identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FBBD64FFD18112FC8959147FECFA54.text	03FBBD64FFD18112FC8959147FECFA54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum Jack	<div><p>Hydnophytum Jack</p><p>[ Nidus formicarum niger Rumph. (1750) 119, t. 55: 1; Hensch. (1833)].</p><p>Hydnophytum Jack (1823) 124; Blume (1826) 955; DC. (1830) 450; Endl. (1838) 539; Benth. &amp; Hooker (1873) 132; Miq. (1869) 256 (sphalm. Hydrophytum); Becc.(1884) 120; K.Schum.(1891) 123; Valeton (1927) 127;Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 14; Darwin (1979) 35; P.Royen (1983) 2666; A.C.Sm. (1988) 192. — Type species: H. formicarum Jack.</p><p>Lasiostoma Spreng. (1825) 423; Benth. (1843) 224; Baill. (1880) 459.</p><p>Myrmecodia auct. non Jack: Gaudich. in Freyc. (1830) 472, t. 95; A.Rich. (1834) 224; Baill. (1880) 411.</p><p>Epiphytic, rarely terrestrial, woody subshrub with cavitied tuber between stem and roots. Tuber irregularly subglobose, occasionally flattened, fusiform or scaphoid in shape, rarely multiple. Spines usually absent, occasionally root-like or small and tubercle-like, rarely stiff and stellately branching. Entrance holes scattered on surface, or rarely arranged in discrete patterns; more numerous on substrate-facing side of tuber. Cavity shape and wall character variable within the genus. Tuber tissue fibrous to fleshy, yellowish white, rarely purplish red. Cavity surfaces either partly warted, with lenticel-like outgrowths, partly smooth, or entirely smooth. Stems arising from a single origin on the tuber, sometimes a woody boss, at the apex of the tuber, or rarely at several positions; numerous, occasionally one to few, branched; woody, slender, hanging to erect; often with 2 or 4 ridges, rarely winged; spines absent, rarely root-like around the inflorescences. Leaves rounded to lanceolate, to 20 cm in length, more usually less than 15 cm, often less than 2 cm in montane species; leathery, thick to fleshy, more rarely thin and mesophytic. Petiole 0–9 cm. Stipules interpetiolar, rarely splitting between the petioles; usually inconspicuous, occasionally large, with a prominent keel, caducous to persistent. Inflorescence axillary, rarely terminal, paired, rarely single, usually sessile, or peduncle short and unbranched or up to 12 cm in length. Bracts absent, or sometimes, when peduncle is absent, numerous and conspicuous, papery or leathery, sometimes with numerous reddish hairs on inner surfaces, these persistent. Flowers usually heterostylous. Corolla lobes 4, white, rarely green or red/purple tipped, usually with a ring of hairs at or below the corolla tube mouth which form a connivent mass above the corolla lumen. Anthers generally exserted in short-styled flowers, and then larger, also producing larger pollen grains, rarely pollen grains absent in long-styled flowers. Pollen 3-porate or 3- or 4-colporate, (25–)40–60(–130) µm; pores and colpi rarely bordered, exine finely to coarsely reticulate, brochi 1–1.5 µm across; vesicles rare, small. Stigma 2–4 fid, exserted in long-styled flowers, then with shorter and more papillose elements. Fruit baccate, rarely siccate, ovoid to globose, occasionally flattened, often with prominent calyx and disc remains, yellow, pink or red when ripe. Pyrenes 2 (rarely 3 or 4), obovoid to ovoid, and flattened adaxially, apex rounded to narrowly acute or acuminate, or 3-lobed.</p><p>Distribution — 55 species. Andaman Islands, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Sea level to above the timber line (3 300 m). Epiphytic in seasonally dry to ever-wet forests: strand-line trees, mangrove forest, seasonal Eucalyptus savannah, primary and disturbed rainforest, Casuarina savannah, agricultural trees, heath forest and other poor-soil sites, montane forest (dry to very mossy), ridge-top forest or upper montane forest. More rarely some species are terrestrial above the tree-line ( H. archboldianum, H. pauper), in heath forest or scrub at lower altitudes ( H. caminiferum, H. dentrecastense), occasionally terrestrial on rocky substrates in open-canopied forest ( S. guppyana, H. grandiflorum), or rarely grow in the leaf litter having fallen from the trees ( H. terrestris).</p><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES</p><p>1. Inflorescence peduncles&gt; 3 times as long as broad, branched (sometimes branched so close to stem, that there appear to be 4 in each axil)............................. 2</p><p>1. Inflorescence peduncles &lt;3 times as long as broad, unbranched, 1 or 2 in each axil, or inflorescence sessile or sunken in stem................................ 6</p><p>2. Inflorescence solitary in each axil; peduncle slender, to 3 mm thick, usually ± flattened......................... 3</p><p>2. Inflorescence paired, or apparently 4 in each axil; peduncle thick,&gt; 3 mm thick, terete........................ 4</p><p>3. Lamina 5–20 cm long; peduncle trichotomously branched, with 4 or more fertile branch ends; corolla tube slender, at least 3 times as long as broad......... 53. S. guppyana</p><p>3. Lamina 2–4 cm long; peduncle dichotomously branched, with 2 or rarely 3 fertile branches; corolla tube scarcely longer than broad......................... 54. S. kajewskii</p><p>4. Stem terete; leaves 3–10 cm wide...... 50. H. radicans</p><p>4. Stem square; leaves 0.5–2.5 cm wide.............. 5</p><p>5. Stem 3–10 mm thick when dry; angles winged; pyrenes 4.................................. 48. H. albertisii</p><p>5. Stem 1–2 mm thick when dry; angles not winged; pyrenes 2.............................. 49. H. linearifolium</p><p>6. Inflorescence sessile, obscured or filled by a cushion of bracts and/or bract hairs and calyx remains......... 7</p><p>6. Inflorescence sunken, sessile or pedunculate, but not obscured by bracts or bract hairs................ 28</p><p>7. Lamina 16 by 6 to 40 by 14 cm; inflorescence cushion wider than thickness of stem.......................... 8</p><p>7. Lamina never larger than 15 by 4 cm; inflorescence cushion as wide as, or narrower, than stem............... 10</p><p>8. Petiole c. 9 cm long; inflorescence bract hairs coalescing to form a large mass that obscures the stem................................... 45. H. mamberamoense</p><p>8. Petiole &lt;3 cm long; inflorescence cushions discrete.. 9</p><p>9. Lamina base tapering; petiole 0.5–1 cm; bracts mostly hairs, forming a dense cushion; roots arising from nodes.............................. 12. H. trichomanes</p><p>9. Lamina base rounded or cordate; petiole &lt;0.5 cm; bracts triangular, papery to leathery; roots not arising at nodes............................... 39. H. bracteatum</p><p>10. Corolla lobes and tuber tissue purplish red when fresh 11</p><p>10. Corolla lobes white or greenish white, tuber tissue not purplish red when fresh........................ 13</p><p>11. Lamina 1.2 by 0.6 to 2 by 1.5 cm; pyrenes 2........................................ 38. H. minirubrum</p><p>11. Lamina larger; pyrenes 2–4, usually 3............ 12</p><p>12. Lamina elliptic-lanceolate; corolla to 11 mm; fruit 8 mm. — Western New Guinea.......... 36. H. archboldianum</p><p>12. Lamina elliptic-obovate; corolla to 15 mm; fruit 5 mm. — Papua New Guinea............. 37. H. magnirubrum</p><p>13. Tuber multiple, comprised of more than one globular cavitied swelling articulated by stem or roots....................................... 23. H. multituberosum</p><p>13. Tuber solitary, sometimes deeply lobed, but never articulated by stems or roots........................ 14</p><p>14. Leaves sessile, base blunt to cordate 17. H. caminiferum</p><p>14. Leaves sessile to petiolate, base tapering, always relatively narrow..................................... 15</p><p>15. Lamina to 1.3 by 0.6 cm............ 16. H. buxifolium</p><p>15. Lamina larger............................... 16</p><p>16. Tuber entrance holes numerous, thin-walled cylinders to 1.4 cm high and at least 1 cm across..... 19. H. davisii</p><p>16. Tuber entrance holes not so.................... 17</p><p>17. Stem prominently winged, with wings c. as broad as stem.............................. 47. H. tetrapterum</p><p>17. Stem not prominently winged................... 18</p><p>18. Petiole c. 2 cm............................... 19</p><p>18. Petiole less than 2 cm......................... 20</p><p>19. Leaves succulent; bracts papery, lacking hairs, white. — Vanuatu...................... 55. S. vanuatuensis</p><p>19. Leaves not succulent, but sometimes leathery; bracts papery to leathery, brown, grey or sometimes with reddish hairs. — New Guinea.............. 11. H. petiolatum</p><p>20. Base of lamina abruptly narrowed................ 21</p><p>20. Base of lamina attenuate....................... 24</p><p>21. Plant either a low-level epiphyte, or terrestrial; stems 4- angled; lamina 3.5 by 1 to 11 by 4 cm; apex tapering or acuminate........................... 35. H. terrestris</p><p>21. Plant epiphytic; stems angled or not; lamina relatively broader, apex blunt to acute.................... 22</p><p>22. Bract hairs not a prominent part of the inflorescence, papery bracts being ± as common............ 31. H. hailans</p><p>22. Bract hairs forming a prominent proportion of the inflorescence cushion............................... 23</p><p>23. Found in New Guinea.............. 11. H. petiolatum</p><p>23. Found in Australia............... 8. H. ferrugnineum</p><p>24. Lamina 7.5–15 cm long, lanceolate, midrib caniculate; pyrenes fusiform 4 by 1.5 mm. — Moluccas......................................... 3. H. morotaiense</p><p>24. Lamina less than 7 cm long, midrib raised to flat above; pyrenes obovate............................. 25</p><p>25. Bracts triangular, papery, to 0.8 cm, without hairs... 26</p><p>25. Bracts mostly comprising a mass of hairs.......... 27</p><p>26. Tuber with short tubercles; leaves to 4 by 1.7 cm; pyrene with blunt apiculus.................... 34. H. reevii</p><p>26. Tuber surface smooth; most leaves greater than 4 by 2.1 cm; pyrene apex rounded.......... 32. H. mayuense</p><p>27. Midrib prominent above and below; pyrenes obovate, apex rounded.......................... 7. H. ellipticum</p><p>27. Midrib prominent below, rarely above, and then pyrene apex truncate, with 3 lobes.......... 11. H. petiolatum</p><p>28. Nodes markedly wider than internodes; inflorescence socket-like, sunken into stem................... 29</p><p>28. Nodes not, or scarcely, swollen; inflorescence sessile or pedunculate................................. 36</p><p>29. Tuber of several separate swellings on stem and roots; corolla 3.5 mm. — Waigeo Island 23. H. multituberosum</p><p>29. Tuber solitary, sometimes deeply lobed, but never articulated by stems or roots; corolla usually&gt; 3.5 mm.... 30</p><p>30. Tuber with scattered spines; lamina 0.5 by 0.4 cm; corolla 9.5 mm...................... 18. H. confertifolium</p><p>30. Tuber without spines; lamina greater than 0.5 by 0.4 cm; corolla various............................... 31</p><p>31. Lamina widest below the middle................. 32</p><p>31. Lamina widest above the middle................. 33</p><p>32. Lamina &gt; 4.8 by 1.9 cm, apex acute. — New Guinea.................................... 7. H. ellipticum</p><p>32. Lamina to 3.6 by 3.2 cm, apex obtuse or blunt. — Moluccas................................ 4. H. ovatum</p><p>33. Lamina spathulate. — Moluccas..... 5. H. spathulatum</p><p>33. Lamina obovate. — Western New Guinea......... 34</p><p>34. Stem not winged; petiole 0–0.3 cm.... 6. H. tortuosum</p><p>34. Stem winged; petiole 0.3–1 cm.................. 35</p><p>35. Leaves 3–6 cm long; stipules to 0.1 cm, blunt....................................... 21. H. kebarense</p><p>35. Leaves 5–11 cm long; stipules to 0.6 cm, acute-triangular........................... 47. H. tetrapterum</p><p>36. Leaves narrowly ovate, apex acuminate-caudate, &lt;6 cm long, thin in texture; petiole 0–0.4 cm; corolla to 2 mm.................................. 42. H. hellwigii</p><p>36. Not the above combination..................... 37</p><p>37. Leaves fleshy yellowish green, petiole-midrib base forming a pale, triangular pattern on the lamina............ 38</p><p>37. Not the above combination..................... 39</p><p>38. Inflorescence a pair of peduncles; leaves to 13 by 7.5 cm.............................14. H. moseleyanum</p><p>38. Inflorescence a cluster of (2–)4–6 peduncles; leaves to 24 by 16 cm................... 13. H. grandifolium</p><p>39. Inflorescence sometimes or always solitary and ± displaced in each axil................................. 40</p><p>39. Inflorescence always paired.................... 43</p><p>40. Pyrenes apex apiculate......... 43. H. heterophyllum</p><p>40. Pyrenes apex not apiculate..................... 41</p><p>41. Lamina cordate; corolla to 3.5 mm. — New Guinea................................... 40. H. cordifolium</p><p>41. Lamina elliptic to ovate; corolla 10–46 mm. — Fiji... 42</p><p>42. Corolla 15–46 mm, with a ring of hairs in throat; fruit globose, fleshy.................... 51. H. grandiflorum</p><p>42. Corolla 10–18 mm, glabrous within; fruit flattened, siccate........................... 52. H. longiflorum</p><p>43. Leaves c. 3 times as long as broad or greater...... 44</p><p>43. Leaves less than 3 times as long as broad......... 48</p><p>44. Internodes &lt;0.4 cm thick...................... 45</p><p>44. Internodes&gt; 0.6 cm thick...................... 46</p><p>45. Leaves all more or less similar..... 25. H. ramispinum</p><p>45. Leaves dimorphic: smaller and less ovate on side branches............................... 26. H. valetonii</p><p>46. Leaves 8–15 cm long, less than 2 cm wide; petiole 0.2–1.3 cm. — Borneo......................... 2. H. puffii</p><p>46. Leaves often longer, more than 2 cm wide; petiole various. — New Guinea.............................. 47</p><p>47. Petiole 1–2 cm; inflorescence bracts &lt;1.5 mm; pyrene apex apiculate................... 9. H. lauterbachii</p><p>47. Petiole to 1 cm; inflorescence bracts c. 2 mm long; pyrene apex 3-lobed................... 10. H. magnifolium</p><p>48. Leaves less than 2 times as long as broad......... 49</p><p>48. Leaves greater than 2 times as long as broad...... 58</p><p>49. Leaves less than 3 cm long..................... 50</p><p>49. Leaves more than 3 cm long.................... 56</p><p>50. Leaf base blunt to cordate...................... 51</p><p>50. Leaf base attenuate or tapering................. 52</p><p>51. Tuber with several upward-pointing entrance holes extended like chimneys; terrestrial........ 17. H. caminiferum</p><p>51. Tuber not as above; epiphytic..... 22. H. microphyllum</p><p>52. Leaves less than 1 cm long..................... 53</p><p>52. Leaves more than 1 cm long.................... 54</p><p>53. Corolla 3 mm....................... 24. H. pauper</p><p>53. Corolla 10 mm................... 27. H. vitis­idaea</p><p>54. Leaves less than 1.6 by 0.9 cm; calyx ciliate, entire; corolla glabrous internally................. 15. H. alboviride</p><p>54. Leaves more than 1.4 by 0.7 cm; calyx dentate; corolla with a ring of hairs............................ 55</p><p>55. Tuber flattened, blackish above; leaves subsessile, obovate; calyx markedly 4-dentate, numerous and persistent in axils....................... 28. H. acuminicalyx</p><p>55. Tuber globose, grey to brown; leaves elliptic to ovate; calyx scarcely dentate, not persistent in axils............................................ 33. H. myrtifolium</p><p>56. Pyrenes apiculate at apex....... 43. H. heterophyllum</p><p>56. Pyrenes acute to rounded at apex, but never apiculate 57</p><p>57. Leaves usually&gt; 5 cm; calyx entire. — Not in New Guinea............................. 1. H. formicarum</p><p>57. Leaves usually &lt;4 cm; calyx dentate. — New Guinea.................................... 31. H. hailans</p><p>58. Leaves less than 2 cm long..................... 59</p><p>58. Leaves more than 2 cm long.................... 62</p><p>59. Tuber fusiform, widest at apex; corolla glabrous inside................................ 30. H. fusiforme</p><p>59. Tuber globose; corolla with a ring of hairs or not.... 60</p><p>60. Corolla glabrous inside............. 20. H. decipiens</p><p>60. Corolla with a ring of hairs..................... 61</p><p>61. Main stem bearing paired, slender side branches; leaves clustered, dimorphic, those of the side branches smaller and less ovate..................... 26. H. valetonii</p><p>61. Stem not bearing paired branches; leaves not clustered nor dimorphic.................... 16. H. buxifolium</p><p>62. Petiole 0.5–3 cm............................. 63</p><p>62. Petiole 0–0.5 cm............................. 64</p><p>63. Leaves elliptic to obovate, apex and base rounded, midrib flat above....................... 1. H. formicarum</p><p>63. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, apex and base acute, midrib prominent above and below......... 44. H. lucidulum</p><p>64. Base of leaf blunt to cordate........ 46. H. orichalcum</p><p>64. Base of leaf cuneate.......................... 65</p><p>65. Stipules to 0.4 cm, leaves drying grey-purplish brown. — Central highlands of Papua New Guinea........................................... 29. H. dauloense</p><p>65. Stipules to 0.25 cm, leaves drying glaucous-green. — Milne Bay and Northern Province..... 41. H. dentrecastense</p><p>NOTES ON THE DESCRIPTIONS</p><p>Tuber, stem, leaf, petiole, stipule and inflorescence measurements are all given in centimetres, whilst, flower, fruit and pyrene dimensions are in millimetres. Leaf sizes are given for particular leaves (smallest and largest) and not as ranges. Pollen was mounted in Kaiser’s glycerol jelly and measured with an eyepiece graticule at a magnification of × 100; size is given in micrometres (µm) and where possible is the average of 10 grains.</p><p>The number of flowers dissected for each species is given in square brackets after Flowers. Where heterostyly has not been confirmed (because only a single flower type has been seen for the species), but is probable, it is given as ʻ?heterostylousʼ (11 taxa), or the opposite case as ʻ?not heterostylousʼ (4 taxa: wherein the anthers and stigma are at the same level and are probably homostylous). Overall corolla length is obtained by adding the tube and lobe lengths.</p><p>Latitude and longitude is given where known, and where the locality is poorly localised, the minutes are omitted, the implication being that the specimen comes from within the degree square. Collections are enumerated, as far as is possible, in a NW to SE order within each province or region. All specimens have been seen, unless otherwise stated. An identification list is appended.</p><p>Typification</p><p>Species placed as ‘Uncertain and Little Known Species’ are usually those for which the type is lost, and for which no equivalent material exists, or for which only a single fragmentary specimen is known (we have made an exception for H. contortum var. ledermannii). We have not conducted a search at Berlin or Manila, and have assumed that many of Valeton and Warburg’s type specimens are lost. We have, therefore, not always selected lectotypes for material that we are synonymising. In the case of H. formicarum and H. hellwigii we have selected epitypes (Art. 9.7 of the Tokyo ICBN) to serve as discriminating elements.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFD18112FC8959147FECFA54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFDE8117FFD05A207F8BFEE8.text	03FBBD64FFDE8117FFD05A207F8BFEE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum formicarum Jack	<div><p>1. Hydnophytum formicarum Jack — Fig. 1, 2</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum Jack (1823) 124; DC. (1830) 451; G.Don (1834) 547; D.Dietr. (1839) 459; Endl. (1838) 539; Hassk. (1844) 110; Korth. (1851) 227; Miq. (1855) 309; Hassk. (1866) 172; Miq. (1869) 257; Benth. &amp; Hook.f.(1873) 132;Kurz (1877) 8; Hook.f. (1881) 194; Becc.(1885) 159; Ridl. (1923) 172; Pit. (1924) 406; Craib (1934) 223.</p><p>— Type: Jack s.n. (no specimen known to have existed), Sumatra, Nias Is. Lectotype selected here: Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 11, 16 (1750) 119, t. 55: 1 ( Nidus formicarum niger). Epitype nominated here: Meijer 4602 (L), Sumatra,Mt Sago.</p><p>[ Nidus formicarum niger Rumph. (1750) 119, t. 55: 1].</p><p>Lasiostoma formicarum (Jack) Spreng. (1825) 423.</p><p>Hydnophytum montanum Blume (1826) 956; DC. (1830) 451; Miq. (1855) 309; Becc. (1884) 125. — Many syntypes: Blume (BO), Java, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum sumatranum Becc.(1884) 124;(1885) 137,t. 39:1–5. — Type: Beccari s.n. (FI), Indonesia, Sumatra,Padang,Air Mancur,Aug.1878, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum amboinense Becc.(1884) 124; (1885) 138,t. 32:1–7. — Nidus formicarum niger Rumph. (1750) 119, t. 55: 1a. — Hydnophytum formicarum auct. non Jack: Miq . (1855) 308 p.p. — Type: Beccari 5530 (FI, K), Indonesia, Ambon, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum gaudichaudii Becc.(1884) 124;(1885) 139,t. 35: 1–9. — Hydnophytum inerme (Gaudich.) Bremek. ex Holthuis &amp; H.J.Lam (1942) 245. — Myrmecodia inermis auct. non DC. (1830) 450: Gaudich. in Freyc. (1830) 472, t. 95, 96:2–11 (excl. all synonymy);G.Don (1834) 547; D.Dietr. (1839) 485. — Type: Gaudichaud s.n. (G, P), Indonesia, Waigeo, Rawak Island, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum selebicum Becc.(1884) 125;(1885) 157,t. 39:6–12. — Type: Beccari s.n. (FI), Indonesia, Sulawesi, Kendari, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum coriaceum Becc.(1884) 125; (1885) 158, t. 41. — Type: Beccari 661 (FI), Borneo, Sarawak, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum andamanense Becc. (1885) 156, t. 38: 11–18. — Type: Kurz s.n. (CAL not seen, P), Andaman Islands, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum α typicum Becc . (1885) 159, t. 47: 1–11. — Hydnophytum montanum Blume (1826) 956; DC. (1830) 451; Hassk.(1844) 110;G.Don (1834) 547; D.Dietr. (1839) 459; Miq. (1855) 309 (excl. syn. Rumphius); (1869) 266. — Type: Blume s.n. (L, P), Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum β latifolium Becc . (1885) 160. — Hydnophytum montanum var. latifolia [sic] Miq. (1869) 256. — Type: Van Hasselt s.n. (L), Indonesia, Java, Lebak, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum γ longifolium Becc . (1885) 161, t. 49: 1–5 (sphalm. Hydnophytum montanum forma longifolium l.c. p. 340); Hydnophytum montanum forma,Miq.(1869) 256; Hydnophytum formicarum Jack (1823) 124, excl. Nidus formicarum niger Rumph. — Type: Korthals s.n. (L), Indonesia, Sumatra, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum δ minor Becc . (1885) 161, t. 50: 1–8; Hydnophytum montanum auct. non Blume: Becc. (1884) 125. — Type: Zollinger 2607 (FI), Indonesia, Java, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum ε borneense Becc. (1885) 162, t. 50: 9–18; Hydnophytum borneense Becc. (1884) 125. — Type: Beccari PB 711 (FI), Borneo, Sarawak, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum ζ buxifolium Becc. (1885) 163, t. 47: 12–16. — Hydnophytum montanum ( Celebicum) Miq. (1869) 266 in syn. — Type: Forsten s.n. (L), Indonesia, Sulawesi, Tondano, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum η cochincinense Becc. (1885) 163, t. 49: 6–10. — Hydnophytum blumei Becc. (1884) 125, p.p.; Pit. (1924) 407. — Type: Pierre 51 (A, BM, FI, K, L, P), Vietnam, BaRia Province, Dinh mountain, Mar. 1869, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum montanum θ lucidum Becc. (1885) 164, t. 49: 11–15. — Hydnophytum blumei Becc. (1884) 125, p.p. in clavi. — Type: Beccari PB 3671 (FI), Borneo, Sarawak, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum blumei Becc. (1885) 164, t. 48: 1–8. — Hydnophytum formicarum auct. non Jack: Blume (1826) 956. — Hydnophytum ellipticum Blume Herb. (according to Miq.) ex Becc. (1885) 164, in syn. — Hydnophytum montanum latifolium Miq. (partim) (1869) 257. — Hydnophytum montanum auct. non Blume:Burck (1884) 16, t. 4: 5. — Hydnophytum blumei Becc. (1884) 125, p.p. in clavi. — Type: Blume s.n. (L), Java, Buitenzorg, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum dubium Becc. (1885) 165, t. 48: 9–11, t. 49: 16–19, 51, 52: 2. — Hydnophytum blumei Becc. (1884) 125, p.p. in clavi. Syntypes: Griffith (CAL not seen), Malacca, and Gaudichaud (L not seen), Singapore, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum siamense Becc. (1885) 167, t. 48: 12–17; Pit. (1924) 407. — Type: Pierre 1348 (P), Vietnam, Phu-Qouc island, syn.nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum formicarum zollingerii Becc.(1885) 167,t. 57:17–22. — Type: Zollinger 659 (A, G, P), Java, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum nitidum Merr. (1907) 307. — Type: Merrill 6181 (PNH presumed lost), Philippines, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum intermedium Elmer (1911) 1039. — Type: Elmer 10782 (E, L), Philippines, May 1909, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum orbiculatum Elmer (1913) 1860. — Type: Elmer 15583 (BM, BO, F, FI, G, GH, L, P, UC, W), Philippines, Dec. 1915, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum leytense Merr. (1913) 390. — Type: Wenzel 45 (G), Philippines, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum membranaceum Merr.(1915) 143. — Type: Merrill 3720 (PNH presumed lost), Philippines, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum mindorense Merr. (1915) 143. — Type: Merrill 6182 (PNH presumed lost), Philippines, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber globose to oblate, to 60 cm across; surface smooth to rugose, grey to brown. Roots confined to substrate side of tuber, occasionally numerous and throughout, then becoming ± spinose. Entrance holes lipped or not, to 1 cm across. Stems few to many, sparsely to densely branched; internodes 0.5–5 by 0.2–0.6 cm. Lamina usually lanceolate-elliptic, occasionally obovate or rhomboid, rarely orbicular; 5 by 2, 8 by 1.5, to 14.5 by 7 cm; apex rounded to round-acute; base cuneate, tapering to petiole; midrib prominent below; veins 3–10 oblique; chartaceous to leathery, brittle. Petiole 0–1.5 cm; stipules 0.1–0.2 cm, triangular, caducous. Inflorescence sessile to sunken, paired, axillary. Flowers [12] not heterostylous. Calyx to 1 mm. Corolla tube 1–3 mm, lobes 0.7–1.5 mm, with a ring of hairs below level of mouth. Anthers 1 mm, at mouth of tube. Pollen 3-colporate, 60 (50–75) μm, finely reticulate, vesicles and pores small. Stigma bifid, above level of anthers. Fruit ovoid, to 8 by 5 mm, rarely pubescent, red when ripe. Pyrenes ellipsoid-ovoid, to 2.5–3.5 by 1 mm; apex acute to acuminate, base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mangrove swamp, savannah forest, especially common in heath forest growing on nutrient-poor soils; sea level to 1 500 m. Tuber nearly always inhabited by ants, and usually by Philidris cordata . Rare in many Indonesian islands.</p><p>Distribution — Andaman Islands, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas and Moluccas; it has been collected once from Waigeo Island, but is apparently absent from the New Guinea mainland.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Whilst probably Vulnerable in some parts of its range, this taxon is found throughout the Indonesian archipelago. Other information: EOO 8.5 million km 2.</p><p>Typification — Jack’s original specimen, if it existed, was lost with the ship ‘HMS Fame’, which caught fire in the Indian Ocean (Van Steenis-Kruseman 1950); however, he also cited Rumphius’ illustration (1750) of Nidus formicarum niger (Fig. 2). Since this latter illustration comprises part of the ‘original material’, it must automatically stand as the lectotype (Art. 9.9 in Turland et al. 2017). However, in view of the variable nature of H. formicarum this type is of no practical use – there being over 3 000 km between the type locality cited by Jack (Nias Island, Sumatra) and the lectotype (Ambon). No material is available from Nias, and a specimen from mainland Sumatra has therefore been selected as an epitype (Art. 9.7), to serve as a discriminating element. Geographically, this is the closest specimen that provides a good match to the original description by Jack.</p><p>Since there is no conflict within the type material of the various synonyms, we have not lectotypified any of the material since we feel that considerable alteration may occur to the broad species concept we have proposed here, once more methodical collecting has been undertaken in Indonesia.</p><p>Notes — A widespread and variable species, characterised by its lanceolate-elliptic leaves with a blunt apex.The concept of H. formicarum is broadly defined here, incorporating 15 former species and 12 forms and varieties. Neither Valeton nor Merrill and Perry investigated the Indonesian species of Hydnophytum, and Beccari is the only author who had extensive field knowledge of these plants in the islands west of New Guinea. The many forms and varieties that Beccari described, however, do not appear to be helpful in understanding the genus in Indonesia.</p><p>There are several island forms with much smaller leaves, and the most problematic region centres around the southern Philippines and the northern Moluccas, where this species and H. moseleyanum [14] are both found. On mainland New Guinea this species appears to be replaced by H. petiolatum [11]. In Eastern Borneo there is an exceptionally narrow-leafed species, H. puffii [2], that we have recognised as distinct since it appears to be co-extensive with H. formicarum .</p><p>Beccari (1885: 164) synonymised the name H. ellipticum under his H. formicarum blumei (which was in turn a renaming of his own H. blumei), citing it as being a specimen in the Blume Herbarium seen by Miquel. There are no further details of this in sched. name, and we have seen no specimen. The name H. ellipticum [7] was later used by Merrill and Perry.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFDE8117FFD05A207F8BFEE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFDB8116FFD35DEC7F9EFF62.text	03FBBD64FFDB8116FFD35DEC7F9EFF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum puffii Y. W. Low, Sugau & K. M. Wong	<div><p>2. Hydnophytum puffii Y.W.Low, Sugau &amp; K.M.Wong — Fig. 3</p><p>Hydnophytum puffii Y.W.Low, Sugau &amp; K.M.Wong (2016) 125. — Type: KM Wong et al. WKM 2244 (holo SAN; iso L), Borneo, Sabah, Tongod, Gunung Tingkar, 26 Aug. 1992.