identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC1258FFD1341DFCDBFDB4FDFAFAE8.text	03FC1258FFD1341DFCDBFDB4FDFAFAE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diaulula Bergh 1878	<div><p>Diaulula Bergh, 1878</p><p>Diaulula Bergh, 1878: 567 .</p><p>Type species: Doris sandiegensis Cooper, 1863, by monotypy.</p><p>Anisodoris Bergh, 1898: 508 .</p><p>Type species: Doris punctuolata d’ Orbigny, 1837, by subsequent designation by O’ Donoghue (1926).</p><p>Diagnosis. Body flexible. Dorsum covered with elongate caryophyllidia. Caryophyllidia with small lateral cilia. Rhinophoral and branchial sheaths low. Prostate flattened, with two portions. Penis and vagina unarmed. Labial cuticle smooth. Radular teeth hamate and smooth.</p><p>Remarks. Very little is known about the biology of species of Diaulula . Bergh (1878) introduced the genus Diaulula Bergh, 1878 based on Doris sandiegensis Cooper, 1863, originally described by Cooper (1863). The main characteristics of this genus are the presence of a villous, silky dorsum, anterior border of the foot notched and grooved, tripinnate branchial leaves, absence of jaws, presence of a large prostate and penis unarmed.</p><p>The genus Anisodoris Bergh, 1898 was described as a member of the family Archidorididae, which differs from the “typical” archidoridids by the presence of a larger prostate (Bergh 1898). In the short diagnosis of this genus, Bergh (1898) also indicated that the penis is unarmed, and that this feature separates Anisodoris from Homoiodoris Bergh, 1880 (originally described by Bergh, 1880). The genus Anisodoris was based on several species, including Anisodoris punctuolata (d’ Orbigny, 1837), Anisodoris oariolata (d’ Orbigny, 1837), Anisodoris marmorata Bergh, 1898, and Anisodoris tessellata Bergh, 1898 (originally described by d’ Orbigny, 1835 -46 [1837] and Bergh, 1898). Subsequently O’ Donoghue (1926) selected A. punctuolata to be the type species.An anatomical examination of newly collected specimens of A. puctuolata showed that it has the same features as members of Diaulula (see Valdés &amp; Gosliner 2001), and these two genus names are synonyms.The genus name Anisodoris has been used to include species with large, simple dorsal tubercles (Millen 1982; Schrödl 1997, 2000) that do not fit the characteristics of the type species. Most of the species previously assigned to Anisodoris probably belong to the genera Peltodoris Bergh, 1880 or Archidoris Bergh, 1878 so at this point it is not possible to provide a complete list of the species in this genus. Both Peltodoris and Archidoris differ from Diaulula by lacking caryophyllidia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1258FFD1341DFCDBFDB4FDFAFAE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdés, Ángel;Bertsch, Hans	Valdés, Ángel, Bertsch, Hans (2010): Two new species of dorid nudibranchs from the Gulf of California (Mar de Cortés), Baja California, Mexico. Spixiana 33 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16851049
03FC1258FFD1341EFCF8FE54FCF7FDB5.text	03FC1258FFD1341EFCF8FE54FCF7FDB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Discodorididae Bergh 1891	<div><p>Discodorididae Bergh, 1891</p><p>Discodorididae Bergh, 1891: 129 .</p><p>Type genus: Discodoris Bergh, 1877 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1258FFD1341EFCF8FE54FCF7FDB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdés, Ángel;Bertsch, Hans	Valdés, Ángel, Bertsch, Hans (2010): Two new species of dorid nudibranchs from the Gulf of California (Mar de Cortés), Baja California, Mexico. Spixiana 33 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16851049
03FC1258FFD23419FF36FA73FF21FA86.text	03FC1258FFD23419FF36FA73FF21FA86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diaulula nivosa Valdés & Bertsch 2010	<div><p>Diaulula nivosa spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 2A, 3, 4</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.53833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.042833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.53833/lat 29.042833)">Punta la Gringa</a>, Bahía de los Ángeles, Gulf of California, Baja California, México (29°02.57'N; 113°32.3'W), 23 July 1995, 1.8 m depth, 17 mm long alive, leg. Hans Bertsch (LACM 3029).