taxonID	type	description	language	source
038487B84123FFB0060EFA90FD90F9E2.taxon	description	Despite the relatively high number of deer examined from various parts of the Czech Republic in 2018 – 2022 (116 deer belonging to seven ruminant species, not shown), Cooperia nematodes occurred occasionally. They were present in only three out of 25 red deer (prevalence = 12.0 %) and four out of 30 sika deer (prevalence = 13.3 %) and were found only in two regions of northern Bohemia (Table 1). The first site (50 ◦ 39 ′ 32 ′′ S, 14 ◦ 43 ′ 29 ′′ E) was Mimon (the Ralsko hunting ground). One red deer was positive out of the two examined (prevalence = 50 %). The intensityof nematode infection was 141 worms. The second site (50 ◦ 10 ′ 30 ′′ S, 13 ◦ 2 ′ 48 ′′ E) was the hunting ground in the Doupov Mountains directly adjacent to the territory around the village of Valeč. Two red deer were positive out of the 17 examined (prevalence = 11.8 %) and they had four and 11 worms, respectively. Four sika deer were positive out of the 20 examined (prevalence = 20 %), and the intensity of infection ranged from three to 24 worms. 3.2 Bayesian phylogenetic trees based on two partial gene sequences The phylogenetic analysis of Cooperia sp. from Czech deer based on 18 sequences of cox 2 and 20 sequences of the ITS 1 - 5.8 S-ITS 2 region resulted in six haplotypes (accession numbers OR 879242 - 7) and three haplotypes (accession numbers OR 804235, OR 804236, and OR 804237), respectively. Our data were compared with published data, mainly by Ramünke et al. (6), who compared C. pectinata, C. punctata, C. spatulata, and C. oncophora and also indicated that C. spatulata is most likely only a morphotype of C. punctata and its name should be considered a synonym (Figures 3, 4). Our Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicated that Cooperia sp. from the Czech deer represents a new lineage. The cox 2 phylogenetic tree indicated the clustering of this new lineage in the clade containing C. oncophora, despite the low branch support (Figure 3, left). The ITS 1 - 5.8 S-ITS 2 phylogenetic tree showed that this new lineage represents a sister lineage to C. punctata / spatulata, C. oncophora. Finally, the C. pectinata branch represents the sister lineage to the common cluster described above (Figure 3, right). Also, the phylogenetic tree based on both loci (ITS 1 - 5.8 S-ITS 2 region and cox 2) (Figure 4) agreed with the cox 2 phylogenetic tree. Thus, the lineage of Cooperia sp. from Czech deer constitutes a new sister lineage to C. oncophora and this common branch is a sister lineage to C. punctata / spatulata. Cooperia pectinata represents the sister lineage to the above cluster. In conclusion, the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of combined mitochondrial and nuclear markers (cox 2 and ITS 1 - 5.8 S-ITS 2 region) supported the existence of a new independent lineage of Cooperia sp. from Czech deer. This analysis confirmed that specimens parasitizing deer game represent a sister lineage to C. oncophora while the congener C. pectinata is more distantly related. These results indicate a high probability that Cooperia sp. that parasitizes deer game does not belong to the C. pectinata species that parasitizes bovids. 3.3 Morphologicaldescription The measurements of Cooperia sp. parasitizing deer are expressed in micrometers (µm) unless otherwise noted, based on 30 males and 30 females. Male: Body 5.98 – 10.24 mm long, 117 – 189 wide just anterior to bursa, head diameter 32 – 40, cephalic vesicle up to 105 wide, esophagus 380 – 515. Bursa 277 – 400 wide, spicules 265 – 348 long, 67 maximum spicule width, with four parts (length × width): “ short head ” 19 × 32, “ barrel neck ” 62 × 40, “ bulky belly ” 174 × 67, and “ thin tail ” 53 × 18. The butterfly-shaped genital cone is situated in the middle of the bursa, 64 – 222 behind the posterior end of the spicules. The next important morphological characteristics are the shape and size of the dorsal ray of the male bursa: it is a doublebranched fork with a total length of 180 – 208 (196 on average), with the main bifurcation at 56 % of the total length (Figures 5, 6). The number of ventrally oriented rays is six on the left and six on the right side, while four are always long and the remaining two are shorter. Female: Body 7.57 – 12.74 mm long, its widest part reaching 190 – 255 behind the vulva, head diameter 33 – 42, cephalic vesicle 70 – 77 wide, esophagus 342 – 622. Vulva opens 2.11 – 2.70 mm from the posterior end. Anus opens 172 – 217 from the body end, tail 43 – 50 wide at the anus level, narrowing sharplyto the terminal tip. Eggs in the uterus are 55 – 61 long and 21 – 30 wide.	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84127FFBF0670F84CFE86FD81.taxon	description	“ Strongylus: with a thin, winged head, a male blunt bursa behind, and a female tail awl-shaped. Hab: four specimens found in the upper part of the intestines of the Cervus elaphus, February (1809, current note) Description: worms six to eight “ lines ” long, very thin, reddish. Male: the head is thin and winged by a thin membrane on both sides. The body is thin and almost linear toward the middle, and then it gradually thickens and forms the genital bursa at the end. This is obtuse, radiating, with thinly folded membranes, so that Icannot tell the number of lobes. Athin feeding tube, running through the middle of the body, gives the worm a striated face. Female: the head as in male, but in another specimen the wing-shaped membrane is wider. The body is linear anteriorly, in the third part of the worm it is initially very thick, as if knotted, then thins again, the tail is awl-shaped. The vulva is partially protruding ” [sic].	