</p><p>Tuber small, globose, to 20 cm; surface rugose, smooth, dark brown. Entrance holes lipped, to 1 mm across, and with or without occasional simple spines to 0.8 cm. Cavities small, regular, with smooth and warted surfaces. Stems 1 to few; to 50 by 0.7 cm; much branched; internodes 1.2–6 by 0.3–0.7 cm. Lamina narrowly obovate-lanceolate, ± falcate, margins ± parallel; 8.5 by 0.2 to 15 by 1.5 cm; apex rounded-acute, base tapering; midrib prominent below, veins c. 7 each side, often obscure; leathery to thin in texture; pale green in colour. Petiole 0.2–1.3 cm; stipules triangular to 0.05 cm, caducous. Inflorescence paired mounds to 0.4 cm across, and up to 0.4 cm long; bracts minute, caducous. Flowers not heterostylous. Calyx cupuliform, tube 0.6–1 mm long, glabrous on both sides; margin lobes not present. Corolla tubular, white; tube 1.5–2 mm long, outside glabrous, inside with a band of dense translucent hairs at the throat; lobes triangular, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, outside surface glabrous, inside hairy at the basal-most part attached to the corolla tube; apex not uncinate. Stamens inserted at the corolla throat, basifixed; filaments subsessile; anthers 0.5 mm long, exserted. Style 2.5 mm long, densely papillate except at the basal quarter. Stigma 2-lobed, 0.5 mm long, surface densely papillate, exserted above the anthers. Fruit prolate, 6 by 4 mm, smooth, fleshy drupe, maturing reddish orange. Pyrenes fusiform, broadest slightly above middle, 3.5 mm long, 1.7 mm wide, with a semi-transparent fleshy thread at the base</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Epiphytic in swampy forest, waterlogged Agathis forest, lowland to hill kerangas or heath forest over sedimentary rocks and forest over ultramafic geology; 10–500 m. Tuber inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Borneo (Sabah, E Kalimantan).</p><p>Conservation status — Low et al. (2016) assigned a status Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1+2ab(iii,iv). At the time the taxon was considered to be endemic to Sabah. This is adjusted here to Near Threatened (NT) on the basis that collections from south-eastern Kalimantan raise the known extent to nearly 800 km and the former EOO from 15 000 km 2 to 93 000 km 2. Whilst now having a larger known range, its habitat remains highly threatened by logging and clearing for oil palm plantations. Other information: georeferenced collections 12, AOO 22 500 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), indicating 9 locations.</p><p>Additional specimens from Kalimantan. Endert 1647 (BO,L), Kalimantan, S0°00' E116°30', West Koetai, no. 4, near Bewaewa; Endert 2165 (BO, L), West Koetai,no. 9, near Antjabeng; Kostermans 13106 (BO,L), West Koetai, Mt Palimasan, near Tabang on Belajan River.</p><p>Notes — The exceptionally slender leaves of this species separate it from H. formicarum [1] with which it shares inflorescence characters. The specimens, however, are variable, some with smaller, thicker leaves (Kostermans 13106) others larger and more papery when dry (Endert 2165). Hydnophytum angustifolium (see Uncertain and Little Known Species) described by Merrill (1908) from the Philippines suggests a very similar facies to this species, but all the original type material is missing (see Uncertain and Little Known Species). In describing H. puffii, Low et al. (2016) contrasted the description of this later species in some detail.</p><p>The name perangustum had been proposed for this species, and was circulating in horticultural circles, but remains a nomen nudum. The name ‘ H. extendifolium’ has been applied to specimens at Leiden, but no publication has been traced.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFDB8116FFD35DEC7F9EFF62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFDA8116FFD05D2A780BFE24.text	03FBBD64FFDA8116FFD05D2A780BFE24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum morotaiense Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>3. Hydnophytum morotaiense Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 4; Map 1</p><p>Tuber laeve . Caules complures; internodia ad 7 per 0.8 cm. Lamina lanceolata,7.5 per 1.8 ad 15 per 4.5 cm,apice acuto,basi sensim attenuata.Petiolus 1.3 cm;stipulae triangulares,0.25 mm longae,caducae.Inflorescentia binati pulvini ad 1.5 cm in diametro.Flos non bene cognitus.</p><p>— Typus: Kostermans 985 (holo BO; iso A, K, L), Moluccas, Morotai Island, 25 May 1949 .</p><p>Etymology. For the type locality.</p><p>Tuber scarcely known, probably large; surface smooth. Cavities warted and smooth-walled. Stems several to 1 m in length; branched, drying striate; internodes 1.5–7 by 0.4–0.8 cm, angular. Lamina narrowly lanceolate; 7.5 by 1.8 to 15 by 4.5 cm; apex acute; base tapering; midrib prominent below, canaliculate above; veins 5–7, but often obscured, arched and joined near margin; thick and leathery, drying grey-green. Petiole to 1.3 cm, drying dark; stipules triangular to 0.25 cm, caducous. Inflorescence comprising 2 or 4 circular depressions with slightly raised rims, covered by a mass of brown bract hairs to 1.5 cm across. Flowers [1] fragmentary. Calyx 1 mm, entire. Corolla tube 0.8 mm, with a ring of hairs below the anthers lobes 0.6 mm, uncus to 0.3 mm. Anthers 0.4 mm, filaments 0.2 mm; half exserted from mouth of tube. Stigma at level of anthers. Fruit to 4.5 mm, oblong, with large disc remains surrounded by calyx remains. Pyrenes fusiform to ovoid, 3–4 by 1–1.5 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, 100–800 m. Tuber contents not recorded.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia, North Sulawesi Province (Talaud Island) and North Maluku Province (Morotai Island).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2. The two island populations are over 330 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Lam 3602 (BO, L), Moluccas, Morotai Is, Mt Ligoir, Guguti, East of Pilano; Lam 2963 (BO, L), Talaud Island, Karakelang, SW slope of G. Duata.</p><p>Note — The lanceolate leaves and large bract cushions covering the inflorescence are reminiscent of Myrmephytum moniliforme C.R.Huxley &amp; Jebb (Huxley &amp; Jebb 1991c), with which it could be confused. The inflorescence structure is similar to that of H. ovatum [4] and H. spathulatum [5].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFDA8116FFD05D2A780BFE24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFDA8115FC895DA87CE8FE67.text	03FBBD64FFDA8115FC895DA87CE8FE67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum ovatum Miq.	<div><p>4. Hydnophytum ovatum Miq. — Fig. 5; Map 1</p><p>Hydnophytum ovatum Miq. (1869) 257; Becc. (1885) 143, t. 32: 8–14. — Type: Teysmann &amp; de Vries 20 (lectotype selected here L; CAL not seen), Indonesia, Moluccas, Ternate, Mar. 1860.</p><p>Tuber oblong to globose, dark brown, without ridges or spines. Stems several, branched to 70 cm; internodes 1.5–5 by 0.1–0.5 cm, rounded to subterete. Leaves sessile. Lamina ovate to orbicular, 1.6 by 1.3 to 3.6 by 3.2 cm; apex obtuse; base truncate to cordate; midrib diminishing rapidly, prominent near base; veins 4 or 5; leathery in texture, drying reddish brown. Stipules triangular, to 0.2 by 0.2 cm, caudate, caducous. Inflorescence a mass of tightly grouped sockets in a swollen node. Bracts papery to hairy, to 2 mm long. Flowers [3] heterostylous. Calyx to 1 mm entire. Corolla to 6.5 mm; tube 5 mm; lobes triangular to 1.5 mm; a narrow band of very short hairs at mouth of tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers exserted; pollen 63 (60–65) µm, brochi 1.5 µm; stigma bifid, below mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers within mouth of tube, to 1 mm long; pollen 48 (44–53) µm, brochi 1 µm; stigma exserted. Fruit globose, to 5 mm, calyx remains prominent. Pyrenes obovoid, 2 by 1.2 mm, rounded at apex.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, 1 200–1 500 m. Tuber inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — North Maluku Province (Ternate and Tidore Islands).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2. Known from two small and adjacent volcanic islands this taxon may be prone to sudden habitat fluctuations.</p><p>Note — The inflorescence is composed of several peduncular sockets each of which produces a succession of flowers, and which together form a large swollen mass at the nodes. Where a branch arises at a fertile node, these sockets lie to each side of the branch, and above it. It is distinguished from H. spathulatum [5] by its leaf shape. It is restricted to the volcanic islands of Ternate and Tidore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFDA8115FC895DA87CE8FE67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFD98115FFD05E6779E9FEE0.text	03FBBD64FFD98115FFD05E6779E9FEE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum spathulatum Valeton	<div><p>5. Hydnophytum spathulatum Valeton — Fig. 6; Map 1</p><p>Hydnophytum spathulatum Valeton (1912a) t. 340. — Type: Smith s.n. (lectotype selected here BO 1360 ­ 120; iso BO 1360­119), Moluccas, Batjan Is, 2 Sept. 1900.</p><p>Tuber oblong to conical, to 25 by 10 cm, ridged, smooth or rough; spines unbranched, flexible, root-like or recurved, on ridges; entrance holes numerous. Stems several, arising from a large area around tuber apex, to 50 by 0.4 cm, little branched; internodes 1–5 by 0.1–0.3 cm, terete; spines rarely present at nodes. Lamina spathulate, 3 by 1.8 to 5.5 by 2.5 cm; apex rounded, base attenuate; leathery to thin; midrib not prominent, veins obscure. Petiole 0–0.5 cm, stipules c. 0.1 cm, soon falling. Inflorescence a mass of tightly grouped sockets forming a prominent swelling at each node; bracts small, papery. Flowers [2]?heterostylous. Calyx c. 0.2 mm. Corolla tube to 2.5 mm; lobes 1–1.5 mm; with a broad band of short hairs at level of anthers at mouth of tube. Anthers 1 mm, at mouth of tube. Pollen 3-porate, 53 (50–57) µm, brochi &lt;1 µm across; vesicles prominent. Stigma bifid, exserted. Fruit globose, red. Pyrenes obovoid, 3.5 by 1.5 mm; the flattened surface adpressed to the other pyrene c. 2.8 mm long, the rounded-acute apex projecting freely away from the other pyrene.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, from sea level to 300 m. Tuber inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia, Maluku Province.</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2. Known from four collections, one from each island in the north Moluccas. Since EOO and AOO measures are inappropriate, criteria D2 is utilised.</p><p>Notes — The inflorescence of this species is similar to that of H. ovatum [4], although the leaves are very different and it is more widely distributed in the north Moluccas.</p><p>The specimen De Vogel 4130 from Obi Island is placed here with reservation. The leaves are lanceolate and finely attenuated at each end, reaching 10 by 1.5 cm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFD98115FFD05E6779E9FEE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFD98115FC885DE4782CFB62.text	03FBBD64FFD98115FC885DE4782CFB62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum tortuosum Becc.	<div><p>6. Hydnophytum tortuosum Becc. — Fig. 7; Map 1</p><p>Hydnophytum tortuosum Becc. (1884) 124; (1885) 141, t. 37: 1–5. — Type: Beccari 185 (lectotype selected here FI; iso K), New Guinea, West Papua Province, Sorong .</p><p>Tuber spherical, to 20 cm across, smooth, otherwise unknown. Stems numerous, to 60 cm long, little branched; internodes 1–6 by 0.1–0.3 cm, round; nodes slightly swollen. Lamina obovate; 3 by 1.6 to 4.5 by 2.5 cm; apex rounded-acute, base cuneate; veins 3–5; leaves tending to dry crinkled. Petiole 0–0.3 cm; stipules triangular, 0.1 cm, caducous. Inflorescence an area of socket-like depressions across one axil of each node, and to sides of petiole. Flowers [2]?heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm. Corolla tube 2 mm, lobes 2 mm, a ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Anthers within throat or exserted, 1 mm long. Pollen 44 (40–48) µm diam. Stigma 2-fid, lobes long, above anthers. Fruit and pyrenes immature.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mangrove forest to lowland forest, sea level to 300 m. Tuber inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — New Guinea (West Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known c. 120 km apart.</p><p>Note — The specimens included here in this species are somewhat varied, but each exhibits an inflorescence structure identical to that illustrated by Beccari (1885: t. 37), and all are found in a limited geographical area, see Map 1. The inflorescence shows similarities to those of H. ovatum [4] and H. spathulatum [5], although in these latter two species they are developed into prominently swollen nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFD98115FC885DE4782CFB62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFD8810BFFD05A7F79BDFC41.text	03FBBD64FFD8810BFFD05A7F79BDFC41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum ellipticum Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>7. Hydnophytum ellipticum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 8; Map 2</p><p>Hydnophytum ellipticum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 19. — Type: Brass 12111 (A), New Guinea, West Papua Province, 15 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Jan. 1939 .</p><p>Tuber irregularly globose, 10–22 cm across. Entrance holes numerous, of two types: the majority prominently lipped (to 0.6 mm tall), 0.15–0.8 cm diam, others fewer, funnel-like, and then 0.9–2 cm across. Roots numerous, scattered on surface, 0.1–1 cm long. Cavities largest in centre, spiral in structure, to 5 cm diam. Warts absent from all cavity walls. Stems several, upcurved, branching, to 40 by 0.4 cm; young stems ferruginous; internodes 3–5 cm, rounded to angular; nodes swollen, 1 cm or more across. Lamina lanceolate-elliptic; 4.8 by 1.9 to 8 by 4.3 cm; apex acute to acuminate, ultimately blunt; base attenuate; leathery; midrib prominent above and below; veins 4–8. Petiole 0.3–0.8 cm; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescence sunken, cup-like alveoli, 0.5–0.7 cm across, with a prominent rim, filled with a dense cushion of hairy bracts to 0.4 cm, and papery bract remains. Bracts persistent on old stems. Flowers [3] heterostylous. Calyx entire to 1 mm, sometimes with bract hairs attached. Corolla tube to 7.5 mm; lobes 2.5 mm; with a broad ring of hairs at mouth of tube and extending to insides of lobes, hairs to 1.6 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 2 mm; exserted on filaments 1 mm long; pollen 41 (38–43) µm across, brochi 1–2 µm; stigma 2-fid, below mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1.5 mm, within mouth of tube; pollen 51 (49–52) µm across, brochi very fine; stigma, exserted. Fruit 6.5 by 3 mm. Pyrenes broad-obovoid 3.5 by 2.7 mm; apex rounded truncate, with a blunt apiculus; base tapered; abaxial side with a longitudinal ridge.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, (? 80–)1070–1840 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Whilst probably Vulnerable in some parts of its range, this taxon is widespread across much of central New Guinea with herbarium collections indicating 7 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 8, AOO 17 500 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), EOO c. 58 000 km 2.</p><p>Notes — Beccari records a H. ellipticum in Blume’s herbarium, which he synonymised with H. formicarum blumei (Beccari 1885: 64). Since no description was given, and no specimen has been traced, we feel it unnecessary to qualify the Merrill and Perry name as a homonym.</p><p>A distinctive species with its slender stems and relatively large swollen nodes with pulvinate bract cushions. The leaves are lanceolate and have a midrib prominent above and below. It can be distinguished from the H. petiolatum complex [11] by the more lanceolate leaves (although these are approached by H. petiolatum var. nigrescens [11g]), and the generally higher altitudes occupied by the present species. Pulle 307 reputedly comes from low altitude (80 m), and although this may be correct, it is also possible that the measure represents camp data rather than the actual collection site.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFD8810BFFD05A7F79BDFC41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC7810BFC8958447999F8FD.text	03FBBD64FFC7810BFC8958447999F8FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum ferrugineum P. I. Forst.	<div><p>8. Hydnophytum ferrugineum P.I.Forst. — Fig. 9; Map 3</p><p>Hydnophytum ferrugineum P.I.Forst. (2001) 103. — Type: P.I. Forster PIF21406 et al. (holo BRI (3 sheets + spirit); iso K, MEL), Australia, Queensland, Cook District, Timber reserve 14, Leo Creek, 9 July 1997.</p><p>Hydnophytum sp.1 Huxley, in Buckley (1982) 72.</p><p>Tuber globose to 30 cm diam, silvery in colour, covered by entrance holes. Stems 1–3, branching, internodes 1.5–4.5 cm, nodes swollen. Leaves variable in size. Lamina oblong-lanceolate to obovate, 3.5 by 1 to 6 by 2.5 cm; apex rounded; base cuneate; midrib prominent on both sides; veins 4 or 5. Petiole 0–0.6 cm. Inflorescence sunken, with a mass of brown bract hairs to 1.2 cm across. Flowers [1]?not heterostylous. Corolla tube 2–3.5 mm; lobes 2 by 1.5 mm; with a broad ring of hairs at mouth of tube; anthers 1.2 by 0.5mm within mouth of tube; stigma immediately above anthers.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Canopy epiphyte of ridge forest, 100 m.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to Australia (Queensland).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the type locality known. Forster (2001) has previously classified this taxon as Vulnerable under former guidelines as VU, C2, D1, D2.</p><p>Note — We had intended assigning this taxon as a further variety of H. petiolatum [11], and Brass 19885 is labelled as the type of ‘ H. petiolatum var. australiense ’. However, Forster (2001) has since published the taxon as a species, and the name and rank are retained here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC7810BFC8958447999F8FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC78109FC895B017997FE84.text	03FBBD64FFC78109FC895B017997FE84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum lauterbachii Valeton	<div><p>9. Hydnophytum lauterbachii Valeton — Fig. 10; Map 2</p><p>Hydnophytum lauterbachii Valeton (1911) 505. — Type: Versteeg 1226 (lectotype selected here L; iso BO, K), New Guinea, Papua Province, S5°00' E138°30' Noordrivier (= Lorentz river), Sept. 1907 .</p><p>Tuber 15 cm or more across; surface smooth. Entrance holes few, conical, to 1 cm across. Spines occasional, scattered, erect, flexible, blunt, to 0.6 cm in length. Cavities few, tuber somewhat fleshy. Stems several, to 50 by 1 cm, sparsely branched; internodes 1.5–9.5 cm, rounded sometimes with prominent ridges. Leaves spreading. Lamina lanceolate, 9 by 3.5 to 17 by 5.5 cm; apex acuminate; base attenuate; thin to fleshy, dull dark green above, green below; midrib prominent below; veins 6–12. Petiole 1–2 cm; stipules minute, papery, caducous. Inflorescence paired, on small mounds to 0.5 cm across. Bracts minute, caducous. Flowers [4] not heterostylous. Calyx entire, to 1.5 mm. Corolla tube 3.5–4 mm, lobes 1.5–3.5 mm; with a broad ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Anthers 1.5 mm, in mouth of corolla tube. Pollen 57–63 µm, brochi 1–1.5 µm; vesicles 15–20 µm. Stigma 2-lobed, above anthers. Fruit to 6 mm, orange. Pyrenes ellipsoid, 5 by 2.5 mm, abaxial surface with a prominent central ridge; apex apiculate; base acute to rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Unknown, low altitude. Tuber probably ant-inhabited.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (western New Guinea) and Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). This taxon is widespread across much of the lowlands of south-central New Guinea (625 km extent) with herbarium collections indicating 5 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 5, AOO 12 500 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), EOO c. 16 000 km 2.</p><p>Note — A low altitude species from the southern slopes of the central cordillera of New Guinea. The large, thin, and petiolate leaves and a mound-like inflorescence are characteristic. Differs from H. magnifolium [10] in the larger, apiculate pyrenes which are not 3-lobed at the apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC78109FC895B017997FE84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC58109FC895D087818F9BB.text	03FBBD64FFC58109FC895D087818F9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum magnifolium Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>10. Hydnophytum magnifolium Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 11; Map 2</p><p>Hydnophytum magnifolium Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 15. — Type: Brass 14130 (lectotype selected here A; iso L), New Guinea, Papua Province, Bernhard Camp, Idenburg river, Apr. 1939.</p><p>Tuber subglobose, to 50 cm diam, surface smooth. Entrance holes conical to 0.6 cm across. Stems several, branching, to 90 cm long. Internodes 1–6 by 0.2–0.6 cm. Leaves shortly petiolate. Lamina lanceolate to elliptic; 3.2 by 1 to 16 by 8 cm; apex acute-acuminate; base attenuate; midrib prominent below, veins 6–10. Petiole 0.4–1 cm; stipules inconspicuous, triangular, to 0.2 cm, papery, caducous. Inflorescence paired, sessile to mound-like. Bracts few, papery to 2 mm. Flowers [4] heterostylous. Calyx entire, to 2 mm. Corolla tube 4.5–6 mm; lobes 2 mm; a broad ring of hairs immediately within mouth of tube and partly exserted. Short-styled flowers with anthers exserted on filaments to 1.5 mm; pollen 3-porate, 62 (57–73) µm, brochi 1 µm, vesicles and pores small; stigma 2-lobed, 1/2 way up tube. Long-styled flowers anthers 1 mm, within mouth of tube; pollen 3-porate, 52 (50–54) µm, brochi 1 µm, vesicles and pores small; stigma exserted. Fruit 5 by 2.5 mm, red. Pyrenes ellipsoid to obovoid to obtriangular, 4.5 by 2 mm; apex truncate with three acute to rounded lobes, the middle one longest; abaxial surface prominently ribbed with 2 furrows; base tapering or rounded</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, sea level to 600 m. Only once recorded with ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (western New Guinea) and Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Whilst probably Vulnerable in some parts of its range, this taxon is widespread across much of the north coast of New Guinea with herbarium collections indicating 5 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 10, AOO 17 500 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), EOO c. 78 500 km 2.</p><p>Note — Differs from H. lauterbachii [9] in its thicker lamina, smaller, more papery inflorescence bracts and 3-lobed pyrene apex. It is confined to the north coast of western New Guinea, while H. lauterbachii is a south coast species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC58109FC895D087818F9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC58108FC895A5A79D9F917.text	03FBBD64FFC58108FC895A5A79D9F917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum Becc.	<div><p>11. Hydnophytum petiolatum Becc. — Fig. 12, 13; Map 3</p><p>Hydnophytum petiolatum Becc. (1884) 124; (1885) 144, t. 34. — Type: Beccari PP 187 (lectotype selected here FI; iso K), Sorong, West Papua Province, 1872.</p><p>Hydnophytum kochii Valeton (1911) 507. — Type: Koch 26 (lectotype selected here L; iso BO), West Papua Province, Fakfak, 23 Nov. 1904, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum ledermannii Valeton (1927) 134. — Type: Ledermann 12925 (B presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, Sepik River, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum nigrescens Merr.&amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 16. — Type: Brass 7171 (lectotype selected here A; iso BM, BRI), Papua New Guinea, Western Province, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction Black River, ridge forests, July 1936, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum contortum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 17. — Type: Brass 5849 (lectotype selected here A;iso BO,BRI,CAL),Papua New Guinea,Western Province, Wuroi, Oriomo River, Mar. 1934, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber globose, to 50 cm across; surface smooth, brown to grey to silvery. Entrance holes of various sizes, 0.1–1 cm across, rounded, lipped. Cavities warted and smooth-walled. Stems numerous, branching, sometimes zigzagged; nodes swollen, especially when fertile. Lamina lanceolate to cordate-ovate; 2 by 1.2 to 11 by 5 cm; apex rounded to acute, base cordate to cuneate; midrib prominent below, or more rarely prominent on both sides; leathery, often drying a reddish brown colour. Petiole 0–2 cm; stipules triangular or blunt, to 0.5 cm, persistent becoming part of inflorescence margin. Inflorescence paired, sunken, cup-like, with a mass of reddish bract hairs, sometimes with numerous papery bract remains; 0.4–1.5 cm across. Flowers heterostylous. Calyx 1–2 mm, entire or with a fringe of brown hairs. Corolla tube 2–6 mm, lobes 2–5 mm, tube with a broad ring of hairs at mouth and base of lobes. Anthers 1–2 mm long, exserted or within mouth of tube. Pollen 36–60 µm, brochi 0.5–2.5 µm across; characteristic of many of the individual varieties are the irregular vesicles, with one often larger than the remaining two. Stigma above or below anthers. Fruit obovoid, 3–6 mm, with prominent calyx remains, orange to red. Pyrenes obovoid, 2.5 by 1.5–4 by 2.5 mm; apex rounded to truncate, sometimes 3-lobed; base tapering, blunt.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mangrove forest or coastal trees to forest, open or disturbed areas, including forest on nutrient-poor soils, sea level to 1 800 m. Tubers sometimes inhabited by ants, sometimes not.</p><p>Notes — This taxon has not been satisfactorily resolved, however, it seems to us that the lumping of these five species is the most reasonable step to take with our current knowledge. Rather than obscure the variation, seven geographic varieties are recognised, three of which are illustrated. The chorology of leaf and pyrene shapes are presented on Map 3.All these varieties share the following features: stems contorted, zigzagged at nodes; leaves leathery or fleshy, drying a characteristic reddish brown colour; inflorescences socket-like, and usually filled with dense, reddish brown bract hairs, which become more prominent on dried specimens; calyx with hairs strongly attached to its outer surface, and sometimes to its margin.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (western New Guinea) and Papua New Guinea. Individual variants are distributed as follows: Variant Distribution</p><p>11a. var. petiolatum New Guinea.</p><p>11b. var. argentatum Normanby Is., PNG.</p><p>11c. var. auridemens Misima Is, PNG.</p><p>11d. var. contortum Western, Central, Morobe, PNG.</p><p>11e. var. lacum Wissel lakes, West Papua Province. 11f. var. ledermannii Sepik, PNG.</p><p>11g. var. nigrescens Western, PNG.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC58108FC895A5A79D9F917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC4810FFC895AB67CA9FD2D.text	03FBBD64FFC4810FFC895AB67CA9FD2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum var. petiolatum	<div><p>a. var. petiolatum</p><p>Hydnophytum petiolatum Becc.</p><p>Hydnophytum kochii Valeton.</p><p>Tuber globose. Stems numerous, branching, nodes swollen. Lamina elliptic, 6 by 2.5 to 11 by 4 cm; apex rounded-acute; base rounded, abruptly attenuate. Petiole 0.5–2 cm; stipules triangular, to 0.2 cm, caducous. Inflorescence socket-like to somewhat pulvinate cushions of bract hairs, to 1.2 cm across. Flowers [4] heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, entire. Corolla tube to 4 mm; lobes 2 mm; tube with a broad ring of hairs within mouth of tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 2 mm, exserted on 1 mm filaments; stigma within mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1.5 mm, at mouth of tube; stigma exserted. Pollen 3-porate, 57 (54–59) µm, pores and vesicules large, brochi 2–3 µm. Fruit ellipsoid to obovoid, 5 by 4 mm. Pyrenes obovoid, 3.5 by 3 mm; apex and base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mangrove swamp to lowland forest, to 100 m. Tuber inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Sepik Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Known from just five locations but with a geographical spread of 1 300 km this taxon is enigmatic. The figures for AOO and EOO are probably uninformative in view of the sparse numbers. Other information: AOO 10 000 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km) and EOO of 135 000 km 2.</p><p>Note — The type of H. kochii has somewhat oblong leaves compared to those of H. petiolatum, but in other characters the collections are a close match.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC4810FFC895AB67CA9FD2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC3810FFFD05ED17F80F7F3.text	03FBBD64FFC3810FFFD05ED17F80F7F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum var. argentatum Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>b. var. argentatum Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, var. nov. — Map 3 <p>a Hydnophytum petiolatum sed tuber oblongum, angulari,superficies laevis, argentum coloratum. Folia subsessilia, lamina subrotunda usque ovata, 1.1 per 0.8 ad 3.4 per 3 cm,apice obtusa vel rotundato,basi obtusa vel cordata, nervi obscurato 4–5. Petiolus brevissimus. Pyrenae obovoideae, 4 per 2.5 mm, apice rotundato vel acuminato minuto, basi attenuata.</p></p><p>a Hydnophytum petiolatum sed tuber oblongum, angulari,superficies laevis, argentum coloratum. Folia subsessilia, lamina subrotunda usque ovata, 1.1 per 0.8 ad 3.4 per 3 cm,apice obtusa vel rotundato,basi obtusa vel cordata, nervi obscurato 4–5. Petiolus brevissimus. Pyrenae obovoideae, 4 per 2.5 mm, apice rotundato vel acuminato minuto, basi attenuata.</p><p>— Typus: Jebb 376 (holo K; iso L, LAE, UPNG), Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Normanby Island, Mt Bwebwesu, 6 June 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. For the silver colour of the tuber surface in the living plant.