identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038778322572FFB06EBEC202FD5C8380.text	038778322572FFB06EBEC202FD5C8380.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanote Kroyer 1863	<div><p>Genus Thysanote Krøyer, 1863</p><p>Type species. Thysanote pomacanthi Krøyer, 1863 (type by original designation)</p><p>Remarks. The species of Thysanote can be recognised by the following combinations of characters: short cephalothorax, usually in line with the trunk; indistinct carapace; large trunk, dorso-ventrally flattened and broadening backwards; uropods present, often prominent.; branched or unbranched processes at hind end of trunk, postero-median pair unbranched; antennule four segmented; antenna biramous, endopod two-segmented; mandible with oblique row of teeth; maxillule stout, palp small; maxillae short, free, with or without processes; prehensile maxillipeds (see Kabata and Tareen 1981; Pillai, 1985). The genus currently includes 20 valid species globally and the latest addition is description of Thysanote chalermwati Piasecki, Ohtsuka and Yoshizaki, 2008, from Thailand (Piasecki et al. 2008).</p><p>Status of Type Materials and Considerations for Neotype Designation of Thysanote rastrelligeri Rangnekar, 1962: The original description of Thysanote rastrelligeri, included six figures depicting a nonovigerous female. Although the description contained species-specific details, it requires revision to meet modern taxonomic standards.</p><p>The type locality, i.e., the Mumbai coast, Maharashtra, India (Fig. 7), was clearly stated in Rangnekar’s (1962) description, along with its type host, the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) and its site of attachment in the branchial cavity. However, Rangnekar (1962) did not provide information on the deposition or registration of type materials. Subsequent mentions of T. rastrelligeri by Pillai (1967, 1985) were based solely on the original description, and no additional records of this species have been reported.</p><p>Our inquiries at various repositories, including the Indian Museum, did not yield any specimens that could be identified as type materials of T. rastrelligeri . It appears that the original type specimens were either never deposited or are no longer available. Currently, the specimens examined herein (ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/28933, ZSI/ WGRC/IR/INV/28934, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/28935), deposited at the Western Ghats Field Research Centre of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI/WGRC), Kozhikode, are the only known materials that can be reliably identified as T. rastrelligeri .</p><p>The newly collected specimens described here were obtained from the Neendakara coast, Kollam, Kerala, India —approximately 1,000 km from the original type locality at Mumbai.According to ICZN Article 75.3.6 (Anon, 1999), a neotype should be designated from a locality that is "as nearly as practicable" to the original type locality. However, the newly collected T. rastrelligeri specimens were found on a different host species, Megalaspis cordyla, and from a different site of attachment. As these do not fully meet the ICZN criteria (Article 75.3) for neotype designation, we are preserving these three new specimens as voucher materials for T. rastrelligeri .</p><p>The present Indian specimens closely align with Rangnekar’s (1962) original description and illustrations, thus confirming that they belong to the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038778322572FFB06EBEC202FD5C8380	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Helna, Ameri Kottarathil;Aneesh, Panakkool Thamban;Ismail, Norshida;Maran, Balu Alagar Venmathi	Helna, Ameri Kottarathil, Aneesh, Panakkool Thamban, Ismail, Norshida, Maran, Balu Alagar Venmathi (2025): Complementary description and further record of Thysanote rastrelligeri Rangnekar, 1962 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) from a new host. Zootaxa 5642 (1): 16-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.1.2
038778322571FFBB6EBEC5C4FF56870F.text	038778322571FFBB6EBEC5C4FF56870F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanote rastrelligeri Rangnekar 1962	<div><p>Thysanote rastrelligeri Rangnekar, 1962</p><p>(Figures 1–6)</p><p>Material examined. 9♀♀</p><p>Nontype material. All from Megalaspis cordyla collected from the fish market and caught from the Arabian Sea, off Neendakara coast, southwest coast of India, coll. PT Aneesh and AK Helna on 17 December 2018. 1 ♀ (13 mm) (Reg. No. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/ 28933) ; 1 ♀ (12 mm) (Reg. No. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/28934); 1 ♀ (11.5 mm) (Reg. No. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/ 28935) .</p><p>Redescription of post-metamorphic female (Figures 1–6): Body elongate (Figs 1 B – E, 2 A – B) consisting of cephalothorax and genital trunk. Cephalothorax elongate, cylindrical, in line with genital trunk, constituting 60% of body and 2 times longer than “maxillary arms” (maxillae). Each maxilla carrying two pairs of filament-like processes, one long basal, and short medial. Cephalothorax narrower than genital trunk. Genital trunk, cylindrical, 1. 