taxonID	type	description	language	source
03845F50FFC0FFFCFD4B5946FC9226A3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Armbruster (1998 a) presented a description and a figure (fig. 7 A) of Pogonopoma, which under his concept consisted solely of Pogonopoma wertheimeri and we will not repeat it here.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC0FFFCFD4B5946FC9226A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. — Pogonopoma wertheimeri is currently known from three coastal river drainages in southeastern Brazil: the rio Mucuri, rio São Mateus, and rio Doce (Fig. 2). Prior to this study P. wertheimeri was only known from the rio Mucuri. This species is usually found in stretches of river with mid to strong water current and bottom formed by rocks or sand. Some specimens, however, were collected in the lagoa Juparana ˜, close to the mouth of rio Doce, a lentic habitat.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC0FFFDFD415FBFFF6E2201.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Armbruster (1998 a) presented a description and a figure (fig. 7 B) of Pogonopomoides, which consisted solely of P. parahybae, and we will not repeat it here.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC0FFFDFD415FBFFF6E2201.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. — Pogonopoma parahybae is endemic to the rio Paraíba do Sul basin (Fig. 2), where it occurs in areas of mid to strong water current usually associated with rocky substrate.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC0FFFCFE9E5992FE0525F3.taxon	type_taxon	type-species Plecostomus (Pogonopoma) wertheimeri Steindachner, 1867 by subsequent designation of Eigenmann, 1910: 407).	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC0FFFCFE9E5992FE0525F3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — Pogonopoma is diagnosed by the following derived features: contact of the hyomandibular condyle solely to the pterotic-supracleithrum (vs contact to the prootic as well) [5 (1)]; lateral wall of the pterygoid channel much higher than mesial wall (vs approximately the same height as mesial wall) [6 (1)]; one to several vertebra above the anal fin with bifid hemal spines (vs no bifid hemal spines) [23 (0)]; posterior processes of pelvic basipterygium pointed and thin (versus rounded and broad) [33 (1)]; and U-shaped esophageal diverticulum retroperitoneal, wide, not expandable, and with the anterior muscular section reduced (vs diverticulum absent) [40 (3)].	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC1FFF8FF575B24FD4522DA.taxon	description	Figure 3	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC1FFF8FF575B24FD4522DA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. — MCP 25036 (male, 236.8 mm SL) rio Canoas at road from Anita Garibaldi to Abdon Batista (approximately 27 ° 39 ' S, 51 ° 05 ' W), Santa Catarina, Brazil, 8 September 1988, E. H. L. Pereira, P. V. Azevedo, L. A. Bergmann, and A. Ramires. Paratypes. — MCP 12327 (7, 194.2 – 225.0 mm SL), MCP 12329 (4, 193.1 – 246.1 mm SL), MZUSP 67836 (3, 175.0 – 206.5 mm SL), USNM 365000 (2, 223.4 – 227.7 mm SL) collected with the holotype. NRM 47510 (2, 204.1 – 212.2 mm SL) and MCP 12917 (3, 186.3 – 232.0 mm SL) same locality of holotype, 22 January 1989, C. A. S. Lucena, L. A. Bergmann, P. V. Azevedo, and E. H. L. Pereira. MCP 13135 (1, 176.0 mm SL) same locality of holotype, 30 March 1989, E. H. L. Pereira, P. V. Azevedo, L. A. Bergmann, and M. M. Vargas. MCP 12746 (5, 215.5 – 164.4 mm SL), same locality of holotype, 11 November 1989, C. A. S. Lucena, E. H. L. Pereira, P. V. Azevedo, and A. Ramires. MCP 19001 (7, 2 c & s, 132.9 – 173.5 mm SL) rio Rancho Grande, on road from Piritiba to highway BR 153, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Additional specimens, nonparatypes. — MCP 12302 (3, 197.8 – 239.3 mm SL) and MCP 12303 (1, 227.6 mm SL) rio Uruguai at Espigão Alto, Barracão (27 ° 36 ' 22 " S, 51 ° 27 ' 40 " W) Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. MCP 12304 (2, 206.8 – 219.9 mm SL) and MCP 18420 (1 ex., 189.8 mm SL), rio do Peixe at Volta Grande, Concórdia (approx. 