</p><p>External morphology. The body is oval to elongate (Fig. 2A), with the posterior end of the foot covered by the mantle. The dorsum is covered with caryophyllidia about 150 µm long (Fig. 3D). Most of the caryophyllidia of the preserved holotype were partially deformed, probably due to preservation, but in some areas ciliated tubercles were clearly visible surrounded by a ring of spicules. The body is brownish orange with four black patches situated between the rhinophores and the gill, two on each side of the viscera hump. The caryophyllidia have a white apex, more conspicuous in those near the center of the dorsum. The rhinophoral sheaths are elevated and inflated. The rhinophores are the same color as the dorsum, with the apex white. The gill is composed of six tripinnate branchial leaves, which are pale gray to white.</p><p>The anterior border of the foot is grooved and notched(Fig.4B).Theoraltentaclesarelongandconical.</p><p>Anatomy. The labial cuticle is smooth. The radular formula is 16 ×27.0. 27 in the holotype (LACM 3029). Rachidian teeth are absent (Fig. 3A). The lateral teeth are hamate, having a single cusp and lacking denticles (Fig. 3B). The teeth increase their size gradually towards the medial portion of the half-row. The outermost teeth are also hamate and lacking denticles (Fig. 3C).</p><p>The reproductive system is triaulic (Fig. 4A). The ampulla is very long and convoluted. It narrows into the oviduct, which enters the female glands near their nidamental opening. The prostate is large and granular. It is divided into two different portions that are clearly distinguishable by their different texture and coloration. The deferent duct is long, and expands into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The deferent duct opens into a common atrium with the vagina. There are no penial hooks. The vagina is long and narrow. At its proximal end, the vagina connects to the large, oval bursa copulatrix. Another duct, which connects to the seminal receptacle and the uterine duct, leads from the bursa copulatrix. The bursa copulatrix is about five times as large as the seminal receptacle in volume (Fig. 4A).</p><p>Etymology. The species name nioosa is Latin for snowy, in reference to the frosty-looking white pigment on the dorsum of the living animal. It also commemorates a rare climatological event along the shores of the Sea of Cortez. On 3 April 1997, while driving to Punta la Gringa with Mike Miller and Paty Beller, the junior author saw snow on top of the mountains behind (immediately west of) the town of BLA.</p><p>Remarks. Diaulula nioosa has all the features characteristic of the genus Diaulula (see Valdés 2002), so it is regarded as a member of this taxon.</p><p>Diaulula nioosa is most similar to Diaulula sandiegensis (Cooper, 1863), which is distributed from Canada to the northern Pacific coast of Baja California (Cooper 1863; Behrens &amp; Valdés 2001). Diaulula sandiegensis has a variable background external coloration, from white to orange (Behrens &amp; Valdés 2001), but in all cases specimens have a series of dark rings on the dorsum. The rings may vary in number and coloration; in most specimens there are a few dorsal rings (between 4-8), which have a pale brown central area, whereas in northern specimens (from Canada) there are numerous small rings with a darker central area. In a few cases the central area of the rings is the same color as the rest of the dorsum.</p><p>The most distinctive features of D. nioosa are the presence of a number of small white spots on the dorsum that correspond to the apices of the caryophyllidia and the absence of rings. Internally, D. nioosa and D. sandiegensis differ in the absence of denticles on the outermost radular teeth in D. nioosa, but this characteristic is variable in D. sandiegensis .</p><p>The three other valid species of Diaulula found in the eastern Pacific are Diaulula punctuolata d’ Orbigny, 1837, Diaulula hispida (d’ Orbigny, 1837) and Diaulula oariolata (d’ Orbigny, 1837) from cold waters in South America (Chile and Argentina).