taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FB4C21FF9257433B6FFD7363A5F88E.taxon	description	Fig. 2 A – B	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9257433B6FFD7363A5F88E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) FRENCH GUIANA • 1 dorsal valve; stn CP 4399; 05 ° 59 ′ 6 ″ N, 52 ° 11 ′ 3 ″ W; depth 66 – 67 m; 8 Aug. 2014; Convention APA- 973 - 1; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2017 - 221 (Fig. 2 A – B). Type locality Cuba.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9257433B6FFD7363A5F88E.taxon	description	Description Shell roughly dorsi-biconvex: no ventral valve was observed in the samples, the dorsal valve is subcircular in outline, with a conical profile. Apex near the third posterior part, obviously smooth while the slopes are ornamented with close growth lines crossed by tiny radial costae. Pale to brownish colour. Owing to the paucity of the material sampled during these expeditions, the internal features are not described. Depth range 67 m.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9257433B6FFD7363A5F88E.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is known off French Guiana. Fairly wide distribution in the Caribbean (d’Orbigny 1845; Cooper 1977, in Jamaica), Nicaragua as far as Brazil (Dall 1920).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9457463B0FFE7E6383FD88.taxon	description	Fig. 2 C – K Patella anomala Müller, 1776.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9457463B0FFE7E6383FD88.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) MARTINIQUE – off Pointe de la Baleine • 1 valve; stn AS 370; 14 ° 31 ′ 1 ″ N, 61 ° 05 ′ 9 ″ W; depth 20 m; 30 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 966 (Fig. 2 F – K). – Robert Bay (E of Islet Madame) • 1 valve; stn AS 403; 14 ° 40 ′ 2 ″ N, 60 ° 52 ′ 5 ″ W; depth 11 m; 24 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 964 (Fig. 2 C) • 1 valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 965 (Fig. 2 D – E). – E of Loup Bordelais (Le Robert) • 1 shell; stn AB 405; 14 ° 32 ′ 2 ″ N, 60 ° 50 ′ 6 ″ W; depth 23 m; 25. Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. – Baie du Galion (Gros Raisin) • 4 dorsal valves; stn AB 400; 14 ° 43 ′ 9 ″ N, 60 ° 54 ′ 1 ″ W; 17 m; 25 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. Type locality Norway.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9457463B0FFE7E6383FD88.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. The dorsal valves observed are nearly sub-rounded to approximately sub-quadrate, with an irregular surface marked by growth lines, and an outline reflecting the texture of the substrate. These valves are flatly conical with a brown / yellowish colour either uniform or radial, visible also at the valve interior indicating a thin shell (Fig. 2 C – E). The valve interior reveals wide posterior adductor scars that are round to sub-oval (Fig. 2 F – G), arched to U-shaped anterior adductors, small anterior muscle scars on each side of the median septum or at the lateral posterior part of the latter (Fig. 2 E – G). MICROSTRUCTURE. The SEM allows observation of the distribution of punctae, at the internal valve surface, as well as details of the myotest (Fig. 2 H – J), pustules mainly at the posterior part (Fig. 2 G) and mosaic of calcite elements from the margins including the spiral growth of the tablets that form the “ semi-nacreous ” layer (Checa et al. 2009) (Fig. 2 K). Depth range 11 – 23 m.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9457463B0FFE7E6383FD88.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is known from the Caribbean Sea off Cuba (cf. Dall 1920), Jamaica (Jackson et al. 1971), off Central America (Cohen et al. 2014) to the North Atlantic Ocean (Gaspard 2003), the Mediterranean Sea (Fischer & Oehlert 1891), Red Sea (Zuschin & Mayrhofer 2009), the Indian and eastern and central Pacific oceans.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9457463B0FFE7E6383FD88.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology This species spends its life cemented by the ventral valve to hard substrates (e. g., pebbles or small blocks, corals) and rarely in muddy locations.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9457463B0FFE7E6383FD88.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species first mentioned by Dall (1871), from the Caribbean, as a variety of Crania anomala then as a separate species (1886), was reported by Cooper (1977) as Crania aff. pourtalesi as it was under Neocrania pourtalesi (Lee & Brunton 1986) before renaming the species as Novocrania pourtalesi, 2001. A recent review of the genus prompted Robinson (2017) to highlight the correct species spelling of N. pourtalesii and discuss the possible synonymy between N. pourtalesii and N. anomala. See for complete synonymy and discussion in Robinson (2017: 507).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9757473B78FDF462F3FE55.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9757473B78FDF462F3FE55.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – N of Grande Terre • 1 shell; stn CP 4529; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 176 – 183 m; 11 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 967 (Fig. 3 A) • 1 shell; stn DW 4542; 16 ° 40 ′ N, 61 ° 34 ′ W; depth 394 – 400 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 968 (Fig. 3 B – C). Type locality Reported as probably off the coast of Sicily (cf. Robinson 2017).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9757473B78FDF462F3FE55.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. A different shell, thicker than that of N. anomala (formerly considered as N. pourtalesii), flatly conical, with a more regular surface and a subquadrate outline (Fig. 3 A), and an apex located between the valve centre and the posterior margin. Sometimes wide radial zones, orange coloured, are observed at the posterior part. Concentric major growth marks ornament the shell surface with subtle tiny spines arranged in rows (Fig. 3 B). VENTRAL VALVE. This valve is nearly flat to concave like a cup, the interior reveals: sub-round or sub-oval posterior adductor muscle scars lightly convex in some cases, small oblique internal muscle scars latero-anterior to the posterior adductors and, sometimes a small median process, i. e., the rostellum with a curved tip. Large mantle canals are somewhere engraved in the surface (Fig. 3 C). The convex marginal rim is pustulous. MICROSTRUCTURE. SEM observations highlight the spiral growth of the semi-nacreous tablets as for the preceding species. Depth range 176 – 400 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 7 – 400 m reported by Robinson (2017).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9757473B78FDF462F3FE55.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is known from the Caribbean Sea to the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. See also the Indian, eastern and central Pacific oceans (Robinson 2017).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9757473B78FDF462F3FE55.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The shell of this species is pro parte cemented to hard substrate by its ventral valve.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9757473B78FDF462F3FE55.taxon	discussion	Remarks Comparisons with the reports of Dall (1871, 1886), Jeffreys (1878), Davidson (1886), Fischer & Oehlert (1891), the report of Logan & Long (2001), then the work of Cohen et al. (2014), as well as the material examined by Robinson (2017: 513 – 517) and his subsequent discussion about synonymy have led to the inclusion of this material in the species Novocrania turbinata. See synonymy in Robinson (2017: 513).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF99574B3B6BFE7B62F1FAE5.taxon	description	Figs 4 – 5	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF99574B3B6BFE7B62F1FAE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – N of Grande Terre • 1 shell; stn DW 4518; 16 ° 34 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 426 – 441 m; 9 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 5444; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 413 – 423 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 27 shells; stn DW 4546; 16 ° 31 ′ N, 61 ° 32 ′ W; depth 268 – 306 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 973 (Fig. 4 D) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 974 (Fig. 4 E) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 975 (Fig. 4 F) • 4 shells; stn DW 4549; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth. 343 – 402 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 6 shells; stn DW 4550; 16 ° 37 ′ N, 61 ° 31 ′ W; depth 432 – 482 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – W of Basse Terre • stn DW 4514; 16 ° 12 ′ N, 61 ° 51 ′ W; depth 792 – 800 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 977 (Fig. 5 A – E) • 1 valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1082. – E of La Désirade • 2 shells; stn DW 4556; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 49 ′ W; depth 367 – 428 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells + 1 juv.; stn DW 4558; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 312 – 385 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 976 (Fig. 4 I) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 978 (Fig. 5 F – H) • 12 shells; stn DW 4560; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 52 ′ W; depth 185 – 250 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4568; 16 ° 17 ′ N, 61 ° 01 ′ W; depth 208 – 362 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4569; 16 ° 17 ′ N, 61 ° 01 ′ W; depth 250 – 359 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 3 shells; stn DW 4570; 16 ° 19 ′ N, 61 ° 00 ′ W; depth 286 – 343 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 971 (Fig. 4 B) • 4 shells; stn DW 4572; 16 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 396 – 399 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 970 (Fig. 4 A). – W of La Désirade • 2 shells; stn DW 4582; 16 ° 08 ′ N, 61 ° 19 ′ W; depth 400 – 420 m; 19 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn CP 4608; 16 ° 14 ′ N, 60 ° 49 ′ W; depth 618 – 632 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 972 (Fig. 4 C). – N of Marie-Galante • 8 shells; stn DW 4586; 16 ° 00 ′ N, 61 ° 23 ′ W; depth 204 – 251 m; 21 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – W of Marie-Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4632; 15 ° 49 ′ N, 61 ° 28 ′ W; depth 376 – 393 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 7 shells; stn DW 4634; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 304 – 310 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Off NW Ireland.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF99574B3B6BFE7B62F1FAE5.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. The tiny dimensions of the representatives of this species means they are often overlooked. Smooth translucent thin-shell, biconvex, rarely exceeding 2 mm in length among sampled specimens, triangular with round angles anteriorly, rather rectimarginate. The foramen is wide open, elongate triangular, bordered by elevated narrow winged deltidial plates (Fig. 4 A – C). Some specimens possess more developed winged expansions of the deltidial plates (Fig. 4 D – F) that could be confused with those of the species C. curiosa Cooper, 1973, but these expansions are less round than in the latter species from the Indian Ocean (Cooper 1973). In some cases, the pedicle can be longer than the shell. It terminates via short rootlets at the point of attachment to the substrate (Fig. 4 I). VENTRAL VALVE. The ventral valve interior reveals relatively strong dental plates (Fig. 4 G – H). DORSAL VALVE. The dorsal valve interior shows a small cardinal process, erect inner dental socket ridges, wide open dental sockets, typical long crural branches ending in hand-like crura (Fig. 5 A – C), blade-like median septum ending by a high plateau antero-ventrally (Fig. 5 D – G) and faint muscle scars (Fig. 5 G). MICROSTRUCTURE. In addition to the fibrous mosaic viewed through transparent shells (Fig. 4 B, D – E), observations using the SEM reveal the fibrous mosaic of the valve floor, teeth, arms and crura, sides and plateau of the median septum (Fig. 5 B, E, G – H), as well as the brachiotest (Fig. 5 G). Their orientation and size modifications are highlighted (Figs 4 E, 5 D – H). Depth range 185 – 800 m, Karubenthos expedition; elsewhere: 136 – 850 m.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF99574B3B6BFE7B62F1FAE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is known in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Straits of Florida, Florida Keys, S of Grand Bahama Island, S – SW of Panama City; Barbados (Cooper 1959, 1977; Asgaard & Stentoft 1984; Logan 1990).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF99574B3B6BFE7B62F1FAE5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The thin and long slender pedicle allow easy movements and orientation of the thin shell in the sea water. This species has a relative wide depth tolerance.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF99574B3B6BFE7B62F1FAE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks Rhynchonellid brachiopods are uncommon in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea. Cryptopora is the only genus currently known there.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9A574D3B29F9D4640AF9FD.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9A574D3B29F9D4640AF9FD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4574; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 140 – 340 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 979 (Fig. 6 A – C) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 981 (Fig. 6 G – J) • 1 fragmented valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1081. – W of Marie-Galante • 1 shell; stn CP 4595; 15 ° 58 ′ N, 61 ° 22 ′ W; depth 208 – 211 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 980 (Fig. 6 D – F). Type locality Barbados.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9A574D3B29F9D4640AF9FD.