3 times longer than “maxillary arms”, constituting 40% of body; broadest towards distal side; posterior margin strongly convex towards caudal end. Trunk with four processes, two dorso-laterals and two ventro-laterals.Abdomen imperceptible. Caudal ramus (Fig. 2E) consisting of single, moderately elongate, unarmed, conical process. Genital orifices (egg-sac outlets) slit-like, on top of paired, regular hemispheric elevations(Fig. 2E). Small, paired, copulatory pores present between genital orifices. Egg strings (Figs. 1, 2A) multiseriate.</p><p>Antennule (Fig. 3A) uniramous, short three-segmented; proximal and middle segments unarmed, distal segment with three short apical spiniform setae. Antenna (Fig. 3B) biramous, robust, exopod much broader than endopod, two-segmented, unarmed; endopod, two-segmented, terminal segmented with two-minute apical spiniform setae. Mandible (Figs 3D, 5A – B) two-segmented typical lernaeopodid type, heavily sclerotized, basal segment strong and globular; terminal segment denticulate edge with 12 teeth. Maxillule (Figs 3C, 5D – F, 6C – F) biramous, small delicate. Exopod tiny, ventrally oriented, consisting of short conical outgrowth. Endopod with two apical setiferous processes. Maxilla (Figs 2C – D, 4A – C, E – F) large cylindrical, elongate, transformed into powerful “arms”, distally joined to opposite appendage by bulla; constricted subterminally into terminal peribullar collar; bulla conspicuous, mushroom-shaped (Figs 2C–D, 4A, E–F). Maxilla with two pairs of filament-like maxillary processes, (Figs 1, 2A–C, 4A); first pair long basal and located postero-ventrally near basal part of appendage; second pair, short located at middle part of appendage. Maxillary gland orifices located on hemispherical processes, medially at base of appendage (Figs 2C, 4A–C). Maxilliped (Figs. 3E, 5C, 6D), uniramous, subchelate, located subterminally on cephalothorax. Segmentation obscured by thick layer of wrinkled cuticle. Subchela with one shaft and claw. Shaft with small seta at base of claw, claw without secondary teeth; subchela covered on ventral side by pillow-like cuticular fold.</p><p>Size. Ovigerous female: 10.4–11.0 mm (n=9).</p><p>Colour. Live specimens white.</p><p>Host. Scomber microlepidotus Rüppell, 1836 (= Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)) (type host; Rangnekar 1962); Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) (present study).</p><p>Site of attachment. branchial cavity of the Indian Mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta; body surface over the base of the dorsal fin of Megalaspis cordyla (present study).</p><p>Distribution. Mumbai Coast, India (Rangnekar, 1962); Kerala coast (present study) (see Fig. 7).</p><p>Remarks. Thysanote rastrelligeri is one of eight species of Thysanote known from India (Rangnekar 1962; Pillai 1985; Helna et al. 2024) and is highly distinct within the genus. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) presence of two pairs of maxillary processes; (2) cephalothorax longer than the trunk; (3) presence of four simple posterior trunk processes, two dorso-laterals and two ventro-laterals; (4) uropods approximately 0.5 times the length of the posterior processes.</p><p>Rangnekar (1962) originally described T. rastrelligeri based on specimens recovered from the branchial cavity of the Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta . The description was accompanied by six figures of the adult female (see Figs. 4A–F in Rangnekar 1962). While the original description provided some species-specific details, it requires revision to meet modern taxonomic standards. Unfortunately, Rangnekar (1962) did not specify the deposition of the type specimen, and our inquiries at various repositories in India have failed to locate any material that could be identified as the type specimen of T. rastrelligeri .</p><p>The newly collected specimens of T. rastrelligeri described here were recovered from a different host species, Megalaspis cordyla, and from a new site of attachment—the body surface—collected from a fish market along the Kerala coast, India. Since these specimens were found on a non-type host and at a novel attachment site, they do not meet the criteria for neotype designation to conserve the species name. However, the present specimens exhibit key diagnostic characteristics consistent with T. rastrelligeri, confirming their identification.</p><p>A comprehensive summary of the updated global distribution and host records of Thysanote is provided in Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038778322571FFBB6EBEC5C4FF56870F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Helna, Ameri Kottarathil;Aneesh, Panakkool Thamban;Ismail, Norshida;Maran, Balu Alagar Venmathi	Helna, Ameri Kottarathil, Aneesh, Panakkool Thamban, Ismail, Norshida, Maran, Balu Alagar Venmathi (2025): Complementary description and further record of Thysanote rastrelligeri Rangnekar, 1962 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) from a new host. Zootaxa 5642 (1): 16-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.1.2