</p><p>Odhner (1926) transferred Doris oestita Abraham, 1877 to the genus Diaulula . According to Schrödl (1996), this species is externally very similar to Diaulula punctuolata and only distinguishable by having a smaller prostate. The original description of D. oestita (Abraham, 1877) contains no anatomical information. The redescription by Odhner (1926) of this species resembles Diaulula punctuolata . The drawings of the reproductive system illustrated by Odhner (1926, fig. 77) for D. oestita are very similar to those in descriptions by Valdés &amp; Gosliner (2001, fig. 23) of D. punctuolata . Valdés &amp; Muniain (2002) regarded Diaulula oestita as a probable synonym of D. punctuolata, which was confirmed by Schrödl’s (2003) examination of the type of D. oestita .</p><p>Diaulula punctuolata and D. hispida clearly differ from the yellow-brown Diaulula nioosa in their external coloration. Illustrations of D. punctuolata and D. hispida by Schrödl (1996), showed that both are pale in coloration, the former is pale creamish-white with light brown spots and the latter is white or brownish. Both of them typically lack white pigment on the apex of the caryophyllidia, and have a more oval (wider) body.</p><p>Additionally, D. hispida is characterized by having a dorsal longitudinal ridge, which is unique to members of the genus Atagema J. E. Gray in M. E. Gray, 1850 (Valdés &amp; Gosliner 2001). Bergh (1898) and Odhner (1926) transferred this species to the genus Trippa Bergh, 1877 on the basis of the presence of the dorsal ridge. The original descriptions of Atagema and Trippa (J. E. Gray in M. E. Gray 1842 -50 [1850], and Bergh 1877) contain limited information, but re-examination of the type species allowed Valdés &amp; Gosliner (2001) to synonymize these two taxa, Atagema being the senior name. Marcus (1959) considered that D. hispida fits better within the genus Diaulula, because of mouth morphology differences with species of Trippa . However, the drawings by Marcus (1959), showing a tubular prostate and a clear dorsal ridge, indicate the placement of Diaulula hispida within Atagema . Schrödl (2003) argued that despite these ambiguities, until more information is available, D. hispida may be retained within Diaulula .</p><p>Diaulula punctuolata was anatomically studied and illustrated by Valdés &amp; Gosliner (2001, figs 22-23) and a description is not repeated here. These authors concluded that this species has the same features as other members of Diaulula and it should be transferred to this genus. Since Doris punctuolata is the type species of Anisodoris, this genus name became a junior synonym of Diaulula .</p><p>Diaulula oariolata ranges in dorsal color from white to brownish (but not yellowish), often with numerous dark blotches. In further contrast to D. nioosa, it has larger-sized tubercles, white gills and rhinophores, and a pear-shaped receptaculum seminis (Schrödl 2003).</p><p>Diaulula greeleyi, originally described from Brazil (MacFarland 1909), was subsequently reported from several other Atlantic localities. Camacho-García &amp; Valdés (2003) regarded the eastern Pacific species Peltodoris nayarita Ortea &amp; Llera, 1981 as a synonym, based on the examination of specimens from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and revision of the original description (Ortea &amp; Llera 1981). Bertsch et al. (2000) reported its occurrence at Punta Eugenia, on the central Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula. Camacho-García &amp; Valdés (2003) also provided illustrations of the reproductive system and radula of this species based on Pacific material. Diaulula greeleyi differs from Diaulula nioosa, by having a darker background color, lacking dorsal rings on the dorsum, having unipinnate branchial leaves and having larger, more hooked-shaped outermost radular teeth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1258FFD23419FF36FA73FF21FA86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdés, Ángel;Bertsch, Hans	Valdés, Ángel, Bertsch, Hans (2010): Two new species of dorid nudibranchs from the Gulf of California (Mar de Cortés), Baja California, Mexico. Spixiana 33 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16851049
