes wider apart, leaving clypeus free, lateral margins of head armed with 8 distinct spines................................................................ 4 - Apices of paraclypeal lobes touching each other, entirely enclosing clypeus, lateral margins of head armed with eight -eleven spines.................................... 5</p><p>4. Body dark brown; pronotum with 16 regularly arranged spines; coriurn without dentine; male pygophore with lateral lobes a little produced with apex convex, ventero median cavity narrow and v-shaped; paramere Fshaped, stem relatively thick with well-developed thumb-like inner projection, blade acutely tapering towards apex with outer upper margin hump-like and a sub-round projection near apex, body length 22-25........ .........................................  M. spinosula (Lefebvre) - Body jet black with few yellow spots on hemelytra; pronotum with nineteen long spines, except few very short; corium with six short teeth of unequal size; male pygophore with lateral lobes narrowly produced with distinct demarcation and apex concave with apices acute, ventromedian cavity with distinct U- shaped excavation; clasper L- shaped, stem thin, almost as thin as blade, without thumb process, blade narrow, somewhat, rectangle with apex a little lobed; body length 19.9 mm ..................................  M. izmirensis n.sp.</p><p>5. Head sub triangular, distinctly narrow at apex, lateral margins of head moderately round; antennae black; connexival segments narrow......................................... 6 - Head sharply triangular, strongly narrowed at apex, lateral margins of head straight; Connexival segments broad............................................................................. 8</p><p>6. Pronotum very broad, trapezoid 2.9 times as broad as long, lateral margins of pronotum straight, flattened and distinctly raised with fifteen long, acute, upwardly projecting spines of unequal length; pronotal disc in anterior third with very distinct sharply delimited transverse elevation; costal margin of hemelytra yellow; callous with three short stout yellowish teeth, connexiva black, with exterior margin along whole length yellow, moderately raised, armed with 5-6 teeth on each connexivum; length of body 18.5 mm ............................ .............................................  M. longispinis Reuter - Pronotum transverse, not more than 2.3 times as broad as long; pronotal disc without any distinct transverse elevation, lateral margins of pronotum less numerously armed with 12 irregularly arranged spines; costal margins of hemelytra and entire connexiva black or dark brown; teeth on connexiva not as above ............... 7</p><p>7. Head 1.4 times as long as broad across eyes; bucculae broad, conspicuously bisinuate, anteriorly projecting in short acute spine, posteriorly widened in broad rounded lobe, body length 28-35 mm ...........  M.gigantea Horvath - Head 1.1 times as long as broad across eyes; bucculae narrow with straight margin, anteriorly projecting in small acute process, but posteriorly round; body length 22-24 ........................................  M. baranovi Kiritshenko</p><p>8. Lateral margin of head armed with 11 upwardly directed spines of medium size which diminish anteriorly; pronotum trapezoid, 2.4 times as broad as long across eyes, lateral margins of pronotum slightly elevated with 18-21 short teeth which diminish on distal half; coriurn smooth surfaced without short dense depressed whitish hair; body length 19-23 mm............... ........................................................  M. incana Stal - Lateral margins of head straight, armed with stout projecting spines along whole length; pronotum trapezoid, 2.2 times as broad as long, lateral margins of pronotum sinuate with 15-16 medially long acute spines, some very short; corium reddish brown with short dense depressed whitish hair, body length 20-24 mm ..............................................  M. morgani Horvath .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genus consists of nine Paelearctic species including new species. This is the first record of  Mushta from Turkey, although some species were recorded from Middle Eastern countries even from its neighboring countries such as Iran, Syria and Egypt etc. Within the genus  Mustha this species can be placed with  M. spinosula because both of these species have paraclypei wider apart, leaving clypeus free while all remaining species have entirely enclosed clypeus by paraclypei. This is the only species of  Mustha that has very distinguished male genitalia like paramere, L-shaped. instead of Fshaped, stem short relatively narrow and without inner thumb like process (Fig. 2D), that seems a diagnostic character of the genus and play an important role in the phylogenetic relationship of the genus within the tribe  Halyini, pygophore which has dorso posterior margin with shallow, broad cavity and without dorso-median projection (Fig. 2B) (which is also a diagnostic character of the genus), ventro posterior margin sinuate with shallow cup-shaped cavity and with distinct u-shaped excavation (Fig. 2C), lateral lobes of pygophore distinctly, narrowly produced with clear demarcation and with apex concave and apices distinctly acute (Figs. 2B, C). This particular combination of characters indicates that these states probably are synapomorphic and not only separate it from its closely allied species  M. spinosula but gives it a very unique position in the genus from all existing species of  Mustha . We are first fortunate authors who have illustrated and described female spermatheca (Fig. 2G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587C1414FB129FF06E142B1269DD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Memon, Nasreen;Ahmad, Imtiaz	Memon, Nasreen, Ahmad, Imtiaz (2008): Description of Mustha izmirensis, New Species (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Halyini) From Bornova, Izmir, Turkey with Key to its World Species. Pakistan J. Zool. 40, No. 6: 435-439