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Adult shells of this species can reach 30 mm. The shape is elongate, ventri-biconvex, with a lightly curved umbo truncated obliquely by a wide foramen with a strong tendency to be labiate. The maximum width is anterior to the mid length (Fig. 6 A, D, G). The lateral margins are inclined ventrally to the anterior part, then suddenly change orientation to highlight the high folding of the broad anterior margin (Fig. 6 B – C, E – F, H – I). The shell surface is marked by growth lines and laterally by capillae that cross the main growth lines. DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals the cardinal process and wide inclined outer hinge plates, high crural bases, posterior dental sockets blunt and anterior ones wide open. The descending branches (or lamellae) are large and slightly oblique, and the transverse band presents a relatively high median fold. When broken, the brachidium lets the elongate adductor prints to be visible at the shell floor. VENTRAL VALVE. The ventral valve reveals muscle imprints inside and by transparency (Fig. 6 J – K). MICROSTRUCTURE. Three-layered shell under the organic periostracum: acicular primary layer, fibrous secondary layer and prismatic / columnar tertiary layer, both entirely crossed by endopunctae.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9A574D3B29F9D4640AF9FD.taxon	distribution	Depth range 140 – 340 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 115 – 915 m in Cooper (1977). Distribution The species is recorded S of Martinique, W of Montserrat, NE of La Isabela (Cuba), off French Guiana, Virgin Islands (Cooper 1977), Barbados, West Florida, off Grenada.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9A574D3B29F9D4640AF9FD.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Owing to the shape of the foramen, the shell is attached by a short pedicle to hard substrates, generally with the dorsal valve lying next to them. The species has a wide depth tolerance.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9C57513B2CF95E630EFB15.taxon	description	Figs 7 – 8	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9C57513B2CF95E630EFB15.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn CP 4595; 15 ° 58 ′ N, 61 ° 22 ′ W; depth 208 – 211 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – S of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4638; 15 ° 50 ′ N, 61 ° 19 ′ W; depth 305 – 312 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN. – W of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4599; 15 ° 53 ′ N, 61 ° 25 ′ W; depth 262 – 266 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 982 (Fig. 7 A – C) • 2 valves; same data as preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1072 (Fig. 7 F, K), MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1073 (Fig. H). – E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4558; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 312 – 385 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4574; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 140 – 340 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 983 (Fig. 7 D – E) • 1 shell; stn CP 4614; 16 ° 23 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 260 – 270 m; 25 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Les Saintes • 1 shell; stn DW 4626; 15 ° 57 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 210 – 233; 26 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 984 (Figs 7 G, I – J, 8 A – B). Type locality Off Nicaragua.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9C57513B2CF95E630EFB15.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Mostly adult large ventri-biconvex shells, rather pentagonal than triangular, widest at nearly mid length. Shells have been found white, pale cream or nearly dark (suspicion of pollution) ornamented by faint capillae on the lateral sides (Fig. 7 A – B, D). The foramen is round to slightly labiate, the broad anterior margin rather monoplicate (Fig. 7 C) and the ventral umbo suberect. The lateral margins (S-shaped) are incurved ventrally at the anterior part (Fig. 7 B). Growth marks are easily seen particularly at the mid anterior shell part with sometimes traces of attachment of congenerics, cf. Podichnus centrifugalis Bromley & Surlyk, 1973 (Bromley & Surlyk 1973), here observed on the outer surface (Fig. 7 F). DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals the semi-elliptical cardinal process, a relatively large variable loop, with high and long crural bases, dental sockets wide open anteriorly, crural processes turned to the median plane, descending branches shaping brackets, folded transverse band wide with two slightly curved anterolateral ends (Fig. 7 I – J). When the lophophore is in place or removed from its support (the brachidium), one can observe spicules at its base with a simple shape compared to those of the body wall. When the valve is cleaned from the lophophore, large spicules on the body wall are observed protecting the soft parts. They also exist along the mantle canals with a more elongate form. These mantle canals can be observed by transparency and at the internal surface of the valves: vascula media and vascula lateralis (Fig. 7 D – E). The brachidium being broken, the elongate teardrop-shaped adductor scars are observed (Fig. 7 K). VENTRAL VALVE. The valve reveals concave deltidial plates and, at the posterior part of the valve interior, the teeth are small and the pedicle collar present. The body wall has wide spicules close each to the other (Fig. 8 A), the spicules becoming thinner anteriorly towards the vascula. The observation of internal surface of the body wall fragments reveals the polygonal pattern of the orange gonads (Fig. 8 B). Spicules were observed at the basal lophophore arms (Fig. 8 C). When the body wall is removed, the complex shape of the muscles, adductors (anterior and posterior) and diductors and / or their imprints, is visible (Fig. 7 G – H). MICROSTRUCTURE. Longitudinal sections of the shells allow observation of a three-layered shell under the organic periostracum: a thin acicular primary layer, a fibrous secondary layer and a thick tertiary layer (Fig. 8 D – E), the fibres being in continuity with the prisms (Fig. 8 F). At the posterior and anterior regions an alternance of secondary and tertiary layers is observed (Fig. 8 D, G) with marks of major growth rhythms. The latter are very close together near the internal surface and near the anterior edge in aged specimens. At the nano level, fibres and prisms reveal elementary growth lines and submicrometric granules (Fig. 8 H). Sometimes, a close-up view at the primary layer reveals the presence of microboring organisms (Fig. 8 E).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9C57513B2CF95E630EFB15.taxon	distribution	Depth range 140 – 385 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 201 – 289 m, Cooper (1977). Distribution The species was recorded by Cooper (1977) in the Caribbean Sea: off Nicaragua.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF9C57513B2CF95E630EFB15.taxon	discussion	Remarks The high number of species (17 sp. nov. + 1 sp. 1) in the genus Tichosina reported by Cooper (1977) led to some comments by Rojas et al. (2015) who tentatively synonymised T. dubia and T. bullisi with Tichosina plicata (see also Rojas et al. 2022). In the present work, it is not easy to follow the position of these authors for Tichosina bullisi, according to the proportions of the different parts of the articulation and brachidium, and because they did not illustrate a wide comparative representation of the brachidium of the different species. In addition, Cooper (1983: 259) introduced a new genus: Eurysina for some of the species of Tichosina thereby increasing the confusion. In the present study, I follow the position of Logan (2007) in the Treatise for this species and the others described below. But in other aspects, to give an idea of the real shape of the brachidium for each species, it is necessary, when imaged, to take into consideration the convexity of the valves. More often the dorsal valve can be tilted slightly posteriorly, which completely changes the aspect of the proportions and shape of the brachidium. While Cooper’s work is quite pioneering for the Caribbean region pro parte, he rendered species recognition somewhat difficult by ignoring in other aspects the potential variability in a population, even between populations of a same species.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8057533B73FB536447FA79.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8057533B73FB536447FA79.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn CP 4558; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 312 – 385 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 986 (Fig. 9) • 1 shell; stn DW 4572; 16 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 396 – 399 m: 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Off Havana, Cuba.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8057533B73FB536447FA79.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Large adult ventri-biconvex shell with a rounded triangular outline (Fig. 9 A, C), lateral commissures slightly incurved ventrally, then roughly straight (Fig. 9 D), anterior margin rectimarginate (Fig. 9 B), to broadly and very slightly monoplicate. Ventral umbo barely curved, truncated by a large round foramen; a short pedicle collar is observed inside it (Fig. 9 A, E). The symphytium that bounds dorsally the wide foramen is concave and large anteriorly but partly hidden by the bulging dorsal umbo (Fig. 9 A, E). The growth marks are best revealed at the anterior part of the shell and laterally (Fig. 9 B, D). VENTRAL VALVE. After disarticulation of the valves, the ventral valve interior reveals relatively thin and elongate teeth (Fig. 9 E) and the location of the ventral muscles. DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior shows the presence of a transverse cardinal process, dental sockets covered posteriorly and widely open anteriorly, a loop relatively short with wide hinge plates limited by narrow elevated crural bases, short crural processes ± oriented to the plane of symmetry of the valve, crural processes arriving at the level of the anterior part of the hinge plates, short arched descending branches and a wide transverse band showing a median fold (Fig. 9 F). When the valve is observed slightly tilted posteriorly, the transverse band of the loop reveals an obviously marked fold. Beneath and laterally to this loop the limited mantle body wall is revealed with the classical wide spicules of the genus Tichosina (Fig. 9 G – H). This body wall is protecting the soft parts including the set of muscles. MICROSTRUCTURE. The punctate three-layered shell is similar with that of T. bullisi.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8057533B73FB536447FA79.taxon	distribution	Depth range 312 – 385 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 146 – 963 m in Cooper (1977). Distribution The species is recorded from the Gulf of Mexico: common in the Straits of Florida, off Key west, Florida and on the Mississippi cone east of Cape Romano Florida, found off Cuba, NE and SW of Sainte Lucie, NE and E of Dominica, W of Anguilla, N of Virgin Islands, S and N of Guadeloupe (Cooper 1977).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8057533B73FB536447FA79.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The shells are often covered with small crustaceans and worms in their tubes that, while suspension feeders, are opportunists (rather than acting by kleptomania) (Fig. 9 A – D).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8257543B17F9B96394F813.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BC 0 EA 037 - 0 FF 7 - 4 FBD-A 53 C-FF 71 E 3 E 7 A 6 DB Fig. 10 A – G	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8257543B17F9B96394F813.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Quasi equally convex medium sized shell, rather bulged at the dorsal posterior part, with a rounded outline, a relative wide foramen and a narrow paraplicate anterior margin. Brachidium narrow, with a marked median fold of the transverse band and spicules of the mantle body wall thin. Differential diagnosis The species differs from the other members of the genus, primarily in its smaller size and dorsal convexity. Addtionally, the anterior margin differs in being neither rectimarginate (T. cubensis), nor moderately monoplicate (T. plicata), nor highly and widely monoplicate (T. bullisi). The brachidium does not possess lateral extensions as in T. solida. The paraplicate anterior margin has not been observed in any other species of the genus.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8257543B17F9B96394F813.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after the Amerindian name of the Island of Martinique: Madinina.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8257543B17F9B96394F813.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • shell; stn DW 4613; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 210 – 240 m; 25 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 987 a (Fig. 10 A – C). Paratypes GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 1 dorsal valve; stn DW 4613; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 210 – 240 m; 25 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 987 b (Fig. 10 D). – W of Marie-Galante • 1 shell; stn CP 4598; 15 ° 56 ′ N, 61 ° 23 ′ W; depth 207 – 211 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 988 (Fig. 10 E – G). Type locality Guadeloupe, E of La Désirade, 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8257543B17F9B96394F813.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. A white, medium-sized, translucent shell was observed with an anterior margin revealing differences from the other species of the genus Tichosina. Maximum width at mid-dorsal valve or slightly anterior to it, moderately curved ventral umbo cut by a slightly labiate to round foramen (Fig. 10 A, E). The lateral margins are nearly straight (Fig. 10 B, G) and the anterior one is undulating, paraplicate (Fig. 10 C, F). DORSAL VALVE. Mantle canals and body wall were observed by transparency on the dorsal valve (Fig. 10 A). The spicules in the mantle body wall (Fig. 10 D) present some differences from those of the other species included in the genus Tichosina (but the age of the specimen can be important). The brachidium has a median fold. Traces of close adductors can be observed by transparency at the posterior part of the valve. MICROSTRUCTURE. The scarcity of this fragile material prevents observation of the microstructural details.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8257543B17F9B96394F813.taxon	discussion	Remarks Numerous other specimens could help reconsider the status of the genus.