03FC1258FFD63419FF03FAA5FB80FB60.text	03FC1258FFD63419FF03FAA5FB80FB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peltodoris Bergh 1880	<div><p>Peltodoris Bergh, 1880</p><p>Peltodoris Bergh, 1880:41 .</p><p>Type species: Peltodoris atromaculata Bergh, 1880, by subsequent designation by O’ Donoghue (1929).</p><p>Phialodoris Bergh, 1889: 908 .</p><p>Type species: Phialodoris podotria Bergh, 1889, by monotypy.</p><p>Montereina MacFarland, 1905: 38 .</p><p>Type species: Montereina nobilis MacFarland, 1905, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsum covered with simple tubercles, stiffened by integumentary spicules, which occasionally protrude from the dorsal surface in an irregular fashion. Head with two conical oral tentacles. Anterior border of the foot grooved and notched. Labial armature smooth. Radula composed of simple, hamate teeth. The outermost teeth may be simple or denticulate. Reproductive system with a flattened, granular prostate, having two well differentiated regions. Penis and vagina devoid of hooks. Vestibular or accessory glands absent.</p><p>Remarks. Bergh (1880) described the genus Peltodoris based on Peltodoris atromaculata Bergh, 1880 . Peltodoris is characterized by having the dorsum covered with tubercles, finger-like oral tentacles, tripinnate gill, labial armature without jaws, radula with simple, hamate teeth, large prostate and penis and vagina unarmed. Bergh (1880) distinguished Peltodoris from Discodoris on the basis of the harder body consistency and especially because of the lack of jaws.</p><p>Eliot (1906) pointed out that Peltodoris differs from Discodoris just in lacking a labial armature (jaws) and it should be regarded as a subgenus of Discodoris . Later, Thompson (1975) synonymized Peltodoris with Discodoris with no justification. In the following years a few authors followed Thompson’ s authority and cited the type species of Peltodoris in the binomen Discodoris atromaculata (e.g., Cattaneo-Vietti et al. 1990). However, most authors maintained the usage of Peltodoris as a valid genus (Barletta 1981; Schmekel &amp; Portmann 1982; Perrone 1992).</p><p>The phylogenetic analysis of the cryptobranch dorid nudibranchs carried out by Valdés (2002) indicated that Discodoris and Peltodoris belong in two different clades, and therefore the genus Peltodoris was retained as valid. However, a critical review of the literature based on the new available information is necessary to determine how many species assigned to Discodoris are actual members of Peltodoris .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1258FFD63419FF03FAA5FB80FB60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdés, Ángel;Bertsch, Hans	Valdés, Ángel, Bertsch, Hans (2010): Two new species of dorid nudibranchs from the Gulf of California (Mar de Cortés), Baja California, Mexico. Spixiana 33 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16851049
03FC1258FFD63416FD17FAFAFF25FEEA.text	03FC1258FFD63416FD17FAFAFF25FEEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peltodoris rosae Valdés & Bertsch 2010	<div><p>Peltodoris rosae spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 2B, 5, 6</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.53833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.042833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.53833/lat 29.042833)">Punta la Gringa</a>, Bahía de los Ángeles, Gulf of California, Baja California, México (29°02.57 'N; 113°32.3 'W), 14 June 1996, 5.8 m depth, 66 mm long alive, leg. Hans Bertsch (LACM 3030).</p><p>External morphology. The body is wide and oval (Fig. 2B), with the posterior end of the foot covered by the mantle. The dorsum is covered with spiculose tubercles between 100-300 µm long (Fig. 5D). The body is grayish orange to pale brown. The dorsum is covered with a number of rounded patches distributed irregularly all over the surface. The largest patches are black with the center dark brown, whereas the smallest are pale brown with a darker line surrounding them. There are also a number of small opaque white spots distributed all over the mantle margin, and a few on the central notal area. The rhinophores are dark brown with the apex white. The gill is composed of 8 tripinnate branchial leaves, which are grayish orange.</p><p>The anterior border of the foot is grooved and notched (Fig. 6B). The oral tentacles are short and cylindrical with a rounded apex.</p><p>Anatomy. The labial cuticle is smooth. The radular formula is 29 ×40.0. 40 in the holotype (LACM 3030). Rachidian teeth are absent (Fig. 5A). The lateral teeth are hamate, having a single cusp and lacking denticles (Fig 5B). The teeth increase their size gradually towards the medial portion of the half-row. The outermost teeth are also hamate and lacking denticles (Fig. 5C).