identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FB87482476D31862C7BC120611FAFC.text	03FB87482476D31862C7BC120611FAFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey 1874	<div><p>Subgenus Xenochara Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1874</p><p>Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1874: 344 (original description).</p><p>Type species: Aleochara decorata Aubé, 1850 (= Aleochara puberula Klug, 1832), fixed by monotypy.</p><p>Comments. Eight species are known in this genus from Japan (present study); 216 species worldwide (Newton, 2025). See Klimaszewski (1984) for detailed synonymy, diagnosis, and description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB87482476D31862C7BC120611FAFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Maruyama, Munetoshi;Nozaki, Tsubasa;Kamezawa, Hiromu	Maruyama, Munetoshi, Nozaki, Tsubasa, Kamezawa, Hiromu (2025): Description of Aleochara (Xenochara) ichikawai sp. nov., the first confirmed myrmecophilous species of Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 from the East Palearctic Region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 5666 (3): 437-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03FB87482476D31C62C7BD5B0731FF07.text	03FB87482476D31C62C7BD5B0731FF07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aleochara (Xenochara) ichikawai Maruyama, Nozaki & Kamezawa 2025	<div><p>Aleochara (Xenochara) ichikawai Maruyama, Nozaki &amp; Kamezawa, sp. nov.</p><p>[Japanese name: Kusaari-higebuto-hanekakushi]</p><p>“ Aleochara (Xenochara) fumata ”: Maruyama, 2001, 486 (misidentification, first record from Japan).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. Kazuo Ichikawa, MD, in recognition of his longstanding support and generous contributions to the Maruyama Laboratory, Kyushu University.</p><p>Type series. Holotype, ♂, Kashi-onsen, Nishigô-mura, Fukushima-ken, Japan, 16 VI 1998, M. Maruyama (KUM). Paratypes, JAPAN: 3♂, 4♀, 9 sex?, same data as holotype (KUM); 1 sex?, Iwaki-san, Hyakuzawa-higashi, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori-ken, 25 VI 2023, T. Nozaki (KUM); 1♂, 3 sex?, Utsurugi-sawa, Yunishikawa, Kuriyamamura, Tochigi-ken, 2–4 VII 2009, H. Kamezawa (KUM); 4 sex?, Takiirinomine, Nippara, Okutama-machi, Tôkyô, Japan, 29 VII 2021, T. Nozaki (KUM); 4 sex?, between Isseki-yama and Ningyô-yama, Nippara, Okutama-machi, 5 VI 2007, H. Kamezawa (KUM); 9 sex?, Nabedaira, Kamizaka, Okuhida-onsengô, Takayama-shi, Gifu-ken, 30 VI 2013, K. Kinomura (KUM); RUSSIA: 2 sex?, Kamenushka, Ussuryisk, Primorskyi krai, 28 V 2005, M. Maruyama (MMLASRUS-10) (KUM); 4 sex?, Buhka Vityaz, Poluostrov Gamov, Khasanskyi, Primorskyi krai, 31 V 2005, M. Maruyama (MMLASRUS-16) (KUM); 3♂, 3♀, 145 sex?, same data but 31 V 2005 (MMLASRUS-19) (KUM, IBSS, NHM, NHMW); 29 sex?, same data but 31 V 2005 (MMLASRUS-20) (KUM); 1 sex?, Okeanskaya, Vladivostok, Primorskyi krai, 1 VI 2005, M. Maruyama (MMLASRUS-23) (KUM); 1 sex?, Kravtzovka, Nadezhdinskyi, Primorskyi krai, 1 VI 2005, M. Maruyama (MMLASRUS-24) (KUM). All specimens were collected from nests of Lasius fuji Radchenko, 2005 (species-complex), a member of the Lasius fuliginosus species group, except for the Utsurugi-sawa specimens, which were collected from a nest of L. spathepus Wheeler, 1910, and the Okeanskaya specimen from L. nipponensis Forel, 1912 .</p><p>Examined specimens for comparison. Aleochara fumata: UKRAINE: 1♂, Transcarpathian oblast, Tyachivskiy dist., Shirokiy Lug vil., 13 VII 2010, A. V. Gontarenko ; 1♂, 3♀, 2 sex?, Ivano-Frankivsk dist., Sheshorny env., VII 2014, A. V. Gontarenko ; GERMANY: 2 females, Mark Brandenburg, Spree-Neisse-Kreis, Greifenhainer Fliess, 17-31 VII 1999, R. Eichler. (all from NHMW, ex V. Assing collection) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Within the Palearctic species of the subgenus Xenochara, this species is most similar to Aleochara fumata in general appearance and the shape of the spermatheca, having a constriction at the apical 1/3 of the basal part. However, it differs from A. fumata in having a paler body coloration and a distinctly different structure of the median lobe of the aedeagus, particularly in the shapes of the apex of the apical lobe and the apical and subapical sclerites of the internal sac, and the length of the flagellum (See, Figs. 13–16, and Table 1). The new species also resembles A. castaneipennis Mannerheim, 1843 and A. moerens Gyllenhal, 1827 in the structure of the median lobe of the aedeagus, but can be readily distinguished from both by the clearly different shape of the spermatheca. For detailed illustrations of A. fumata, A. castaneipennis, and A. moerens, see Klimaszewski et al. (2017: Fig. 10) and Klimaszewski (1984: Figs. 78, 80).