</p><p>Tuber oblong-ovoid, angular, to 25 by 14 cm, silvery-grey in colour. Entrance holes varied in size, 0.2–1.8 cm, all more or less prominently lipped. Stems numerous, regularly branching, rounded in section; nodes swollen, to 7 mm across, internodes 0.4–4.5 cm. Leaves clustered at stem apices. Lamina roundelliptic; 1.1 by 0.8 to 3.4 by 3.0 cm; apex blunt to rounded; base blunt to cordate; veins 4 or 5; drying dark above pale below. Petiole very short; stipules triangular, 0.1 cm, persistent becoming worn. Inflorescence sunken, 0.4–0.5 cm across, and densely filled with papery bract remains and bract hairs to 0.3 cm long. Flowers [5] heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, entire, with a large number of brown bract hairs arising from its surface, and persistent in fruit. Corolla tube to 4.5 mm, lobes 2 mm, with a ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Short-styled flower with anthers exserted, to 1.5 mm, pollen 38–45 µm diam; stigma at or slightly below anthers. Long-styled flower with anthers within tube, to 1 mm, pollen 35–37 µm diam; stigma exserted. Fruit 4.5 by 3 mm, red. Pyrenes obovoid, 4 by 2.5 mm; apex rounded, minutely acuminate; base attenuate.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Only known from the stunted, scrub forest on ultrabasic soils in southern Normanby Island, from 400–600 m ( H. dentrecastense [43] and Anthorrhiza areolata C.R.Huxley &amp; Jebb (1991b) are also endemic to this area of vegetation). The tuber cavities contain rainwater and cockroaches.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Normanby Island).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with a single population known from an area of ultramafic soils identified as a source of future nickel and gold mining. The entire area covers less than 20 km 2, but it is not known whether this epiphyte is found further afield.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Jebb 375 ( LAE), Jebb 377 (A), Jebb 378 ( LAE), Jebb 379 ( LAE), Milne Bay Province, Normanby Island: S10°02' E151°00', NW slopes of Mt Bwebwesu, above Sewa Bay, 6 June 1983.</p><p>Note — This variant has slender, much contorted stems, and small, almost circular leaves. The tuber has a smooth surface, with prominently lipped entrance holes. It is named for the striking metallic silver-coloured surface of the tuber.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC3810FFFD05ED17F80F7F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC3810FFC895CC4783FF98A.text	03FBBD64FFC3810FFC895CC4783FF98A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum var. auridemens Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>c. var. auridemens Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, var. nov. — Fig. 12; Map 3 <p>a Hydnophytum petiolatum sed tuber cum aperturae numerosae, labrosae, 0.3 ad 0.9 cm in diametro. Lamina obovata usque ovata, 6 per 3 ad 7.5 per 4 cm, apice obtusa acuta, basi sensim attenuata, nervi 6 vel 7. Petiolus ad 0.7 cm. Pyrenae obovoideae, 4 per 2 mm, apice rotundato, basi cuneata. —</p></p><p>a Hydnophytum petiolatum sed tuber cum aperturae numerosae, labrosae, 0.3 ad 0.9 cm in diametro. Lamina obovata usque ovata, 6 per 3 ad 7.5 per 4 cm, apice obtusa acuta, basi sensim attenuata, nervi 6 vel 7. Petiolus ad 0.7 cm. Pyrenae obovoideae, 4 per 2 mm, apice rotundato, basi cuneata. —</p><p>Typus: Jebb 397 (holo K; iso L, LAE), Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Misima Island, Mt Sisa, 11 June 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. Latin for gold-madness,for the human obsession with seeking gold.</p><p>Tuber globose, flattened, to 30 by 20 cm, light brown. Entrance holes numerous, lipped, from 0.3–0.9 cm across (internal); arranged in linear to curved arrays. Stems numerous, branching, to 60 cm long; internodes 1.5–8 by 0.2–0.8 cm, rounded, with 4 fine ridges; young stems ferruginous. Leaves spreading. Lamina obovate to ovate; 6 by 3 to 7.5 by 4 cm; apex blunt-acute, base tapering; leathery, brittle, dark glossy green above, pale below; midrib prominent above and below, and distinct to very apex, veins 6 or 7. Petiole 0.7 cm; stipules 0.2–0.3 cm, triangular, papery, caducous. Inflorescence sunken, with a dense cushion of bract hairs 0.3–0.5 cm in length, forming a mass 1–1.5 cm across. Flowers [4] heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, densely clothed with bract hairs, and with a margin of hairs persistent in fruit. Corolla tube to 5 mm; lobes rounded-triangular, to 3 mm; with a ring of hairs within and exserted from mouth of tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 2 mm, exserted; pollen 44 µm diam; stigma below anthers. Long-styled flowers with anthers 1.5 mm, within tube; pollen 37 µm diam; stigma exserted. Fruit 6 mm, ovoid, orange-red. Pyrenes obovoid, 4 by 2 mm; apex rounded; base tapered, notched.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — High to middle-level epiphyte in open forest, 300–400 m. Tuber inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Misima Island).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with a single population known from Misima island, the site of a major gold lode and potential mine site. The entire island is under 200 km 2 in extent and less than 50 % of that area remains forested.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.Brass 27390 (A, L), S slopes of Mt Sisa, 1956; Jebb 395 (BRI), Jebb 396 (CANB, LAE), Jebb 398 (A, LAE), Louisiade Archipelago,Misima Island,S10°39'E152°48',NE slopes of Mt Sisa,11 June 1983.</p><p>Note — The pulvinate cushions of bract hairs and the thinner leaves are characteristic of this variety. It is named for the gold rush currently taking place on the island, which has removed almost the entire forest cover from Mount Sisa, and which will probably exterminate much of the endemic flora.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC3810FFC895CC4783FF98A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC3810EFC895A0A7990FEFA.text	03FBBD64FFC3810EFC895A0A7990FEFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum var. contortum (Merr. & L. M. Perry) Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>d. var. contortum (Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry) Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, stat. nov. — Fig. 13; Map 3</p><p>Basionym: Hydnophytum contortum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 26 (1945) 17. — Type: Brass 5849 (lectotype selected here A; iso BO, BRI, CAL), Papua New Guinea, Western Province, Wuroi, Oriomo River, Mar. 1934.</p><p>Tuber globose, to 30 cm across, surface smooth, grey to brown. Entrance holes of various sizes, 0.1–1 cm across, rounded, large holes lipped. Stems numerous, to 20(–30) by 0.5 cm, branching; internodes angular to rounded, 1–4 by 0.5 cm, nodes to 1.2 cm across, contorted. Leaves subsessile. Lamina elliptic to broad-obovate; 3 by 1.5 to 6 by 4 cm; apex rounded; base tapering, rounded and abruptly attenuate; midrib prominent below, veins 4–6; leathery, brittle; drying brownish red. Petiole 0–0.3 cm; stipules to 0.2 cm, caducous. Inflorescence sessile to sunken, usually with a dense cushion of bract hairs to 1 cm across. Flowers [4] heterostylous. Calyx 1 mm, entire, with attached bract hairs to 1.5 mm long. Corolla tube 8 mm; lobes 3 mm; tube with a broad ring of hairs at mouth. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1 mm, exserted on 1 mm filaments; pollen 3-porate, 57 (48–60) µm, brochi 2 µm; stigma within mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers within mouth of tube; pollen 3-porate, 64 (59–66) µm, brochi&gt; 2 µm; stigma immediately above anthers. Fruit ellipsoid, to 8 by 4.5 cm, with prominent hairy calyx remains. Pyrenes obovoid-obtriangular, to 4.5 by 3 cm; apex rounded; base tapering.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mangrove forest to lowland forest, sea level to 200 m. Tuber usually inhabited by ants, and then by a range of ant species.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western, Central and Morobe Provinces).</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Whilst probably Vulnerable in some parts of its range, this taxon is widespread across much of Papua New Guinea with herbarium collections indicating at least six locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 12, EOO c. 160 000 km 2.</p><p>Note — The almost sessile, rounded leaves, short contorted internodes and hairy calyx distinguish this variant. It has a wide distribution in Papua New Guinea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC3810EFC895A0A7990FEFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC2810EFC895D197EDFF94A.text	03FBBD64FFC2810EFC895D197EDFF94A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum var. lacum Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>e. var. lacum Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, var. nov. — Map 3 <p>a Hydnophytum petiolatum sed lamina ovata usque obovata, 1.6 per 1 ad 3.8 per 1.9 cm, apice acuto usque brevissime acuminato, basi rotundato usque cuneato, nervi obscurato 4 vel 5. Petiolus ad 1 cm. Stipulae ad 0.3 cm, triangulares, persistentes. Pyrenae obovoideae, 3.2 per 1.7 mm, apice rotundato.</p></p><p>a Hydnophytum petiolatum sed lamina ovata usque obovata, 1.6 per 1 ad 3.8 per 1.9 cm, apice acuto usque brevissime acuminato, basi rotundato usque cuneato, nervi obscurato 4 vel 5. Petiolus ad 1 cm. Stipulae ad 0.3 cm, triangulares, persistentes. Pyrenae obovoideae, 3.2 per 1.7 mm, apice rotundato.</p><p>— Typus: Eyma 4851 (holo BO), New Guinea, Papua Province, Enarro valley,Apr. 1939 .</p><p>Etymology. For the characteristic lakes of the type locality.</p><p>Tuber irregularly globose; 19 by 15 cm to much larger; often pendulous; surface brown, smooth. Entrance holes of two types: lipped and 1–1.5 cm overall; funnel-like to 4 cm across. Stems several, spreading to erect, to 60 by 0.3–0.7 cm; regularly branched, angular in section, internodes 0.5–6 cm, nodes slightly swollen, grey-brown in colour. Lamina ovate to obovate; 1.6 by 1 to 3.8 by 1.9 cm; apex acute to minutely acuminate; base rounded to cuneate; midrib prominent above and below, veins obscure 4 or 5. Petiole 1 cm; stipules triangular, to 0.3 cm, papery, somewhat persistent. Inflorescence sessile, bract-covered, the bracts leathery to 0.5 cm, with dense reddish brown hairs within. Flowers [2] heterostylous. Calyx to 1 mm, with a margin of septate hairs to 1 mm. Corolla tube to 2.5 mm; lobes 1.5 mm; with a ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1.5 mm, exserted from tube; pollen 3-colpate, 49 (48–51) µm, brochi 2–2.5 µm; stigma at level of anthers. Long-styled flowers with anthers within mouth of tube; pollen 3-colpate, 37–42 µm, brochi 1–2 µm; stigma above level of anthers. Fruit ovoid, 6 mm, orange. Pyrenes obovoid, 3.2 by 1.7 mm; apex rounded; base tapering.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — A low-level epiphyte of shady, mossy forest, 400–1770 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). The four locations occur to the north and south of the Weyland Mountain range suggesting it is likely to have a greater distribution. Other information: EOO of 770 km 2 and AOO of 377 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 10 km).</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 12265 (A, BO, FU 2 sheets), Wissel, Dalman, 25 km inland from Nabire; Eyma 4851 (BO), Wissel Lakes,Upper Ennaro Valley and Poeraida ridge, near Enarotali; Eyma 4812 (BO), Eyma 5069 (BO) Wissel Lakes, Cape Weremoeka.</p><p>Note — The minute leaves make these collections similar to several high altitude species found in western New Guinea (group 5); however, the swollen nodes with alveoli densely filled with bract hairs, and the rounded leaves which dry glossy yellow below indicate its affinity with the H. petiolatum complex. Named for the Wissel (Paniai) lake region from where it has been collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC2810EFC895D197EDFF94A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC2810DFC895B4C7C04F7A9.text	03FBBD64FFC2810DFC895B4C7C04F7A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum contortum var. ledermannii (Valeton) Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>f. var. ledermannii (Valeton) Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, stat. nov. — Fig. 14; Map 3</p><p>Basionym: Hydnophytum ledermannii Valeton, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61 (1927) 134. — Type: Ledermann 12925 (B presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, Sepik River. Epitype Valeton drawing (= Fig 14).</p><p>Description ex Valeton.</p><p>Tuber stock pendulous, 0.5 m diam. Stems round. Branches slightly flattened, rugose-furfuraceous, nodes thickened, internodes 2–5 cm long. Leaves shortly petiolate, 0.2–0.3 cm, lamina generally elliptic 45–65–75 by 22–38 mm, subacuminate acute, base generally obtuse or subrotund, leathery, drying reddish olive. Midrib prominent below, obliterated towards apex; nerves c. 8 inconspicuous below, scarcely visible above, erectspreading curved. Inflorescences in prominently swollen nodes, base of leaves almost adnate to deeply immersed in slender young bracts, on the inside completely clothed with long, dense, totally enclosed, brown hairs, exserted at anthesis, opening unknown, probably long-styled. Calyx cupuliform, short 1.5 mm, much longer than disc. Corolla club-like in bud, below the anthers somewhat constricted within, with a swollen annulus, with dense hairs below the apparently sessile anthers, towards the lobes the hairs erect amongst the anthers and equally long, lobes glabrous, tube 2 mm; lobes 1.5 mm; anthers 1.5 mm. Style twice as long as tube *. Fruit red. Pyrenes obovoid 2.5 by 1.5 mm, flattened; apex truncate; base acute; abaxially convex with 2 slight grooves.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — 1500 m.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Sepik Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the type specimen known.</p><p>Note — We have not found the type, or any matching specimen, and the description is taken from Valeton (1927) and manuscript drawings of the flower and pyrene (Leiden MS). The description clearly places this taxon in the H. petiolatum complex, whilst the leaf and pyrene shape isolate it from the other varieties.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC2810DFC895B4C7C04F7A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC1810DFC89596D7E81F7FF.text	03FBBD64FFC1810DFC89596D7E81F7FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum var. nigrescens (Merr. & L. M. Perry) Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>g. var. nigrescens (Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry) Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, stat. nov. — Map 3</p><p>Basionym: Hydnophytum nigrescens Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 26 (1945) 16. — Type: Brass 7171 (lectotype selected here A; iso BM, BRI), Western Province, Papua New Guinea, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction Black River, ridge forests, July 1936.</p><p>Tuber globose. Stems numerous, branching, internodes 1.5–5 by 0.3 cm, nodes swollen; drying black. Leaves strikingly variable in size. Lamina elliptic-obovate, 3.5 by 2 to 8.5 by 4.5 cm, but mostly 4.5 by 2 to 5 by 2.5 cm; apex abruptly acute; base cuneate to attenuate; midrib prominent on both sides; veins 8 or 9. Petiole 0.4–0.7 cm. Inflorescence sunken, with a mass of brown bract hairs; 0.8–1.2 cm across. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, margin irregular, thin, surface furfuraceous. Corolla tube 5 mm; lobes 2 mm; with a ring of hairs at mouth and base of lobes.Anthers 1.3 mm, within mouth of tube; pollen 3-colpate, 54 (51–62) µm, brochi 1 µm; stigma exserted. Fruit unknown. Pyrenes obovoid-oblong, 2.5 by 2 mm; apex truncate, with prominent lateral lobes like short horns, base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Canopy epiphyte of ridge forest, 100 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the type specimen known.</p><p>Note — This variety is similar to the description of var. ledermannii, differing in its longer petiole and the slightly ‘horned’ pyrenes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC1810DFC89596D7E81F7FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC0810CFFD05CC47F52FE76.text	03FBBD64FFC0810CFFD05CC47F52FE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum petiolatum	<div><p>Hydnophytum petiolatum aff.</p><p>Several collections, which appear to fall into the H. petiolatum complex, are not readily assignable to the above variants, and further collections of this complex may result in alterations to our suggested categories:</p><p>Collections: NEW BRITAIN, S5°04' E151°48', Mengen Massif, S/D Pomio, Stevens &amp; Lelean in LAE 58790 (A, BRI, CANB, EDIN, K, L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Province: S7°30' E144°30', Uramu Island, Kikori S/D, Gray &amp; Floyd NGF 8024 (Map 3m) (A, BRI, K, L). – PAPUA PROVINCE, Rouffaer (Tariku) river, Docters van Leeuwen 10300 (BO, L).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC0810CFFD05CC47F52FE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC08103FFD05D987CFDFB40.text	03FBBD64FFC08103FFD05D987CFDFB40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum trichomanes Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>12. Hydnophytum trichomanes Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 15</p><p>Tuber grande. Caules complures, ad 60 cm. Radices ad nodos ramorum enatae. Lamina late lanceolata usque obovata, 11 per 6.5 ad 13 per 9 cm, apice acuto usque acuminato, basi sensim attenuata, coriacea textura; nervi 6 vel 8, irregulares. Petiolus ad 1 cm. Stipulae 1 ad 1.3 cm, triangulares, persistentes, tandem attriti, findentes et inter et intra petiolus. Inflorescentia grandis, binata, obtecti ingenti pulvino pilorum bractealium ad 2 cm in diamtero.Flos non bene cognitus,ad 4 mm; lobi ad 1.5 mm.Pyrenae obovoideae, 5 per 2.5 mm.</p><p>— Typus: Docters van Leeuwen 9566 (holo L; iso A, BO, K), New Guinea, Papua Province, Mamberamo river, Albatross bivak, July 1926 .</p><p>Etymology. For the exceptional pulvinate inflorescence hairs.</p><p>Tuber to 30 cm, surface smooth. Entrance holes scattered, conical 0.1–1 cm diam internally. Cavities large, to 10 cm across.</p><p>Stems several, to 60 by 0.3–1 cm, branching. Internodes 1–9 cm, round in section, with two narrow ridges, ferruginous when young. Roots arising at both sterile and fertile nodes, up to 20 cm in length, becoming branched and ramifying amongst the bract hairs. Lamina broadly lanceolate to obovate, 11 by 6.5 to 13 by 9 cm; apex acute to acuminate; base tapering; leathery in texture; midrib caniculate above, thickening markedly towards the petiole; veins 6–8, irregular, with secondary veins not parallel to more distinct primary veins. Petiole caniculate above, 0.5–1 cm; stipules 1–1.3 cm, triangular, persistent, becoming worn; splitting both inter- and intra-petiolarly. Inflorescence large, paired, obscured by a massive pulvinate cushion of bract hairs to 2 cm across, the flowers arising from an area to 0.6 cm across on the stem. Flowers [1 – undeveloped flower]. Calyx 1 mm, entire. Corolla to 4 mm; lobes triangular to 1.5 mm, a ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Anthers at apex of tube. Pollen 3-porate, 45 µm, brochi &lt;1 µm, pores unbordered, vesicles small. Stigma bifid, above level of anthers. Fruit 6.5 by 3 mm, obovate. Pyrenes obovoid to club-like, to 5 by 2.5 mm, rounded at apex, tapered towards base, abaxially rounded, adaxially flat to concave.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, 100–250 m. Docters van Leeuwen’s notes mention that the freshly collected tuber contained water in its cavities.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with the two localities over 200 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimen examined. Barclay s.n. (K) Japen Island, Jobie.</p><p>Note — The very large cushions of bracts exceed two or three times the diameter of the stem.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC08103FFD05D987CFDFB40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFCF8103FFD059097F9AF7DB.text	03FBBD64FFCF8103FFD059097F9AF7DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum grandifolium Valeton	<div><p>13. Hydnophytum grandifolium Valeton — Fig. 16</p><p>Hydnophytum grandifolium Valeton (1912b) 773. — Type: Gjellerup 226 (lectotype selected here L; iso BO), New Guinea, Papua Province, Jayapura .</p><p>Tuber large. Stems numerous, to 75 cm; thickened, internodes 2.5–10 by 0.4–0.7 cm. Leaves subsessile. Lamina broadelliptic; 12 by 7 to 24 by 16 cm; apex obtuse to subacuminate, base rounded; midrib broadening to base, prominent below, lateral nerves 7–9. Petiole 0–0.2 cm; stipules caducous. Inflorescence a pair, or up to 6 short, axillary peduncles to 1 by 0.4 cm. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, entire. Corolla tube 4 mm, with a band of hairs at mouth, lobes 4 mm, lanceolate. Anthers 3.7 mm, exserted. Stigma 2-fid, at mouth of tube. Fruit ellipsoid, 5.5 by 4.5 mm, red. Pyrenes obovateoblong, 4 by 2.5 mm; apex truncate, notched, with a central acute appendage 1.5 mm long; base truncate.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Epiphytic on Casuarina, 160 m. Tuber ant-inhabited.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the type specimen known.</p><p>Note — Like a very big-leaved H. moseleyanum, but the inflorescences are more numerous, with up to 6 peduncles, and the anthers are much larger. While it is very similar to H. moseleyanum [14] it appears to be sympatric with that species and no intermediate forms have been collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFCF8103FFD059097F9AF7DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFCF8101FC89583B78B7FDFB.text	03FBBD64FFCF8101FC89583B78B7FDFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc.	<div><p>14. Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc. — Fig. 17</p><p>Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc. (1884) 125; (1885) 150, t. 35: 10–14; K.Schum.&amp; Lauterb. (1901) 587; (1905) 401; Valeton (1927) 138. — Type: Moseley s.n. (K), Papua New Guinea, Manus Island, Mar. 1875.</p><p>Hydnophytum loranthifolium (Benth.) Becc. (1884) 124; (1885) 146, t. 33: 8–13. — Lasiostoma loranthifolium Benth. (1843) 224. — Type: Hinds s.n. (K), Papua New Guinea, 1841, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum oblongum (Benth.) Becc.(1884) 124;(1885) 140,t. 33:1–7. — Lasiostoma oblongum Benth. (1843) 225; Valeton (1927) 139. — Type: Barclay s.n. (K), Papua New Guinea, New Ireland, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum papuanum Becc. (1884) 124;(1885) 147,t. 36. — Type: Beccari PP 186 (lectotype selected here FI; iso K), New Guinea, West Papua Province, Sorong, 20 May 1872, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum crassifolium Becc.(1884) 124;(1885) 148,t. 37:6–12. — Type: Beccari s.n. (lectotype selected here FI; iso K), New Guinea, Maluku Province, Aru Island, Giabu-lengan, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum philippinense Becc. (1884) 125; (1885) 149, t. 33: 14–19. — Type: Moseley s.n. (K), Philippines, Zamboanga, Malanipa Island, Jan.- Feb. 1875, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum moseleyanum var. teysmannii Becc.(1885) 151, t. 35:15–20. — Hydnophytum montanum auct. non Blume: Scheff. (1876) 31 p.p. — Type: Teysmann 7510 (lectotype selected here BO; iso K not seen), New Guinea, Papua Province, Humboldt Bay, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum longistylum Becc.(1885) 152,t.38:1–10;K.Schum.&amp; Lauterb. (1901) 587; Valeton (1927) 136. — Type: Guppy 183 (lectotype selected here K; iso FI), Solomon Islands, Faro Island, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum macrophyllum Warb.(1891) 441. — Type: Warburg 21449 (B presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum forbesii Hook.f. (1892) t. 7218; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 15. — Type: Forbes s.n. (K), New Guinea, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum laurifolium Warb. (1894) 209. — Type: Naumann s.n. (B presumed lost), New Guinea, 17 June 1875, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum mindanaense Elmer (1911) 1039,as ‘ mindanaensis’. — Type: Elmer 10974, published as 10874 (lectotype selected here L; iso E, Fl), Philippines, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum agatifolium Valeton (1912b) 774; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 15. — Type: Gjellerup 137 (BO, L), New Guinea, Papua Province, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum robustum Rech. (1912) 186. — Type: Rechinger 3751 (holo W), Papua New Guinea, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum brachycladum Merr. (1915) 142. — Type: Mangubat BS 924 (K, PNH), Philippines, June 1906, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum brassii S.Moore (1927) 271. — Type: Brass 1200 (holo BM not seen; iso A, BRI, K), Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Keuru, 23 Mar. 1926, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum camporum S.Moore (1927) 271. — Type: Brass 605 (holo BM not seen; iso A, BRI), Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Biriatabu, 11 Nov. 1925, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum capitatum Valeton (1927) 129. — Type: Schlechter 16489 (B presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum cuneatum Valeton (1927) 133. — Type: Ledermann 6556 (holo L), Papua New Guinea, Ambunti, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum subfalcifolium Valeton (1927) 141. — Type: Schlechter 14202 (B presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, between Ramu and coast, Feb 1902, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum subrotundum Valeton (1927) 142. — Type: Schlechter 14177 (holo WRSL), Papua New Guinea, between Ramu and coast, Feb 1902, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum stewartii Fosberg (1940) 123; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 18. — Type: Stewart s.n. (A), Solomon Islands, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber globose to bell-shaped, 6 by 5 to 30 by 45 cm; green to silvery-grey in colour, the surface smooth or areolate, occasionally with tubercle-like spines to 0.5 cm in length and 0.2–0.3 cm broad at their base. Entrance holes scattered, of two types: the majority small, lipped or unlipped holes 0.2–0.6 cm across; the remainder larger, funnel-like, 1–3 cm across. Cavities larger and more globose towards centre of tuber, finer, planar and more branched near the surface of the tuber. Cavity walls warted and smooth-walled. Stems numerous, branching, spreading to pendulous; to 1 m in length, 0.5–1.5 cm diam, internodes to 10 cm when sterile, 0.5–4 cm when fertile. Lamina variable in shape, most commonly subrotund-lanceolate, 3.5 by 1.5 to 13 by 7.5 (20 by 6.5) cm, also ranging from narrowly lanceolate (6.5 by 0.5 to 12 by 1.5 cm in H. agatifolium) to circular (6 by 5 cm in H. brassii); apex acute to rounded; base blunt; venation obscure; fleshy and leathery. Petiole 0.2–0.3 cm, rarely to 1 cm, pale green to white in colour, and this colouration characteristically extending as a slender triangle to a third or more of the length of the lamina; stipules triangular, papery, to 0.4 cm, caducous. Inflorescence paired, rarely 4 or 6, tubercle-like peduncles, extending with age and bearing flowers at their apex only; to 3 cm long, and 0.4–0.6 cm diam; bracts minute. Flowers [7] heterostylous. Calyx obovoid-cupuliform, somewhat narrowed at margin, to 1.5 mm. Corolla tube 4–7.5 mm, lobes 2.5–4.5 mm, with a broad ring of hairs within the mouth, and usually over lower half of lobes. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 2 mm, exserted; stigma 2-fid, below anthers, within mouth of corolla tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1.5 mm, scarcely within mouth of tube; stigma exserted. Pollen 3-porate, 47 (43–55) μm diam. Fruit globose, to 6 by 5 mm, with prominent calyx remains. Pyrenes oblong-obovoid, 4.5 by 2.5 mm, abaxial surface with a central groove; apex truncate to notched, and with a flattened, filiform or more rarely inflated, central appendage to 2 mm long; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Common in mangrove swamps and other coastal forests, rarely to 400 m. Tuber nearly always inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines, Indonesia (North Maluku, western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Whilst probably Vulnerable in some parts of its range, this taxon is spread across over 5 000 km with herbarium collections indicating over 50 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 66, EOO c. 4 million km 2.</p><p>Notes — This widespread species has characteristically, fleshy, yellowish green leaves, with a short petiole. On drying they remain thick and leathery. The midrib often dries in a characteristic manner, forming a paler or, more rarely, darkercoloured triangular pattern on the upper surface of the leaf. The notched pyrene with an apical appendage is a characteristic but variable feature of this and the closely related species H. grandifolium [13].</p><p>The great variation in leaf shape, from the narrowly lozenge-shaped leaves of H. agatifolium to the almost perfectly orbicular leaves of H. brassii has lead to an unnecessary proliferation of names. Valeton (MS at L) intended describing a large number of varieties that were never published.</p><p>Some of the foregoing names could be retained as varietal names, however, for the most part it forms a more unified grouping than that of H. petiolatum, and is restricted to coastal forests throughout its range. We had considered retaining a single variety based on H. agatifolium and H. subfalcifolium since these collections do show a correlation of lozenge-shaped leaves, which are frequently falcate also, and a tuber surface with regular short fleshy tubercles. In the end we have decided that such a solitary and somewhat isolated variety provides no benefit to understanding the species as here defined. According to his notes (MS Leiden), Valeton had planned to name the species ‘ H. agathifolium ’ in reference to the leaves resembling those of Agathis spp. ( Araucariaceae) in shape. The altered spelling in the final publication obscures the intended etymology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFCF8101FC89583B78B7FDFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFCD8100FC895EC27FA3F9EB.text	03FBBD64FFCD8100FC895EC27FA3F9EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum alboviride Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>15. Hydnophytum alboviride Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 18</p><p>Hydnophytum alboviride Merr.&amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 21. — Type: Brass 12683 (lectotype selected here A; iso BO, BRI, L), New Guinea, Papua Province, 18 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Feb. 1939 .</p><p>Hydnophytum crassicaule P.Royen (1983) 2672, f. 770. — Type: Lam 1796 (holo L; iso BO), New Guinea, Papua Province, Doorman Top, 29 Oct. 1920, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum vaccinifolium P.Royen (1983) 2668,f. 769. — Type: Lam 1641 (holo L; iso BO), New Guinea, Papua Province, on ridge to Doorman Top, 18 Oct. 1920, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber globose, to 24 by 9 cm, surface smooth. Entrance holes large, funnel-like, often lipped. Cavities all smooth-walled and bulbous-ended. Stems several, to 1 m long; internodes 0.5–4 cm, nodes somewhat thickened; when short, internodes appearing as an imbricated series of small cones. Lamina ovate to subrotund; 0.7 by 0.4 to 1.6 by 0.9 cm; apex acute; base abruptly attenuate to truncate; thick. Petiole 0.1 cm; stipules triangular, 0.2 cm, persistent. Inflorescence paired, sessile; bracts sparse, triangular to 0.3 cm. Flowers [5]?not heterostylous. Calyx ciliate or entire, 2 mm. Corolla greenish white, tube 7–10 mm, glabrous within, lobes 3 mm, unci 1 mm. Anthers to 2 mm, at mouth of tube. Pollen 52–76 μm. Stigma 2-fid, exserted, above anthers or at level of anthers. Fruit red, but otherwise unknown.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Ridge top, mossy forest,2 150–3 250 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known about 55 km apart.</p><p>Note — The thickened stems and ovate leaves characterise this high altitude species. Van Royen recognised two manuscript names of Valeton’s, albeit applying one to a different entity (Valeton’s ‘vaccinifolium’ falls under H. decipiens). Valeton had planned (MS Leiden) to use Lam 1641 as the type for his manuscript name ‘condensatum’. We have reduced both taxa until such time as further collections become available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFCD8100FC895EC27FA3F9EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFCC8107FFD05AEB7CB4FECF.text	03FBBD64FFCC8107FFD05AEB7CB4FECF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum buxifolium Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>16. Hydnophytum buxifolium Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 19</p><p>Hydnophytum buxifolium Merr.&amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 22. — Type: Brass 12681 (A), New Guinea, Papua Province, 18 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Feb. 1939.</p><p>Tuber subglobose, to 10 cm or more across. Entrance holes conical, 0.3–1 cm across. Stems few, branched, to 30 by 0.4 cm; internodes 0.5–1 cm, up to 3 cm when sterile, ± quadrangular. Lamina elliptic-rhomboid; 0.6 by 0.3 to 1.3 by 0.6 cm; apex acute; base tapered; leathery. Petiole 0.1 cm; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescences surrounded by bracts. Flowers [1] not heterostylous. Calyx to 1.5 mm, margin undulate. Corolla tube to 3 mm, lobes 1.5 mm, a ring of hairs within mouth of tube. Anthers exserted, &lt;1 mm in length. Stigma obscurely 2-lobed, at level of anthers. Fruit and pyrenes not known.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — High-level epiphyte in mossy forest, 2 150–2 600 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known about 110 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Mangen 1763 (A, L), S4°25' E139°40', Valentijn Mts, S slopes of main range, trail from base camp to Koruppun village; Mangen 2163 (A, L), S4°17'E139°30',Valentijn Mts trail from Koruppun to Angguruk, ‘Angolagna’ forest camp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFCC8107FFD05AEB7CB4FECF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFCB8107FFD05DCE7EEAFDC6.text	03FBBD64FFCB8107FFD05DCE7EEAFDC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum caminiferum Wistuba, U. Zimm., Gronem. & Marwinski	<div><p>17. Hydnophytum caminiferum Wistuba, U.Zimm., Gronem. &amp; Marwinski — Fig. 20</p><p>Hydnophytum caminiferum Wistuba,U.Zimm., Gronem.&amp; Marwinski (2014) 45. — Type: Wistuba 2014­001 (M not seen) from cultivated material (ex New Guinea,West Papua Province,Manokwari,Anggi Lakes),8 Mar.2014.</p><p>Hydnophytum cecilia Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL), http://bioportal.naturalis.nl/ (accessed 17 Oct. 2017); JSTOR, http:// plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000761975 (accessed 17 Oct. 2017); GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, Checklist Dataset https://doi. org/10.15468/39omei (accessed via GBIF.org on 17 Oct. 2017, https:// www.gbif.org/species/8943207), nom nud.</p><p>Terrestrial shrub. Tuber upright, to 60 cm high, an aggregation of amphora-shaped tubers with upwardly opening cavities each with 1 or 2 entrances. Entrance holes 1–2 cm across; lipped and ± oriented upwards, standing prominently from surrounding tuber surface. Cavities all smooth-walled, new tuber tissue arising as swollen stems which eventually become hollow, opening at their apex; the majority of cavities comprise U-shaped chambers opening by two openings, one opening higher than the other. Stems mostly confined to apex of tuber, but also arising laterally from tuber and on side tubers; solitary to numerous, little branched, straight to zigzagged; to 40 by 0.2–0.4 cm; internodes 0.5–1.5 cm in length. Leaves sessile, clustered at apices, falling by the 5th or 6th node; held upright close to stem. Lamina cordate, 1.3 by 1.1 to 1.6 by 1.3 cm; apex blunt to acute, base cordate; thick, fleshy, margin recurved; white below; midrib prominent below, becoming inconspicuous in upper 1/3, veins c. 5 indistinct. Stipules to 0.15 cm, triangular, persistent. Inflorescences paired swollen tubercles, to 0.5 cm across, a prominent cushion of papery and brown bract hairs to 3 mm in length. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx to 2 mm; margin with a fringe of septate hairs to 2 mm. Corolla white, 14 mm long; tube 10 mm; lobes 4 mm; with four patches of hairs at the mouth of the tube. Anthers dark purplish brown, exserted, 1.5 mm long; filaments 2.5 mm. Pollen 56 μm, 3-colpate, coarse vermiculate reticulation. Stigma 2-lobed, about 1/3rd the way down the corolla tube; style 5–7 mm. Fruit red, to 5 mm. Pyrenes obovoid, 4 by 2 mm; apex rounded; base attenuate.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Terrestrial in open scrub and woodland on quartzite soils surrounding the Anggi Lakes in the Arfak Mountains, between 2 000–2 600 m. The tuber is once reported with ants, but usually the cavities contain rainwater and various arthropods other than ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (West Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Critically Endangered (CR) under criteria B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v). This taxon is terrestrial on the ridge tops around the Anggi lakes, this habitat has a total area of under 10 km 2 and is prone to regular fires. It is inferred that the EOO and AOO of this taxon will decline as well as being degraded. A species of Myrmephytum, M. arfakianum (Becc.) C.R.Huxley &amp; Jebb, is also found as a terrestrial plant on these ridges, but it is also found epiphytically in the surrounding forest, while H. caminiferum is not.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Jebb 890 (BO, K, L, LAE), S1°23' E133°55',ridge between Anggi Gigi and Anggi Gita lakes,Dec.1990; Sleumer &amp; Vink in BW 14216 (L) S1°25'E133°51',Anggi Gigi lakes, Mt Sensenemes, 18 Jan. 1962; Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 14062 (FU), Mt Koebre, Anggi lakes.</p><p>Notes — The tuber of this species is remarkable in form, and unique within the genus. The flask-shaped tuber comprises a number of unconnected, U-shaped cavities, with upward-facing entrance holes 1–2 cm diam. Each cavity has 2 openings, at different heights, rarely, in young plants they may have only a single opening. Cavities are added both apically, apparently through swelling of the stems, and basally, along the lower perimeter of the tuber. The cavities contain trapped rainwater and detritus, but as pointed out by Wistuba et al. (2014) the positioning and structure of the entrance holes does not appear to be efficient at capturing rainfall.</p><p>Three other species of Hydnophytum have small cordate leaves: – H. cordifolium [40] has larger leaves and pedunculate inflorescences; H. orichalcum [46] has linear-cordate leaves; H. ovatum [4] has swollen nodes with a socket-like inflorescence. We had intended to publish this species with the name H. cecilia and the proposed type material (Jebb 890) was distributed under that name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFCB8107FFD05DCE7EEAFDC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFCB8106FC895EC97FF9FCFE.text	03FBBD64FFCB8106FC895EC97FF9FCFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum confertifolium Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>18. Hydnophytum confertifolium Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 21</p><p>Hydnophytum confertifolium Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 17. — Type: Brass 12680 (lectotype selected here A; iso L), New Guinea, Papua Province, Idenburg (Taritatu) river, 18 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Feb. 1939 .</p><p>Tuber small, c. 5–10 cm across. Spines scattered, simple to branched, to 1 cm long. Stems several, densely branched, to 20 by 0.5 cm; internodes short, to 0.1 cm towards stem apices. Leaves clustered at stem apices and recurved along their length and width. Lamina subrotund, 0.3 by 0.2 to 0.5 by 0.4 cm; apex blunt to acute; base truncate to cuneate. Petiole 0.1–0.2 cm; stipules triangular, papery, caducous. Inflorescence a pair of small alveoli, bearing a single flower or fruit. Flowers [1] not heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, margin 4-cuspidate. Corolla tube 7.5 mm, lobes 2 mm, inner surface of lobes with very short papillae, which grade into short hairs at the mouth of the tube; unci to 0.7 mm. Anthers within mouth of tube, to 1 mm. Stigma 2-fid, at same level as anthers. Fruit red, to 6 mm long. Pyrenes hemispherical, 3 by 2 mm; apex rounded; base tapered.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — High-level epiphyte of mossy forest, 2 150–2 600 m.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known about 110 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimen examined: Mangen 2128 (A, L) S4°24' E139°37', Valentijn Mts Trail between Koruppun and Angguruk.</p><p>Note — The tuber spines of the type specimen are unusual for Hydnophytum, a character only shared by the type specimen of H. ramispinum [25], which comes from the same mountain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFCB8106FC895EC97FF9FCFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFCA8105FFD05F1E7C87FE4A.text	03FBBD64FFCA8105FFD05F1E7C87FE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum davisii Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>19. Hydnophytum davisii Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 22</p><p>Tuber oblatum,ad 30 per 20 cm;superficies laevis, cum plurumque aperturis 1 ad 1.3 cm latis et 1 ad 1.5 cm altis, cum mura tenuis. Caules numerosi, ramosi, ex stirpe communi enati, ad 1 m longi; internodia terete. Lamina obovata,2 per 1 ad 4.5 per 1.9 cm, apice rotundato basim sensim attenuata; nervi obscuram; petiolus 0.1 ad 0.2 cm; stipula ad 0.1 cm, caduca. Inflorescentia binata, sessilis, obtecta pulvino pilorum bractealium ad 1 cm in diametro,pili bracteales ad 0.5 cm. Corollae tubus ad 3.5 mm,annulo pilorum ad faucem instructus, lobi 2.8 mm longis.Antherae 1.3 mm, ad faucem exsertae. Stigma bifidum, 2.5 mm. Fructus et pyrenae ignota.</p><p>— Typus: Davis &amp; Mayar 800 (holo K; iso BO, L, MAN), New Guinea, West Papua Province, Kebar valley, 7 May 1995 .</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of Aaron Davis of Kew, collector of the type specimen and Rubiaceae expert.</p><p>Tuber globose, to 30 by 20 cm across; surface smooth, dark brown. Entrance holes throughout, conspicuous, abrupt cylinders 1–1.3 cm across and 1–1.5 cm tall, with thin walls 0.1–0.3 cm thick. Cavities globose, 0.8–4 cm across, all smooth-walled. Stems several, to 1 m long, branched; internodes 1.7–7 by 0.2–0.6 cm, rounded, ultimate internodes furfuraceous. Lamina obovate; 2 by 1 to 4.5 by 1.9 cm; apex rounded, base tapering, ultimately attenuate; midrib prominent below; veins obscured; lathery; pale brown when dry; margin recurved. Petiole 0.1–0.2 cm; stipules triangular, 0.1 cm, caducous. Inflorescence paired, sessile, covered by cushions of bract hairs to 1 cm across. Bract hairs pale brown, to 0.5 cm long. Flowers [1]?heterostylous, iridescent white. Calyx 0.5 mm entire, with adherent bract hairs. Corolla tube 3.5 mm, with a broad ring of hairs at mouth of tube, and exserted to 1 mm long; lobes 2.8 by 1.5, without an uncus, with many raphides. Stamens exserted, filaments 1 mm, anthers 1.3 mm. Style 2.5 mm long; stigma 2-lobed, lobes c. 0.7 mm, immediately below anthers. Fruit and pyrenes unknown.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Stunted ridge top Nothofagus forest, at 1 740 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (West Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the type specimen known.</p><p>Note — The tuber is remarkable for the many cylindrical entrance holes. These are taller and thinner-walled than those of H. reevii [34], and are far more numerous and disposed on a quite dissimilar shaped tuber than H. caminiferum [17]. The collector noted an iridescent quality to the flowers, the corolla of which is rich in raphides.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFCA8105FFD05F1E7C87FE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC98105FFD05E497EABFCEA.text	03FBBD64FFC98105FFD05E497EABFCEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum decipiens Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>20. Hydnophytum decipiens Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 23</p><p>Hydnophytum decipiens Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 20. — Type: Brass 12684 (lectotype selected here A; iso BO, BRI, L), New Guinea, Papua Province, 18 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Feb. 1939 .</p><p>Tuber ? 5–10 cm,spherical;surface smooth. Stems several,weak and pendulous, to 60 cm, much branched. Internodes 0.3–3 by 0.1–0.3 cm, thickest towards apices. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 by 0.6 to 2.5 by 1.1 cm; apex blunt-acute to rounded; base tapered to acuminate. Petiole to 0.2 cm; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescence paired, sessile. Bracts inconspicuous, to 0.1 cm. Flowers [2] heterostylous, club-shaped in bud. Calyx weakly dentate, 2 mm. Corolla tube 3–5.5 mm, glabrous within; lobes with a prominent apiculum at the tip. Short-styled flowers with corolla tube 4 mm, lobes 2 mm, anthers at mouth of tube; pollen 3-porate, 69 (67–75) μm, brochi 1.5 μm; style 2.6 mm. Long-styled flowers with corolla tube 5.5 mm, lobes 1–2 mm, anthers 3/4 way up tube, 1 mm long, sessile; pollen 47 (45–49) μm, style 6 mm, stigma exserted. Fruit 4 mm. Pyrenes ellipsoid, 2.5 by 2 mm; apex rounded with central rounded protuberance and slight abaxial ridge; base cuneate.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mossy forest, 1 420–2 150 m; on branches of large trees. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known about 55 km apart.</p><p>Note — This species is distinguished from H. alboviride [15] by its more elliptic leaves with a rounded apex, more slender stem and various floral characters. We include a Lam specimen from Doorman Top under this species. Valeton had intended to make this specimen, Lam 1475, the type for his manuscript species ‘vaccinifolium’ (auct. non P.Royen). In using this name, however, Van Royen cited Lam 1641 as the type, a specimen we identify with H. alboviride, and which Valeton had intended (MS Leiden) as the type of a further manuscript species ‘condensatum’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC98105FFD05E497EABFCEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFC8813BFFD05CC47FF9FC42.text	03FBBD64FFC8813BFFD05CC47FF9FC42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum kebarense Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>21. Hydnophytum kebarense Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 24</p><p>Tuber complanatum,ad 15 cm in diametro;superficies laevis, aliquot obtusis spinis ad 0.3 cm longis armata. Caules ex compluribus locis in tubere enati, ad 40 cm longi; internodia alata. Lamina obovata, 3 per 1.4 ad 6 per 2.5 cm, apice rotundato usque acuto-acuminato, basi sensim attenuata; nervi c. 4 vel 6 utrinque; petiolus 0.3 ad 0.8 cm; stipula ad 0.1 cm, processu centrali instructa, caduca. Inflorescentia binata, in caule impressa. Corollae tubus ad 2.5 mm, glaber, lobis ad 1.5 mm longis.</p><p>— Typus: Van Royen 5012 (holo L), New Guinea, West Papua Province, Manokwari, Kebar valley, range of hills south of Anjai airstrip, 11 Nov. 1954 .</p><p>Etymology. After the type locality.</p><p>Tuber flattened, to 15 cm across; with transverse lobing surface smooth, grey to dark-grey. Spines few, obtuse, to 0.3 cm long. Entrance holes scattered, largest on lower surface, ± hidden between adjacent lobes of tuber, darker in colour than surrounding tuber surface, neither lipped nor funnel-like. Cavities large and planar with both smooth-walled and warted surfaces. Stems arising from several places on tuber, to 40 cm long; sparsely branched; internodes strongly winged towards apex, to 2.5 by 0.6 cm. Lamina obovate; 3 by 1.4 to 6 by 2.5 cm; apex rounded to acute-acuminate, base tapering; midrib prominent below; veins 4–6 on each side; papery in texture; bright green in colour. Petiole 0.3–0.8 cm; stipules blunt, to 0.1 cm, with a central process, caducous. Inflorescence paired, shallow alveoli somewhat paler than surrounding stem, to 0.5 cm across on herbarium specimen (expanding on drying?). Flowers [1]?heterostylous, borne in small cluster at centre of alveolus. Calyx to 1 mm, entire. Corolla tube to 2.5 mm, glabrous within; lobes to 1.5 mm, with a hooked uncus to 0.5 mm. Anthers exserted from tube, to 1.2 mm; pollen 45 µm, pores prominently lipped, brochi 1–1.5 µm. Stigma 2-fid, within mouth of tube. Fruit to 6 by 3 mm, with prominent calyx remains. Pyrenes ovoid, 2.8 by 1.2 mm; apex acute; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Waterlogged riverine forest, Quercus - Castanopsis forest, 550–840 m. Ants not mentioned in collecting notes, but frass in tuber suggests it is ant-inhabited.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (West Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). The two locations are c. 120 km apart. Other information: AOO 385 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 12 km), EOO 800 km 2.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.Van Royen 6764 (L), Manokwari,Kebar valley, Nettoti, opposite Anjai, 7 Oct. 1961; Ridsdale 2440 (BO, L) S1.14° E132.12°, surroundings of Ayawasi, 2 Apr. 1996.</p><p>Notes — The tuber is lobed and reminiscent of the tubers of both H. acuminicalyx [28] and H. multituberosum [23]. Unlike the foregoing, however, it appears to be composed of transverse lobes, which are interconnected by a central element. The surface appearance suggests that the tubers may be partially buried beneath mosses in life, with roots or short spine-like protuberances on the surface. The cavities form a series of transverse chambers, suggesting that the tuber is composed of repeated cavity units. The prominently winged stem and sunken inflorescences are also characteristic to this species and scarcely matched by other species. Hydnophytum tetrapterum [47] was collected at low altitude, and although it possesses similar wings on its stem, the leaves are different. Hydnophytum davisii [19] also from the Kebar valley has a quite distinct tuber, thicker leaves with obscure venation which dry brown, and the corolla has a ring of hairs, and the corolla lobes lack an uncus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFC8813BFFD05CC47FF9FC42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF7813BFFD058417885FC28.text	03FBBD64FFF7813BFFD058417885FC28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum microphyllum Becc.	<div><p>22. Hydnophytum microphyllum Becc. — Fig. 25</p><p>Hydnophytum microphyllum Becc. (1884) 126; (1885) 174, t. 42: 4–9. — Type: Beccari 5528 (FI), New Guinea, West Papua Province, Sorong, Wa-Samson river, Feb. 1875.</p><p>Tuber globose, small to large; surface smooth or covered by numerous small fleshy papillae c. 1 mm diam and 2 mm tall. Stems numerous, to 23 by 0.1–0.3 cm; branched; slender, woody, cylindrical, pilose in young parts. Internodes 2–4 cm when sterile, 0.4–1 cm when fertile. Nodes swollen, and articulated in appearance. Lamina ovate-subrotund; 0.4 by 0.4 to 1.1 by 1.1 cm; apex acute to blunt; base subcordate, obtuse; margin revolute; veins 4; lower lamina with minute, stellate hairs, upper surface finely pubescent with simple hairs. Petiole very short. Inflorescence sessile. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx to 1 mm, entire. Corolla tube to 2.5 mm, with a band of hairs at mouth; lobes to 1.5 mm, with a hooked uncus to 0.5 mm. Anthers exserted from tube, 0.6 mm. Stigma 2-fid, within mouth of tube. Fruit obpyriform, to 6 by 2.5 mm, with prominent calyx remains to 1 mm. Pyrenes ovoid, 2.5 by 1.3 mm; apex rounded; base cuneate.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Primary rainforest, sea level to 450 m.</p><p>Distribution — New Guinea (West Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with the only two known locations 90 km apart.</p><p>Note — The pubescent leaves were considered to be a unique character, however, recent collections from the Birds Head area by Marcel Polak (Polak 970 &amp; 1152, collected near Ayawasi. deposited at L) have allowed microscopic examination of the hairs illustrated by Beccari. They can be seen to be fungal hyphae of a dermitaceous hyphomycete, probably a Sporidesmium (Howard Fox, pers. comm.). Considering the historic gap between the collections, of over 100 years, this suggests a consistent relationship between the two taxa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF7813BFFD058417885FC28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF7813AFC895FAC7EA8FF40.text	03FBBD64FFF7813AFC895FAC7EA8FF40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum multituberosum Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>23. Hydnophytum multituberosum Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 26</p><p>Tuber initio solitarium, postea cum numerosis subsidiariis sphaeroideis tuberibus 1 ad 5 cm latis crescens. Caules numerosi, ramosi, quadrangulares. Lamina lanceolato-oblonga, 0.9 per 0.5 ad 2 per 0.9 cm, apice rotundo, basi obtusa, brevissime attenuata; petiolus 1 mm. Inflorescentia binati alveoli paucis papyraceis bractearum reliquiis ornati. Flores heterostyli. Calyx late obovoideus, ad 0.7 mm. Corollae tubus 2.5 mm, annulo pilorum ad faucem instructus; lobi rotundat, 1 mm. Antherae 0.6 ad 0.8 mm, intra faucem vel exsertae.Stigma 2-fidum, exsertum vel infra faucem tubi.Fructus globosus, 3.5 per 3 mm;disci reliquiae prominentes. Pyrenae,ovoideae, 2.5 per 1 mm.</p><p>— Typus: Jebb 998 (holo BO; iso K, L), New Guinea, West Papua Province, Waigeo Island, 2 km NE of Go village, 8 Sept. 1992.</p><p>Etymology. The only taxon where the tuber comprises multiple separate parts.</p><p>Tuber initially solitary, irregular in outline, brown; 10–20 cm across; further tubers develop from both stem and roots, each spheroid, 1–5 cm across. Entrance holes small, conical. Stems numerous, branching; internodes 0.6–2 by 0.2 cm, quadrangular. Leaves clustered, upright. Lamina lanceolate-oblong; 0.9 by 0.5 to 2 by 0.9 cm; apex round; base blunt, shortly-attenuate; midrib sunken above ± prominent below; veins 2 or 3, curving towards apex; thick, sclerophyllous. Petiole 0.1 cm; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescence a socket-like depression to 2 mm across, with few, papery bract remains. Flowers [2] heterostylous. Calyx broad-obovoid, to 0.7 mm, thick-edged. Corolla tube 2.5 mm, with a band of short hairs below mouth of tube; lobes rounded, 1 mm. Anthers 0.6–0.8 mm, within mouth or exserted. Pollen 25.6 μm across in long-styled flowers, 35.6 μm in short-styled flowers, brochi c. 1.2–1.5 μm. Stigma 2-fid, exserted, or below mouth of tube. Fruit red, globose, 3.5 by 3 mm, disc remains prominent. Pyrenes ovoid, 2.5 by 1 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Epiphytic in open scrub-like forest on ultrabasic soils, 200–400 m above sea level. Tuber inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — New Guinea (West Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2, only known from Waigeo Island.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.Jebb 1006 (BO,L), Jebb 1007 (L),Waigeo Island, 4 km NE of Waifeo, 9 Sept. 1992.</p><p>Note — The manner in which the tuber grows is remarkable, and unmatched by any other member of the Hydnophytinae . Each tuberlet has an ordered arrangement of several enveloping cavities, each of which opens near the point of attachment to the root.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF7813AFC895FAC7EA8FF40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF68139FC895D447F50FCD5.text	03FBBD64FFF68139FC895D447F50FCD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum pauper Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>24. Hydnophytum pauper Valeton ex Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 27</p><p>Tuber subglobosus parvus. Caulis gracilis pedalis a medio dichotomus ramis laxe parce ramosis. Folia minuta secus ramos numerosa, brevissime petiolata elliptica vel suborbicularia apice acuta vel obtusa,basi cuneata,crasse membranacea, supra rugulosa siccando brunnea costa paullum prominente percursa. Stipulae caducissimae lanceolatae minutae. Flores solitarii in axillis, calyx cupularis 4 denticulatus, corollae tubus ad 0.5 mm, lobi ad 1.5 mm, glabri. Drupa succosa, pyrena laevis obovoidea, apice truncata, fibris coronata.</p><p>— Typus: Lam 1969 (holo L), New Guinea, Papua Province, Mount Doorman Top, 11 Nov. 1920 .</p><p>Etymology. After the somewhat dimunitive specimens (lat.Pauper = poor).</p><p>Tuber spherical, 6–7 cm across; surface smooth or rugose, silvery-grey in colour. Entrance holes large, conical, 0.4–0.8 cm across, with a prominent lip. Stems to 30 by 0.3 cm, sparsely branched; internodes to 3 cm when sterile, to 0.5 cm when fertile. Lamina elliptic to suborbicular, just longer than wide; 0.6 by 0.4 to 0.9 by 0.8 cm; apex acute to obtuse, base tapered to cordate; midrib prominent throughout length of blade. Inflorescence with minute papery bracts &lt;1 mm long. Flowers [2], not heterostylous. Calyx 4-dentate, 1–1.5 mm. Corolla tube 0.5–1.5 mm, lobes 1.5 mm, with or without a dense ring of hairs in the mouth of the tube. Anthers 1 mm at mouth of tube; pollen 3-colpate, 62 (59–73) μm, brochi &lt;1 μm, pores lacking borders. Stigma obscurely 2-lobed, at level of anthers. Fruit light red. Pyrenes obovoid, 2 by 1.5 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Terrestrial or epiphytic, 2 550 m. Apparently housing frogs in the cavities, and also once with Paraperipatus (Lam 1945) .</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known over 250 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimen examined. Eyma 5143 (BO) S3° E136°,Paniai (Wissel Lakes), slopes of Mt Barara.</p><p>Notes — The name and Latin diagnosis were found amongst Valeton’s manuscript material at Leiden. Lam (1945) found the tuber occupied by frogs as well as a new species of velvet worm: Paraperipatus vanheurnii Horst.</p><p>The collection Eyma 5143 is placed here with doubt; the flowers are larger and hairy within, and the leaves and stems are only a tolerable match; possibly it is a distinct taxon. As with other species in this group, collections are few and the present taxonomy must be considered tenuous at best.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF68139FC895D447F50FCD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF58138FC895CC47FCFFD0A.text	03FBBD64FFF58138FC895CC47FCFFD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum ramispinum Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>25. Hydnophytum ramispinum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 28; Map 4</p><p>Hydnophytum ramispinum Merr.&amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 22. — Type: Brass 12858 (lectotype selected here A; iso L), Papua Province, Idenburg River, 6 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, Feb. 1939 .</p><p>Tuber spherical to cylindrical-ellipsoid, to 28 by 8 cm; smooth, or with irregularly branched spines. Stems several, pendent to upcurved, to 40 cm or more. Internodes (0.5–)1–5 by 0.1–0.4 cm. Leaves scattered, spreading. Lamina narrow linear, linear oblong to linear-ovate, and then broadest at 1/3 length; 1.1 by 0.2 to 5 by 1.4 (4 by 0.15) cm. Inflorescences paired, sessile. Flowers [7] heterostylous. Calyx 1 mm, entire or with a ciliate margin. Corolla tube 1.5 mm, with a ring of hairs towards the mouth, lobes 1–1.5 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 0.8 mm, exserted from tube; pollen 3-porate, 46 μm, brochi 1 μm; stigma not lobed, at level of anthers. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 0.5 mm, at mouth of tube; pollen 42 μm, brochi 1 μm; stigma 2-lobed, exserted above anthers. Fruit and pyrenes unknown.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, 100–1 420 m. Tuber with or without ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province) and Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Conservation status — Near Threatened (NT). Whilst probably Vulnerable in some parts of its range, this taxon is widespread across much of the north coast of New Guinea with herbarium collections indicating 5 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 10, AOO 12 500 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), EOO c. 44 000 km 2.</p><p>Notes — This species is characterised by its narrow linear-ovate leaves. The type is unusual for Hydnophytum in that it possesses stiff, branched spines, a feature found in only one other species ( H. confertifolium [18]). Although the remaining collections all lack spines, the leaf shape and flower characters are constant.