</p><p>The reproductive system is triaulic (Fig. 6A). The ampulla is long and curved. It enters the female glands near their nidamental opening. The prostate is long and granular. It is divided into two different portions that are clearly distinguishable by their different texture and coloration. The deferent duct is long, and expands into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The deferent duct opens into a common atrium with the vagina. There are no penial hooks. The vagina is long and narrow. At its distal end, the vagina has a series of vaginal glands; at its proximal end the vagina connects to the large and oval bursa copulatrix. Another duct, which connects to the seminal receptacle and the uterine duct, leads from the bursa copulatrix. The bursa copulatrix is about twenty times as large as the seminal receptacle in volume (Fig. 6A).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Rosa del Carmen Campay Villalobos, wife of HB, for her marvelous support and encouragement of his “nudibranching” in the Sea of Cortez, and her many hours of concerned and attentive shore watch while he was underwater.</p><p>Remarks. Peltodoris rosae has all the features characteristic of the genus Peltodoris (see Valdés 2002), so P. rosae is regarded as a member of this taxon.</p><p>The eastern Pacific species most similar to Peltodoris rosae is Peltodoris mullineri Millen &amp; Bertsch, 2000, originally described from California and the Pacific coast of Baja California (Millen &amp; Bertsch 2000). These two species have a yellowish background color with dark patches and yellowish tripinnate gills. However, the dorsal dark patches of P. mullineri are composed of aggregations of individual small spots, whereas the patches in P. rosae are solid colored. According to Millen &amp; Bertsch (2000), P. mullineri shows little variability, and the three specimens examined were virtually identical. Other external differences between these two species include the presence of white spots on the mantle margin of P. rosae and a higher body profile of P. mullineri . Anatomical differences include the presence of vaginal glands in P. rosae and the proportionally larger bursa copulatrix.</p><p>Peltodoris atromaculata, the type species of the genus Peltodoris, is a Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic species characterized by having a whitish to pale cream general color with a number of dark brown or black large patches distributed on the entire dorsum, and varying in shape and size (see Valdés 2002). This pattern is different from the yellowish background color with smaller brown patches surrounded by black pigment in P. rosae . Internally, the mid-lateral radular teeth of P. atromaculata are more elongated and curved and the innermost lateral teeth are much shorter. The reproductive system of P. atromaculata has a much longer deferent duct than that of P. rosae . Additionally, P. rosae has a vaginal gland that is absent in P. atromaculata .</p><p>Another species assigned with certainty to Peltodoris is Peltodoris nobilis, a well-known species from the Pacific Coast of North America (see Valdés 2002). Peltodoris nobilis also has a yellowish background color with brown spots, but they are much smaller than those of P. rosae and concentrated only on the central area of the dorsum. Internally, P. nobilis is characterized by having a short prostate and lacking a vaginal gland, both different from P. rosae .</p><p>Other species previously assigned to Anisodoris that could be members of Peltodoris are in need of further review. As mentioned above, at this point it is impossible to determine how many species are actual members of Anisodoris . Millen (1982) provided a list of the species assigned to Anisodoris summarized in a table, including color and anatomical information. None of the species have a coloration similar to that of P. rosae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1258FFD63416FD17FAFAFF25FEEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdés, Ángel;Bertsch, Hans	Valdés, Ángel, Bertsch, Hans (2010): Two new species of dorid nudibranchs from the Gulf of California (Mar de Cortés), Baja California, Mexico. Spixiana 33 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16851049