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8257543B17F9B96394F813.taxon	distribution	Depth range 207 – 240 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 201 – 238 m (Cooper 1977). Distribution The species was reported from Virgin Islands (Cooper 1977, cf. sp. 1).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757563B2BFEA163A5F912.taxon	description	Fig. 10 H – L	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757563B2BFEA163A5F912.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 9 shells; stn DW 4553; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 111 – 162 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 989 (Fig. 10 H – J) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 990 (Fig. 10 K – L). Type locality Off Venezuelan coasts.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757563B2BFEA163A5F912.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Some shells of the species from stn DW 4553, showing the same external morphology, pose a problem, because their pr. p. reveals some of the characteristics of Tichosina solida with their tiny extensions on the lateral descending branches of the brachidum, but they are of medium size, mainly less than 20 mm, elongate with a strong straight monoplicate anterior margin (Fig. 10 I) and a labiate foramen, pedicle collar widely visible and symphytium concave (Fig. 10 H – K). The beak is slightly curved to suberect. Some major growth lines mark the external surface (Fig. 10 J). VENTRAL VALVE. The separate valves reveal highly impressed muscle scars and elongate teeth detached from the margins (Fig. 10 K). DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals a brachidium with some peculiarities. If the brachidium shows a classical aspect in some cases, in certain specimens it tends to be an intermediary to that of Tichosina solida (see below), e. g., with a thin narrow external extension of the hinge plates up to the level of the crural processes, while all of them possess a nearly narrow fold at the transverse band (Fig. 10 L). It is convenient to consider only one species with ± development of this extension along the descending lamellae (see T. solida Cooper, 1977). MICROSTRUCTURE. The species has a punctate three-layered shell like the other species of the genus.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757563B2BFEA163A5F912.taxon	distribution	Depth range 111 – 162 m, Karubenthos 2 expedition; 60 – 641 m reported by Cooper (1977). Distribution The species is recorded from the Yucatan Channel, off Venezuela, W of Isla de la Tortuga, off Trinidad as far as French and British Guiana as well as Surinam (Cooper 1977).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757563B2BFEA163A5F912.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The short pedicle keeps the shell attached closely to the substrate.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757583B11F95164ABF9D1.taxon	description	Fig. 11	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757583B11F95164ABF9D1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – SW of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4636; 15 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 262 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 991 (Fig. 11 A – C) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 992 (Fig. 11 D – E). – S of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4646; 15 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 18 ′ W; depth 250 – 254 m; 29 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 993 (Fig. 11 F – H). Type locality Trinidad.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757583B11F95164ABF9D1.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. The shell is relatively large but more elongate than that of T. bullisi, with a length averaging 27 mm. The maximum width is at the anterior half of the shell length (Fig. 11 A), nearly biconvex with maximum convexity posteriorly (Fig. 11 B). The symphytium is concave most often hidden by the dorsal convexity. The lateral margins are sinuate (Fig. 11 B, G), and the anterior margin is relatively broad and monoplicate (Fig. 11 C, H). The ventral umbo is suberect, widely and obliquely truncated by the wide foramen with a tendency to be labiate. Major growth lines mark the surface and faint radial capillae are revealed laterally. VENTRAL VALVE. The valve interior possesses small strong teeth and impressed muscular scars (Fig. 11 D). DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior presents a short brachial loop, a small transverse cardinal process, dental sockets covered posteriorly and relatively wide anteriorly, large and slightly concave hinge plates limited by the crural base that forms a high inner edge for these plates. The curved crural processes overhang the posterior transverse band, the latter flaring slightly anteriorly, and being moderately folded (Fig. 11 E). A remarkable detail of this species is the relatively short crural bases, the crural processes appearing very soon after the anterior of the hinge plates (Fig. 11 E). MICROSTRUCTURE. This species presents a punctate three-layered shell as do the other species of the genus. Depth range Karubenthos 2 expedition (206 – 254 m); 93 – 115 m (Cooper 1977, 1983).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757583B11F95164ABF9D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is known from E of Trinidad and off Venezuela (Cooper 1977, 1983), see also the comments of Rojas et al. (2015) for Colombia.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8757583B11F95164ABF9D1.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology A short pedicle, through the wide worn foramen, attached the shell close to the substrate.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF89575A3B2DF91F6209FA77.taxon	description	Fig. 12	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF89575A3B2DF91F6209FA77.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4578; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 119 – 250 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 994 (Fig. 12) • 1 shell; stn 4614; 16 ° 23 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W, depth 260 – 270 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Off Floridan coasts.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF89575A3B2DF91F6209FA77.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Shell somewhat ventri-biconvex, rather large for the genus, wider at mid-length, elongate posterior part (Fig. 12 A). Slightly inclined lateral margins (Fig. 12 B) followed by a sudden but small dorsal change of direction, while the anterior margin is broadly and very slightly monoplicate (Fig. 12 C). The foramen is large, round to slightly labiate, it cuts obliquely the suberect ventral umbo and is limited dorsally by a concave and inclined symphytium (Fig. 12 A, D). Shell with the external surface marked by apparent concentric growth lines (Fig. 12 B). VENTRAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals a short pedicle collar, sometimes bordering the remaining pedicle through the foramen with attaching muscles as well as solid teeth and mantle body wall protecting the soft parts, including the muscles (Fig. 12 D). DORSAL VALVE. This valve possesses a relatively large (protruding) cardinal process, a loop around ¼ of valve length, with concave wide outer hinge plates bordered by elevated crural bases. The dental sockets are posteriorly covered, and the crural processes face each other. The broad transverse band that flares slightly anteriorly reveals a narrow fold bordered by two grooves (Fig. 12 E). The peculiarity of this species, compared to the others included in the genus, is the marked extension of a narrow ribbon at the external anterior end of each hinge plate reaching the level beneath the crural processes (Fig. 12 E – G). Notice that the position of the imaged valve is of importance, particularly for assessing the shape of the brachidium (regardless of the species concerned, cf. here Fig. 12 E – F). The fragile mantle body wall is best observed when the dorsal valve is tilted posteriorly (Fig. 12 F), revealing details of the spicules and the origin of the mantle canals. The body wall and spicules are like those of the other species in the genus. MICROSTRUCTURE. The shell of this species is three-layered as for all species of the genus.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF89575A3B2DF91F6209FA77.taxon	distribution	Depth range 119 – 268 m Karubenthos 2 expedition; 220 – 302 m (Cooper 1977). Distribution In addition, the species was reported by Cooper (1977) from Sand Key, Florida, and Straits of Florida, SE of Key West and W of Key West.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8B575A3B27F9B464A6F90F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Erymnia muralifera Cooper, 1977: 94, pl. 12 figs 3 – 4, pl. 13 figs 1 – 22, pl. 14 figs 1 – 10.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8B575B3B03F94C6513F8CC.taxon	description	Fig. 13	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8B575B3B03F94C6513F8CC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4634; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 304 – 310 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 995 (Fig. 13 A – C) • 1 shell + 1 juv.; stn DW 4647; 15 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 263 – 264 m; 29 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – S of Marie Galante • 1 juv.; stn DW 4638; 15 ° 50 ′ N, 61 ° 19 ′ W; depth 305 – 312 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 996 (Fig. 13 D) • 1 juv.; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 997 (Fig. 13 E – F). – E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4574; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 140 – 340 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 998 (Fig. 13 G – I). Type locality S of Grand Bahama and NE side of Straits of Florida.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8B575B3B03F94C6513F8CC.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Wide ventri-biconvex shell, rather subcircular in outline, ventral umbo suberect and cut obliquely by a rounded or slightly labiate medium foramen (Fig. 13 A). The symphytium is partly hidden and the pedicle collar relatively short. The external surface exhibits strong major growth lines. The lateral margins are nearly straight until the very anterior part of the shell (Fig. 13 B); in contrast to juveniles, the shell margins of adults are thick with a tendency to be slightly incurved towards the inner side. The anterior margin is rectimarginate to slightly monoplicate (Fig. 13 C). The shells were white or greyish when found, the brown colour probably being due to pollution. DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals a relatively small cardinal process (Fig. 13 D – E, H), short dental sockets narrow and semi-covered posteriorly, but deep and enlarged anteriorly. Short outer hinge plates barely concave attached to the crural bases, themselves attached to the valve floor by means of two vertical plates (Fig. 13 D – E, H). The rather close crural processes are short and curved a little bit towards the median plane (Fig. 13 D – E, H – I). The brachial loop is short with a large slightly folded transverse band with two short lateral projections (Fig. 13 D – E, H – I). The adductor muscle scars are narrow, close to the median plane (Fig. 13 D – E). Mantle canals (vascula media and vascula lateralis) are deeply impressed in some specimens, visible beneath the transverse band protected by elongate spicules starting from the anterior part of the body wall itself with large, obviously thick, spicules revealing differences from those of the genus Tichosina (Fig. 13 H – I). VENTRAL VALVE. The ventral valve reveals a curved partly visible symphytium (Fig. 13 A, F – G) and a well-marked pedicle collar in the juveniles, rather abraded in adults (Fig. 13 G) indicating a short pedicle, medium strong disengaged hinge teeth (Fig. 13 F – G) and a wide multi-muscles cast. The limited soft parts are protected by a body wall consisting here in wide self-locking spicules (Fig. 13 F, H – I). MICROSTRUCTURE. SEM observations reveal a punctate three-layered shell as for species of the genus Tichosina.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8B575B3B03F94C6513F8CC.taxon	distribution	Depth range 140 – 340 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 205 – 575 m (Cooper 1977). Distribution The species is recorded elsewhere by Cooper (1977), in the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters: S of Grand Bahama Island, Straits of Florida and N of Virgin Islands.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8B575B3B03F94C6513F8CC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Owing to the heavily abraded margin of the foramen, the shells are closely connected to hard substrates.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8C575D3B1BFEE26406FE7C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Stenosarina angustata Cooper, 1977: 95 – 97, pl. 31 figs 26 – 33, pl. 33 figs 7 – 11.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8C575F3B18FDBB6175FDAF.taxon	description	Fig. 14	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8C575F3B18FDBB6175FDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – N of Grande Terre • 1 shell; stn DW 4550; 16 ° 37 ′ N, 61 ° 31 ′ W; depth 432 – 482 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 999 (Fig. 14 A – B) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1001 (Fig. 14 E – F) • 1 shell; stn DW 4549; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 343 – 402 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1000 (Fig. 14 C – D) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1002 (Fig. 14 G – H). –? E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4613; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 210 – 240 m; 25 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Île des Saintes • 1 shell; stn DW 4626; 15 ° 57 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 210 – 233 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality NE Island of Dominica.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8C575F3B18FDBB6175FDAF.