</p><p>The Docters van Leeuwen collections (9980, 10279 &amp; 10359) come from low altitudes in the Rouffaer (Tariku) river valley (175 m), whilst the remainder are from 1 000–1 400 m. These collections differ in their ciliate-margined calyx.</p><p>Hydnophytum valetonii [26] which is found on the southern side of the central Papua Province highlands, differs in its dimorphic leaves, these being smaller on the side branches than on the main stem. Leaf outlines of the two species are mapped.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF58138FC895CC47FCFFD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF4813FFFD05E897F78FEA7.text	03FBBD64FFF4813FFFD05E897F78FEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum valetonii Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>26. Hydnophytum valetonii Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 29; Map 4</p><p>Tuber parvum . Caules complures. Caulibus biniati (raro usque quaterni) tenues surculi laterales ad nodum quemque enati; caules primarii ad 3 mm crassi, quadrangulares, internodia 0.5 ad 2 cm; surculi laterales ad 1 mm crassi, quadrangulares,internodia 0.1 ad 0.8 cm, nodi prominentes tumores ad 1.5 mm latas formantes; surculi laterales longitudine crescente bifurcati. Folia fasciculata ut videtur in surculis lateralibus, recurva. Lamina in surculo primario cordata usque ovata, subtendens surculum lateralem, 1.1 per 0.3 ad 1.6 per 0.5 cm; lamina in surculis lateralibus elliptica usque orbicularis, 0.3 per 0.15 ad 0.9 per 0.2 cm. Inflorescentiae solum in surculis lateralibus gestae,sessiles,binatae.Flores ad 3 mm,lobi 1 mm.Pyrenae obovoidea,ad 3.5 per 2.5 mm.</p><p>— Typus: Pulle 513 (holo L L0000509; iso BO, L L0000507, L0000508), New Guinea, Papua Province, Mt Perameles, 1 Dec. 1912 .</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of Theodore Valeton (1855–1929) author of numerous Hydnophytum names.</p><p>Tuber small, 10 cm, spherical, irregular. Entrance holes conical, 0.5–1 cm across. Stems ascending to pendulous, several to 50 cm long, with paired, rarely up to 4, slender side shoots at each node; main stems to 3 mm thick, quadrangular, internodes 0.5–2 cm, side shoots to 1 mm thick, quadrangular, internodes 0.1–0.8 cm, nodes prominent swellings to 1.5 mm across, side shoots bifurcating with length. Leaves appearing to be clustered on side shoots, recurved. Lamina cordate to ovate on main shoot, subtending side shoot, 1.1 by 0.3 to 1.6 by 0.5 cm; elliptical to orbicular on side shoots 0.3 by 0.15 to 0.9 by 0.2 cm; dark glossy green above, pale below, stiff. Petiole short to absent, to 0.1 cm; stipules rounded with an apical apiculum, to 0.08 cm, caducous. Inflorescences confined to side shoots, sessile, paired. Flowers [2]?heterostylous. Calyx 1 mm, minutely 4-dentate. Corolla tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes 1 mm, with a short uncus at tip, and a narrow ring of hairs in tube. Anthers 0.7 mm, at mouth of tube, sessile or on 1 mm filaments. Pollen 3-porate, 44 (35–50) µm, brochi 1–1.5 µm. Stigma, bifid, immediately below anthers. Fruit glossy red, to 12 by 9 mm, calyx remains prominent. Pyrenes obovoid, to 3.5 by 2.5 mm; apex and base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mossy forest,once on nutrient-poor soil, 900–1 070 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants, recorded with spiders.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). The four known localities indicate 4 subpopulations within 400 km of one another. Other information: AOO 6 200 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 40 km), EOO 4 900 km 2.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Kloss s.n. (BM, K), Utakwa expedition to Mt Carstenz; Jebb 121 ( LAE), S4°30' E139°15' near Holuwon, 60 km SE of Wamena; Versteeg 1644 (BO), Mimika, Resi Mts.</p><p>Note — The apparent dimorphy of leaves, and the quadrangular main stem with long internodes and short, muchcontracted side shoots are characteristic of this species. It appears to represent a southern entity to the H. ramispinum complex which is restricted to the northern slopes of the Papua Province highlands. Valeton had planned to make Pulle 513 the type for his manuscript name ‘minutifolium’, we have preferred not to adopt this somewhat confusing name because of the number of small-leaved species in the West Papua highlands, and instead have named the species in honour of Theodore Valeton (1855–1929) for his taxonomic work on the ant-plants, unfortunately curtailed by his premature death. Leaf outlines of this species and H. ramispinum [25] are mapped.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF4813FFFD05E897F78FEA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF3813FFFD05D27799DFE9E.text	03FBBD64FFF3813FFFD05D27799DFE9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum vitis-idaea Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>27. Hydnophytum vitis-idaea Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 30</p><p>Hydnophytum vitis­idaea Merr.&amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 21. — Type: Brass 12046 (lectotype selected here A; iso BM, BRI, K, L), New Guinea, Papua Province, 15 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Jan. 1939 .</p><p>Tuber globose, smooth, to 15 cm diam. Entrance holes conical 0.4–0.6 cm diam. Stems several, branching, to 45 cm long. Internodes rounded to angular, to 5 by 0.4 cm when sterile, 0.3–0.8 by 0.1–0.2 cm towards apices. Leaves scattered. Lamina broadly elliptic to orbicular; 0.3 by 0.2 to 1 by 0.5 cm; apex rounded, base tapered to obtuse; thick, recurved when dry, drying glossy below, wrinkled above, venation obscure. Petiole 0.05–0.1 cm; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescences paired, sessile. Flowers [2] heterostylous. Calyx 4-dentate, to 2 mm. Corolla tube to 7 mm, with a narrow band of hairs below mouth of tube or glabrous; lobes 3 mm; uncus &lt;1 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers exserted, to 1.5 mm on 1 mm filaments; pollen 3-colpate, 84 μm, brochi 3 μm; stigma at level of anthers, not lobed. Long-styled flowers with anthers within tube at level of hairs, stigma exserted 2-lobed. Fruit to 4 mm, pink. Pyrenes oblong-obovoid, 2.5 by 1.5 mm; apex truncate; base tapered.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mossy forest, 1 770–1 800 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known about 300 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimen examined. Eyma 5069A (BO), Papua Province, Wissel lakes, Cape Weremoeka.</p><p>Note — The loose spreading branches and relatively large flowers characterise this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF3813FFFD05D27799DFE9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF3813EFC895DE57EECF9FC.text	03FBBD64FFF3813EFC895DE57EECF9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum acuminicalyx Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>28. Hydnophytum acuminicalyx Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 31; Map 5</p><p>Tuber amplectens, complanatum, circulare usque oblongum ambitu, iocineriforme,lobis distinctis,saepe profunde divisis,rotundatis circum marginem ornatum, rotundatis circum marginem ornatum, ad 30 cm in diametro. Aperturae supra omnino nullae, solum in pagina substrata tuberis, ad 2 cm in diametro.Caules numerosi,ramosi,ex stirpe communi enati,in centro tuberis. Folia subsessilia. Lamina obovata,2 per 1.1 cm sed varia magnitudine,apice acuto, basi cuneata usque sensim attenuata. Inflorescentia binata, sessilis usque breviter pedunculata, instructa bracteis minutis,papyraceis, sed plurimis reliquiis calycum fasciculum distinctum ad nodum quemque formantibus. Calyx 2 mm, irregulariter 4-acumino-dentatus. Flores heterostyli. Corollae tubus 4.5 mm, annulo brevium pilorum ad faucem instructus, lobi 2–3 mm. Pyrenae oblongo-ovoideae, 3.4 per 1.8 mm.</p><p>— Typus: Jebb 327 (holo LAE; iso A, BRI, CANB, K, L, UPNG), Papua New Guinea, Lufa subdistrict, Frigano Timber Lease, Habu River, S6°28' E145°26', 11 May 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. For the prominent and persistent calyx remains with their 4 sharp teeth.</p><p>Tuber clasping, flattened, circular to oblong in outline, livershaped, with distinct, often deeply divided, rounded lobes around edge, to 8 by 30 cm; silvery to grey-brown, reddish brown underneath, matt, roughened by minute grooves, sometimes becoming lichen-encrusted, barely corrugated towards edge of lobes and at common stem stock, otherwise smooth and gently undulating. Entrance holes to 2 cm diam, confined to substrate side of tuber only. Cavities numerous, not interconnected, planar to digitate, clasping, warted in their extremities. Flesh white. Roots largely confined to edge of substrate surface. Stems numerous, branching; arising from a common stock at centre of the tuber; to 60 cm long, 0.3–1 cm diam; upcurving, silvery-brown, often lichen-encrusted. Longer shoots with numerous short branches. Internodes on main shoots 0.5–5 cm in length, on secondary shoots 0.1–0.6 cm. Leaves subsessile, clustered at apex, held erect, curving outwards. Lamina obovate, 0.3 by 0.2 to 3.5 by 1.7 cm (most often c. 2.0 by 1.1 cm); apex acute; base cuneate to tapering; fleshy, dark green above, paler below, midrib white, nerves obscure c. 4–6. Petiole 0–0.2 cm, white, rounded; stipules membraneous, blunt, 0.1 cm. Inflorescence paired, sessile to shortly pedunculate, bracts minute papery, often bearing numerous calyx remains (fruit apparently not always produced) forming a distinctive cluster at each node. Flowers [7] heterostylous, lobes apiculate in budCalyx 2 mm, irregularly 4 acumino-dentate, 2 longer than others (1 and 0.4 mm, respectively). Corolla white to yellow-green; tube 4.5 mm, lobes 2–3 mm, a ring of short hairs at mouth of tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers c. 1 mm long, exserted on 1 mm filaments; pollen 60–75 μm, pores 12–14 μm, brochi &lt;1 μm; stigma 2-lobed, at or below level of mouth. Long-styled flowers with anthers 0.6 mm, below level of mouth; pollen 40–50 μm; stigma with 2 papillose lobes c. 1.5 mm long, exserted. Fruit ovoid, to 6 mm overall, crowned by persistent calyx; red, calyx green. Pyrenes oblong-ovoid, 3.4 by 1.8 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mid-level epiphyte in closed forest, 2 000–2 400 m; often in large numbers in a single tree. Invariably inhabited by a large form of the aggregate ant species Anonychomyrma scrutator .</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Critically Endangered (CR) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). The collections indicate just a single location. Other information: AOO 8 km 2 (based on a cell width of 2 km).</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Streimann &amp; Kairo NGF 45256 (A, BRI, CANB, K, L, LAE), Eastern Highlands Province: S6°25' E145°22' Lufa subdistrict, Frigano Timber Lease; Jebb 316 ( LAE), Jebb 317 ( LAE), Jebb 318 (BO, CANB, LAE, UPNG), Jebb 319 (BULOLO), Jebb 320 ( LAE), Jebb 321 (FHO), Jebb 322 (BRI, K, LAE), Jebb 323 ( LAE), Jebb 324 (L, LAE), Jebb 325 (BISH), Jebb 326 (SUVA), S6°27' E145°26' Lufa subdistrict, Frigano Timber Lease.</p><p>Note — The laterally growing tuber of this species, with its smooth, pale to dark-brown, unbroken upper surface, and the prominent and persistent 4-dentate calyces clustered in the axils are unique.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF3813EFC895DE57EECF9FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF2813DFC895A1F7EDCFAE0.text	03FBBD64FFF2813DFC895A1F7EDCFAE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum dauloense Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>29. Hydnophytum dauloense Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 32; Map 5</p><p>Tuber irregulariter globosum.Aperturae duo generum, vel grandes infundibuliformes vel parvae et conicae. Caules numerosi,ex stirpe communi enati, libere ramosi. Lamina lanceolata,latissima infra medium, 2.2 per 0.9 ad 7 per 3 cm; apex longe accuminatus, ultimo rotundatus; basis abrupte angustata. Petiolus 1–5 mm. Inflorescentia sessilis, binata. Calyx ad 1.5 mm, margine integro. Corolla alba vel flavida apice dilute viridi; tubus ad 5 mm, basi ventricosus, angustatus ad faucem, qua annulo pilorum ornatus est; lobi ad 2.5 mm.Antherae exsertae,&lt;1 mm. Stigma multifidum, pari libra ad altitudinem antherarum. Pyrenae hemisphericae, ad 3 per 1.6 mm, apice acuto, basi rotundata.</p><p>— Typus: Jebb 338 (holo LAE; iso A, BRI, CANB, K, L), Papua New Guinea, Chimbu Province, Mt Elimbari, 14 May 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. After the Daulo Pass, where the species is common.</p><p>Tuber irregularly globose with rounded lobes; to 30 by 25 cm. Entrance holes of two kinds, large and funnel-like or small and conical. Flesh white, firm. Cavity walls unwarted. Stems numerous; to 100 by 0.3–0.6 cm; arising from a common stock; branching freely, ascending to upcurved. Internodes to 10 cm or more when sterile, 0.3–3 cm when fertile, with 2 prominent, rounded ridges running from below stipule. Leaves loosely clustered. Lamina lanceolate, widest below middle; 2.2 by 0.9 to 7 by 3 cm; apex long acuminate, ultimately rounded; base abruptly attenuate; midrib prominent; glossy dark green above pale below, drying grey /purplish /brown; margin recurved, strongly so when dry. Petioles 0.1–0.5 cm; stipules triangular, white, to 0.4 cm. Inflorescence sessile, paired. Flowers [3]?not heterostylous. Calyx to 1.5 mm above level of disc; margin entire. Corolla white or yellowish with a faintly green tip. Corolla tube to 5 mm, ventricose at base, narrowing to mouth, and with a ring of hairs there; lobes to 2.5 mm, uncus &lt;1 mm, fully reflexed in open flower. Anthers exserted, &lt;1 mm, filaments to 1 mm, closely appressed to one another. Pollen 51–60 μm, walls 2.5–3 μm thick, brochi 1 μm, pores 15–18 μm, vesicles small. Stigma multi-fid, at level of anthers. Fruit ovoid to 5 by 3 mm, red. Pyrenes to 3 by 1.6 mm, more or less hemispherical; apex acute; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Low to high-level epiphyte in montane forest, 2 400–2 800 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants, but collecting rainwater and occupied by a range of invertebrates including cockroaches, centipedes, spiders and on Mt Elimbari the arboreal frog Cophixalus riparius .</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands and Chimbu Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). The five known localities occurring in one of the most densely populated regions of the Papua New Guinea highlands. Whilst the strict EOO covers some 340 km 2, the actual remaining habitat is a fraction of this. Other information: AOO 28 km 2 (2 × 2 (using a cell width of 2 km)), using an auto-value grid size is likely to be erroneous given the restricted habitat area.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Kerenga &amp; Baker LAE 56924 (K,L, LAE), Eastern Highlands,S5°90'E144°05', NE of Kamus village; Grubb &amp; Edwards 206 (CGE, L, LAE), S6°00' E145°11', near (W of) Fatima river, Marafunga Sawmill, Goroka subdistrict; Cruttwell s.n. 1980 ( LAE), S6°00' E145°25', Mt Gahavisuka National Park, c. 10 km NW of Goroka; C.R.Huxley &amp; Worthing UPNG 3457 (UPNG) S6°02' E145°13', Daulo Pass, Goroka side; Philipson 3529 (L), summit of Daulo Pass; Cruttwell in UPNG 5945 (× 3), Daulo Pass; Pullen 457 (A, CANB, L), S6°03' E145°13', Asaro-Mairifutica divide, S of Daulo Camp; Jebb 333 (A, BISH, K, L), Jebb 334 (BRI, CANB), Jebb 335 ( LAE), Jebb 336 ( LAE), Jebb 337 (L, SUVA), Jebb 339 (BRI, CANB, K, L, LAE), Jebb 340 (A, L, LAE), Chimbu Province, S6°11' E145°09', NE side of Mt Elimbari, 2 km S of pass on road from Nambaiyufa to Chuave.</p><p>Note — This species has a characteristic ovate leaf that is broadest below the middle and tapers to a slender, ultimately rounded, acuminate apex. The leaves approach those of H. terrestris [35], which is distinguished by its large bracts and distinct tuber anatomy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF2813DFC895A1F7EDCFAE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF1813CFC8959E37833FA28.text	03FBBD64FFF1813CFC8959E37833FA28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum fusiforme Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>30. Hydnophytum fusiforme Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 33; Map 5</p><p>Tuber initio fusiforme, aetate procedente apice grandescens; superficie grisea, spinis tenuibus, flexibilibus armatum. Aperturae duo generum, vel infundibuliformes vel parvae et conicae. Caules numerosi, ramosi, ex variis locis in apice tubere enati. Lamina parva, ovata usque elliptica, 0.6 per 0.25 ad 1.2 per 0.5 cm, apice obtuso usque acuto,basi sensim attenuata.Petiolus brevissimus. Stipulae triangulares, ad 0.5 mm, satis persistentes. Inflorescentia binata, sessilis. Calyx 4-dentatis, ad 2 mm. Corollae tubus ad 2 mm, glabrum; lobi ad 2 mm.Antherae ad 1.5 mm. Stigma bifidum, pari libra cum antheris.Fructus et pyrenae ignota.</p><p>— Typus: Lloyd Hamilton in UPNG 3482 (holo UPNG; iso LAE), Papua New Guinea,West Sepik Province, Nong river .</p><p>Etymology. For the fusiform shape of the tuber in young plants.</p><p>Tuber fusiform, initially narrowly cylindrical, to 1 cm diam, becoming larger at apex with age, to 25 by 12 (30 by 30) cm, pale brown to grey. Spines slender, finely tapering and flexible, to 0.5 cm. Entrance holes of two kinds, funnel-like to 2 cm across, or small and conical to 0.2 cm internally. Cavities few, large, to 15 cm across, bulbous, smooth-walled. Stems numerous, branching, arising from various places on tuber, usually short, some to 40 cm, erect to pendulous. Internodes of main stems to 5 by 0.3 cm; those of side shoots 0.1–1.5 by 0.1–0.2 cm, nodes swollen, with a marked petiole base articulation, and a minute ridge running from below stipule. Leaves erect, recurved, clustered at apex, and often obscuring such. Lamina ovate to elliptic; 0.6 by 0.25 to 1.2 by 0.5 cm; apex blunt to acute; base tapering; dark glossy green. Petiole very short; stipules triangular, to 0.5 mm, with a hooked central process c. 0.03 cm long; somewhat persistent, though often partly detached. Inflorescence paired, sessile. Flowers [2] not heterostylous. Calyx 4-dentate, to 2 mm. Corolla tube to 2 mm, glabrous within; lobes to 2 mm, uncus to 1.5 mm. Anthers to 1.5 mm. Pollen to 75 μm, thin-walled (c. 1 μm), brochi 1.5–2.5 μm. Stigma slender, bifid, at level of anthers. Fruit and pyrenes unknown.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mossy forest, 2 000–2 400 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands and West Sepik Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). The three known localities indicate only 2 subpopulations some 400 km distant from one another. Whilst the strict EOO covers some 820 km 2, the potential habitat is far greater. Other information:AOO 2 280 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 34 km).</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Jebb 271 ( LAE), Jebb 272 ( LAE), Jebb 293 ( LAE), Jebb 294 ( LAE),Southern Highlands Province, S6°07'E143°57', SE of Mt Giluwe,above Onin,‘Beechwoods No. 2’logging track; UPNG 3483 ( LAE, UPNG), UPNG 3484 (UPNG), UPNG 3485 (UPNG), UPNG 3486 ( LAE, UPNG), West Sepik Province, Nong river.</p><p>Note — Small specimens of this taxa have their tubers entirely buried in cushions of moss. Young tubers are narrow and fusiform in shape, later they develop a broad, blunt apical region, with stems arising from several positions. No in situ observations have been made (collections from felled trees only), but the tuber probably grows in a manner to retain its stems at the surface of the growing moss layer. Fine roots develop over the whole tuber surface, becoming short and spine-like on exposed surfaces. Some stems may grow to 30–40 cm, bearing many short side shoots. In Papua New Guinea the minute leaves readily distinguish it from all other Hydnophytum species, it differs from H. vitis -idaea [27] in its much shorter flowers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF1813CFC8959E37833FA28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF08133FC8959A7799BFA47.text	03FBBD64FFF08133FC8959A7799BFA47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum hailans Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>31. Hydnophytum hailans Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 34; Map 5</p><p>Tuber irregulariter globosum, superficie laevi. Aperturae dispersae, duo generum, pleraeque labrosae, ad 0.5 cm in diametro, pauciores infundibuliformes, ad 2 cm in diametro. Caules pauci, parce ramosi, quadrangulares. Lamina ovata, 2.1 per 1.6 (1.5 per 1) ad 4 per 3 cm, apice obtuso usque acuto, basi rotundata usque cordata. Petiolus 0–0.2 cm. Inflorescentia sessilis; bracteis obtecta, quae bracteae papyraceae, ad 0.8 cm, triangulares. Calyx 2 mm,margine 4 vel 5 dentato. Corollae tubus 2.5 mm, annulo pilorum ad faucem instructus. Lobi 1.5 mm. Antherae exsertae, ad 1.3 mm. Stigma 2-lobatum, pari libra ad altitudinem antherarum. Pyrenae obovoideae, 3.5 per 2.5 mm,apice rotundato-acuto,basi sensim attenuata.</p><p>— Typus: Huxley &amp; Turton in UPNG 5919c (holo LAE; iso A, BRI, CANB, K, L, UPNG), Papua New Guinea, S5°57' E143°51', Southern Highlands Province, foothills of Mt Giluwe on Mendi-Hagen Road .</p><p>Etymology The lingua franca of the Papua New Guinea highlands region is Melanesian Pidgin, and ‘Hailans’ is the pidgin name for that region.</p><p>Tuber irregularly globose, to 20 cm diam, surface smooth, brown; roots numerous, short, throughout surface. Entrance holes of two kinds: some prominently rimmed, 0.2–0.5 cm internally; others funnel-like, to 2 cm daim, scattered throughout surface. Cavities 1–7 cm across, largest towards centre of tuber. Tuber tissue buff in colour. Stems few, upcurving, spreading, occasionally branching to 60+ cm; internodes 0.5–4 by 0.2–0.4 cm, 4-angled; nodes swollen. Leaves spreading. Lamina ovate; (1.5 by 1) 2.1 by 1.6 to 4 by 3 cm; apex blunt to acute, base rounded to cordate; mid-green above, pale below; leathery; midrib prominent above and below; veins 5–7. Petiole 0–0.2 cm; stipules to 0.6 cm, rounded to triangular, with a prominent central appendage, persistent. Inflorescence paired, sessile, bract-covered, bracts triangular, to 0.8 cm, papery. Flowers [2]?not heterostylous. Calyx 2 mm, margin 4 or 5 dentate. Corolla tube 2.5 mm, with a ring of hairs at mouth; lobes with a minute crest at tip,1.5 mm.Anthers exserted, 1.3 mm. Pollen 55 (53–57) µm,colporate,brochi &lt;1 µm across.Stigma 2-lobed,at same level as anthers. Fruit ovoid, to 5 mm, with prominent calyx remains; orange-red. Pyrenes obovoid, 3.5 by 2.5 mm; apex rounded-acute; base tapering.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, 2 000–2 700 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands to Morobe).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). Two main populations exist, one in the central highlands and one in Morobe Province with a geographical spread of 470 km. Whilst the strict EOO covers some 18 000 km 2, the actual habitat is a fraction of this. Other information: AOO 40 km 2 (2 × 2 km squares) or 14 400 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 42 km).</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Jebb 597 &amp; 598 ( LAE), Western Highlands Province, S5°30' E144°12', Jimmi divide,on road from Baiyer River to the Jimmi Valley; Ash in UPNG 3469 (UPNG), Southern Highlands Province, S6°10'E143°57',Onin,SE of MtGiluwe, Ialibu subprovince; Jebb 287, 291 &amp; 292 ( LAE), SE of Mt Giluwe, on logging track above Onin; Jebb 591 ( LAE), S6°11' E143°54’, Beechwoods logging track c. 8 km after Onin, S of Mt Giluwe, off Mt Hagen to Mendi road; Jebb 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578 &amp; 579 ( LAE), Morobe Province, Aseki divide, beside road from Bulolo to Aseki; Huxley in UPNG 3453 (UPNG), Wau, near Eddie Creek turning, Mt Kaindi summit road; Jebb 26 ( LAE), Wau, Mt Kaindi summit road; HÖft 3612 (L, LAE), Mt Kolorong Wildlife Conservation Area, Kuper Range.</p><p>Note — A somewhat nondescript species that can be distinguished by its rounded leaves with prominent midrib above and below that often dries to a pinkish tinge. The tuber is irregular, and the stems are often distorted.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF08133FC8959A7799BFA47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFFF8132FC895A46798DFD56.text	03FBBD64FFFF8132FC895A46798DFD56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum mayuense Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>32. Hydnophytum mayuense Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 35; Map 5</p><p>Tuber complanatum;superficies laevis,aperturis elevatis.Caules complures, rotundati. Lamina ovata,3.6 per 2.1 ad 6 per 3.9 cm, apice acuto,basi sensim attenuata. Petiolus 0.7 cm. Inflorescentia sessilis, bracteis obtecta; quae bracteae densae, triangulares, papyraceae, ad 0.8 cm, siccando brunneae, caulem ad nodos fertiles obtegentes. Calyx integer,ad 1 mm. Corollae tubus ad 5.5 mm, lobis 2.5 mm, annulo pilorum ad faucem instructus. Antherae exsertae, 1 mm, filamenta ad 1 mm. Pyrenae obovoideae, 3.5 per 2 mm, apice rotundato, basi angulari cuneatae, tum abrupte truncatus.</p><p>— Typus: Stevens in LAE 55653 (holo L; iso A, BRI, CANB, K, LAE), Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Scarp of Tantam Plateau overlooking Mayu River, 18 July 1972 .</p><p>Etymology. For the type locality.</p><p>Tuber flattened, to 20 cm across, surface smooth with slightly raised entrance holes. Stems several, spreading, to 40 by 0.5 cm; internodes 1–5 cm. Lamina ovate; 3.6 by 2.1 to 6 by 3.9 cm; apex acute, base tapering; midrib prominent below, less so above; veins 5 or 6; dark shiny green above, pale below. Petiole 0.7 cm; stipules to 0.2 cm, triangular to rounded, caducous. Inflorescence sessile, bract-covered, these dense, triangular, papery to 0.8 cm, drying brown, obscuring stem at fertile nodes. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx entire, to 1 mm. Corolla tube to 5.5 mm, lobes 2.5 mm; with a ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Anthers to 1 mm; exserted, filament to 1 mm. Stigma missing, but apparently below corolla mouth. Fruit spherical, red, to 5 mm, with prominent calyx remains. Pyrenes obovoid, 3.5 by 2 mm; apex rounded; base angular, cuneate then abruptly truncate.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, 2 010 m. Occasionally ant-occupied (P. Stevens notes).</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Morobe, Milne Bay and Northern Provinces).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only two locations known almost 400 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. HÖft 2822 (L) Morobe Province, Mt Kolorong Wildlife Conservation Area, Kuper Range.</p><p>Note — Resembles S. vanuatuensis [55], but has petiolate leaves, and more robust bracts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFFF8132FC895A46798DFD56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFFE8131FC895F767E53FE4A.text	03FBBD64FFFE8131FC895F767E53FE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum myrtifolium Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>33. Hydnophytum myrtifolium Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 36; Map 5</p><p>Hydnophytum myrtifolium Merr.&amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 19. — Type: Brass 4093 (lectotype selected here A; iso BO, BRI, K, L), Papua New Guinea, Central Province, Mt Tafa, May 1933 .</p><p>Tuber irregularly subglobose to fusiform, 25 by 30 cm, sunken in moss-cushions or pendent by one to few roots to 1 m or more, surface smooth to rough, occasionally areolate, reddish brown. Entrance holes of two types: small and conical, 0.3–1 cm across; large funnel-shaped, 2–8 cm diam. Cavities of two types: large, spiral-shaped and blind-ended 2–9 cm across; or narrow, tubular, and much branched tunnels 0.1–0.5 cm across; all smooth-walled, occasionally with internally produced roots. Tuber tissue white. Stems one to many, arising from a woody stock, branching, to 1 m or more, 0.2–0.8 cm diam; pendent to upcurving. Internodes 0.5–6 cm, nodes angular, with prominent ridges decurrent from stipules. Bark grey-brown, smooth, drying ridged. Lamina elliptic to ovate, usually widest at middle; 1.4 by 0.7 to 3 by 1.7 cm; apex acute to blunt; base attenuate; gently recurved along their length; midrib prominent below, sunken above, pale green; margin recurved; stiff, leathery; dark, glossy green above, pale, dull below. Petiole short or absent, to 0.5 cm; stipules green-brown, persistent, to 0.3 cm, with central spur to 0.1 cm. Inflorescence paired, virtually sessile near stem apex, becoming shortly pedunculate with age; bracts small, papery. Flowers [5] heterostylous, club-shaped in bud. Calyx to 2.5 mm, entire to slightly dentate, much longer than disc. Corolla tube to 10 mm; lobes 4.5 by 2.5 mm, apiculate; with a dense ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1.8 mm, exserted; pollen 43–49 μm, wall c. 3.75 μm, brochi 1.5–2 μm, pores small; stigma 2-lobed, lobes to 2.5 mm, c. 1/2 way down corolla tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1.6 mm; immediately within mouth of corolla tube; pollen 49–59 μm; stigma exserted, with lobes to 1 mm. Fruit ellipsoid, to 5 by 3.5 mm; red, with a prominent orange calyx. Pyrenes hemispherical, 3 by 2.3 mm; apex and base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — An epiphyte of mossy forest, from 2 000–2 900 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants, but usually containing rainwater, cockroaches, myriopods and sometimes arboreal frogs and their eggs.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Morobe,Central and Northern Provinces).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). This taxon has a geographical spread of 250 km along the Owen Stanley range. Other information: georeferenced collections 12, EOO c. 10 000 km 2, AOO 5 790 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 27 km), herbarium collections suggest 6 locations (subpopulations).</p><p>Note — The cavities are well adapted for collecting rainwater, with large funnel-like entrance holes. Several collectors have noticed frogs in these chambers, and MHPJ has found adults and eggs of the tree frog Cophixalus riparius Zweifel on Mt Shungol. Two other Hydnophytum species have been recorded as regularly containing frogs: H. pauper [24] and H. dauloense [29].