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84127FFBF0670F84CFE86FD81.taxon	materials_examined	The type material of the species S. ventricosus Rudolphi, 1809, was deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin) under no. AHC 49508. It is in the form of permanent slides made from five voucher specimens of deer trichostrongylid parasites (one male and four females). As a final step to clarify the species affiliation of Cooperia sp. from Czech deer, our new material was compared to the five voucher specimens of deer trichostrongylid parasites. Unfortunately, all five specimens are in poor condition, and only the male bursa is intact, although it is also considerably damaged (Figure 7).	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84127FFBF0670F84CFE86FD81.taxon	description	Morphology of the bursa and spicules of the type specimen Strongylus ventricosus Rudolphi, 1809 (measurements in mm from Figure 7): bursa 306 wide, spicules 308 long on average, maximum spicule width 61, Each spicule has four parts: short head, two middle parts (barrel neck and bulky belly) which are difficult to distinguish, and clearly visible characteristic thin tail 51 long on average which represents 16.5 % of the spicule length. Although all structures are quite damaged, the size of the spicules matches well with Cooperia sp. males from Czech deer (in the Morphological description, subsection of the Results sections). Some of the slightly larger dimensions of the spicule parts were probably caused by flattening during the preparation of permanent slides of the museum material. The data from the original description of S. ventricosus also concur with the morphology of Cooperia sp. from Czech deer. As there is a good agreement between our new material (Cooperia sp. from Czech deer) and the voucher specimens of the deer trichostrongylid parasite S. ventricosus, which were registered in the Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin), the transfer of the ancient species S. ventricosus Rudolphi, 1809, into the genus Cooperia, and the creation of the species Cooperia ventricosa comb. nov. should be seriously considered. The ideal solution to the problem would be to obtain new material for nematodes of the genus Cooperia from the type host Cervus elaphus from the type locality near Greifswald (Germany), and to redescribe C. ventricosa according to the stricter ICZN rules (25).	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84129FFBF0588FD27FE79FA61.taxon	synonymic_list	Synonym: Strongylus ventricosus Rudolphi, 1809.	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84129FFBF0588FD27FE79FA61.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: red deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Other hosts: European fallow deer Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758), sika deer Cervus nippon Temninck, 1838. Site of infection: small intestine. Type locality: vicinity of Greifswald, Germany (40).	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84129FFBF0588FD27FE79FA61.taxon	distribution	Documented distribution: various regions of Europe (38, 46), New Zealand (42), northern regions of the Czech Republic — new geographical record (this paper).	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84129FFBF0588FD27FE79FA61.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, collection “ Vermes, ” catalog Entozoa, E. 258, 6 syntype fragments in deteriorated condition, mounted as 5 glycerol-paraffin slides on Cobb aluminum frames by B. Neuhaus on 16. XI. 2021, E. 258 - 1 female, E. 258 - 3 female, E. 258 - 5 male, sex of E. 252 - 2, and E. 252 - 4 unknown.	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84129FFBF0588FD27FE79FA61.taxon	description	Morphological descriptions: (43), [(22) — Figure 142], [(15) — Figure 164], this paper	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
038487B84129FFBF0588FD27FE79FA61.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Amember of the genus Cooperia that shares all the morphological characteristics that define the genus C. ventricosa, differs from the most similar species C. pectinata based on the following features: the shape of the male spicules and that of the dorsal ray of the male genital bursa.	en	Albrechtová, Martina, Kašparová, Eva Štefková, Langrová, Iva, Hart, Vlastimil, Neuhaus, Birger, Jankovská, Ivana, Petrtýl, Miroslav, Magdálek, Jan, Špakulová, Marta (2024): A revision of the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperia Ransom, 1907, from deer game: recent integrative research confirms the existence of the ancient host-specific species Cooperia ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1809). Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11, No. 1346417: 1-12, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346417