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Very few specimens were found. Shell of medium size for the genus, subtriangular-rounded in outline (Fig. 14 A, C) and ventri-biconvex. The short suberect ventral beak is truncated by a medium pseudo-labiate foramen, the symphytium is slightly concave, the lateral margins nearly sigmoidal, and the anterior margin rectimarginate. The maximum width is situated at the ¼ anterior shell length. The few shells observed are white, nearly translucent and empty. Faint capillae are best revealed laterally at the external surface (Fig. 14 B, D). The convexity of the dorsal valve is more important in its posterior part venturing to hide the symphytium. VENTRAL VALVE. The inner valve shows small teeth and main muscle imprints (Fig. 14 E). DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals a small cardinal process, a narrow loop of approximately ¼ dorsal valve length. The outer hinge plates are narrow and long, tapering, the parallel crural bases are elevated along the inner margins of outer hinge plates, the crural processes are blunt and the brachial transverse band heavily folded medially owing to its tightness (Fig. 14 F). Delicate spicules are observed laterally and beneath the brachidium (Fig. 14 G). MICROSTRUCTURE. The shell of this species is very thin, composed of two layers under the periostracum (primary and fibrous secondary layers). Minute punctae are observed. The inner margins of the valves reveal brown setae from invaginated follicles along mantle grooves, generally protruding beyond the shell margin (Fig. 14 D, H).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8C575F3B18FDBB6175FDAF.taxon	distribution	Depth range 210 – 482 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 549 – 608 m (Cooper 1977). Distribution The species is known from the NE side of Dominica Island, N of the east end of the Dominican Republic (Cooper 1977), and banks of the Ibero-Morrocan Gulf (Gaspard 2003).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8C575F3B18FDBB6175FDAF.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology Even though the shells are of medium size, epibionts (small crustaceans) are observed attached to the valves.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8E575F3B0EFD6462E7FCF0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8E57653B04FC3C614BFEDB.taxon	description	Figs 15 – 16, 17 A – B	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8E57653B04FC3C614BFEDB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Basse Terre • 2 shells; stn DW 4510; 16 ° 15 ′ N, 61 ° 51 ′ W; depth 660 – 690 m; 7 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 4 juvs; stn CP 4513; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 406 – 644 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 3 shells; stn DW 4514; 16 ° 12 ′ N, 61 ° 51 ′ W; depth 792 – 800 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4518; 16 ° 34 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 426 – 441 m; 9 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – W of Marie Galante • 3 shells + juvs; stn DW 4586; 16 ° 00 ′ N, 61 ° 23 ′ W; depth 204 – 251 m; 21 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 juv.; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1004 (Fig. 15 B) • 7 shells + 3 juvs; stn DW 4518; 15 ° 59 ′ N, 61 ° 27 ′ W; depth 150 – 221 m; 21 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 40 shells; stn DW 4590; 15 ° 57 ′ N, 61 ° 27 ′ W; depth 83 – 135 m; 21 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4594; 15 ° 58 ′ N, 61 ° 23 ′ W; depth 200 – 206 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN • 1 juv.; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1006 (Fig. 15 D) • 4 shells; stn DW 4597; 15 ° 26 ′ N, 61 ° 23 ′ W; 208 – 210 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 32 shells; stn DW 4599; 15 ° 53 ′ N, 61 ° 25 ′ N; depth 262 – 266 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 preadult shells; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1009, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1010 (Fig. 16 A – B) • 6 shells; stn DW 4622; 15 ° 55 ′ N, 61 ° 30 ′ W; depth 182 – 203 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 5 shells; stn DW 4630; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 28 ′ W; depth 379 – 428 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 4 shells + 2 juvs; stn DW 4632; 15 ° 49 ′ N, 61 ° 28 ′ W; depth 376 – 393 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 5 shells; stn DW 4633; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 28 ′ W; depth 378 – 432 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 3 shells + 4 juvs; stn DW 4634; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 304 – 310 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell + 9 juvs; stn DW 4635; 15 ° 50 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 265 – 268 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN • 3 shells; stn DW 4647; 15 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 263 – 264 m; 29 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 valve; stn DW 4649; 16 ° 30 ′ N, 61 ° 27 ′ W; depth 367 – 389 m; 29 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Marie Galante • 1 shell + 4 juvs; stn DW 4600; 16 ° 02 ′ N, 61 ° 18 ′ W; depth 557 – 680 m; 23 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4602; 16 ° 02 ′ N, 61 ° 17 ′ W; depth 507 – 670 m; 23 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – S of Marie Galante • 1 juv.; stn DW 4638; 15 ° 50 ′ N, 61 ° 19 ′ W; depth 305 – 312 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 4 shells + 1 juv.; stn DW 4639; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 20 ′ W; depth 485 – 496 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 22 shells; stn DW 4642; 15 ° 47 ′ N, 61 ° 12 ′ W; depth 550 – 562 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 juv. shell; stn DW 4639; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 20 ′ W; depth 485 - 496 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1075 (Fig. 15 G-I; Fig. 17 a-B) • 6 shells; stn DW 4644; 15 ° 49 ′ N, 61 ° 06 ′ W; depth 835 – 898 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 4 shells; stn DW 4646; 15 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 18 ′ W; depth 250 – 254 m; 29 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – E of La Désirade • 29 shells; stn DW 4553; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 111 – 162 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1005 (Fig. 15 C) • 2 shells + 3 juvs; stn DW 4554; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 56 ′ W; depth 300 – 370 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1003 (Fig. 15 A) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 10012 (Fig. 16 E – F) • 16 shells + 8 juvs; stn DW 4555; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 51 ′ W; depth 100 – 258 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 9 shells; stn DW 4556; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 49 ′ W; depth 367 – 428 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 4 shells; stn DW 4558; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 312 – 385 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4560; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 52 ′ W; depth 185 – 250 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4561; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 278 – 446 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 juv.; stn DW 4566; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 51 ′ W; depth 165 – 260 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 6 shells; 1 stn, DW 4572; 6 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 396 – 399 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 17 shells + 5 valves; stn DW 4573; 16 ° 20 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 389 – 413 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1008 (Fig. 15 F) • 1 valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1011 (Fig. 16 C) • 2 shells; stn DW 4575; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 53 ′ W; depth 79 – 165 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 11 shells; stn DW 4577; 16 ° 20 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 358 – 402 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4579; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 228 – 264 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 3 shells; stn DW 4581; 16 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 52 ′ W; depth 221 – 450 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4607; 16 ° 15 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 600 – 608 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4609; 16 ° 15 ′ N, 60 ° 49 ′ W; depth 535 – 673 m; 24 Jun. 2015, Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell + 4 valves; stn DW 4611; 16 ° 20 ′ N, 60 ° 52 ′ W; depth 242 – 263 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 17 shells; stn DW 4613; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 210 – 240 m; 25 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4615; 16 ° 23 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 226 – 270 m; 25 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 3 shells; stn DW 4618; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 45 ′ W; depth 780 – 828 m; 25 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Île Les Saintes: 4 juvs; stn DW 4626; 15 ° 67 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 210 – 233 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4627; 15 ° 56 ′ N, 61 ° 38 ′ W; depth; 277 – 304 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Grande Terre • 2 shells; stn DW 4518; 16 ° 34 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 426 – 441 m; 9 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 juv.; stn DW 4527; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 61 ° 34 ′ W; depth 180 m; 10 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 3 shells; stn DW 4537; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 31 ′ W; depth 495 – 570 m; 12 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 6 shells; stn DW 4540; 16 ° 42 ′ N, 61 ° 36 ′ W; depth 618 – 627 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4541; 16 ° 42 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 615 – 630 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4642; 16 ° 42 ′ N, 61 ° 34 ′ W; depth 394 – 400 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells + 5 juvs; stn DW 4544; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 413 – 423 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4545; 16 ° 29 ′ 7 ″ N, 61 ° 31 ′ 4 ″ W; depth 60 – 82 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 10 shells + 5 juvs; stn DW 4549; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 343 – 402 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1007 (Figs 15 E, 16 D) • 2 juvs; stn DW 4550; 16 ° 37 ′ N, 61 ° 31 ′ W; depth 432 – 482 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – E of Petite Terre (Grand Cul de sac marin, facing Fajou) • 1 shell; stn GN 13; 16 ° 23 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 138 m; 6 May 2012; Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN • 3 shells; 16 ° 12 ′ 1 ″ N, 61 ° 03 ′ 9 ″ W; depth 95 m; 26 May 2012; Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Lee side of Guadeloupe.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8E57653B04FC3C614BFEDB.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Common small shell (~ 10 mm and sometimes slightly more) described for the first time from Guadeloupe, elongate, rather narrow oval in juveniles, slightly widened at the anterior part in adults (Fig. 15 A). The posterior dorsal valve is auriculate (Fig. 15 A – B). A white to orange colour is often observed (Fig. 15 C). The shell is multicostellate with some finer intercalations from the anterior margin (Fig. 15 A – B, D). These costellae are strongly beaded in juveniles and less in older individuals, i. e., such that adults possess this aspect only at their posterior part. The ventral umbo is erect to suberect, cut by a large open foramen bordered by rudimentary disjunct deltidial plates. The anterior margin is rectimarginate to very slightly folded at the anterior dorsal valve. The shell is attached by means of the pedicle rootlets to (or through) foraminifers as well as to wider and immobile substrates (Fig. 15 A, C), including corals and congeners. VENTRAL VALVE. The valve interior shows a relatively large pedicle collar and strong hinge teeth (Fig. 15 E – F). Interlocking spicules are revealed in the mantle, strengthening the body wall, and thinner ones protecting the mantle canals (Figs 15 E, 16 E – F). DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals a semi-circular cardinal process, large, wide open dental sockets with a high internal ridge fused to the crural bases, and absence of hinge plates. Crura converging, crural processes facing each other in young specimens (Fig. 15 G – H) then fusing to form a ring with the transverse band shaping a median fold (Fig. 16 A – B). The latter often presents a projection oriented anteriorly (Fig. 15 G). This ring (Fig. 16 C) supports the lophophore (Fig. 16 D) with spicules at the basal part of their arms (Fig. 16 G). When the brachidium is broken or the lophophore removed, it is easy to see the wide mantle canals. The inner margin of the two valves presents interlocking eminences marked by a follicule in the middle highlighted by a line of punctae, intercalated with follicular embayments where the setae appear (Figs 15 E, 16 D – E, H). The later appear at the shell margins. Each seta arises from an invaginated follicle along mantle grooves (Figs 15 E, 16 E). MICROSTRUCTURE. Two-layered shell (primary and secondary layers). The fibrous mosaic of the secondary layer presents modifications in shape and size according to their position at the different internal parts: pedicle collar (Fig. 17 A – B), cardinal process, dental sockets, crural processes (Fig. 15 G – I) and valve floor: from the margin to the valve centre (Fig. 16 H). The punctae are not equally distributed in the shell, their position is mostly related to the location of the costellae. Their diameter decreases rapidly from the margins.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8E57653B04FC3C614BFEDB.taxon	distribution	Depth range 60 – 828 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 18 – 1089 m (Cooper 1977); 32 – 1163 m (Logan 2007) (see also Logan 1977, 1990; Asgaard & Stentoft 1984; Zezina 2000). Distribution The species is common in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico: Straits of Florida, Grand Bahama, Yucatan Channel, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Nevis, Guadeloupe, Dominica Island, St Lucia, Barbados, St Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, Isla de la Tortuga, as far as the northeastern coasts of South America (Venezuela, French Guiana) (Cooper 1977); Columbia (Rojas et al. 2015).