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFFE8131FC895F767E53FE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFFD8137FC895E497DC0FDBD.text	03FBBD64FFFD8137FC895E497DC0FDBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum reevii Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>34. Hydnophytum reevii Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 37; Map 5</p><p>Tuber irregulariter globosum. Aperturae numerosae, 0.2 ad 0.6 cm, labrosae,instructae quaeque 1–5 lobis digitiformibus. Caules juvenes 4-angulati. Lamina elliptica usque obovata,ad 4.2 per 2.3 cm,apice rotundo-acuminato, basi sensim attenuata. Petiolus ad 0.6 cm. Inflorescentia binata, sessilis, bracteis obtecta; quae bracteae ad 0.7 cm longae, ad 0.4 cm latae. Flores heterostyli. Calyx 2 mm, integer usque 4-dentatus. Corolla ad 9 mm; lobi triangulares, ad 3.5 mm; annulus pilorum exsertus ex faucem. Pyrenae obovatae, 3.5 per 2.2 mm, apice truncato-apiculato.</p><p>— Typus: Reeve 1069 (holo LAE; iso CBG, FHO, K, L), Papua New Guinea, Enga Province, Porgera district, Tukulanga-Tombena ridge, Paiela C/D, July 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of Tom Reeve, former agricultural officer at Laiagam in Enga Province of Papua New Guinea and orchidologist.</p><p>Tuber irregularly globose, to 30 by 15 cm. Entrance holes numerous, often densely covering tuber, 0.2–0.6 cm within, with a thick raised rim, often with 1–5, fleshy, upright to spreading, finger-like lobes, 0.2–1 by 0.2–0.3 cm along its margin. Stems several, to 60 cm, pendent to upcurved, branching, 4-angled, becoming rounded; internodes up to 12 by 1 cm when sterile, 0.5–4 by 0.2–0.4 cm when fertile. Lamina elliptic to obovate; 1.5 by 0.8 to 4.2 by 2.3 cm; apex round-acute; base tapering; leathery; midrib obscure towards apex; veins 4 or 5, obscure. Petiole 0.2–0.6 cm; stipules 0.2–0.3 cm, ± persistent. Inflorescences sessile, paired, bract-covered, to 0.8 cm across, bracts papery to leathery, triangular, to 0.7 by 0.4 cm. Flowers [3]?heterostylous. Calyx to 2 mm, margin entire to 4-dentate. Corolla tube to 6 mm, with a broad ring of hairs at mouth of tube, and spreading to the lobes; lobes triangular, to 3.5 mm, fully reflexed in open flower, uncus narrow to 1 mm. Only short-styled flower known.Anthers 2 mm, exserted, filaments 1.5 mm. Pollen 47–49 μm, brochi 1.5–2.5 μm, walls 1.5–3 μm thick, vesicles small. Stigma 2-fid to obscurely lobed, within mouth of corolla tube. Fruit globose, to 6 by 5 mm, calyx and disc prominent at apex. Pyrenes obovoid, 3.5 by 2.2 mm; apex truncate with an abrupt, rounded to acute, central process to 0.5 mm long.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mid to low-level epiphyte in mossy forest, 1 800–1 900 m.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Enga and West Sepik Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with the only two known locations about 200 km apart.</p><p>Additional specimen examined. Jebb 244 (K, L, LAE), Jebb 245 ( LAE), West Sepik Province, S5°05' E141°39', on path from Telefomin to Eliptamin.</p><p>Note — The extraordinary entrance hole extensions are not as well marked in the Telefomin specimens, and nor is the leaf shape in these latter two specimens a perfect match to the type, however, the inflorescence, flower and fruit characters are all constant.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFFD8137FC895E497DC0FDBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFFB8136FFD05E417FB3FE6C.text	03FBBD64FFFB8136FFD05E417FB3FE6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum terrestris Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>35. Hydnophytum terrestris Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 38; Map 5</p><p>Saepe terrestre. Tuber irregulariter globosum. Caules numerosi, ramosi. Internodia 4-angulata, alata. Lamina lanceolata usque ovata, latissima ad tertiam partem longitudinis, 3.5 per 1 ad 11 per 4 cm, apice sensim attenuato usque acuminato, basi abrupte angustata. Petiolus ad 1 cm. Stipulae grandes, triangulares, obtusae, ad 1 cm. Inflorescentia binata sessilis, raro quadruplex, tandem pedunculata. Bracteae densae, inflorescentiam obtegentes, triangulares, ad 0.8 cm. Flores heterostyli. Calyx ad 1.5 mm. Corollae tubus ad 4.5 mm, lato annulo pilorum instructus; lobi ovati, ad 4.5 per 2 mm.Antherae ad 1 mm. Stigma 2-fidum.Fructus ellipsoideus.Pyrenae complanatae, ellipsoideae.</p><p>— Typus: Kairo 459 (holo LAE; iso A, Bulolo, CBG, K, L, UPNG), Papua New Guinea, Lufa, track to Mt Michael, S6°21’ E145°17’, 5 km SW of Lufa .</p><p>Etymology. For the unusual terrestrial nature of the species.</p><p>Epiphytic or terrestrial. Tuber globose, highly irregular in outline when growing terrestrially or beneath leaf litter, more regular when epiphytic, to 25 by 30 cm, pale brown. Entrance holes numerous, prominent, conical, 0.3–1 cm across. Cavity surfaces pale brown, warted at extremities. Tuber tissue white. Stems numerous, branching, erect, to 1 m, rarely with tuberous swellings with cavities, particularly when stems lie beneath leaf litter; internodes to 10 cm or more near tuber, becoming more condensed when fertile, 4-angled, winged immediately below nodes, wings running from between the petiole bases largest. Leaves squarrose, stiff, leathery. Lamina ovate to lanceolate, widest at 1/3 length; 3.5 by 1 to 11 by 4 cm; apex tapering to acuminate; base narrowing abruptly. Dark glossy green above, paler below; drying grey-green with purple markings in herbarium specimens. Petiole to 1 cm; stipules large, triangular, blunt, to 1 cm, with a prominent wing, caducous. Inflorescence sessile, paired, rarely 4, becoming pedunculate. Bracts dense, covering inflorescence, triangular, to 0.8 cm, keeled, papery; drying grey/brown, persistent. Flowers [7] heterostylous. Calyx to 1.5 mm, entire, dentate or minutely ciliate. Corolla tube to 4.5 mm, widest at middle; with a broad ring (2 mm) of hairs at mouth, exserted in open flower; lobes ovate, to 4.5 by 2 mm, uncus &lt;1 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1 mm, filaments to 1.5 mm; pollen 3-colporate, 42–54 μm, walls to 2.5 μm, colpi to 35 μm long, 7 μm wide, brochi to 1 μm; stigma 2-fid, immediately within mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers at mouth of tube; filament &lt;0.5 mm; pollen 35–42 μm diam; stigma exserted. Fruit ellipsoid, to 6 by 3 mm. Pyrenes flattened, ellipsoid, 3.8 by 2.2 mm; apex and base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — A low-level epiphyte, regularly becoming terrestrial by falling from tree, becoming buried in leaf litter, and then appearing as a shrub. Often growing at the very base of tree trunks. Tuber sometimes deeply buried, with upper surface 5–10 cm below surface. In Castanopsis - Nothofagus forest, 1 800–2 100 m. Abundant around Mt Michael. Tuber inhabited by a range of ant species.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Critically Endangered (CR) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). The collections indicate just 3 locations within a range of 20 km. This taxon is confined to lower montane forests around Mt Michael, a habitat that probably comprises less than 40 km 2 in total area. Other information: AOO 8 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 3 km), EOO 15 km 2.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Jebb 101 ( LAE), Jebb 328 ( LAE), Jebb 329 (K, L), Jebb 330 ( LAE), Jebb 331 ( LAE), Jebb 332 ( LAE), S6°21' E145°16',Eastern Highlands Province, just past Duto,on road beyond Lufa, Mt Michael, Lufa subdistrict,12 May 1983; Jebb 311 ( LAE), Jebb 312 ( LAE), Jebb 313 ( LAE), Jebb 314 (BRI, K, L), Jebb 315 ( LAE), S6°28' E145°26', SW of Lufa, on logging track in the Frigano Timber Lease, Habu river, Lufa subdistrict, 11 May 1983; Brass 31377 (A, L), Mt Michael, NE slopes; Jebb 123 ( LAE), Lamari valley.</p><p>Note — The name refers to the unique habit of this species being found at the base of trees, or with its tuber buried in the leaf litter, having fallen from the trees above. Most species rot rapidly in such situations, while those other species found terrestrially are either in open, scrub-like habitats ( H. caminiferum [17] and H. dentrecastense [41]) or are only terrestrial above the tree-line ( H. archboldianum [36] and H. pauper [24]).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFFB8136FFD05E417FB3FE6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFFA8136FFD05E5779B5FCED.text	03FBBD64FFFA8136FFD05E5779B5FCED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum archboldianum Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>36. Hydnophytum archboldianum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 39</p><p>Hydnophytum archboldianum Merr. &amp; L.M. Perry (1945) 16. — Type: Brass 9506 (lectotype selected here A; iso L), New Guinea, Papua Province, Lake Habbema,Aug. 1938 .</p><p>Terrestrial to epiphytic. Tuber large, surface rugose, brownish yellow. Entrance holes rimmed to 1 cm across. Tuber tissue purple. Stems several, branching and spreading, to 30 by 0.6 cm. Internodes 0.5–6 cm. Lamina elliptic-lanceolate; 2.3 by 1 to 5 by 3.3 cm; apex round apiculate to acute; base rounded; leathery; midrib prominent above and below, veins 4–6, more prominent above, slightly impressed below. Petiole to 0.2 cm; stipules to 0.2 cm, triangular, more or less persistent, falling before leaves. Inflorescence paired, sessile; bracts 0.5–0.8 cm, papery, with numerous reddish hairs within. Flowers [2] heterostylous. Calyx to 1.5 mm, 4-cuspidate. Corolla tube 7–8 mm, lobes 3 mm, pale purple to purple-red, with a broad band of short hairs from lobes to well within corolla tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers 1.8 mm, exserted on 1 mm filaments, stigma 2-fid at mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers 1.8 mm, within mouth of tube, stigma 2-fid, exserted above anthers. Pollen 3-colpate, 74 (68–78) μm, brochi 2–3 μm. Fruit obovate, 8 mm, red. Pyrenes 2 or 3, obovoid, 3 by 2 mm; apex rounded; base tapering.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Terrestrial or epiphytic in alpine scrub, above 3 000 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the type location known, a previously remote area, that is now accessible by 4WD with the concomitant risk of ecological degradation.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Brass 9240 (A, BO, BRI, L), Brass 9492 (A, BO, BRI, L), S4°07' E138°40', Lake Habbema, 3 225 m camp.</p><p>Notes — The tuber tissue is purplish red, and the flowers are said to be purple in colour, although this probably applies to the lobes only. These characters are shared by two species of Hydnophytum from Papua New Guinea: H. magnirubrum [37] and H. minirubrum [38]. Hydnophytum archboldianum has more leathery, oblong leaves and flowers with less fleshy lobes.</p><p>According to Merrill &amp; Perry (1945), Brass suspected that certain plants lacked a tuber, all his numbers are annotated as shrubs, and for Brass 9240 and 9492 no tuber is mentioned. It seems improbable that this species sometimes lacks a tuber, and it is more likely that after an extended period of growth, the stems may appear at some distance from the original tuber, which becomes buried in leaf litter or moss.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFFA8136FFD05E5779B5FCED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFFA8135FC895F117FB5F8E1.text	03FBBD64FFFA8135FC895F117FB5F8E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum magnirubrum Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>37. Hydnophytum magnirubrum Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 40</p><p>Tuber globosum, superficie laevi. Aperturae duo generum, vel infundibuliformes, ad 4 cm in diametro, vel parvae et conicae, ad 0.5 cm in diametro. Tuberis contextus badius. Caules numerosi, libere ramosi. Lamina elliptica usque obovoidea, 3 per 1.4 ad 6 per 3 cm, apice rotundato usque acuto, basi sensim attenuata. Petiolus ad 0.3 cm. Inflorescentia sessilis, binata, bracteis obtecta; quae bracteae papyraceae usque coreaceae, ad 0.5 cm. Calyx ad 3.5 mm, margine irregulariter dentato. Corollae tubus ad 10 mm, albus, intus pilis conspersus. Lobi ad 5 mm, rubello-purpurei. Antherae ad 1.5 mm, exsertae ex fauce corollae. Stigma 3-lobatum. Pyrenae (2–)3(–4), hemisphericae usque obovoideae, 3 per 2 mm.</p><p>— Typus: Jebb 261 (holo LAE; iso A, BRI, CANB, K, L), Papua New Guinea, S6°07' E143°57', SE of Mt Giluwe, above Onin, ‘ Beechwoods No. 2’ logging track, 23 Apr. 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. There are two taxa in Papua New Guinea with red tuber tissue and red-tipped corollas, of the two this has the larger leaves.</p><p>Tuber globose, to 30 by 19 cm; surface smooth, grey. Entrance holes of two kinds, some conical, or lipped, to 0.5 cm diam; others more numerous and funnel-like, to 4 cm diam. Cavity walls partly silver-grey in colour, partly purplish brown. Tuber tissue reddish brown. Stems numerous, to 100 by 0.8 cm, freely branching, spreading and upcurving. Internodes to 7 by 0.8 cm when sterile, 0.4–3 by 0.2–0.4 cm when fertile. Leaves erect to spreading. Lamina, elliptic to obovoid; 3 by 1.4 to 6 by 3 cm; apex rounded to acute; base shortly-attenuate; sclerophyllous, dark green, glossy above, pale below; margin downcurved; veins 5–7; midrib prominent below, pale yellow. Petiole to 0.3 cm, rounded, yellow to reddish in colour; stipules 0.2–0.3 cm, triangular, with a central process, caducous. Inflorescence paired, sessile, bract-covered, these papery to leathery, to 0.5 cm. Flowers [7] incompletely heterostylous. Calyx to 3.5 mm, margin irregularly toothed. Corolla tube to 10 mm, white; lobes to 5 mm, with a crest at apex, reddish purple; with scattered hairs within. Anthers to 1.5 mm, just exserted from corolla mouth. Pollen 94 (73–120) μm, 3-colpate, brochi irregular, 1–2.5 μm, vesicles small. Stigma 3-lobed at or barely above level of anthers, or exserted. Fruit globose, to 5 mm, red. Pyrenes (2–)3(–4), hemispherical to obovoid, then triangular in section, 3 by 2 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mid- to high-level epiphyte in Nothofagus forest, 2 400–2 800 m. Tuber cavities not inhabited by ants, instead occupied by spiders, myriopods and other arthropods.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Enga and Southern Highlands Provinces).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). The four known localities lie within 100 km of one another. Other information:AOO 365 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 10 km), EOO 2 500 km 2.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Jebb 300 (BRI, K, L, LAE), Enga Province: S5°36' E143°30', Kandep Pass, on road from Laiagam; Huxley &amp; Turton in UPNG 5919B (A, UPNG), Southern Highlands Province, S5°57' E143°51', NW Foothills of Mt Giluwe, on Mendi-Hagen Road; Jebb 264 (L), 265 (K), 266 ( LAE), 269 ( LAE), 270 (K), 273 (L), 274 (A, BRI), 276 ( LAE), 277 (CANB, LAE), 278 (A), 279 ( LAE, UPNG), 281 ( LAE), 282 ( LAE), 285 ( LAE), 286 ( LAE, SUVA), Ash UPNG 3467 (BRI, CANB, LAE, UPNG), Ash UPNG 3468 (UPNG), Ash UPNG 3475 (UPNG), Schodde 1701 (L,A),S6°07' E143°57', SE of Mt Giluwe, above Onin, ‘Beechwoods No. 2’ logging track; NGF 28276 ( LAE), Mt Ambua.</p><p>Note — This species is closely related to H. minirubrum [35] with which it is sympatric, and to H. archboldianum [33].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFFA8135FC895F117FB5F8E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF98134FFD05BE57F49FC52.text	03FBBD64FFF98134FFD05BE57F49FC52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum minirubrum Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>38. Hydnophytum minirubrum Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. —</p><p>Fig. 41</p><p>Tuber sphaericum usque ellipsoideum,contextu rubello-purpurea;superficies sparsis tuberculis et radicibus obtecta. Aperturae numerosae, grandes, labrosae, ad 2 cm in diametro. Caules numerosi, libere ramosi; internodia fertilia contorta. Lamina ovata usque subrotunda, 1.2 per 0.6 ad 2 per 1.5 cm, apice acuto, basi rotundata usque sensim attenuata. Petiolus minus quam 2 mm. Inflorescentia binata, sessilis. Bracteae ad 0.4 cm, papyraceae, triangulares; nonnulli ex pilis bractealibus ad 0.3 cm. Calyx 3.5 mm; margo 4 vel 5 dentato acuminatis, ad 2 mm longis, interdum fimbriatis instructus. Corollae tubus albus,ad 7.5 mm,pilis in fauce dimidio superiore conspersus, vel glaber. Lobi rubello-purpurei, ad 2.5 mm. Antherae exsertae ex fauce, 1.5 mm. Pyrenae hemisphericae, 3.5 per 2 mm.</p><p>— Typus: Jebb 289 (holo LAE; iso A, BRI, CANB, K, L), Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands Province,S6°07'E143°57', SE of Mt Giluwe, above Onin,‘ Beechwoods No.2’logging track, 24 Apr. 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. There are two taxa in Papua New Guinea with red tuber tissue and red-tipped corollas, of the two this has the smaller leaves.</p><p>Tuber regularly spherical to ellipsoid, to 30 by 18 cm. Surface covered by numerous scattered tubercles to 0.15 cm, and roots. Entrance holes numerous; 0.2–1.2 cm across internally, overall to 2 cm; rimmed, the rims to 0.4 cm across. Cavity walls silvery or dull reddish brown. Tuber tissue reddish purple. Stems numerous, to 70 by 0.8 cm, freely branching, elliptic in section towards node, cylindrical elsewhere; upcurved to ascending. Internodes 2–4 by 0.3–0.8 cm when sterile, shorter, 0.15–1.5 cm and contorted when fertile. Leaves clustered, more or less erect, recurved. Lamina ovate to subround; 1.2 by 0.6 to 2 by 1.5 cm; apex acute; base rounded to tapered; glossy green above, yellowish green below; venation obscure. Petiole &lt;0.2 cm, rounded, yellow-green; stipules 0.1–0.2 cm, triangular, acute, with a small central process, papery and caducous. Inflorescence paired sessile. Bracts to 0.4 cm, papery, triangular, some bract hairs to 0.3 cm. Flowers [4]?not heterostylous. Calyx 3.5 mm; margin with 4 or 5 acuminate, sometimes fringed appendages to 2 mm long. Corolla white, lobes reddish purple, tube to 7.5 mm, with short scattered hairs in upper half, or glabrous, lobes 2.5–3 mm. Anthers to 1.5 mm, exserted from mouth of corolla tube. Pollen 3 or 4 colporate, 86 (80–100) μm, brochi irregular 1–5 μm; vesicles absent. Stigma 2- or 3-lobed, exserted. Fruit globose to 4 mm, orange-red. Pyrenes hemispherical, 3.5 by 2 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mid- to high-level epiphyte in Nothofagus forest, 2 400–2 800 m. Tuber not inhabited by ants, occupied by spiders, myriopods or other arthropods.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands and Southern Highlands Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). The three known localities lie within 40 km of one another in the montane forests of Mt Giluwe and Mt Hagen. Other information: AOO 43 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 4 km), EOO 247 km 2.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Jebb 301 (CANB, K, L, LAE), Western Highlands Province: S5°47' E143°59', Tomba Pass, on road from Wabag to Hagen; Huxley &amp; Turton in UPNG 5919A (A, BRI, K, L, UPNG), Southern Highlands: S5°57' E143°51', foothills of Mt Giluwe, on Mendi-Hagen Road; Jebb 267 ( LAE), Jebb 268 ( LAE), Jebb 283 (L, LAE), Jebb 288 (FHO),S6°07' E143°57', SE of Mt Giluwe, above Onin, ‘Beechwoods No. 2’ logging track.</p><p>Note — This species is very similar to H. magnirubrum [37] with which it occurs co-extensively. Each has a reddish purple fleshed tuber, contorted and contracted nodes, small leaves and a reddish purple tipped flower. The two species are sympatric throughout their range. The two species can be distinguished by a combination of characters: the leaves of H. minirubrum are smaller, the apex in particular being more acute, the venation of the leaves is less apparent; the tubers of H. minirubrum are more regular in outline, with a roughened surface covered by numerous small tubercles; the entrance holes of this species are also striking for their large regular rims, reaching up to 2 cm across, in H. magnirubrum the rimmed entrance holes are smaller, and the surface is mostly smooth while the larger entrance holes are distinctly funnel-shaped; lastly H. magnirubrum may have up to 3 pyrenes in each fruit.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF98134FFD05BE57F49FC52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFF8812BFC895C8C7DD9FCF8.text	03FBBD64FFF8812BFC895C8C7DD9FCF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum bracteatum Valeton	<div><p>39. Hydnophytum bracteatum Valeton — Fig. 42</p><p>Hydnophytum bracteatum Valeton (1911) 506. — Type: Versteeg 1765 (lectotype selected here BO; iso L), New Guinea, Papua Province, Lorentz River, 28 Sept. 1907 .</p><p>Tuber to 35 cm across, irregular; surface rough, areolate. Entrance holes few, prominently lipped, and raised as much as 1 cm above tuber surface; to 2.5 cm internally. Cavities bulbous, from 0.5–15 cm across; without ants. Stems several, unbranched, to 100 cm; rounded in section, with 2 prominent, winged ridges, running from below stipule. Internodes 3–11 by 0.7 cm. Leaves sessile, spreading. Lamina, elliptic; 13.5 by 6 to 19 by 8.5 cm; apex acute; base rounded to cordate; thick and brittle; dark glossy green above, pale below. Midrib prominent above and below. Veins 15–18 including prominent secondary veins. Stipules 0.6 cm, triangular, falling before leaves. Inflorescence paired; consisting of 2 or 3 flower-producing locules covered by a dense mass of triangular leathery bracts to 1 cm long. Flowers [2] heterostylous. Calyx 3–6 mm, membraneous, margin 4-cuspidate. Corolla tube to 5 mm, with a broad ring of hairs at mouth; lobes to 3 mm overall, with an apical crest to 1.5 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1 mm, exserted; filaments to 1 mm; pollen 56 μm 3-colpate; stigma 2-lobed, at same level as anthers. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1.5 mm, below ring of hairs; stigma above anthers, and at mouth of tube. Fruit to 5 mm, pink; calyx remains prominent to 4 mm, brown. Pyrenes obovoid to rhomboid, flattened, 3.5 by 2 mm; apex truncate-notched, with 2 lateral horns as long as or longer than true apex, giving appearance of three short teeth; abaxial surface with 2 furrows; base tapered, rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Closed forest,100–1 000 m. Tuber rarely ant-inhabited.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province) and Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). This taxon is remarkably widespread (2 000 km) but represented by just six locations (subpopulations). Removing the outlying island populations (Manus &amp; New Britain) leaves the New Guinea collections with an EOO of over 100 000 km 2. Other information: georeferenced collections 7, AOO 12 500 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), EOO 415 200 km 2.</p><p>Note — The large leaves and inflorescence bracts, thick stem, and large-cavitied, lightweight tuber of this species distinguish it from all others. It is remarkable that such a morphologically uniform species has been collected so rarely and from such widespread localities (from the south coast of New Guinea to Manus island and New Britain). It is probably a high-level epiphyte of primary forest, accounting for its infrequent discovery.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFF8812BFC895C8C7DD9FCF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE7812BFFD05F1B7EC5FD92.text	03FBBD64FFE7812BFFD05F1B7EC5FD92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum cordifolium Valeton	<div><p>40. Hydnophytum cordifolium Valeton — Fig. 43</p><p>Hydnophytum cordifolium Valeton (1927) 129. — Type: Schlechter 19636 (lectotype selected here K; iso G), Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province, Dischore, 30 May 1909 .</p><p>Tuber not known. Stems numerous, to 40 cm, branching, angular, with 4 ridges, grey. Internodes to 4 by 0.3 cm. Lamina ovate to round-cordate, 2 by 1.8 to 6.5 by 4.2; apex blunt to abruptly acuminate; base cordate; leathery to slightly fleshy when fresh, dull dark green above. Midrib impressed above, prominent below, lateral veins 4 or 5. Petiole 0.3–1 cm; stipules triangular, to 0.25 cm, with a central ridge, falling before the leaves. Inflorescence solitary or paired, unbranched, to 0.7 cm long. Bracts minute. Flowers [2]. Calyx truncate. Corolla 4–5.5 mm, lobes 2 mm, ring of hairs either at tube apex, around anthers or midway up tube below anthers. Anthers 1 mm. Pollen 36–42 μm, 3-colporate. Stigma just above anthers, bifid. Fruit not known. Pyrenes ovate to elliptic, rounded on inner adaxial face, strongly ridged on abaxial side, 3–5 by 2.5 mm; apex long or short acuminate; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, sea level to 300 m.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Morobe Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). The three locations have a geographic spread of 80 km. Other information: EOO 249 km 2, AOO 175 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 8 km).</p><p>Note — Resembles H. heterophyllum [43], but the leaves are always cordate, less than 6 cm long and the pyrenes lack the characteristic shouldered apex of this latter species. Hydnophytum orichalcum [46] can be distinguished by its longer, sessile leaves, longer flowers and blunt pyrenes. The two specimens differ somewhat in inflorescence number, flower structure and pyrene shape.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE7812BFFD05F1B7EC5FD92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE7812AFC895E317FC8F7DB.text	03FBBD64FFE7812AFC895E317FC8F7DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum dentrecastense Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>41. Hydnophytum dentrecastense Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 44</p><p>" Tuber parvum . Caules quadrati. Lamina lanceolata,4 per 1.2 cm ad 6.5 per 2.8 cm, apice acuminato, basi cuneata. Petiolus ad 0.4 cm. Inflorescentia binata,sessilis usque pedunculata,ad 1 cm longa.Calyx ad 1 mm.Corolla ad 3 mm, annulo pilorum ad faucem instructa.Antherae 1 mm longae. Pyrenae ovoideae, 4.5 per 2.5 mm, complanatae.</p><p>— Typus: Jebb 387 (holo LAE; iso A, BRI, CANB, K, L), Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Normanby Island, Mount Bwebwesu, 600 m, 6 June 1983 .</p><p>Etymology. For the d’Entrecasteaux islands from where the species was first recognised.</p><p>Terrestrial to epiphytic. Tuber relatively small, 15 by 15 cm, irregularly globose. Entrance holes conical, to 1 cm, scattered and prominent. Stems 1 to several, branching, square in section; upright to subpendent, to 60 by 0.15–0.7 cm. Internodes 1–7 cm. Lamina lanceolate, widest at or slightly below middle; 4 by 1.2 to 6.5 by 2.8 cm; apex acuminate to acute; base cuneate; leathery; margins strongly recurved; glaucous-green, and drying darker below. Midrib prominent below, occasionally caniculate above. Veins 7–9. Petiole to 0.4 cm; stipules to 0.25 cm, triangular, caducous. Inflorescence paired, sessile to pedunculate, to 1 cm. Bracts minute, papery. Flowers [2] heterostylous. Calyx to 1 mm, margin entire. Corolla tube to 3 mm; lobes 1.5 mm; a ring of hairs at mouth of tube. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1 mm long, exserted; pollen 3-colpate, 45 μm, brochi 1 μm; stigma 2-lobed, within mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 0.5 mm; within mouth of tube; pollen 54 μm; stigma exserted. Fruit to 6 mm, conical-ovoid, red. Pyrenes ovoid, 4.5 by 2.5 mm; flattened; apex blunt-acute, base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — This species is found terrestrially on the upper slopes of Mts Pabinama and Bwebwesu of Normanby Island, at c. 600–800 m altitude. This is an area of ultrabasic soils with sparse, stunted forest cover.The tuber is not inhabited by ants and nor does it collect rainwater.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay and Northern Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2. The habitat on Normanby Island is an area of ultramafic soils identified as a source of future nickel and gold mining. The entire area covers less than 20 km 2, but it is not known whether this epiphyte is found further afield on that island. Two other localities are on islands and one in Northern Province, a range of over 700 km. Other information:AOO 20 km 2 (using a cell width of 2 km), EOO c. 32 900 km 2.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Woods 350 (E), Northern Province, ridge above Doma; Brass 25682 (A, L), Brass 25698 (A, L), Brass 25786 (A, L), Brass 25789 (A, L), Milne Bay Province; Croft NGF 71018 ( LAE, L), Fergusson Island,E slopes of Mt Kilkerran, Normanby Island,Mt Pabinama; Jebb 380 ( LAE), Jebb 388 (BRI), Jebb 389 ( LAE), Jebb 390 ( LAE), Normanby Island, west slopes of Mt Bwebwesu; Brass 28403 (A, BO, K, L), Rossel Island, South slopes of Mt Rossel.</p><p>Note — The fresh leaves of this species have a glaucous-green look, and dry to a grey-green colour, darker below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE7812AFC895E317FC8F7DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE68129FC89599F78A8F994.text	03FBBD64FFE68129FC89599F78A8F994.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum hellwigii Warb.	<div><p>42. Hydnophytum hellwigii Warb. — Fig. 45; Map 6</p><p>Hydnophytum hellwigii Warb. (1894) 209. — Type: Hellwig 469 (Lectotype selected here B presumed lost). Epitype selected here, Gillison &amp; Streimann 25662 (K; isoepitypes A, BO, BRI, CANB, L, LAE, SING), Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province, Buso River, 16 Aug. 1968.</p><p>Hydnophytum parvifolium Valeton (1927) 140. — Type: Schlechter 19405 (lectotype selected here K; iso F, G, L), Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province, Waria River, Pema, 11 May 1909, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum punamense Lauterb. in K.Schum. &amp; Lauterb. (1905) 401; Valeton (1911) 508; (1927) 140; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 23. — Type: Schlechter 14671 (WRSL), Papua New Guinea, New Ireland, Punam, June 1902, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber globose, to 20 cm, regular, smooth. Entrance holes numerous, conical with narrow rims, 0.3–0.6 cm diam. Cavities small. Stems several, branching, pendulous to erect, quadrangular in section, with 4 narrow ridges. Internodes 0.5–6 by 0.05–0.3 cm. Leaves sessile to barely petiolate, distichous. Lamina linear-ovate; 3 by 0.7 to 6.2 by 2.4 cm; apex acute, but blunt at its extremity; base rounded; midrib prominent below, veins 4–6; thin, mid-green. Petiole to 0.4 cm; stipules triangular, papery to 0.2 cm, ± persistent. Inflorescence paired, sessile. Bracts inconspicuous, &lt;1 mm. Flowers [4] not heterostylous. Calyx to 1 mm. Corolla tube to 1 mm, lobes to 0.5 mm, with a minute ring of hairs within mouth of tube. Anthers 0.3 mm, partly exserted. Pollen colporate, 36 (30–41) μm, brochi 1 μm. Stigma 2-lobed, reaching to top of anthers. Fruit 4 by 2 mm, red. Pyrenes ellipsoid to ovoid, 3 by 2 mm; apex rounded to acute; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — A coastal species, forest, from sea level to 600 m (once at 1 800 m). Tuber only occasionally not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Whilst probably Vulnerable in some parts of its range, this taxon is spread across 1 400 km with herbarium collections indicating at least 12 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 15, EOO c. 510 000 km 2.