27 ° 28 ' S, 51 ° 53 ' W), Santa Catarina, Brazil. MCP 12330 (1, 193.4 mm SL) and MCP 12748 (1, 247.0 mm SL), rio Canoas, Passo do Canoas on road from Tupitinga to Celso Ramos, Campos Novos (27 ° 35 ' 11 " S, 51 ° 24 ' 09 " W), Santa Catarina, Brazil. MCP 12476 (1, 225.7 mm SL), rio Uruguai at Itá (approximately 27 ° 18 ' S, 52 ° 20 ' W), Santa Catarina, Brazil. MCP 18825 (1, 173.6 mm SL), rio Rancho Grande at Piritiba highway (BR 153), Concórdia (approximately 27 ° 21 ' S, 51 ° 57 ' W), Santa Catarina, Brazil. MCP 20400 (1, 167.7 mm SL) and MCP 20407 (1, 166.7 mm SL) rio Uruguai at Mondaí (27 ° 5 ' 12 " S, 53 ° 22 ' 57 " W), Santa Catarina, Brazil. MCP 21607 (1, 187.7 mm SL) and MCP 22029 (1 ex., 249.0 mm SL) rio Uruguai near the Pedra da Fortaleza, Itapiranga (27 ° 11 ' 42 " S, 53 ° 38 ' 34 " W), Santa Catarina, Brazil.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC1FFF8FF575B24FD4522DA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — Pogonopoma obscurum is diagnosed by the following derived features: presence of an increased number of branched dorsal fin rays (8 — 11; vs seven branched rays) [41 (1)]; and the posterior process of the coracoid covered by platelets ventrally (vs exposed and supporting odontodes) [29 (0) a reversal]. This species can be further distinguished from other Pogonopoma species by absence of hypertrophied odontodes on the cheek of mature males (vs present in Pogonopoma wertheimeri), adipose fin absent (vs present in Pogonopoma wertheimeri), and by having a longer dorsal fin base (29.1 – 43.1 % SL, vs 20.9 – 29.0 in remaining species).	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC1FFF8FF575B24FD4522DA.taxon	description	Description. — Counts and measurements presented in Table 2. Head and body slightly depressed. Dorsal profile of body slightly arched from snout tip to dorsal fin origin. Trunk and caudal peduncle largely rounded in cross-section, slightly flattened ventrally and more compressed caudally. Greatest body depth at dorsal fin origin. Body completely covered by dermal plates in dorsal surface. Abdomen naked, except for row of small plates along sides, patch of platelets between pelvic fins, and granular plates in the skin covering the pectoral girdle. Posterior process of coracoid not exposed, covered by platelets. Cheek plates present on lateral margin of head. Snout plates reduced to few granular anterior platelets. Head and snout broad and rounded anteriorly. Head slightly convex transversely between orbits with upper margin of orbits very slightly elevated; eyes moderately small. Small rounded naked area on snout tip. Lateral border of head without hypertrophied odontodes in mature males. Lips well developed, rounded, and occupying most of ventral surface of head. Upper and lower lips densely covered by small papillae. Lower lip not reaching pectoral girdle. Rictal barbel simple. Teeth long, narrow, and with two cusps bent towards bucal cavity. Outer cusp smaller than inner one. Pectoral fin of moderate size, spine covered with odontodes and 6 branched rays; posterior fin margin slightly rounded, not overlapping pelvic fin when depressed. Pectoral fin spine dorso-ventrally flattened. Pelvic fin well developed, i, 5; posterior fin margin slightly rounded, not overlapping anal fin when depressed. Dorsal fin i, 8 – 11; originating anterior to vertical through pelvic fin origin. Dorsal fin spinelet and associated locking mechanism present. Anal fin of moderate size, i, 5. Adipose fin absent. Caudal fin posterior margin truncate, i, 14, i, unbranched rays equal in length. Color in alcohol. — Head, dorsum, and flanks uniformly grayish-brown; black in living specimens. Ventral surface of body grayish.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC1FFF8FF575B24FD4522DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. — Pogonopoma obscurum is endemic to the upper reaches of the rio Uruguai, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Fig. 2). This species is fairly common and inhabits stretches of the main river and its tributaries, with relatively rapid water currents over bottoms usually formed by rocks and boulders. Despite the intense collecting efforts in the middle portions of the rio Uruguai during the last fifteen years, the species has not been collected in that section of the basin.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
03845F50FFC1FFF8FF575B24FD4522DA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — From the Latin obscurum meaning dark, in allusion to the dark coloration. An adjective.	en	Quevedo, Rodrigo, Reis, Roberto E. (2002): Pogonopoma obscurum: A New Species of Loricariid Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with Comments on the Genus Pogonopoma. Copeia 2002 (2): 402-410, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19699145