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FF8E57653B04FC3C614BFEDB.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The medium length of the pedicle with its rootlets allows a stable attachment to different kinds of substrate.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB457663B01FE19644DFE30.taxon	description	Fig. 17 C – I	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB457663B01FE19644DFE30.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Basse Terre • 1 juv.; stn CP 4516; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 51 ′ W; depth 749 – 768 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – E of La Désirade • 25 shells; stn DW 4553; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 111 – 162 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4555; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 51 ′ W; depth 100 – 258 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1013 (Fig. 17 C), MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1083 (Fig. 17 F) • 1 shell; stn DW 4574; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 140 – 340 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1014, MNHM-IB- 2022 - 1015 (Fig. 17 D – G). – W of Marie Galante • 3 juvs; stn DW 4589; 15 ° 59 ′ N, 61 ° 27 ′ W; depth 150 – 221 m; 21 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4590; 15 ° 57 ′ N, 61 ° 27 ′ W; depth 83 – 135 m; 21 Jun 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1076 (Fig. 17 H – I) • 1 shell; stn DW 4596; 15 ° 57 ′ N, 61 ° 22 ′ W; depth 164 – 185 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Les Saintes • 1 shell; stn DW 4628; 15 ° 24 ′ N, 61 ° 39 ′ W; depth 260 – 320 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – S of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4639; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 20 ′ W; depth 485 – 496 m; 28 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Off Barbados.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB457663B01FE19644DFE30.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. The shell is generally longer than that of T. cailleti, with a wider anterior margin. The characteristics of the foramen area are those of Terebratulina. The ornamentation differs from that of T. cailleti and is rather fascicostellate in trio (i. e., a primary cotellae and two accessory ones from the anterior shell part (Fig. 17 C). The anterior margin shows a faint fold. A straight and minor bulge exists at the posterior dorsal valve bordered by ears. The inner shell is often orange / salmon coloured (Fig. 17 D – G). Spicules are observed at the basal part of the lophophore arms (Fig. 17 E). Slight differences appear in the shape of the interlocking excrescences at the inner margins compared to those of T. cailleti (Figs 16 H, 17 G – H), and in the thickness of setae (Fig. 17 F). Lines of punctae are observed at the inner shell side (Fig. 17 H). These punctae reveal an irregular diameter between the excrescences near the inner shell margin (Fig. 17 I). The cardinal process is semi-oval, and the muscle fields not strongly impressed. The ring of the brachidium is wider than in the previous species and the transverse band presents a wide and less pronounced fold (Fig. 17 G).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB457663B01FE19644DFE30.taxon	distribution	Depth range 72 – 768 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 37 – 292 m (Cooper 1977). Distribution The species was recorded from the Caribbean Sea (cf. Cooper 1977): northeast Mexico, Straits of Florida, Key West, E of St. Vincent, southwest side of Great Inagua, British Guiana.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB457663B01FE19644DFE30.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The orange colour seen at the inner valves is not considered to have the same origin as the colour observed on / in inner parts of shells of Terebratulina cailleti and Argyrotheca (see below); it could be due to the decomposition of Sargassum Agardh, 1820 (see Boisnoir 2025).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB757663B53FD93637BFD6C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Eucalathis murrayi Dall (not Davidson), 1920: 323.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB757683B00FCAB63DBFC8B.taxon	description	Fig. 18 A – C	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB757683B00FCAB63DBFC8B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Basse-Terre • 4 shells; stn DW 4511; 16 ° 14 ′ N, 61 ° 52 ′ W; depth 630 – 660 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1016 (Fig. 18 A) • 1 valve; stn DW 4507; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 52 ′ W; depth 700 – 750 m; 7 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1017 (Fig. 18 B – C) • 1 shell; stn CP 4512; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 409 – 532 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN • 1 shell; stn CP 4513; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 406 – 644 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Grande Terre • 1 valve; stn DW 4518; 16 ° 34 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 426 – 441 m; 9 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – E of La Désirade • 1 valve; stn DW 4555; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 51 ′ W; depth 100 – 258 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn 4556; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 49 ′ W; depth 367 – 428 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4572; 16 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 396 – 399 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4600; 16 ° 02 ′ N, 61 ° 18 ′ W; depth 557 – 680 m; 23 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – W of Marie-Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4630; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 28 ′ W; depth 379 – 428 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4632; 15 ° 49 ′ N, 61 ° 28 ′ W; depth 376 – 393 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4634; 15 ° 48 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 304 – 310; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – S of Marie-Galante • 2 shells; sta. DW 4642; 15 ° 47 ′ N, 61 ° 12 ′ W; depth 550 – 562 m; 28 Jun. 2015: Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN. Type locality Off Havana, Cuba.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB757683B00FCAB63DBFC8B.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. White small shell, sometimes triangular in outline, with a rounded anterior margin. The surface is ornamented by round beaded costellae, between which median ones are more pronounced; two generations of intercalations are observed. The anterior margin is rectimarginate and the maximum width is at the ½ – ⅓ anterior shell length. VENTRAL VALVE. The ventral valve presents a large foramen, revealing an important pedicle collar, no obvious deltidial plates or rudimentary ones, and prominent and strong teeth (Fig. 18 A – B). The ventral umbo is slightly curved. DORSAL VALVE. The dorsal valve presents small ears at the posterior part. The valve interior reveals a cardinal process in the shape of half a cup, wide open dental sockets with straight inner socket ridges, stout and relatively long crural plates, large curved crural processes and a thin brachial loop with a deep angulation between the descending lamellae directed dorsi-anteriorly (Fig. 18 C). The two valves present marked interlocking crenulations at the inner anterior margin.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB757683B00FCAB63DBFC8B.taxon	distribution	Depth range 100 – 768 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 320 to 2005 m (Cooper 1977; Logan 1990). Distribution The species was recorded from Key west (Florida), off Havana (Cuba) (Cooper 1977) as well as near Bonaire, and Saba-bank (Logan 1990).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB757683B00FCAB63DBFC8B.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The long pedicle rootlets increase the ability of the shell to move.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB957683B2BFCC86202FC43.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Notozyga lowenstami Cooper, 1977.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB957693B08FB806230FBBD.taxon	description	Fig. 18 D – I	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB957693B08FB806230FBBD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Basse Terre • 1 shell; stn DW 4511; 16 ° 14 ′ N, 61 ° 52 ′ W; depth 630 – 660 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 1022 - 1018 (Fig. 18 D). – E of la Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4555; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 51 ′ W; depth 100 – 258 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1077 (Fig. 18 G – I) • 1 shell; stn DW 4572; 16 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 396 – 399 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1019 (Fig. 18 E) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1020 (Fig. 18 F). Type locality California Institute of Technology station 1484.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB957693B08FB806230FBBD.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Small biconvex shell, roughly pentagonal with a wide rounded anterior part, ornamented with coarsely beaded primary costellae, between them two generations of intercalated ones are observed (Fig. 18 D – E), the median costella and one on each side are stronger than the others, the anterior margin is rectimarginate. The deltidial plates are rudimentary. The ventral umbo is suberect, and a large open foramen cuts most of its posterior part. The maximum width is anterior to mid valve length. The frayed pedicle ends seem obviously longer than what is seen in Terebratulina cailleti (Fig. 18 D), the different rootlets penetrate shells of foraminifers. Sponge spicules can sometimes cover one valve or the entire shell. The dorsal valve is slightly auriculate at the posterior part. The shell of this species is roughly fascicostellate and growth lines regularly mark the surface (Fig. 18 E). VENTRAL VALVE. The valve interior has a well-preserved pedicle collar, a more pointed umbo in juveniles becoming rounded later, and disengaged hinge teeth. DORSAL VALVE. The valve interior reveals very high inner socket ridges, a stout brachidium with short and thick distant crural processes pointing to the median plan (Fig. 18 F) but never uniting to form a ring (Fig. 18 F), and a thick transverse band medially directed toward the valve floor with the trace of the junction of the two halves (Fig. 18 G, I). This loop is unlike that of Eucalathis cubensis. Both inner valve margins show the characteristic interlocking features of the Cancellothyridoidea, larger and flatter than in T. cailleti (Fig. 18 F). MICROSTRUCTURE. In this two-layered shell, the fibrous secondary layer is clearly visible as it is nearly translucent in very young specimens (Fig. 18 G), and the fibrous mosaic there reveals differences in shape and size according to their location: crura and crural processes (Fig. 18 H), transverse band (Fig. 18 G) where the junction of the descending branches is revealed (Fig. 18 G – I), and near the margins.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB957693B08FB806230FBBD.taxon	distribution	Depth range 100 – 660 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 320 – 732 m (Cooper 1977; Logan 1990; Zezina 2000). Distribution The species is known elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea: Bermuda platform, Cuba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba Bank (Cooper 1977; Logan 1990; Zezina 2000).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB957693B08FB806230FBBD.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The very long pedicle rootlets increase the ability of the shell to move and so that the shell can adopt an optimal orientation in the currents.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB857693B2AFB736227FACC.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Terebratula cuneata Risso, 1826.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB8576C3B12FA0B652CFE13.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5535 E 9 C 5 - 967 C- 41 BF-B 7 E 8 - 5294 D 263909 E Fig. 19	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB8576C3B12FA0B652CFE13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Only three specimens (partly broken and fragile) were collected during the Karubenthos 1 expedition in 2012, with characteristics of dorsal valve interior with no resemblance to other known species included in the genus. Smooth small, white to brown, tiny shell, rounded in outline. A characteristic aspect is the shape of the septum with its posterior zone comprised of four wide curved lateral extensions enclosing a concave area that could be interpreted as brood pouch. Differential diagnosis Argyrotheca beaumalei sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus Argyrotheca. It differs from A. cuneata that could be closely related to it by the shape and extensions of the posterior septum; it differs from A. bermudana Dall, 1911 and A. rubrotincta (Dall, 1871) by the coloured pattern and absence of costae; from A. schrammi (Dall, 1871) by the absence of wide round costae and no spines on the posterior septum (see below); from A. johnsoni Cooper, 1934 and A. lutea (Dall, 1871) by the absence of a fan-shaped septum when viewed laterally and from all other species of the genus by the number and / or size of protuberances at the anterior septum.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB8576C3B12FA0B652CFE13.taxon	etymology	Etymology This new species is dedicated to Mr J. Beaumale for his help when testing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM Bruker ©).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB8576C3B12FA0B652CFE13.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype GUADELOUPE – Basse Terre (Pointe à Lézard) • shell; stn GR 10; 16 ° 08 ′ 4 ″ N, 61 ° 46 ′ 9 ″ W; depth 90 m; 7 May 2012; Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1026 a (Fig. 19). Syntypes GUADELOUPE – Basse Terre (Pointe à Lézard) • 2 fragmented shells; same data as for holotype; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1026 b – c. Type locality Guadeloupe, Basse Terre: Pointe à Lézard (Guadeloupe); 16 ° 08 ′ 4 ″ N, 61 ° 46 ′ 9 ″ W.