</p><p>Notes — This species has delicate, long-ovate leaves, which taper into an ultimately rounded apex. The stems are slender, and the leaves are usually disposed at right angles to the stem in a strikingly distichous manner for the genus. The north coast specimens, especially those from the Bismarck Archipelago and Milne Bay Province, as well as those from the coasts of Madang and Morobe Province are all fairly uniform. However, a number of collections from Southern Highlands and Gulf Province have been provisionally included here, and these may represent separate taxa (Map 6). Clemens 11094 from Wantoat has a more lanceolate, thicker leaf, while Carr 13963 from Northern Province has exceptionally long leaves compared to other collections from the same area. Of the five collections from the Southern Highlands and Gulf Provinces, Gray &amp; Floyd NGF 8026 has large elliptic leaf blades, while the others all have smaller, cordate-elliptic blades. All these specimens share stem and inflorescence characters as well as the delicate leaf texture of the north coast specimens. A map of leaf outlines is presented in Map 6.</p><p>There are no recent collections from Finschhafen, and we have decided not to neotypify this species, since collections from the type locality could be readily made. In the meantime, we have adopted an epitype to serve as a discriminating element until such time as suitable topotype material becomes available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE68129FC89599F78A8F994	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE58129FC895A37787FF8CA.text	03FBBD64FFE58129FC895A37787FF8CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum hellwigii	<div><p>H. hellwigii aff.</p><p>A number of collections from southern Papua New Guinea have broad, elliptic leaves, but in other respects closely match H. hellwigii .</p><p>Papua New Guinea: Gay 487 ( LAE), Western Province, Ok Tedi area, Ok Menga valley. Jacobs 9116 (L), Jacobs 9233 (L), Southern Highlands Province,Waro airstrip,20 km SSW of Kutubu,S6°31'E143°10'. Streimann &amp; Kairo NGF 35950 (A, BRI, BULOLO, CANB, K, L, LAE), Gulf Province, Titamunga, Kukipi subdistrict, S7°22' E146°03'. Gray &amp; Floyd NGF 8026 (A, BRI, L, LAE); S7°30' E144°30', near Kinomeri, Uramu Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE58129FC895A37787FF8CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE58128FC895BC87974FC9F.text	03FBBD64FFE58128FC895BC87974FC9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum heterophyllum Merr. & L. M. Perry	<div><p>43. Hydnophytum heterophyllum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry — Fig. 46</p><p>Hydnophytum heterophyllum Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 15. — Type: Brass 12857 (A), New Guinea, Papua Province, 6 km southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Feb. 1939.</p><p>Tuber small. Spines few, slender, not sharp ± 1 cm. Stems solitary, pendulous to 1 m long, branched towards apex. Internodes terete, 1–4 cm. Leaves strikingly varied in size; larger, ovate and cordate based on the lower stem, smaller and elliptic towards the apex. Lamina 2 by 1.3 to 13 by 7.6 cm; midrib distinct above and below, thick towards base; lateral veins 5 or 6, inconspicuous. Petiole (0.5–)0.7–1 cm; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescence solitary or paired, shortly pedunculate. Bracts minute. Flowers [1 – bud only]. Calyx membraneous, truncate. Corolla tube with a ring of sparse hairs from midway to mouth of tube; lobes 1.5 mm long. Anthers just within tube, c. 1 mm long. Stigma not known. Fruit to 6 mm, orange. Pyrenes ovate, 4 by 2 mm; apex abruptly shouldered with a prominent apiculum forming a fine point 0.5–1 mm in length, which is contiguous with a prominent abaxial ridge that runs to base of pyrene; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — High epiphyte in forest, at 1 200 m.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the type specimen known.</p><p>Note — The variable size and shape of the leaves are a striking feature of this specimen. For differences from H. cordifolium [40] see notes for that species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE58128FC895BC87974FC9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE4812FFC895F3F7FD7FE67.text	03FBBD64FFE4812FFC895F3F7FD7FE67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum lucidulum Valeton	<div><p>44. Hydnophytum lucidulum Valeton — Fig. 47</p><p>Hydnophytum lucidulum Valeton (1927) 137. — Papua New Guinea, Schlechter 19628 (lectotype selected here L; iso BM, G, K), Morobe Province, Dischore .</p><p>Tuber size and appearance unknown. Stems several, much branched, to 40 cm or more. Internodes 0.5–5 by 0.2–0.5 cm; rounded to angular. Lamina lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 by 1–6 by 2.5 cm; apex acute to blunt; base cuneate; midrib prominent above and below; veins c. 5 obscure; leathery; margin recurved. Petiole 0.2–0.5 cm; stipules 0.1 cm, triangular, papery, caducous. Inflorescence paired peduncles to 0.5 cm. Bracts minute. Flowers [2]?heterostylous. Calyx entire 1.5 mm. Corolla tube 2 mm; lobes 1 mm, with a ring of hairs 2/3rds way up tube. Anthers &lt;1 mm; at mouth of tube. Pollen 3-colporate, 44 μm, walls thick. Stigma 2-lobed, below ring of hairs, style 1 mm. Fruit 4 mm, with prominent calyx remains. Pyrenes ovoid, 3 by 1.5 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, 350–1 650 m.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Central &amp; Morobe Provinces)</p><p>Conservation status — Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). Other information: AOO 342 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 14 km), EOO 567 km 2.</p><p>Note — The small lanceolate leaves with prominent midribs both above and below are quite unlike those of H. moseleyanum [14] with which it shares shortly pedunculate inflorescences. Although the collections imply a large geographic spread, it remains known from just two locations some 140 km apart.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE4812FFC895F3F7FD7FE67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE3812FFFD05E67794DFB97.text	03FBBD64FFE3812FFFD05E67794DFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum mamberamoense Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>45. Hydnophytum mamberamoense Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 48</p><p>Myrmecodia species 1 ‘ mamberamoensis ’ C.R.Huxley &amp; Jebb (1993) 332.</p><p>Tuber oblongum, laeve. Aperturae 0.2–0.6 cm, labrosae, arcuatim vel seriatim dispositae. Caules complures; internodia fertilia 2–9 cm. Stipulae triangulares, ad 1.6 per 0.6 cm, papyraceae, mox caducae. Lamina ovatoelliptica, 19 per 9 ad 40 per 14 cm, apice acuto, basi cuneato-attenuata, nervis 12–19,coreacea textura.Petiolus 9 cm. Inflorescentia binata,sessilis, obtecta pulvino pilorum bractealium et plurimorum fructuum ineffectorum, omnio ad 3.5 cm in diametro, plus minus contigua, ad instar densae spirae caulem ascenditis; pili bracteales ad 1.3 cm, badii. Calyx 1.5 mm, integer, supra altitudinem disci. Corollae tubus 8 mm, annulo pilorum infra faucem instructus;lobi anguste triangulares,ad 5 mm, unci ad 2.5 mm.Antherae 1.5 mm, ad faucem tubi. Stigma bifidum, supra antheras.Fructus et pyrenae ignota.</p><p>— Typus: Docters van Leeuwen 9540 (holo L; iso A, BO, K, SING), New Guinea, Papua Province, Mamberamo river opposite Albatros biv,July 1926 .</p><p>Etymology. For the type locality.</p><p>Tuber oblong, 18 by 11 cm; smooth-surfaced. Entrance holes 0.2–0.6 cm, rimmed; often in arcs or lines. Stems several, unbranched? to 50+ by 1.5 cm; internodes 2–9 cm when fertile. Lamina ovate-elliptic; 19 by 9 to 40 by 14 cm; apex acute; base cuneate, ultimately attenuate; veins 12–19; leathery in texture. Petiole 9 cm; stipule intrapetiolar, triangular, to 1.6 by 0.6 cm, papery, soon falling. Inflorescence paired, sessile, covered by a mass of bract hairs, to 3.5 cm across; more or less contiguous, appearing as a thick spiral up stem. Bract hairs to 1.3 cm, reddish brown, with numerous undeveloped fruits. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, entire, above level of disc. Corolla tube 8 mm; with a ring of hairs below level of mouth; lobes narrow-triangular to 5 mm, unci to 2.5 mm. Anthers 1.5 mm, at mouth of tube. Pollen 3- (or 4-)colpate; 100–120 μm; colpi with large swollen borders to 20 μm across; brochi 1–2 μm. Stigma bifid, above anthers. Fruit undeveloped and pyrenes unknown.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — In forest on trees or rockwalls, 100– 175 m. Apparently not inhabited by ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only three locations known. These locations are widespread (350 km) along the northern coastal plains of Papua Province.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 12293 (FU), Dalman, 45 km Inland from Nabire; Docters van Leeuwen 10134 (A, K, L), S3°00' E138°00', Rouffaer (Tariku) river.</p><p>Note — This species has been difficult to place to a genus, chiefly because of its large intrapetiolar stipules, a character otherwise not known in Hydnophytum . The large inflorescences, pollen grains with thick bordered pores, a coarse reticulation, and large petiolate leaves are more like Myrmecodia (as suggested in Huxley &amp; Jebb 1993), however, the tuber lacks the characteristic Myrmecodia -type cavity arrangement (Jebb 1985, 1991a), and the species is placed in Hydnophytum more by default than by diagnosis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE3812FFFD05E67794DFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE2812EFFD059B278B7F7DA.text	03FBBD64FFE2812EFFD059B278B7F7DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum orichalcum Jebb & C. R. Huxley 2019	<div><p>46. Hydnophytum orichalcum Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley, sp. nov. — Fig. 49</p><p>Tuber amplum.Caules numerosi,ramosi, quadrati in sectione.Folia sessilia. Lamina lanceolato-cordata, 3.5 per 1.3 ad 5 per 2 (8.5 per 3.5) cm, apice acuto, basi cordata usque obtusa, nervo medio supra et subtus prominente, badia in statu sicco. Inflorescentia binata,pedunculis haud ramosis,ad 2 mm longis. Flores heterostyli. Calyx 1.5 mm, integer. Corollae tubus ad 6 mm, lato annulo pilorum intra faucem instructus; lobi 3 mm. Pyrenae ovoideae, 4 per 2.5 mm,basi rotundata, apice obtuso-acuto, ventraliter complanatae. —</p><p>Typus: Brass 28005 (holo A; iso BO, K, L), Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province, Sudest Island, Mt Riu, west slopes, 4 Sept. 1956 .</p><p>Etymology. From the Greek for brass,derived from oros = mountain and chalkos = copper.</p><p>Tuber large. Stems numerous, to 80 by 0.5 cm, branching; erect to subpendent. Internodes 1–5 cm, ± square in section. Leaves scattered, sessile. Lamina lanceolate-cordate, 3.5 by 1.3 to 5 by 2 (8.5 by 3.5) cm; apex acute; base cordate to blunt; midrib prominent above and below, veins 5 or 6; margin recurved when dry; reddish brown in colour when dry. Stipules to 0.2 cm, triangular, papery, caducous. Inflorescence paired, peduncles unbranched, to 0.2 cm long. Bracts minute, &lt;0.1 cm, papery, persistent. Flowers [3], heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, entire. Corolla tube to 6 mm, lobes to 3 mm, a broad ring of hairs within mouth of tube, and partly exserted. Short-styled flowers with anthers 1.3 mm, exserted; pollen 3-colpate, to 58 μm; stigma 2-fid, immediately below anthers. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1.5 mm; within mouth of tube; pollen 41–45 μm; stigma exserted. Fruit to 6 by 3.5 mm, orange. Pyrenes ovoid, 4 by 2.5 mm; apex blunt-acute; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Low to mid-level epiphyte in forest, 100–500 m. Tuber with or without ants.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with only the two island locations known.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Brass 27955 (A, K, L), Louisiade Archipelago, Sudest Island, Mt Riu, W slopes; Brass 28248 (A, L), Rossel Island, Abaleti.</p><p>Note — This species has distinctive, apetiolate long-cordate leaves. It differs from H. cordifolium [40] in its sessile or shortly pedunculate (&lt;0.2 cm) inflorescence. Leonard Brass (1900– 1971) was one of the most prolific ant-plant collectors, and it is fitting that we name this species, only ever collected by him, it being unfortunate that the species named in his honour has been reduced to a synonym of H. moseleyanum in this revision.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE2812EFFD059B278B7F7DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE1812DFC895CC47821FD4A.text	03FBBD64FFE1812DFC895CC47821FD4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum tetrapterum Becc.	<div><p>47. Hydnophytum tetrapterum Becc. — Fig. 50</p><p>Hydnophytum tetrapterum Becc.(1884) 126; (1885) 173,t. 42:1–3. — Type: Beccari 5529 (FI),New Guinea,West Papua Province,Sorong,Wa-Samson river, Feb. 1875.</p><p>Tuber not known. Stems numerous, spreading, to 40 cm long, 0.6 cm diam. Internodes to 9 cm, to just 1 cm when fertile; quadrangular and winged, especially immediately below nodes. Lamina lanceolate to obovate; 5 by 2 to 11 by 5.5 cm; apex blunt to acute; base acuminate to tapered; thin to leathery, light green in colour; midrib pronounced below, veins 5–7. Petiole short, 0.3–1 cm; stipules to 0.6 cm, triangular, caducous. Inflorescence paired, sessile, sometimes bract-covered. Flowers unknown. Fruit to 7 mm, ovoid. Pyrenes to 4.5 mm.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest at low altitude.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (West Papua Province).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria D2 with the two specimens 125 km apart.</p><p>Note — The winged internodes and leaf shape resemble H. kebarense [21], but the tuber is quite distinct.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE1812DFC895CC47821FD4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE1812CFC895F327F07FBE2.text	03FBBD64FFE1812CFC895F327F07FBE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum albertisii Becc.	<div><p>48. Hydnophytum albertisii Becc. — Fig. 51</p><p>Hydnophytum albertisii Becc. (1884) 124; (1885) 136, t. 45: 8–14; Valeton (1912b) 772; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 24. — Type: d’Albertis s.n. (FI), Papua New Guinea, Fly River, 1877.</p><p>Tuber small, to 15 cm across, smooth. Entrance holes scattered, prominently lipped; 0.3–1 cm across internally. Stems several, little branched to 60 by 0.3–1 cm. Internodes 1–11 cm, square in section, with four ± prominent wings, these contracting at nodes. Leaves spreading. Lamina oblong-lanceolate, margins more or less parallel; 10 by 0.5 (11.5 by 2.7) to 17 by 4.7 (27 by 3.5) cm; apex acuminate; base attenuate; midrib prominent below; veins 7–10. Petiole 0.5–2 cm; stipules to 0.2 cm, triangular, caducous. Inflorescence comprising 2–4 unbranched peduncles bearing flowers towards their tips; to 1.5 cm in length. Flowers [5] heterostylous. Calyx entire, to 1 mm. Corolla tube to 3 mm, with a ring of hairs at mouth of tube; lobes to 1.5 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers &lt;1 mm; exserted, filaments to 1 mm; pollen 40–42.5 μm, 3-colpate, colpi unbordered, reticulation medium; stigma 2-lobed, style 1.5 mm. Long-styled flowers with anthers &lt;1 mm; below ring of hairs; pollen 31–34 μm, reticulation medium to fine; stigma exserted. Fruit to 5 mm, red. Pyrenes 4, fusiform, 3.5 by 1.5 mm, triangular in section.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Closed or open forest, from 80–1 000 m. Tuber contains various arboreal predators including centipedes and spiders, only occasionally with ants.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western, Southern Highlands and Gulf Provinces).</p><p>Conservation status — Near Threatened (NT). This taxon is widespread (1 000 km) across much of the southern foothills of the central highlands of New Guinea. Herbarium collections indicate at least six locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 8, AOO 15 000 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), EOO 38 800 km 2.</p><p>Note — The 4-angled stem, narrow-lanceolate leaves and pedunculate inflorescence, in which the initial peduncle is much reduced are diagnostic for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE1812CFC895F327F07FBE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE0812CFFD058E17957FA52.text	03FBBD64FFE0812CFFD058E17957FA52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum linearifolium Valeton	<div><p>49. Hydnophytum linearifolium Valeton — Fig. 52</p><p>Hydnophytum linearifolium Valeton (1927) 135. — Type: Ledermann 9700 (lectotype selected here L; iso B presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, Sepik April River, Lager 18, Nov. 1912 .</p><p>Hydnophytum linearifolium Valeton var. pedunculata Valeton (1927) 136. — Type: Ledermann 12455 (not seen), Papua New Guinea, Sepik Province, Felsspitze, July 1913, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum dolichophyllum Valeton (1927) 130. — Types: Ledermann 9889 (L), Papua New Guinea, Sepik Province, Lordberg, Dec. 1912 &amp; Ledermann 12723 (L), Papua New Guinea, Sepik Province, Felsspitze, Aug. 1913, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber unknown. Stems several (?); to 40 cm; unbranched (?); internodes 1.5–2.5 by 0.1–0.2 cm, ± quadrangular in section, but scarcely winged. Lamina linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, broadest near base; 9 by 0.8 (7 by 1.8) to 19.5 by 3.8 cm; apex acuminate-acute; base attenuate; midrib prominent below, venation obscure; matt green above, grey-green below. Petiole 0.4–2 cm; stipules minute, papery, caducous. Inflorescence paired peduncles to 1 cm. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx 0.7 mm, entire to 4-cuspidate, at level of disc. Corolla tube 1.5 mm; with a ring of hairs within mouth of tube; lobes triangular, 1.25 mm. Anthers 0.3 mm, exserted from corolla tube. Stigma bifid, below level of anthers. Fruit ovoid; to 4.5 by 2.5 mm; apex broad with prominent swollen disc surrounded by calyx remains. Pyrenes 2, ellipsoid, to 4 by 2 mm, flattened.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest (?), 200–1 500 m.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Sepik and Enga Provinces).</p><p>Conservation status — Near Threatened (NT). This taxon is widespread (560 km) across much of the northern Bismarck Mountains of Papua New Guinea, with herbarium collections indicating 5 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 8, AOO 12 500 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 50 km), EOO 20 200 km 2.</p><p>Additional specimen examined. Reeve 1121 ( LAE), Western Highlands, Enga, Pogera.</p><p>Note — This species appears to represent an analogue to H. albertisii on the northern slopes of the central mountain ranges of Papua New Guinea. As with that species it has a narrow leaf, a square stem, much reduced inflorescence peduncles, and it also belongs to the H. radicans group. We have combined a second species described from the Sepik by Valeton – H. dolichophyllum – which, although it has larger leaves and branched inflorescences, shares the same diminutive flower size. Valeton also described the variety pedunculata based on Ledermann 12455, with slightly larger leaves and pedunculate inflorescences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE0812CFFD058E17957FA52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE08123FC895A727800F7D8.text	03FBBD64FFE08123FC895A727800F7D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum radicans Becc.	<div><p>50. Hydnophytum radicans Becc. — Fig. 53</p><p>Hydnophytum radicans Becc. (1884) 123; (1885) 132, t. 30; Valeton (1911) 503; (1912b) 774; H.J.Lam (1928) 204; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 24. — Type: Beccari 793 (FI), New Guinea, West Papua Province, Andai.</p><p>Hydnophytum simplex Becc. (1884) 123; (1885) 129, t. 28. — Type: Beccari s.n. (FI), Indonesia, Maluku Province,Aru Is., Vokan, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum normale Becc. (1884) 123; (1885) 130, t. 29. — Type: Beccari s.n. (FI), New Guinea, Papua Province, Japen Island, Ansus, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum keiense Becc. (1884) 123 (as H. kejense); (1885) 131, t. 31. — Type: Beccari s.n. (lectotype selected here FI; iso K), Indonesia, Maluku Province, Kei Island, Weri, Aug. 1873, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum subnormale K.Schum. in K.Schum. &amp; Lauterb. (1905) 400; Valeton (1927) 142;Merr.&amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 24. — Type: Nyman 725 (not seen), New Guinea, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum albense Valeton (1927) 128; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 24. — Type: Schlechter 16164 (B presumed lost), New Guinea,Madang Province, Albu, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum kelelense Valeton (1927) 134. — Type: Schlechter 16237 (B presumed lost),New Guinea,Madang Province,Kelel,June 1907,syn.nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum montis­kani Valeton (1927) 138 (as H. kaniensis in key, p. 128). — Type: Schlechter 17056 (K), New Guinea, Madang Province, Kani Mountains, 26 Dec. 1907, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum amplifolium S.Moore (1927) 270. — Type: Brass 1151 (lectotype selected here A; iso BRI), Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Upoia, Vailala River, 15 Mar. 1926, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber variable, globose to fusiform-cylindric; up to 60 cm broad; surface smooth, grey to brown. Entrance holes few, lipped. Tubers either small and then fleshier with small cavity volume, or larger with very thin cavity walls and large spiral cavities. Stems 1 to several, to 150 cm or more, sparsely branched, thickening towards base; internodes 1.5–15 by 0.2–2 cm. Lamina lanceolate to lanceolate-obovate; 12 by 3 to 27 by 10 cm; apex acuminate, acumen c. 1 cm, rarely to 2 cm, rarely apex acute-acuminate; base rounded to cuneate, attenuate to petiole; midrib occasionally prominent; veins 7–12, oblique; papery to leathery; glossy to dull green. Petiole 1–3 cm long, scarcely winged; stipules triangular, to 0.4 cm. Inflorescence variable; a pair of dichotomously branched (sometimes asymmetrically so) peduncles, branching 1–4 times; terminal branches (numbering 2–8), which are fasciculated and bract-covered, bearing flowers; this terminal portion continues to produce flowers ultimately becoming quite long; in some populations entire inflorescence falling after 4 or 5 nodes from apex; entire inflorescence from 1–15 cm overall, and 0.1–0.5 cm thick at base; rarely bearing a single flower in first or later bifurcations. Flowers [20] not heterostylous. Calyx 1–1.5 mm entire. Corolla 4–7.5 mm overall; lobes 1.5–2 mm; with a ring of hairs in throat. Anthers 1–2 mm; at mouth of tube, 1/2 exserted. Stigma 2-fid, at level of anthers. Fruit globose, to 7 by 5 mm. Pyrenes 2–4, obovoid to oblong, to 4(–5) by 2 mm, flattened; apex notched, blunt or rounded; base rounded.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — In open savannah to closed forest, from sea level to 1 200(–1 800) m, then often a low-level epiphyte. With or without ants, but since there is probably more than one species involved in this complex, each may exhibit a somewhat different ecology in their relationship with ants.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia: Maluku Province (Seram, Kei and Aru islands); West Papua and Papua Provinces (including Yapen Island), Papua New Guinea (mainland only, including Karkar and Normanby Island).</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). Found across the whole island of New Guinea with herbarium collections indicating over 45 locations (subpopulations). Other information: georeferenced collections 72, EOO over 1 million km 2.</p><p>Notes — A very widespread and variable species. Although found throughout the New Guinea mainland, and on some of the offshore islands, H. radicans is absent from the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands. We have been unable to resolve any pattern to the variation in this species, and present collections have enabled us to distinguish only two other species: H. albertisii [48] and H. linearifolium [49].</p><p>Whilst H. albense, H. amplifolium, H. keiense, H. kelelense, H. montis­kani, H. normale, H. simplex and H. subnormale readily fall into a single variable taxon (even though we have seen no authentic specimens for several of these species), other specimens which are somewhat more extreme in appearance may represent distinct taxa.</p><p>Some notable variations are the high altitude collections from the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea, which have a large, fusiform tuber with spiral cavities and little tuber flesh (Jebb 93 &amp; 94, Brass 31936 &amp; 32048). It is not occupied by ants, but instead by a range of arthropods, and skinks. The leaves are leathery, with prominent midrib and veins. Another unusual specimen, Brass 7172 (from Western Province, PNG) has remarkably long, slender inflorescences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE08123FC895A727800F7D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFEE8121FFD05C8C7FC2FB87.text	03FBBD64FFEE8121FFD05C8C7FC2FB87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum grandiflorum Becc.	<div><p>51. Hydnophytum grandiflorum Becc. — Fig. 54</p><p>Hydnophytum grandiflorum Becc.(1884) 126;(1885) 171,t.44:13–25; Gibbs (1909) 153; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 271; A.C.Sm. (1988) 242, f. 90: a–b, 129. — Type: Graeffe s.n. (K) Fiji, Ovalau,Mt Tana Lailai,Dec. 1864.</p><p>Myrmecodia vitiensis Seem. (1861) 256, nom. nud.; A.Gray (1862b) 36; Seem. (1862) 438. — Type: Seemann 216 (lectotype selected here P; iso BM, CAL, G, GH, K), Fiji, Kandavu, Mt Mbuke Levu.</p><p>Hydnophytum longiflorum auct. non A.Gray (1858): A.Gray (1862a) 318; (1862b) 36; Seem. (1862) 438, p.p.; (1866) 138; Drake (1890) 99, p.p.; Becc. (1885) 172, t. 45: 1–7; Parham (1964) 193, p.p.; (1972) 272.</p><p>Squamellaria jebbiana Chomicki in Chomicki &amp; S.S.Renner (2016) 14, f. 2: i, 3: N–P, 9. — Type: G. Chomicki, J.Aroles &amp; A. Naikatini 74 (holo SUVA; iso GH, K, L, M barcode M-0274837, MO, NOU, NSW, P, S), Fiji, Taveuni, Des Voeux peak, 450 m alt., 22 Mar. 2015.</p><p>Tuber broadly conical, to 35 by 30 cm, slightly lobed at periphery; surface dark brown, smooth. Entrance holes of two types, conical to 1 cm across, with a prominent rim, or large and funnel-like to 4 cm across. Stems numerous, to 40 by 0.6 cm, branching freely, spreading to upcurved. Internodes to 7 cm when sterile, 0.4–2(–4) cm when fertile, with 2 slight ridges running from below stipules. Leaves clustered, erect to spreading. Lamina elliptic to ovate, 1.6 by 1 to 7 by 3.1 cm; apex rounded to acute; base rounded to truncate, abruptly attenuate; midrib prominent above and below; veins 4–6 pairs; leathery and brittle. Petiole to 0.2 cm; stipules rounded, 0.1–0.3 cm, with a prominent central process to 0.3 cm, continuous with stem ridge, caducous. Inflorescence terminal, becoming axillary, solitary, shortly pedunculate. Bracts c. 1 mm, papery. Flowers [7] heterogamous. Calyx entire, to 2 mm. Disc at or slightly above level of calyx, not prominent in fruit. Corolla tube 15–46 mm long, lobes to 10 by 5.5 mm, elliptic; uncus 1–2 mm; with a ring of hairs at mouth of corolla tube. Anthers exserted from mouth of tube. In female-sterile flowers anthers 2.5–3.5 mm long, containing 4-colpate pollen, 105–130 μm diam, with walls 7.5 μm thick, brochi 8–15 μm across; style to 6 mm, not attached to disc; stigma &lt;1 mm across, above anthers. In male-sterile flowers, anthers 1.2–2.5 mm long, lacking pollen; stigma capitate, broadly 4-lobed, and exserted from corolla mouth, to 3 mm across. Fruit globose to 12 by 9 mm, baccate, pink when ripe. Pyrenes 2 or 3, obovoid-oblong; 5.5 by 2.5 mm; semi-circular to triangular in section, rounded at apex and base.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Lowland to montane forest,200–1100 m. The tuber appears to be less regularly occupied by ants than H. longiflorum [52], and is often found to be occupied by skinks, geckoes and their eggs, and invertebrates, in particular spiders, myriopods and cockroaches.</p><p>Distribution — Fiji (Viti Levu, Ovalau, Kandavu, Vanua Levu and Taveuni).</p><p>Conservation status — Near Threatened (NT). This species is found on all 5 of the larger islands in the Fijian archipelago. Other information: georeferenced collections 20, AOO 68 km 2 (using a cell width of 2 km), EOO on Viti Levu alone 1 000 km 2.</p><p>Notes — Gray created confusion when he redescribed his 1858 H. longiflorum when specimens of H. grandiflorum came to hand in 1862. Beccari compounded this error and described H. longiflorum purely from Seeman’s description of Myrmecodia vitiensis . Albert Smith unravelled the nomenclature in Flora Vitiensis Nova (1988). The present species is distinguished from H. longiflorum [52] by its larger flowers with pubescent throats, and globose, fleshy fruits. Whilst the tubers of H. grandiflorum tend to be smooth-surfaced, this is not a consistent or reliable identification feature to distinguish it from H. longiflorum (Chomicki &amp; Renner 2016) .