taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
0387897B96664222FF3BFA023788FCBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96664222FF3BFA023788FCBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322070/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322070	FIGURE 2. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Nam La, Myanmar; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 2. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Nam La, Myanmar; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96634220FF3BFF0B37D8FD95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96634220FF3BFF0B37D8FD95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322072/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322072	FIGURE 3. Rapala iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Darjeeling, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 3. Rapala iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Darjeeling, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96624220FF3BFD12377AF8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96624220FF3BFD12377AF8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322074/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322074	FIGURE 4. Rapala selira (Moore, 1874), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Shimla, India; b. Female spread specimen from Shimla, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 4. Rapala selira (Moore, 1874), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Shimla, India; b. Female spread specimen from Shimla, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966D422DFF3BFB70317CFDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966D422DFF3BFB70317CFDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322076/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322076	FIGURE 5. Rapala manea schistacea (Moore, 1879), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 5. Rapala manea schistacea (Moore, 1879), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966F422DFF3BFDF73788F8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966F422DFF3BFDF73788F8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322078/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322078	FIGURE 6. Rapala scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; b. Female spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 6. Rapala scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; b. Female spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966E422BFF3BFB4334A6FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966E422BFF3BFB4334A6FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322080/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322080	FIGURE 7. Rapala rectivitta (Moore, 1879), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Naga Hills, India; b. Male genitalia dorsal view; c. Male genitalia ventral view; d. Male genitalia lateral view.	FIGURE 7. Rapala rectivitta (Moore, 1879), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Naga Hills, India; b. Male genitalia dorsal view; c. Male genitalia ventral view; d. Male genitalia lateral view.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96694229FF3BF8A236BAFC11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96694229FF3BF8A236BAFC11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322082/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322082	FIGURE 8. Rapala nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; b. Female spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 8. Rapala nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; b. Female spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966B4229FF3BFB9735EFF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322084/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322084	FIGURE 9. Rapala hinomaru Fujioka, 1970, syn. nov. a. Holotype ♀ spread specimen dorsal view; b. Same specimen, ventral view. Images © CUBM.	FIGURE 9. Rapala hinomaru Fujioka, 1970, syn. nov. a. Holotype ♀ spread specimen dorsal view; b. Same specimen, ventral view. Images © CUBM.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966B4229FF3BFB9735EFF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322070/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322070	FIGURE 2. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Nam La, Myanmar; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 2. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Nam La, Myanmar; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966B4229FF3BFB9735EFF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322082/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322082	FIGURE 8. Rapala nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; b. Female spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 8. Rapala nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; b. Female spread specimen from Uttarakhand, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966B4229FF3BFB9735EFF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322072/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322072	FIGURE 3. Rapala iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Darjeeling, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 3. Rapala iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Darjeeling, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966B4229FF3BFB9735EFF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322074/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322074	FIGURE 4. Rapala selira (Moore, 1874), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Shimla, India; b. Female spread specimen from Shimla, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 4. Rapala selira (Moore, 1874), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Shimla, India; b. Female spread specimen from Shimla, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966B4229FF3BFB9735EFF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322076/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322076	FIGURE 5. Rapala manea schistacea (Moore, 1879), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 5. Rapala manea schistacea (Moore, 1879), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966B4229FF3BFB9735EFF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322078/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322078	FIGURE 6. Rapala scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; b. Female spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 6. Rapala scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; b. Female spread specimen from Pahang, Malaysia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966A4237FF3BFC333798FF51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B966A4237FF3BFC333798FF51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322086/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322086	FIGURE 10. Rapala huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 10. Rapala huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017, with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96754236FF3BFA1D3788FCF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96754236FF3BFA1D3788FCF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322088/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322088	FIGURE 11. Rapala pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view without aedeagus; d. Male genitalia ventral view without aedeagus; e. Male genitalia lateral view without aedeagus; f. Aedeagus lateral view; g. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 11. Rapala pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view without aedeagus; d. Male genitalia ventral view without aedeagus; e. Male genitalia lateral view without aedeagus; f. Aedeagus lateral view; g. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96774234FF3BFF0B30EAFE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96774234FF3BFF0B30EAFE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322090/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322090	FIGURE 12. Rapala tara de Nicéville, [1889], with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 12. Rapala tara de Nicéville, [1889], with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; b. Female spread specimen from Khasi Hills, India; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96764234FF3BFDBE3144F82D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96764234FF3BFDBE3144F82D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322094/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322094	FIGURE 13. Rapala rosacea de Nicéville, [1889], with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Kaski District, Nepal, dorsal view; b. Same specimen, ventral view; c. Male genitalia ventral view.	FIGURE 13. Rapala rosacea de Nicéville, [1889], with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Kaski District, Nepal, dorsal view; b. Same specimen, ventral view; c. Male genitalia ventral view.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96714232FF3BFC4A305FFE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322068	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	FIGURE 1. Rapala Moore, 1881 species of Nepal in natural habitats. All images are © Sajan KC unless stated otherwise. The dorsal sides correspond to the same individuals shown from the ventral sides unless otherwise specified. a. Rapala varuna orseis Hewitson, 1863 ♂; b. R. iarbus iarbus (Fabricius, 1787) ♀ © Piet van der Poel; c. R. selira (Moore, 1874) ♀ © Richard C. Hoyer/Birdernaturalist (dorsal side different individual); d. R. manea schistacea (Moore, 1879) ♂; e. R. scintilla scintilla de Nicéville, 1890 ♂; f. R. rectivitta (Moore, 1879) ♂ © Albert Vliegenthart; g. R. nissa nissa (Kollar, [1844]) ♂; h. R. huangi Nakamura & Seki, 2017 ♀; i. R. pheretima petosiris (Hewitson, 1863) ♂; j. R. rosacea de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; k. R. tara de Nicéville, [1889] ♂; l. R. cf. dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878) ♀.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96714232FF3BFC4A305FFE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322096/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322096	FIGURE 14. Rapala dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red), potential occurrences (blue), and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Sumatra, Indonesia; b. Female spread specimen from Sumatra, Indonesia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 14. Rapala dieneces dieneces (Hewitson, 1878), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red), potential occurrences (blue), and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Sumatra, Indonesia; b. Female spread specimen from Sumatra, Indonesia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
0387897B96704231FF3BF9BD3481FC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17322099/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17322099	FIGURE 15. Rapala damona Swinhoe, 1890), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Sumatra, Indonesia; b. Female spread specimen from Java, Indonesia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	FIGURE 15. Rapala damona Swinhoe, 1890), with distribution map indicating confirmed occurrences (red) and areas lacking records (gray) in Nepal. a. Male spread specimen from Sumatra, Indonesia; b. Female spread specimen from Java, Indonesia; c. Male genitalia dorsal view; d. Male genitalia ventral view; e. Male genitalia lateral view; f. Female genitalia, ductus and corpus bursae.	2025-09-11	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh		Zenodo	biologists	Kc, Sajan;Poel, Piet Van Der;Pariyar, Surendra;Sunar, Aman;Limbu, Mahendra Singh			