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB8576C3B12FA0B652CFE13.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Small smooth biconvex shell, rather brown coloured to white, slightly wider than long, with a rectimarginate anterior margin. The hinge line is straight, the beak short with a large foramen. VENTRAL VALVE. The interior reveals a developed pedicle collar supported by a median septum extending for ¾ of the valve length with a wide hollow at the anterior part receiving the anterior protuberance of the dorsal valve (Fig. 19 A – B). The deltidial plates are vestigial. Medium elongate teeth as for the genus. A wide depression is observed on each side of the septum at its posterior part where the adductor imprints are located. DORSAL VALVE. This valve interior deserves some attention with medium and long dental sockets, short prominent crura, two slender arcuate descending lamellae attached to the inner socket ridges, the valve floor and the anterior end of the median septum (Fig. 19 C – D, G). Extravagant wide curved extensions susceptible to be recognised as flanges, rising ventrally (two anterior and two posterior), bound a wide and long concave space that could be related to reproduction (cf. brood pouches, see Kaulfuss et al. 2013) reaching the level of the inner socket ridges (Fig. 19 C – D). The upper boundary of these extensions reveals spine germinations (Fig. 19 F). The median septum ends with an elevated protuberance (Fig. 19 C, G). MICROSTRUCTURE. Wide punctae cross the two-layered shell thickness, except in the brachial descending lamellae, extensions and septum. At the inner valve margins, one can readily observe the canopy localised at the upper head of the punctae (Fig. 19 E, H) that highlight the basal part of the tubules of the caecal brush. The extremity of the fibres changes rapidly in size from the inner margin to the middle of the valve; the last fibres being secreted reveal their incomplete state (Fig. 19 H). The descending lamellae reveal, on the external side, a regular fibrous mosaic (Fig. 19 G) compared to the external side of the flanges of the septum with brachiotest.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB8576C3B12FA0B652CFE13.taxon	distribution	Depth range 90 m.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFB8576C3B12FA0B652CFE13.taxon	discussion	Remarks The same comments made above for the genus Tichosina are relevant here with new species (4 + sp. 1 to 5) included in the genus Argyrotheca by Cooper (1977), with too small and unfortunately no coloured illustrations (honestly recognised to be infrequently used in 1977) to highlight the coloured patterns on the shell surface and inner parts, most often necessary in tropical regions (see Gaspard et al. 2019).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBD576E3B0BFE51624EFB92.taxon	description	Fig. 20	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBD576E3B0BFE51624EFB92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – Grand cul de sac Marin (external slope) • 3 shells; stn GS 04; 14 ° 22 ′ N, 61 ° 38 ′ W; depth 11 m; 4 May 2012; Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN. – Grand cul de sac Marin (facing Fajou) • 3 shells; stn GS 06; 16 ° 21 ′ 8 ″ N, 61 ° 36 ′ 1 ″ W; depth 23 m; 6 May 2012; Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN. – Grand cul de sac Marin (Port St. Louis) • 1 shell; stn GS 18; 16 ° 23 ′ 7 ″ N, 61 ° 32 ′ 1 ″ W; depth 49 m; 15 May 2012, Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN. – N of Grande Terre • 3 shells; stn DW 4545; 16 ° 29 ′ 7 ″ N, 61 ° 31 ′ 4 ″ W; depth 62 – 80 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1078 (Fig. 20 E) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1030 (Fig. 20 D) • 1 valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1031 (Fig. 20 F – G) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1032 (Fig. 20 H – J). MARTINIQUE – offshore La Caravelle Peninsula (St. Aubin islet) • 1 shell; stn AB 301; 14 ° 47 ′ 3 ″ N, 60 ° 57 ′ 4 ″ W; depth 19 m; 21 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1027 (Fig. 20 A) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1028 (Fig. 20 B). – La Caravelle Peninsula (Table du Diable) • 10 shells; stn AB 350; 14 ° 56 ′ 5 ″ N, 60 ° 51 ′ 5 ″ W; depth 15 m; 21 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN • Le Robert (Le Loup Bordelais) • 3 shells; stn AB 405; 14 ° 43 ′ 2 ″ N, 60 ° 50 ′ 6 ″ W; depth 23 m; 25 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. – E of Le Robert (Cayes Mitan) • 1 shell; stn AS 255; 14 ° 40 ′ 1 ″ N, 60 ° 51 ′ 1 ″ W; depth 16 m; 18 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN • 7 shells; stn AB 191; 14 ° 40 ′ 1 ″ N, 60 ° 51 ′ 1 ″ W; depth 14 m; 18 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. – Bay of Saint Pierre (Roumaïra wreck) • 12 shells; sta. AS 572; 14 ° 44 ′ 5 ″ N, 61 ° 10 ′ 8 ″ W; depth 44 – 47 m; 8 Oct. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. – off Pointe du Diamant • 1 shell; stn AD 214; 14 ° 27 ′ N, 60 ° 04 ′ 1 ″ W; depth 70 m; 9 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. – Les Anses d’Arlet (Morne Jacqueline) • 3 shells; stn AD 616; 14 ° 28 ′ 1 ″ N, 61 ° 05 ′ 3 ″ W; depth 72 m; 8 Oct. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1029 (Fig. 20 C). – Sainte Luce (Grand Caye) • 1 shell; stn AB 062, 14 ° 27 ′ 3 ″ N, 60 ° 55 ′ 5 ″ W; depth 15 m; 10 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN • 8 shells; stn AB 169; 14 ° 27 ′ 3 ″ N, 60 ° 55 ′ 5 ″ W; depth 22 m; 10 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. – Le Marin channel (Pointe Borgnesse) • 1 shell; stn AD 067; 14 ° 26 ′ 9 ″ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 15 m; 11 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped; MNHN. Type locality Bermuda.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBD576E3B0BFE51624EFB92.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Small to tiny biconvex shell, obviously smooth and thin, bilobate while a light sulcus marks the median anterior valves (Fig. 20 A – C). A yellowish / scarlet pattern ornaments the shell as stripes larger at nearly right angles from the lateral margins, while parallel to the hinge line at the posterior part of the shell, alternating with faded zones (Fig. 20 D). The foramen is wide, rounded triangular. The hinge line is wide, approximately straight, and the narrow deltidial plates are wide apart. VENTRAL VALVE. The interior reveals a developed pedicle collar, flattened and long teeth (Fig. 20 D – E), and a thin median septum, the anterior part of which is impressed by several pits (Fig. 20 E – G) for the reception of the protuberances of the dorsal median septum (Fig. 20 H, J). DORSAL VALVE. The interior reveals a short transverse cardinal process, long wide dental sockets (Fig. 20 H – I), absence of outer hinge plates, crural processes pointed and short crural bases from which is attached the loop consisting of two arcuate ribbon-like descending lamellae mainly fused with the valve floor (Fig. 20 H – I), then converging to the thick prominent anterior median septum (Fig. 20 H, J). MICROSTRUCTURE. Two-layered shell with punctae relatively wide for this small shell, visible by transparency (Fig. 20 A – D), wider near the margins. The fibrous mosaic of this two-layered shell illustrates the variation observed on the different internal appendices (Fig. 20 G – J) and valve floor.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBD576E3B0BFE51624EFB92.taxon	distribution	Depth range 14 – 72 m, Madibenthos; 11 – 49 m and 60 – 82 m respectively Karubenthos 1 and 2 exped.; 1 – 46 m (Logan 1975; Cooper 1977; Asgaard & Stentoft 1984). Distribution In addition, the species is present on the Bermuda platform (Dall 1920; Logan 1975) as well as E and NE of Grenada (Cooper 1977).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBF57703B1CFBDF64D5FD3E.taxon	description	Fig. 21 A – B	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBF57703B1CFBDF64D5FD3E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4559; 16 ° 24 ′ 5 ″ N, 60 ° 51 ′ 8 ″ W; depth 72 – 111 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1033 (Fig. 21 A) • 1 shell; stn DW 4607; 16 ° 15 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 600 – 608 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1034 (Fig. 21 B). Type locality Barbados and Grenada.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBF57703B1CFBDF64D5FD3E.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Sub-pentagonal, strongly ventri-biconvex shell with a rounded anterior margin. The hinge line is narrower than the mid-width. The shell is adorned by few (about five) large round costae enlarged anteriorly on each side of the plane of symmetry, plus a few intercalations (Fig. 21 A). The intercostal space is nearly as wide as the costae. A slight median sulcus is observed at the anterior part of both valves. DORSAL VALVE. Uncommon specimens were sampled. One specimen was half-open revealing the short and narrow dental sockets, the crural processes, the loop reaching the valve floor at mid valve length remaining attached to it, then extending to the septum that it reaches and climbs onto. The dorsal median septum is concave posteriorly, followed by a high anterior slope with several (four to five) projections the characteristic of which is described as a fan-shaped septum when looking laterally. Two thickened round areas concern adductor muscle attachments laterally bordered by the descending branches (Fig. 21 B). MICROSTRUCTURE. Owing to the paucity of the material, no additional examination was made concerning this two-layered shell crossed by wide punctae.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBF57703B1CFBDF64D5FD3E.taxon	distribution	Depth range 72 – 608 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 37 – 257 m (Cooper 1977); 37 – 285 m, see Asgaard & Stentoft (1984). Distribution The species is recorded from Barbados and NE of Grenada (Cooper 1977).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFBF57703B1CFBDF64D5FD3E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The shell observed reveals a relative short pedicle closely attached to a hard fragment.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA157713B0DFD7D6112FCA8.taxon	description	Fig. 21 C – G	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA157713B0DFD7D6112FCA8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including Figured material) GUADELOUPE – S of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4646; 15 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 18 ′ W; depth 250 – 254 m; 29 Jun. 2016; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1035 (Fig. 21 C – F). – N of Grande Terre • 1 shell; stn CP 4529; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 176 – 183 m; 11 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1036 (Fig. 21 G). MARTINIQUE – Les Anses d’Arlet (Morne Jacqueline) • 1 shell; stn AD 616; 14 ° 28 ′ 1 ″ N, 61 ° 05 ′ 3 ″ W; depth 72 m; 8 Oct. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. Type locality Dominican Republic.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA157713B0DFD7D6112FCA8.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Large shell, strongly ribbed, ventral beak which tends to be worn down due to a short disc-like pedicle causing abrasion of the posterior ventral valve against the substrate (Fig. 21 C, G). The remaining part of the pedicle collar is close to the posterior part of the septum visible from the wide foramen. The deltidial plates are small and the foramen large. A costa often marks this median wide scalloping anterior margin. VENTRAL VALVE. The interior reveals two elongate teeth and the anterior part of the septum, slightly enlarging on the slope and bearing a line of pits (Fig. 21 F) to receive the protuberances of the dorsal septum. DORSAL VALVE. The interior reveals the short, shallow but wide-open dental sockets, the short crural processes, the descending brachial branches rapidly attached to the valve floor, then oriented to reach the anterior dorsal septum and overlap it just above the upper projection (Fig. 21 E). The anterior part (slope) of the septum bears about seven small projections. These projections were also noted in semi-lateral position of the valve (Fig. 21 D). Two marked muscle imprints are on each side of the septum (Fig. 21 E). MICROSTRUCTURE. The very few valves sampled prevent observation of the microstructural details of this punctate two-layered shell.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA157713B0DFD7D6112FCA8.taxon	distribution	Depth range 176 – 254 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; Madibenthos exped. (72 m); 25 – 95 m, see Cooper (1977). Distribution The species is recorded from the Dominican Republic and Bahama Islands (Cooper 1977), see Jackson et al. (1971), and in the Red Sea (Logan et al. 2008).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA157713B0DFD7D6112FCA8.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The very short pedicle is responsible for the heavy abrasion of the posterior shell appressed to a hard substrate. This species is typical of the genus Argyrotheca with the anterior-posterior axis at right angles to the substrate.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA057733B2CFC94616FFD38.taxon	description	Fig. 22	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA057733B2CFC94616FFD38.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – N of Grande Terre • 1 shell; stn DW 4529; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 176 – 183 m; 11 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1037 (Fig. 22). – W of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4589; 15 ° 59 ′ N, 61 ° 27 ′ W; depth 150 – 221 m; 21 Jun. 1015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Tortugas.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA057733B2CFC94616FFD38.