</p><p>The flowers of both Hydnophytum species in Fiji demonstrate a remarkable form of heterogamy, with staminate and pistillate flowers. This was not understood by Beccari, when working with herbarium material alone. From field observations (by MHPJ) it seems that flowers of both sexes may occur on a single inflorescence, while in other plants only one sex can be found. Smith reports finding hermaphrodite flowers (1988), but we have not seen this. When anthers contain pollen, it seems that their size physically results in the stigma being unable to pass between them, and as the corolla tube elongates, apparently faster than the style can grow, it is presumably plucked from the disc, in effect, a process of female neutering.</p><p>The pollen of all Hydnophytinae in Fiji share characteristic pollen. The majority of Hydnophytum spp. have 3-porate (more rarely 3-colpate) pollen 40–70 μm across, with a mean of 52 μm and a punctate surface. Two exceptions are H. magnirubrum [37] and H. minirubrum [38], which have pollen grains up to 100 μm across, with a coarsely reticulate exine with brochi c. 1–5 μm across. The pollen of Fijian Hydnophytinae is 3–5-col-pate, and 70–160 μm diam with a coarse reticulation with brochi 6–15 μm across.</p><p>Chomicki &amp; Renner (2016: 14) described a further species of Squamellaria from Taveuni Island, S. jebbiana Chomicki. They acknowledged that the species cannot be morphologically distinguished except for its occurrence on Taveuni Island. The species was taxonomically diagnosed by having a consistently elliptic lamina and a single base substitution in two genes; a C in position 354 of the ITS gene (GenBank # KU586342) instead of an A or T, and a C at position 278 of rps16 (GenBank # KU586438) instead of an A as in all other Fijian Squamellaria specimens (n = 13) examined (Chomicki &amp; Renner 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFEE8121FFD05C8C7FC2FB87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFED8120FC895CC47927FD5F.text	03FBBD64FFED8120FC895CC47927FD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum longiflorum A. Gray	<div><p>52. Hydnophytum longiflorum A.Gray — Fig. 55</p><p>Hydnophytum longiflorum A.Gray (1858) 42; Seem. (1866) 138 p.p.; Drake (1890) 199; Hook.f. (1894) t. 7343; Parham (1964) 193 p.p.; (1972) 272 p.p.; A.C.Sm. (1988) 244, f. 90: c–f. — Type: US Expl. Exp. 62267 (US), Fiji, Ovalau, 1840.</p><p>Squamellaria wilkinsonii (Horne ex Baker) Chomicki in Chomicki &amp; S.S. Renner (2016) 20. — Hydnophytum wilkinsonii Horne ex Baker (1883) 365, as H. wilkinsoni; Horne (1881) 263, nom. nud.; Becc. (1884) 125; (1885) 170, t. 44: 1–12; Drake (1890) 200; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272;A.C.Sm. (1988) 245. — Type: Horne 1077 (erroneously published as 1078 in Beccari 1885) (lecto K barcode K000761990; iso GH, K barcode K000761991), Fiji, Vanua Levu, Mbua, Sept. 1878, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum horneanum Becc.(1884) 125;(1885) 168,t. 43:15–25 (legend on plate as ‘ H. horneianum ’); Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. — Hydnophytum borneanum Becc. Sphalm. Govaerts et al. (2015) . — Type: Horne 282 (K), Fiji.</p><p>Squamellaria tenuiflora (Becc.) Chomicki in Chomicki &amp; S.S.Renner (2016) 20. — Hydnophytum tenuiflorum Becc.(1884) 125; (1885) 169,t. 43:1–14; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. — Type: Graeffe 1573 (lectotype selected by Smith (1988) K), Fiji, Ovalau.</p><p>non Hydnophytum longiflorum auct. non A.Gray (1858); A.Gray (1862a) 318; (1862b) 36 p.p.; Seeman (1862) 438; (1866) 138 p.p.; Drake (1890) 99; Becc. (1885) 172, t. 45: 1–7 p.p.; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. quae = H. grandiflorum .</p><p>Tuber clasping, flattened to rounded, irregular, to 30 by 27 cm. Surface brown, usually sparsely bearded with flexible, slightly recurved spines. Entrance holes scattered, of two types, conical to 4 mm, or funnel-like and irregular. Stems several to numerous, branching freely, erect to upcurving, to 40 by 0.8 cm. Internodes to 7 cm when sterile, 0.5–3 cm when fertile. Leaves erect to spreading. Lamina elliptic, 3 by 1 to 11.4 by 4 cm; apex rounded to acute; base tapered, attenuate; midrib prominent below; veins 4–6; leathery. Petiole 0–1 cm; stipules rounded, to 0.2 cm, with a short, recurved central process to 0.1 cm, which is contiguous with stem ridge; caducous. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, solitary, shortly pedunculate, to 1.5 cm. Bracts to 1 mm papery, more or less persistent. Flowers [6] heterogamous. Calyx 4-cuspidate or entire, to 1 mm. Corolla tube 10–18 mm; lobes elliptic to rounded, 2.5–4 mm; uncus &lt;1 mm; entirely glabrous within. Anthers exserted at mouth of corolla tube. In female-sterile flowers, anthers 1.5–2 mm, containing 4-colpate pollen, 74–94 μm, wall 7.5 μm thick, reticulation coarse, brochi 6–12 μm across, with fine spines within reticulations. In male-sterile flowers anthers 0.5–1 mm, containing no pollen, stigma exserted, capitate, broadly 4-lobed, to 1.5 mm across. Disc prominent to 1 mm above level of calyx, persistent in fruit. Fruit turbinate, flattened, to 7 by 4 mm; with prominent disc at apex; siccate; green and pink or red in colour when ripe. Pyrenes wedge-shaped, to 5 by 2 mm, blunt and rounded at apex, truncate and flattened at base.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Mangroves to montane forest, sea level to 900 m. Usually ant-inhabited, with about 50 % of individual tubers occupied by the ant species Philidris nagasau Mann.</p><p>Distribution — Fiji Islands (Viti Levu, Ovalau and Vanua Levu).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). This species is found on three islands, with herbarium specimens indicating eight locations (subpopulations) and an AOO of 76 km 2 (using a cell width of 2 km). Other information: georeferenced collections 21, EOO on Viti Levu 1 900 km 2.</p><p>Notes — Squamellaria wilkinsonii, as interpreted by Beccari (1884), with a cuspidate fruit, is regarded, by us, as an artefact of drying, and here synonymised with H. longiflorum . Smith (1988) has already reduced H. horneanum and S. tenuiflora, which were based on inconsequential differences in calyx shape and corolla length, respectively.</p><p>More regularly ant-inhabited than H. grandiflorum, this species is distinguished by having a tuber that is more usually (but not invariably) covered by numerous slender roots, a shorter corolla, that is quite glabrous within, and a flattened, turbinate fruit. Two of the taxa we recognise as synonymous with H. longiflorum – S. tenuiflora and S. wilkinsonii – have been transferred to Squamellaria by Chomicki &amp; Renner (2016). They indicated that they considered three taxa as possible synonyms of S. tenuiflora (Becc.) Chomicki, namely H. longiflorum, H. grandiflorum and H. horneanum . They did not make the specific transfer pending DNA sequences from the type specimens. However, the dates of publication for these taxa – H. longiflorum (1858), H. tenuiflorum (1884), H. grandiflorum (1884) and H. horneanum (1884) – leaves no doubt that the name H. longiflorum has priority and is therefore used here.</p><p>The misspelling of the name H. borneanum, instead of H. horneanum, by Govaerts in the Kew Checklist for Rubiaceae (2015) has entered IPNI (2015) and The Plant List (2015), as pointed out by Low et al. (2016)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFED8120FC895CC47927FD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFEC8126FC895F7F7C3CFE87.text	03FBBD64FFEC8126FC895F7F7C3CFE87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squamellaria guppyana (Becc.) Chomicki	<div><p>53. Squamellaria guppyana (Becc.) Chomicki — Fig. 56</p><p>Squamellaria guppyana (Becc.) Chomicki in Chomicki &amp; S.S.Renner (2016) 20; Hydnophytum guppyanum Becc. (1885) 133, t. 40 partim.; H.B.Guppy (1887) 297; Rech. (1913) 612; Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 25. — Type: Guppy s.n. partim. (lecto FI barcode FI008898; iso K, L), Solomon Islands, Shortland Island, Mar. 1884.</p><p>Hydnophytum hahlii Rech. (1912) 186; (1913) 612, t. 2, f. 3a; Merr. &amp; L.M. Perry (1945) 25. — Type: Rechinger 3552 (holo W), Bougainville, Djup, syn. nov.</p><p>Hydnophytum longipes Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 23. — Type: Kajewski 1571 (lectotype selected here A; iso BRI), Bougainville, Kieta, 21 Mar. 1930, syn. nov.</p><p>Tuber oblong-ovoid; 30 by 15 cm; pendent to clasping (on vertical trunks); fawn to deep brown in colour. Entrance holes numerous; 0.2–0.4 cm diam; arranged in concentric circles about long axis of tuber; in some tubers occluded by corky plugs; often with 1 or more large, funnel-like openings along side of tuber to 2 by 5 cm. Roots numerous on substrate side of tuber, and around base of stem. Cavities pale to dark-walled, some chambers with root-like warts in clusters, 1–2 mm long. Stems several, to 3 m; little branched. Internodes 1–13 cm, with a prominent ridge descending from below stipule on each side of stem. Bark grey, green towards apex. Leaves lax, drying thin. Lamina lanceolate, ovate or obovate; 5.5 by 2 to 20 by 11 cm; apex blunt to acute; base attenuate; dark green, somewhat brittle. Petiole 0–1 cm, usually winged throughout; stipules triangular, acuminate to 0.3 cm. Inflorescence solitary, initially terminal, becoming axillary; pseudodichotomously branched; primary peduncle to 6 by 0.5 cm, winged, with 2(–4) secondary, dichotomously branching axes, these up to 10 cm in length; main axis continuing with up to 2 further branch points. Flowers [27] heterostylous. Calyx 1.5 mm, as long as disc. Corolla tube 3 mm, widest near base, with a ring of hairs in corolla mouth; lobes to 2.5 mm, fully reflexed in open flower, uncus 0.5 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1.5 mm; exserted from corolla mouth; filaments to 2 mm; pollen 37–47 (43) μm, wall 3.75 μm thick, brochi 1 μm, pores 9–12 μm across, vesicles very small; style 2 mm, stigma within corolla tube, 2-lobed. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1 mm; below corolla mouth, filaments to 0.5 mm; pollen 31–41 (37) μm; style 3.5 mm, stigma exserted. Fruit obovoid, 8 by 4 mm, with prominent calyx and disc remains. Pyrenes obovoid to oblong; to 5.5 by 2.5 cm; flattened dorsoventrally; apically rounded; base rounded to tapered, abaxial face with a longitudinal ridge.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Common throughout the Solomon Islands in mangrove swamps, riverside forest etc., sea level to 600 m. Often ant-inhabited, by a extensive range of ant species, but some cavities capable of collecting rainwater.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Bougainville),Solomon Islands (Shortland, Choiseul, New Georgia group, Kolombangara, Santa Isabel, Guadalcanal and San Cristobal).</p><p>Conservation status — Least Concern (LC). This species is found on seven islands with a geographical spread of 700 km. Other information: georeferenced collections 20, AOO 80 km 2 (using a cell width of 2 km), EOO 62 100 km 2.</p><p>Notes — Beccari described this species from a Guppy collection, which is unfortunately a mixture of two species – the tuber collected by Guppy, and illustrated by Beccari (1885: t. 40: 1) is that of S. kajewskii [54]. All other material is of S. guppyana, and there is no confusion in the original diagnosis.</p><p>The inflorescence is remarkable in its resemblance to that of a Psychotria species. It arises terminally, is solitary, and has a pseudodichotomously branching peduncle. Beccari was convinced that the specimens he examined must have lost the opposite inflorescence of the pair, which would otherwise, as he pointed out, have been identical to a Psychotria (Beccari 1885: 135) . He was anxious enough to have even got the draftsperson to tentatively add the base of the ‘missing’ inflorescence in the plate (Beccari 1885: t. 40: 2). Squamellaria kajewskii shares this inflorescence structure, although in this latter species the size and degree of branching is much reduced.</p><p>The corky plugs that occlude the entrance holes in some tubers are unique in the subtribe. It appears that this makes the tuber cavities water-tight in some individuals, and may allow a tuber not occupied by an ant-colony to act as a water-collecting organ. The tuber-cavity structure comprises encircling chambers that girdle the tuber, with rings of entrance holes that form encircling lines on the tuber surface. This morphology is identical to that seen in the Fijian Squamellaria species and lends weight to the decision by Chomicki &amp; Renner (2016) to place this species in the latter genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFEC8126FC895F7F7C3CFE87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFEA8125FFD05D077F30FECF.text	03FBBD64FFEA8125FFD05D077F30FECF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squamellaria kajewskii (Merr. & L. M. Perry) Chomicki	<div><p>54. Squamellaria kajewskii (Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry) Chomicki — Fig. 57, 58</p><p>Squamellaria kajewskii (Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry) Chomicki in Chomicki &amp; Renner (2016) 20; Hydnophytum kajewskii Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (1945) 25. — Type: Kajewski 1716 (lectotype A; iso BM, BO, BRI, G, P), Bougainville, Kupei Gold Field, 14 Apr. 1930.</p><p>Tuber scaphoid, with a flattened to sunken upper surface, and a broad, keeled, swollen and bellying lower surface; obovate from above, and triangular-obovate to cordate in transverse section; to 19 cm long, 12 cm wide and 10 cm deep. Initial tuber (basal) cylindrical, with small lipped entrance holes 1–4 mm diam in a row along each side. Initially horizontal, ascending and becoming almost vertical, and then thickening greatly, and becoming triangular in section with a flattened dorsal surface, before turning sharply downwards and horizontal once more. Mature part of tuber with 2 rows of prominently lipped entrance holes along upper, outer edges, 1–2.5 cm diam, and 1 cm apart, with lips to 0.5 cm thick, pointing outwards to downwards. Older tubers may loose this symmetry and become more rotund with additional rows of entrance holes. Tuber surface smooth, dark-brown, dull, with small roots and tubercle-like swellings, especially on upper surface and towards base; keel with very slight corrugations corresponding to cavities within. Entrance holes each giving rise to a transverse warted chamber, and paired to an entrance hole on the opposite side of tuber; each chamber having 2 entrance holes. Cavity walls dark in upper parts, pale below; warted throughout, warts root-like in clusters of 2–5, most numerous above, on dark-coloured walls. Stems several, arising from a common stock; to 80 by 0.3 cm; branching; older stems with annular furrows, younger stems drying ridged, dark-brown to black. Internodes 0.5–7 cm in length, generally shortest towards shoot apex, nodes swollen.A pair of rounded ridges descending from stipules. Leaves sessile. Lamina subrotund, 2 by 1.2 to 4 by 3 cm; apex acute to blunt; base blunt to cordate; midrib prominent below, less so above; veins 5–7 prominent above and below. New leaves white to very pale green, when mature medium green, upper surface dull, lower surface with a slight sheen; drying dark green above, pale below, new leaves drying translucent. Stipules acuminate to 0.1 cm, persistent. Inflorescence solitary, pedunculate; initially terminal, becoming axillary, slightly offset to petiole. Peduncle to 2.5 by 0.2 cm; flattened; with two narrow and opposite ridges; with two, or rarely three, terminal, flower-bearing branches. Occasionally a single flower may be borne at centre of branch point. Side branches are narrow at their base, to 0.1 cm, becoming thicker above to c. 0.25 cm diam, when fertile. Flowers produced sequentially from individual sections of this peduncle, bracts minute. Flowers [8] heterostylous. Calyx to 1.5 mm, entire. Corolla tube 9 mm long, with a broad ring of hairs to 2 mm in breadth at mouth; lobes to 3 by 1 mm, recurved in open flower, uncus to 0.5 mm. Short-styled flowers with anthers to 1 mm, exserted; filaments to 3 mm; pollen 53–60(–69) μm, walls c. 4.4 μm thick, brochi 1 μm, pores 15–23 μm across; style 7 mm in length, stigma 2-fid, below mouth of tube. Long-styled flowers with anthers to 1 mm; within mouth of corolla tube; filaments &lt;0.5 mm; pollen 47–53 (51) μm, walls c. 3.75 μm thick, pores 11–16 μm, reticulation fine, brochi to 1 μm, lacking vesicles; stigma 2-fid, well exserted from mouth, stigma 2-fid, papillose. Fruit flattened turbinate; to 9 by 5 mm; with prominent calyx remains; red, with distinct white lines when ripe. Pyrenes obovoid, to 7 by 2.5 mm; apex rounded, base tapered.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Ants have been recorded in certain collection notes, but are not present in the tubers which collect rainwater (being water-filled when collected, MHPJ pers. obs.). Although the cavity openings do not appear ideally suited for this (they point sideways or downwards, and have a large swollen lip), there seems little doubt they function as such. Cockroaches are commonly found in these cavities along with their egg cases. The species is found in similar habitats to S. guppyana, but tends to be observed higher in the canopy.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Bougainville), Solomon Islands (Santa Isabel).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab(iii) +2ab(iii). This species is found on Bougainville with a single outlier on Santa Isabel island 500 km away. The Bougainville collections represent five locations (subpopulations) and taken alone they have an AOO (using an auto-value cell width of 5 km) of 112 km 2 and an EOO of 270 km 2. Other information EOO 7 500 km 2.</p><p>Notes — The tuber of this species is unique in its bilateral symmetry, having no parallel within the Hydnophytinae . However, with age the tuber acquires a more irregular appearance and looses its strikingly scaphoid form. It is commonly found growing with S. guppyana [53] from which it can be distinguished by its tuber, its smaller, more slender stems, smaller leaves, and its smaller, less-branched inflorescence, with long slender flowers.As a consequence, it is no surprise that Guppy collected both species as a mixed collection (see notes under S. guppyana).</p><p>The cavity architecture of this species and S. guppyana have much in common, even though externally they are quite unalike. Both have a series of independent transverse cavities, each of which is added apically to the tuber. Each of these cavities comprises a broad chamber occupying almost the entire breadth of the tuber, from this arise narrow, tubular tunnels which run towards the tuber base (Jebb 1985, 1991a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFEA8125FFD05D077F30FECF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE98125FC895FD47851F8FF.text	03FBBD64FFE98125FC895FD47851F8FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum angustifolium Merr.	<div><p>a. Hydnophytum angustifolium Merr.</p><p>Hydnophytum angustifolium Merr. (1908) 162. — Types: Clemens s.n., May, June 1907, April 1906 (PNH not seen, presumed lost), Philippines, Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithly; Copeland s.n., March 1905 (PNH not seen, presumed lost),Philippines,District of Zamboanga, San Ramon, March 1905.</p><p>Description taken from Merrill (1908): “ Tuber irregular, at least 15 cm diameter, brown or greyish, unarmed. Stems several, diffusely branched, slender at least 60 cm long grey or brown, the branches elongate, brown furfuraceous and angled when young. Leaves lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate, 5 by 0.6 to 10 by 1.8 cm, base and apex gradually narrowed, tip acute or blunt; midrib prominent beneath, lateral veins obscure, leathery; pale green when dry, somewhat shining. Petiole ± absent. Inflorescence slightly raised. Calyx 1 mm, truncate. Corolla 2 mm, slight ring of hairs at the middle. Anthers 0.7 mm. Style 1.2 mm. Fruit to 10 mm long, about 4 mm wide at base gradually narrowed upwards, red, somewhat fleshy.”</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Unknown.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Mindanao).</p><p>Note — Originally distinguished by its narrow leaves and elongate fruits. We have seen none of the material mentioned by Merrill, which may be lost, and are therefore unable to give a view of the tenability of this species with regard to H. moseleyanum [14], H. formicarum [1] or most especially H. puffii [2]. The taxon appears to differ from the latter species in the combination of furfuraceous twigs, obscure secondary veins, a sparse ring of hairs in the corolla and a narrow fruit. Satellite imagery suggests that forest still survives near the type locality so recollecting the taxon would probably be feasible.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE98125FC895FD47851F8FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE98125FFD05DCF7969FCE8.text	03FBBD64FFE98125FFD05DCF7969FCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squamellaria vanuatuensis Jebb & C. R. Huxley	<div><p>55. Squamellaria vanuatuensis Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley — Fig. 59</p><p>Squamellaria vanuatuensis Jebb &amp; C.R.Huxley in Chomicki &amp; S.S.Renner (2016) 17. — Type: G. McPherson, M. Tuiwawa, &amp; R. Rigault 19437 (holo PVNH; iso MO, NOU, P, SUVA), Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo Island, West coast of Cumberland Peninsula above village of Penarouf, 17 Nov. 2006 .</p><p>Etymology. For the type locality.</p><p>Tuber flattened, to 40 cm across, red-brown in colour. Cavities relatively large. Stems several, to 60 by 0.2–0.5 cm. Internodes 1.5–5 cm. Lamina ovate; 4 by 2.2 to 5.5 by 3.3 cm; apex acute; base rounded; succulent; pale green; venation obscure, 6 or 7. Petiole 2 cm; stipules to 0.15 cm, rounded, papery, caducous. Inflorescence paired, sessile, covered by papery, triangular bracts to 1 cm in length, forming a mass 1.5 cm across. Flowers [1]?heterostylous. Calyx 4-dentate, 3 mm, teeth to 1 mm. Corolla in bud 2.5 mm overall.Anthers 1.2 mm. Pollen 3-colpate, 57.5 μm across; reticulation medium, brochi 1–2 μm. Stigma 2-fid, above level of anthers. Fruit and pyrenes unknown.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest.</p><p>Distribution — Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo Island, Maewo,Pentecost, Efate and Erromanga islands).</p><p>Conservation status — Near Threatened (NT). This species is found on five of the islands of Vanuatu. These islands are still covered by some 75 % forest cover and conservation at community level is a high government priority. Other information: AOO 847 km 2 (using an auto-value cell width of 11 km).</p><p>Additional specimens examined. L. Bernardi 13238 (G), Erromanga, in the vicinity of the Nouankao Camp, 5 Aug. 1971; Green in RSNH 1274 (K), S18°54' E169°11', Erromanga; Morrison s.n. (K), Efate, summit of Mt Macdonald, Undine Bay; P. Cabalion 2731 (P), Efate, Mt McDonald; Bourdy 532 (K) Maewo, Saritamita; P. Cabalion 2528 (P), Pentecoste, Eikol.</p><p>Note — This species is geographically isolated. Although superficially similar to H. mayuense [32], it differs in its short petiole, and pale-coloured, delicate bracts. Bourdy 532 (K), which was intended to be the type, has been annotated as ‘ Hydnophytum vanuatuense ’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE98125FFD05DCF7969FCE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE98124FC895B1F7C9BFDDB.text	03FBBD64FFE98124FC895B1F7C9BFDDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum stenophyllum Valeton	<div><p>b. Hydnophytum stenophyllum Valeton</p><p>Hydnophytum stenophyllum Valeton (1927) 140. — Type: Schlechter 18173 (K not seen, presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, Finisterre Mts.</p><p>Description taken from Valeton (1927): “ Tuber ? Stem? Branch apices slender acute-quadrangular internodes short (10–20 mm) nodes not at all swollen (2–5 mm thick). Leaves less than subsessile (petiole 1–2 mm), linear-lanceolate (4–9 by 0.5–1.4 cm) often slightly falcate gradually acute to apex, base attenuate and acute, softly coriaceous, margin strongly recurved, midrib prominent below, sunken above, veins inconspicuous. Flowers minute in axils, scarcely congregated, bracts small glabrous not encasing inflorescence. Calyx cupuliform, short. Fruit flask-shaped (4.5 mm long), calyx remains coronate. Pyrenes lanceolate-ovate (3 by 1 mm); apex attenuate-acute.”</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Unknown.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Madang Province).</p><p>Note — Amongst the Valeton archive material at Leiden there was no drawing of H. stenophyllum, so the description is all that is available. The leaf and quadrangular stem would suggest a relationship to H. linearifolium [49], but the inflorescence appears to be sessile and not pedunculate, in this respect it is similar to H. virgatum below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE98124FC895B1F7C9BFDDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE88124FFD05EFE7DC8FB91.text	03FBBD64FFE88124FFD05EFE7DC8FB91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum subsessile Valeton	<div><p>c. Hydnophytum subsessile Valeton</p><p>Hydnophytum subsessile Valeton (1927) 142. — Type: Lauterbach 3164 (B not seen, presumed lost), Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Description taken from Valeton (1927):“ Tuber 9 cm diam.Branches thick (8 mm), bark smooth. Leaves subsessile, obtuse-obovate, base rounded. Inflorescences sessile.”</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Unknown.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Sepik Province).</p><p>Note — This species is only very sparsely described in Valeton (1927), and there are no manuscript drawings. We have not seen the type, and the description is inadequate to identify it with a known taxon. There are no further details to a location.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE88124FFD05EFE7DC8FB91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE88124FFD058357875FD0D.text	03FBBD64FFE88124FFD058357875FD0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum virgatum Valeton	<div><p>d. Hydnophytum virgatum Valeton</p><p>Hydnophytum virgatum Valeton (1927) 143. — Types: Ledermann 11646, 11701, 11849 (B not seen, presumed lost), Papua New Guinea,East Sepik Province, Schrader Mountains.</p><p>Description taken from Valeton (1927): “ Tuber small, singlestemmed? Branches long and slender, little branched, bark thick, black, branches sharply tetragonal, newest branches flattened (internodes 60 by 2–4 mm). Stipules minute, ovate. Leaves short-petiolate (3–6 mm); lamina narrow-lanceolate (5–9 by 1.5–2 cm), base and apex attenuate-acute, rigid subcoriaceous, olive-green when dry, midrib prominent below, sunken above, remainder veinless. Flowers in cushion-like or tuberculate, sessile, minute aggregations. Bracts inconspicuous, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, short, disc overtopping it. Corolla tube about twice as long as calyx (3.5 mm overall), petals spreading and recurved a little from tube. From throat to insertion of anthers densely hairy, these shortly erect above, exserted from throat, spreading below.Anthers exserted, anthers and filaments equally long. Submature drupes oblong-ovate (4 mm), calyx coronate. Pyrenes ovoid, 3.5 by 1.75 mm, flattened, abaxial surface convex; apex obtuse; base rounded.”</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Forest, at 2 070 m.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea, Schrader Mts.</p><p>Note — We have not seen the specimens mentioned by Valeton, and have been unable to satisfactorily understand this species. In its narrow leaves and sessile inflorescence, it matches H. stenophyllum, another little known species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE88124FFD058357875FD0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE88124FC895EB179EFFB02.text	03FBBD64FFE88124FC895EB179EFFB02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum zippelianum Becc.	<div><p>e. Hydnophytum zippelianum Becc.</p><p>Hydnophytum zippelianum Becc (1885) 174, t. 54: 8–11. — Type: Zippelius s.n. (L), New Guinea?</p><p>Base tuberous? Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, 8 by 2.1 cm, apex and base attenuate-acute, petiole 0.6–0.9 cm. Inflorescence sessile in axils. Corolla lobes long. Flower illustrated in Beccari (1885: t. 54).</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Unknown.</p><p>Note — Type locality uncertain, possibly New Guinea. This species is illustrated by Beccari, and we have seen the Zippel collection, however, since the locality is dubious, and it equates to no other species, we have left it as little known. Interestingly H. stenophyllum, H. virgatum and H. sp.1, three other little known species share the combination of narrow leaf and sessile or shortly pedunculate inflorescence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE88124FC895EB179EFFB02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
03FBBD64FFE8815BFC8958827F72FDD0.text	03FBBD64FFE8815BFC8958827F72FDD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnophytum undefined-1	<div><p>f. Hydnophytum sp. 1 — Fig. 60</p><p>Tuber unknown. Stem to 60 cm or more; internodes to 3–7 by 0.2–0.6 cm. Lamina lanceolate, ± falcate; 10 by 1.3 to 15 by 2.6 cm; apex acute-acuminate, base cuneate; midrib prominent below, veins c. 8 each side; coriaceous in texture, stipules unknown; petiole 1–1.3 cm. Inflorescence paired, pedunculate; to 4 mm long. Flower [1], calyx 1.5 mm, entire at same level as disc; corolla tube 2.5 mm, lobes narrow, 2.5 mm long, a ring of hairs within the mouth of the tube 1 mm broad; anthers 2.5 mm long, exserted. Pollen 53 µm diam, reticulation large, brochi 3–4 µm, lacking vesicles; style scarcely exserted from tube. Fruit to 4 by 3 mm with prominent calyx remains.</p><p>Ecology &amp; Habitat — Unknown.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia, West Papua Province, Manokwari, middle Legari R., Janowski 68 (L).</p><p>Note — Only the single collection is known. The combination of petiolate, lanceolate leaves and shortly pedunculate inflorescences fits no other species, and Valeton prepared a manuscript name ‘falcatum’. The paucity of the available material makes us cautious to establish a new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBBD64FFE8815BFC8958827F72FDD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jebb, M. H. P.;Huxley, C. R.	Jebb, M. H. P., Huxley, C. R. (2019): The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64: 23-91, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.01.02