</p><p>1802.</p><p>Description. Body sub-parallel, length 3.8–5.1 mm. Color yellowish brown to brown; elytra yellowish brown but laterally infuscate; antennae and legs reddish brown. Microsculpture of forebody and abdomen fine. fingerprintlike, sculpticells flat (Figs. 2, 3, 5). Head almost circular; surface finely punctate and moderately covered with long setae; eyes large, 0.44 times as long as head; antennal segments V–X strongly transverse (Fig. 1); segment XI longer than IX and X combined. Pronotum (Fig. 1) 1.3 times as wide as long; surface (Fig. 2) finely punctate and moderately covered with long setae. Elytra (Fig.1) widest around apical 1/3, with 4 or 5 lateral macrosetae that are moderate in length; surface (Fig. 3) finely punctate and moderately covered with long setae, each base with verted V-shaped sculpture. Mesoventrite process (Fig. 4) completely carinae from base to apex, with rather coarse microsculptures. Abdomen (Fig. 1) sub-parallel, moderately covered with long setae, each base (Fig. 5) rather largely concave (punctate) depending on the size of the seta.</p><p>Male: tergite VIII (Fig. 6) truncate and shallowly emarginate apically; sternite VIII (Fig. 7) slightly, roundly produced apically; median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 9) with tubus arcuate and sinuate in apical half, apex of tubus bent ventrad; subapical sclerites of internal sac (Fig. 9a: arrow) in lateral view with acute apex that is upturned; median lobe in dorsal view (Figs. 10, 10a) as illustrated. Paramere (Fig. 11) with apical lobe parallelsided, obtuse at apex.</p><p>Female: tergite VIII (Fig. 8) truncate, slightly emarginate and serrate apically; spermatheca (Fig. 12) L-shaped, capsule spherical at apex; opening of spermathecal gland thick.</p><p>Measurements. FBL, ca. 1.50–2.00; HW, 0.50–0.66; PW, 1.05–1.13; PL, 0.63–0.85; EW, 1.12–1.28; EL, 0.78–0.88; HTL, 0.65–0.73 (n=5; in millimeters).</p><p>Variations. The body size is variable, and—as in other species of Aleochara —very small individuals are occasionally observed. No notable geographic differences were observed between the Japanese and Russian Far Eastern populations, including in the distinctive shape of the apex of the median lobe.</p><p>Biology. Adults of the present species have been observed walking around the entrances of nests of the Lasius fuliginosus species group. When encountering ants, they either exhibit appeasement behavior by directing their abdomen toward the ants, in a manner similar to that observed in species of the genus Pella Stephens, 1835, or quickly flee (Hölldobler et al., 1981; Maruyama, 2006). The larval stage remains unknown; however, fly larvae are commonly found in the vicinity of L. fuliginosus species group nests, suggesting that the larvae of this species may parasitize dipteran puparia. Adult feeding behavior has not been directly observed, but as with members of Pella and Homoeusa Kraatz, 1856, they likely feed on dead ants or food refuse left behind by the host ants.</p><p>Remarks. Our examination of the Japanese specimens of Xenochara available to us did not reveal the presence of true A. fumata . Therefore, we exclude A. fumata from the Japanese fauna. In addition, A. fumata was reported from China (Xinjiang) by Pace (1993), but this record may in fact refer to A. ichikawai, and should be reexamined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB87482476D31C62C7BD5B0731FF07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Maruyama, Munetoshi;Nozaki, Tsubasa;Kamezawa, Hiromu	Maruyama, Munetoshi, Nozaki, Tsubasa, Kamezawa, Hiromu (2025): Description of Aleochara (Xenochara) ichikawai sp. nov., the first confirmed myrmecophilous species of Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 from the East Palearctic Region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 5666 (3): 437-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