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Medium size for the genus, nearly wider than long with a pale yellowish colour. Shell surface costate with a wide space between them. The anterior margin is nearly round and slightly indented medially. The shell is gently biconvex. VENTRAL VALVE. The interior reveals the thick median septum, not too elevated but widening anteriorly, with five pits since its mid length (Fig. 22 A – B); elongate and flattened teeth (½ of the hinge line on each side), with an undulating upper surface (Fig. 22 A, C). DORSAL VALVE. The interior reveals the dental sockets with the inner socket ridges marked by the counterparts of the undulating teeth upper surface, the short elevated median septum with the upper part at mid valve length. The anterior of the septum is marked by four to five projections (Fig. 22 E). The loop is attached to mid valve floor and to the upper part of the septum above the upper projection (Fig. 22 E – I). The adductor imprints are round and deeply marked at the posterior part and do not present a classical fibrous mosaic, while the valve floor lining the anterior part is truly fibrous (Fig. 22 G). The external descending branches present a fine fibrous mosaic (Fig. 22 D), while it is not the case for the internal side (cf. brachiotest) except when they reach the contact with the valve floor and the septum (Fig. 22 E, G). The external descending branches of the brachidium appear after the inner socket ridges and the anterior dental sockets with a regular mosaic of fibre ends (Fig. 22 H). The fibrous mosaic is clearly revealed when looking at the dental pits (Fig. 22 C), at the valve floor (Fig. 22 F – H), and at the inner shell margin with the punctae.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA057733B2CFC94616FFD38.taxon	distribution	Depth range 150 – 221 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 55 – 275 m (Cooper 1977). Distribution The species is also recorded from Dry Tortugas, Cuba (Cooper 1977; Logan 1977), Barbados (Dall 1920).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA257753B75FD6462B4FCEE.taxon	description	Fig. 23	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA257753B75FD6462B4FCEE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 1 shell; stn DW 4555; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 51 ′ W; depth 100 – 258 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1038 (Fig. 23 A) • 1 shell; stn DW 4553; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 111 – 162 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1039 (Fig. 23 B – D) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1041 (Fig. 23 F, H) • 1 shell; stn DW 4574; 16 ° 22 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 140 – 340 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1040 (Fig. 23 E, G). Type locality West of Dry Tortugas.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA257753B75FD6462B4FCEE.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Very small transverse ventri-biconvex shell, with a rounded scalloped anterior margin and a long straight hinge line (Fig. 23 A – B). The dorsal valve is nearly flat while the ventral one is strongly convex (Fig. 23 C – D). The ventral umbo is suberect to slightly curved and thick with a large foramen occupying the dorsal side. Small deltidial plates are observed on each side. A distinctive characteristic of the species is its coloured ornamentation: pale yellow on costae and orange even strongly scarlet in intercostae (Fig. 23 A – D), plus the bright colour of the internal characters. VENTRAL VALVE. At the valve interior (Fig. 23 E – F), the teeth are flat and long, sometimes coloured, the pedicle collar is visible via the foraminal aperture, the median septum thin in its posterior part is thicker anteriorly with several pits, the posterior one at nearly mid valve length accommodates the high projection of the dorsal median septum. Ventral adjustor muscles can be sometimes revealed as well as yellow gonads (Fig. 23 F). DORSAL VALVE. At the valve interior, the dental sockets are narrow and long with a high inner socket ridge. The dorsal septum, thin posteriorly, is high at nearly mid valve with a scarlet round projection bounded by another round pale or pink expansion on each side (Fig. 23 G – H). Adductors strongly impressed were observed (Fig. 23 G). The inner socket ridges, long crural processes, and loop branches can be coloured red or pink as well as the slope of the anterior septum (Fig. 23 G – H). The brachial loop never grows beyond the mid valve length. The lophophore is visible in one of the two coloured specimens sampled (Fig. 23 H).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA257753B75FD6462B4FCEE.taxon	distribution	Depth range 100 – 340 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 55 – 140 m (Cooper 1977). Distribution Elsewhere the species is recorded from Barbados, Florida Keys, Dry Tortugas, Bonaire, Curaçao, Grenada (Cooper 1977; Asgaard & Stentoft 1984; Logan 1990).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA257753B75FD6462B4FCEE.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology This species, like others included in the genus, has a thick short pedicle that can lead to abrasion at the posterior shell when the specimen is moving.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA4577838B9FC2D6292FA86.taxon	description	Figs 24 – 25	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA4577838B9FC2D6292FA86.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) MARTINIQUE – La Pointe du Diamant: 1 shell; stn AD 214; 14 ° 27 ′ N, 61 ° 04 ′ 1 ″ W; depth 70 m; 9 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1042 (Fig. 24 A). – Sainte Luce (Grand Caye) • 1 shell; stn AB 062; 14 ° 27 ′ 3 ″ N, 60 ° 55 ′ 5 ″ W; depth 15 m; 10 Sep. 2016; Madibenthos exped.; MNHN. GUADELOUPE – S of La Désirade (N of Petite Terre) • 4 shells; no precise geographical coordinates; depth 90 m; Dive 2019; D. Lamy leg.; MNHN • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1043 (Fig. 24 B) • 2 valves; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1079, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1044 (Fig. 24 C – D) • 3 valves; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1083, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1084, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1085 (Fig. 25 A – B, D – E). – E of Petite Terre • 1 shell; stn GD 61; 16 ° 12 ′ N, 61 ° 04 ′ W; depth 80 m; May 2012; Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1080 (Fig. 24 E – G). – Grande Terre (Banc des Vaisseaux) • 1 shell + 1 valve; stn GD 67; 16 ° 08 ′ N, 61 ° 17 ′ W; depth 110 m; 27 May 2012; Karubenthos 1 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Guadeloupe.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA4577838B9FC2D6292FA86.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Small salmon reddish shell, obviously wider than long and somewhat bilobate, ornamented by three costae on each valve side. The colour varies over the shell, but the intercostae are widely brightly coloured (Fig. 24 A – B). Very small deltidial plates are positioned on each side of the foramen and the pedicle collar is visible at the foramen opening. VENTRAL VALVE. The ventral valve interior reveals long and narrow teeth, and the short posterior septum starting under the pedicle collar (Fig. 24 C). DORSAL VALVE. The dorsal valve interior reveals a shallow cardinal process with the imprints of the diductor muscle (Fig. 24 D – E), very long dental sockets densely punctate (Fig. 24 D, F), no real crural processes, but crura oriented slightly ventri-medially, descending branches of the brachidium in continuity with the inner socket ridges, closely attached to the valve floor (Fig. 24 B, D, G) and to the flanks and summit of the anterior median septum (Figs 24 G, 25 A). The plateau of the posterior septum is occupied by two rows of spines (Fig. 24 D, G): curved at the posterior part, first visible in juveniles (Fig. 25 A – B) and ± erect on each side of the septum plate in adults (Figs 24 G, 25 C) as also illustrated in Alvarez et al. (2008: fig. 7 d – e). Along the slope of the elevated anterior septum are four round protuberances susceptible to fit to the pits of the ventral septum (Figs 24 G, 25 A) and, sometimes, the upper septum can be cloven (Fig. 25 D). When observed, the schizolophous lophophore appears to be attached at the internal surface of the slender curved descending branches (Fig. 25 E). MICROSTRUCTURE. As for all species of Argyrotheca, the diameter of the punctae is wide, but their distribution reveals a gentle decrease in size from the margins to the middle valve, particularly near the adductor imprints (Figs 24 G, 25 A, C). The last fibres secreted at the inner margins reveal submicrometric elements and the first formed organic membranes in relation with them (Fig. 25 F – G). Just prior to this zone, at the inner margin boundary, crenulations appear in both valves, each of which is separated by a very wide puncta and the orientation of the fibre ends there is nearly at right angle to the margin line (Fig. 25 H).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA4577838B9FC2D6292FA86.taxon	distribution	Depth range 80 – 110 m, Karubenthos 1 exped.; 15 – 70 m, Madibenthos exped.; elsewhere from 6 to 981 m (Logan 1975, 1977; Cooper 1977; Asgaard & Stentoft 1984). Distribution The species was also recorded by Crosse & Fischer 1866: Caribbean Sea, Yucatan; from Guadeloupe, Barbados (Davidson 1887; Dall 1920); Florida Keys, Tortugas, Barbados, Antigua, Grenada (Cooper 1977); Grenada; Barbados (Alvarez et al. 2008).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA957783B36FA5962A8F9D0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Orthis anomioides Scacchi & Philippi, 1844.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA9577B3B4FF91D657DFD10.taxon	description	Fig. 26 A – I	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA9577B3B4FF91D657DFD10.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) FRENCH GUIANA – 1 shell; stn CP 4374; 06 ° 40 ′ N, 52 ° 29 ′ W; depth 240 m; 3 Aug. 2014; Convention APA- 973 - 1; Acoupa exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2017 - 224. GUADELOUPE – N of Grande Terre • 2 shells; stn DW 4518; 16 ° 34 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 426 – 441 m; 9 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4524; 16 ° 29 ′ N, 61 ° 42 ′ W; depth 500 – 550 m; 10 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4530; 16 ° 27 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 275 – 292 m; 11 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4538; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 31 ′ W; depth 320 – 338 m; 12 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1045 (Fig. 26 A – B) • 2 juvs; stn DW 4545; 16 ° 29 ′ 7 ″ N, 61 ° 31 ′ 4 ″ W; depth 60 – 82 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1086 (Fig. 26 H), MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1048 (Fig. 26 I). – W of Basse Terre • 2 shells; stn CP 4512; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 409 – 532 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1047 (Fig. 26 D – G) • 7 shells; stn CP 4513; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 406 – 644 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – E of La Désirade • 3 shells; Sta. DW 4560; 16 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 52 ′ W; depth 185 – 250 m; 16 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 shells; stn DW 4580; 16 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 412 – 500 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4607; 16 ° 15 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ W; depth 600 – 608 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1046 (Fig. 26 C) • 3 shells; stn DW 4608; 16 ° 14 ′ N, 60 ° 49 ′ W; depth 618 – 632 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4610; 16 ° 17 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 513 – 528 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Sicily.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA9577B3B4FF91D657DFD10.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Small shell nearly subcircular, plano-convex, thin and quasi-transparent, allowing observation of the punctae and predicting the lophophore shape (Fig. 26 A – B, E). The external surface is smooth, the hinge line is nearly half the shell width and the amphithyrid foramen is very wide (an unusual embayment encroaching also the dorsal valve), covered by a solid integument (Fig. 26 A, D). The deltidial plates are narrow, widely disjunct and the pedicle collar short. VENTRAL VALVE. The ventral valve interior reveals strong teeth supported by short dental plates (Fig. 26 C). The muscles are strong and the diductors, while short, may attach the integument over the pedicle opening. Spicules are visible around the gonads (Fig. 26 G). DORSAL VALVE. The dorsal valve interior reveals no cardinal process, shallow and widely open dental sockets (Fig. 26 H), and an uncommon brachial apparatus with no hinge plates. A septal pillar is erected near the dorsal embayment, ending in a pair of flanges forming a U shape directed slightly posteriorly. Two long and thin crura with short processes are present, two arcuate descending branches are united to the lateral side of the flanges of the high septal pillar. The lophophore supported by the brachidium is zygolophous (Fig. 26 F) and its basal arm parts are protected by spicules. MICROSTRUCTURE. This species presents a thin two-layered shell with numerous small punctae.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA9577B3B4FF91D657DFD10.taxon	distribution	Depth range 176 – 644 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 240 m, Acoupa exped.; this species is also recorded by Cooper 1977 (18 – 963 m); 8 – 2190 m (Logan 2007: 3108). Distribution Worldwide distribution. In the Caribbean Sea: off Cuba, Columbia, SE Florida shelf, NW of Cap San Antonio, SW Yucatan Channel, NE of Porto de Morelos, NE of Caracas, NE of Grenada, St. Vincent, NW side of Ste Lucia, E of Dominica Island (Cooper 1977); French Guiana; in the Atlantic Ocean (Gaspard 2003; Logan 2007); Mediterranean Sea (Brunton & Curry 1979; Logan 1979); Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic: Marion Island, Crozet Islands (Foster 1974; Gaspard 2018, 2024); Pacific Ocean (Zezina 1990) among the locations.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFA9577B3B4FF91D657DFD10.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology The movements generated by the pedicle system, in relation with no clearly differentiated pedicle muscles for members of the Platidiidae, are restricted to raising and lowering the shells, with the loss of capacity to twist them. The amphithyrid foramen is associated with this type of pedicle system.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAA577B3B53FD5C61C2F8CA.taxon	description	Fig. 26 J – K	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAA577B3B53FD5C61C2F8CA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – N of Grande Terre • 1 shell; stn DW 4541; 16 ° 42 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 615 – 630 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1049 (Fig. 26 J – K).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAA577B3B53FD5C61C2F8CA.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Subcircular to subquadrate small shell, plano- to slightly concavo-convex. The hinge line is wide, almost as wide as the shell, located at mid valve. As for P. anomioides, the foramen opening is shared by the two valves (mostly by the dorsal one), and an integument is also present here (Fig. 26 J). The deltidial plates appear to be absent. The external surface of the ventral valve is adorned by pustules (small nodules) partly worn (Fig. 26 K). The specimen is pale brown and not very transparent like P. anomioides. Depth range 615 – 630 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 485 – 496 (Cooper 1977); 90 – 142 m and 1238 m (Fischer & Oehlert 1891); 82 – 897 m elsewhere.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAA577B3B53FD5C61C2F8CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species was recorded elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea [Gd. Bahama, West end of Cuba] and in the Atlantic Ocean [off Brazil (Kowalewski et al. 2002; Rodland et al. 2004, confused with P. anomioides), off Portugal and Ibero-Morrocan Gulf (Gaspard 2003, confused with P. anomioides), the Gulf of Biscay, Canaries]; in the Mediterranean Sea (Logan 1979); in the Pacific Ocean among other locations (see Logan 2007: 3108).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577C3B61FDA363F5FAC0.taxon	description	Fig. 26 L	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577C3B61FDA363F5FAC0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Basse Terre • 1 shell; stn CP 4513; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 406 – 644 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1050 (Fig. 26 L). Type locality Cook Straits near Wellington (New Zealand).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577C3B61FDA363F5FAC0.taxon	description	Description One tiny shellsampled. This shell is suborbicular, plano-convex. The foramen is amphithyrid, the hinge teeth without dental plates. The cardinalia consist only of socket ridges, and the dorsal median septum is low. In contrast to species of Platidia, the schizolophous lophophore of this species presents branches curled to the symmetry plane, towards the upper part of the septum (Fig. 26 L). Depth range 406 – 644 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 91 – 1865 m (see Logan 2007).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577C3B61FDA363F5FAC0.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is recorded from New Zealand (see Logan 2007).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577C3B08FEA064B7FE67.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Amphithyris buckmani Thomson, 1918.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577C3B08FEA064B7FE67.taxon	discussion	Obviously, a species of this genus has not previously been reported in the Caribbean Sea.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577C3B1EFA4D621FF9C2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Phaneropora galatheae Zezina, 1981.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577E3B6AF90F6447FCDC.taxon	description	Fig. 27 A – C	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577E3B6AF90F6447FCDC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Basse Terre • 1 shell, stn CP 4512; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 409 – 532 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1051 (Fig. 27 A) • 1 open shell; stn CP 4513; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 406 – 644 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1052 (Fig. 27 B – C). Type locality Great Australian Bight.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577E3B6AF90F6447FCDC.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Subcircular smooth and tiny single shell, slightly biconvex, with a rectimarginate anterior margin (Fig. 27 A). In the dorsal valve interior: high inner socket ridges, no crural processes and long crura converging somewhat antero-ventrally. The proportionally high septal pillar is plate-like in its basal part, ending by a narrow extremity (Fig. 27 B). Erect ventral beak, foramen large, very small and disjunct deltidial plates, pedicle collar barely visible (Fig. 27 A), teeth emerging from the antero-dorsal side of the ventral valve (Fig. 27 C). Depth range 406 – 644 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 225 – 3493 m (see Logan 2007).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAD577E3B6AF90F6447FCDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution The species is recorded from the E Atlantic Ocean, W Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, Indian Ocean, and Antarctica (Zezina 1981, 1987; Foster 1989; Laurin 1997; Gaspard 2003).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAF577E3B25FB936239FB6C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Terebratula septigera Lovén, 1846.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAF577F3B06FAAB6190F80C.taxon	description	Figs 27 D – M, 28	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAF577F3B06FAAB6190F80C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – E of La Désirade • 2 shells + 1 dorsal valve; stn DW 4573; 16 ° 20 ′ N, 60 ° 55 ′ W; depth 389 – 413 m; 17 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1053 (Fig. 27 D – F) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1054 (Fig. 27 G – I) • 1 valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1056 (Fig. 27 K) • 3 shells + 1 valve; stn DW 4554; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 56 ′ W; depth 300 – 370 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1055 (Fig. 27 J, M) • 1 juv.; stn DW 4555; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 51 ′ W; depth 100 – 258 m; 15 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 3 juvs; stn CP 4608; 16 ° 14 ′ N, 60 ° 59 ′ W; depth 618 – 632 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 juv.; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1057 (Fig. 27 L) • 1 juv.; same data as for preceding; MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1061 (Fig. 28 H – J) • 1 juv.; same data as for preceding; MNHNIB- 2022 - 1059 a – b (Fig. 28 B – D, F – G) – N of Grande Terre • 2 juvs; stn DW 4518; 16 ° 34 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 426 – 441 m; 9 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1058 (Fig. 28 A) • 1 juv.; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1060 (Fig. 28 E) • 3 juvs; stn 4544; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ W; depth 413 – 423 m; 13 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 2 juvs; stn 4549; 16 ° 38 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 343 – 402 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 6 juvs; stn DW 4550; 16 ° 37 ′ N, 61 ° 31 ′ W; depth 432 – 482 m; 14 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN. – W of Basse Terre • 1 juv.; stn CP 4513; 16 ° 13 ′ N, 61 ° 54 ′ W; depth 406 – 644 m; 8 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. Type locality Florida Reefs.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAF577F3B06FAAB6190F80C.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. Large biconvex shell, easily recognised by its triangular outline and the greatest width in a very anterior position (Fig. 27 D – I). A certain degree of dimorphism is clearly present in the different populations (Fig. 27 D, G). The ventral beak is suberect (Fig. 27 E, H), obliquely cut by a wide foramen. The deltidial plates are fused in a slightly concave symphytium. The lateral margins are very sinuous and the anterior margin paraplicate (Fig. 27 E – F, H – I). Juvenile specimens with a rectimarginate anterior margin could be confused at first sight with Cryptopora rectimarginata, but the presence of punctae and the length of the lophophore seen by transparency help to make the difference as do the shape of the deltidial plates (Figs 27 L, 28 A). VENTRAL VALVE. The ventral valve interior is notable for the absence of dental plates and reveals small hinge teeth (Fig. 28 D), a slight excrescence could probably be equivalent to the septum or a septal node (Fig. 28 B – C). DORSAL VALVE. The dorsal valve interior displays a long loop (Fig. 27 J – K). The inner hinge plates converge to form a septalium that unite with the posterior part of the median septum (Fig. 27 K). Narrow crural bases separate the inner and outer hinge plates, and discrete crural processes are observed. The descending branches are thin, then enlarge rapidly with the appearance of the conspicuous ascending branches. The ontogeny of the loop deserves attention. In the juvenile stage a ring appears and develops on the septal pillar (Fig. 28 E – G), different from the one with the hollow on the septum of the ventral valve (Fig. 28 A – C). The continuous growth of this similar hood enlarges the ring as explained by Gaspard (2003). At the same time, the descending branches reach the septal pillar. When the ring is enlarged, a resorption or lysis appears at this place of the septum, the enlarging ring giving origin to the ascending branches which will form, with the descending branches, a long and complete loop free from the septum (Fig. 27 J – K). The lack of intermediate stages about the ontogeny of the loop is noticeable here. The lophophore is clearly visible even in the juvenile stage (Fig. 28 H), with details of the basal part of the arms (Fig. 28 I – J). MICROSTRUCTURE. Punctate two-layered shell. The fibrous mosaic is visible on the valve floor, the teeth (Fig. 28 D) and septa (Fig. 28 C, G). Setae are revealed on the inner side of the margins (Fig. 27 J, M).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFAF577F3B06FAAB6190F80C.taxon	distribution	Depth range 100 – 632 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 64 – 595 m (Cooper 1977); 64 – 724 (Logan 2007: 3111). Distribution The species is recorded from the Gulf of Mexico, the Yucatan Channel and Peninsula, Straits of Florida, Key West Florida, Grand Bahama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Porto Rico, Island of Aves, Dry Tortugas (Dall 1920; Cooper 1977).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFD057013B3AFEC4620EFE5D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Megerlia truncata (Linnaeus, 1767).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFD057033B41FD9B6207FD5C.taxon	description	Fig. 29	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFD057033B41FD9B6207FD5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (including figured material) GUADELOUPE – W of Marie Galante • 1 shell; stn DW 4598; 15 ° 55 ′ N, 61 ° 24 ′ W; depth 207 – 211 m; 22 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4635; 15 ° 50 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ W; depth 265 – 268 m; 27 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN. – N of Grande Terre • 4 shells + 1 juv.; stn CP 4529; 16 ° 24 ′ N, 61 ° 35 ′ W; depth 176 – 183 m; 11 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1062 (Fig. 29 A – B) • 1 shell; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1063 (Fig. 29 C – D, G). – E of La Désirade • 1 shell + 1 ventral valve; stn DW 4578; 16 ° 21 ′ N, 60 ° 54 ′ W; depth 119 – 250 m; 18 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN • 1 shell; stn DW 4611; 16 ° 20 ′ N, 60 ° 52 ′ W; depth 242 – 263 m; 24 Jun. 2015; Karubenthos 2 exped.; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1064 (Fig. 29 F, H – I) • 1 fragmented valve; same data as for preceding; MNHN, MNHN-IB- 2022 - 1087 (Fig. 29 E). Type locality Off Marseille, Mediterranean Sea.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFD057033B41FD9B6207FD5C.taxon	description	Description MORPHOLOGY. White to brown slightly biconvex to gently concavo-convex shell, wider than long, with a cardinal line almost as short as the shell width and with rounded margin (Fig. 29 A – C). The external ventral valve is adorned with radial lines of nodules oriented anteriorly (Fig. 29 A, C). The umbo of the ventral valve is rather curved to suberect, dominating a wide foraminal embayment that touches the posterior dorsal valve (Fig. 29 B). The foramen is amphithyrid-like. Two brown ribbons of gonads are revealed on both valves by transparency (Fig. 29 A – B). The close and strong attachment of the shell to the substrate leads to an abraded posterior dorsal valve due to the position of the integument over the pedicle opening (Fig. 29 B). VENTRAL VALVE. Small divergent disjunct deltidial plates are observed. The valve interior reveals small teeth in the anterior part of two excavated plates, well-developed pedicle adjustor muscles (Fig. 29 D), and a short median septum (Fig. 29 E). When the mantle is still present, one can observe setae at the inner margin, which are obviously located in the same alignment as the external nodules (Fig. 29 D). DORSAL VALVE. At the valve interior, no cardinal process, crura attached to the inner sides of socket ridges and no real crural processes. The two descending branches join, at the anterior septum, two extensions growing toward the ventral valve and latero-anteriorly that unite to form the ascending branches of the loop (Fig. 29 F). At first sight, it is easy to see the radial alignments of tubercules in the valve floor, the rows ending by larger ones before the margin line (Fig. 29 F, H). The plectolophous lophophore, like the remaining parts of the mantle, is strongly spiculate (Fig. 29 G). MICROSTRUCTURE. The two-layered shell is densely punctate. In the SEM images, the secondary layer partly reveals the submicrometric granules that compose the fibres (Fig. 29 I).	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
03FB4C21FFD057033B41FD9B6207FD5C.taxon	distribution	Depth range 119 – 268 m, Karubenthos 2 exped.; 10 – 1970 m (Logan 2007). Distribution The species was recorded from the Straits of Florida, off Sand Key, off Barbados, off Venezuela (Cooper 1977) and, elsewhere, Cape of Good Hope, Africa; off Portugal and the Ibero-Morrocan Gulf (Gaspard 2003); Australia; New South Wales.	en	Gaspard, Danièle (2026): Overlooked brachiopods from the Karubenthos & Madibenthos expeditions (French Caribbean) - biodiversity and ecology. European Journal of Taxonomy 1056: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1056.3280, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3280/14477
