identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC87D1FF9CFFE8FF7BEFE1FAFFF86A.text	03FC87D1FF9CFFE8FF7BEFE1FAFFF86A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichanthelium barbadense Salariato, Morrone & Zuloaga 2011	<div><p>Dichanthelium barbadense Salariato, Morrone &amp; Zuloaga, sp. nov.</p><p>— TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, Pico do Barbado, 13°17 ' 0.04 "" S, 41°55 ' 59.94 " W 1,800–2,430 m, 15 Aug 1998, A. M. Giulietti, G. L. Campos, A. S. Conceição, A. T. Brito &amp; R. P. Oliveira 1454 (holotype: HUEFS!) .</p><p>Dichanthelium congesto affine sed spiculis non stipitatis, gluma inferiore ½ spiculam aequans vel breviore, gluma superiore 9–11-nervia, differt.</p><p>Short rhizomatous perennials, caespitose. Culms 15–40 cm tall, many noded, erect, freely branching, more so toward the middle and upper nodes; internodes 0.5–3 cm long, hollow, terete, shortly pilose, barbate; nodes compressed, dark, pilose. Sheaths 1.2–3 cm long, usually longer than the internodes, overlapping, striate, the margins long ciliate toward the apex, otherwise sparsely pilose to glabrous. Ligules 0.2–0.4 mm long, membranous- ciliate, the membranous portion reduced, with long hairs beneath at the base of the blade; collar pale, pilose. Blades 1–3 × 0.4–0.5 cm, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, flat, hispid on both surfaces with papillose-pilose hairs to sparsely pilose, subcordate at the base, the apex acute, margins long-ciliate, scabrous, involute toward the apex. Peduncle up to 3 cm long, included in the uppermost leaves or partially exerted, shortly pilose to glabrous. Inflorescence 3–5 × 1–2 cm, lax, few flowered panicle; main axis wavy, sparsely pilose near the branches, otherwise smooth, glabrous; pulvini pilose, with long whitish hairs; first order branches up to 0.8 cm long, divergent or appressed, alternate, axis of the branches smooth, glabrous, delicate, terete; pedicels 2–5 mm long, claviform, with long whitish hairs toward the base. Spikelets 3–3.2 × 1.2– 1.4 mm, long-ellipsoid, acute, green or tinged with purple, glabrous, upper glume and lower lemma acuminate, exceeding the upper anthecium in length. Lower glume 1.2–1.6 mm long, ca. ½ or less the length of the spikelet, ovate, subulate, hyaline, glabrous, 1–3-nerved, the nerves not manifest, not embracing the upper glume. Upper glume as long as the spikelet, glabrous to sparsely pilose, 9–11-nerved, tinged with purple at the apex. Lower lemma as long as the spikelet, glumiform, glabrous to sparsely pilose, 9-nerved. Lower palea 2.4–2.6 × 1.2 mm, ovate, hyaline, the margins ciliolate, apex acute; lower flower absent. Upper anthecium 2.4 × 1.2 mm, ellipsoid, apiculate, pale, with simple papillae regularly distributed all over its surface, shortly pilose at the apex (Fig. 2); lodicules ca. 0.4 mm long, 2, truncate; stamens 3. Caryopsis not seen. Figure 1.</p><p>Etymology— The name refers to the locality “Pico do Barbado”, type locality of the species. Pico do Barbado is the highest mountain in the Brazilian state of Bahia.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat— Only known from “campos rupestres,” rock fields, of Chapada Diamantina in Bahia, where this rare species grows in open, shrubby savannas, between 1,100 and 2,400 m elevation, together with species of Apochloa Zuloaga &amp; Morrone and Renvoizea Zuloaga &amp; Morrone ( Poaceae), and genera of Velloziaceae and Eriocaulaceae .</p><p>Observations— Dichantheliumbarbadense isrelated, byitsdistribution and morphology, to D. congestum (Renvoize) Zuloaga and D. stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga; all these species grow within the Espinhaço range, Chapada Diamantina, in northeastern Brazil, although they do not overlap in its present distribution. Dichanthelium congestum differs by having a lower glume ¾ or more the length of the spikelet, 5–7-nerved, with a conspicuous internode between both glumes. Dichanthelium stipiflorum is distinguished by its cordate, clasping blades, and spikelets densely hirsute with a conspicuous stipe between the lower and upper glume. Dichanthelium barbadense shares, with other species of Dichanthelium, a non Kranz anatomy, with more than four mesophyll cells between consecutive vascular bundles, and also extensions of the outer bundle sheath adaxially and abaxially (Fig. 3, A-B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D1FF9CFFE8FF7BEFE1FAFFF86A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	L. Salariato, Diego;O. Zuloaga, Fernando	L. Salariato, Diego, O. Zuloaga, Fernando (2011): New Species of Paniceae (Poaceae, Panicoideae) from Brazil. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 36 (1): 53-58, DOI: 10.1600/036364411X553126, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411x553126
03FC87D1FF9DFFEAFDE1ED77FA3EFC9F.text	03FC87D1FF9DFFEAFDE1ED77FA3EFC9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichanthelium (Lam.) Gould	<div><p>KEY TO D. BARBADENSE AND RELATED SPECIES</p><p>The following key provides a delimitation of D. barbadense from species of the genus with a similar geographic distribution.</p><p>1. Blades clasping the culm, cordate, width length to width ratio of 3–5(–7):1.............................................................. 2</p><p>2. Upper glume and lower lemma 5(–7)-nerved, the nerves inconspicuous, lower lemma inflated at base; upper anthecium inserted laterally in relation to the axis of the rachilla............................................ Dichanthelium sciurotis (Trin.) Davidse</p><p>2. Upper glume and lower lemma 7–9-nerved, with prominent nerves; lower lemma not inflated at base; upper anthecium inserted horizontally in relation to the axis of the rachilla............................................................................................. 3</p><p>3. Inflorescences 1–2.5(–3) cm long, few–flowered; blades overlapping, 1–3 cm long, 0.3–0.6 cm wide.................................................................. Dichanthelium cumbucana (Renvoize) Zuloaga</p><p>3. Inflorescence 2.5–15 cm long, multiflowered; blades not overlapping, 2–12 cm long, 0.5–2 cm wide.................................. 4</p><p>4. Spikelets 1.5–2.5 mm long, without a manifest stipe between the lower and upper glume....................................... 5</p><p>5. Spikelets short-hispid, 1.5–1.9 mm long; inflorescences 2.5–9 cm long; main axis of the inflorescence densely hirsute; blades ovate-lanceolate, with base asymmetrical.................... Dichanthelium sciurotoides (Zuloaga &amp; Morrone) Davidse</p><p>5. Spikelets glabrous, 1.7–2.5 mm long; inflorescences 10–15 cm long; main axis glabrous; blades linear-lanceolate, with base symmetrical................................................... Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga</p><p>4. Spikelets 2.2–3.3 mm long, with a stipe between the lower and upper glume.................................................. 6</p><p>6. Blades with margins cartilaginous and covered with manifest cilia; lower glume ½ or less the spikelet; blades with base symmetrical............................................... Dichanthelium stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga</p><p>6. Blades without cartilaginous margins and without cilia on the upper portions of the margins; lower glume 1/2–3/4 the length of spikelet; blades with base asymmetrical......................................... Dichanthelium pycnoclados (Tutin) Davidse</p><p>1. Blade not clasping the culm, narrow to subcordate, width length to width ratio of 10–30:1................................................. 7</p><p>7. Lower glume ¼–1/2 the length of the spikelet.................................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Plants with prominent glands on sheaths, blades and axis of the panicles........ Dichanthelium adenorhachis (Zuloaga &amp; Morrone) Zuloaga</p><p>8. Plants without prominent glands on sheaths, blades and axis of the panicles, occasionally present on the axis of the panicle............ 9</p><p>9. Blades 3.5–12(–16) cm long. 0.2–1.3(–1.5) cm wide; panicles 10–15 cm long........... Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga</p><p>9. Blades 1–3(–6) cm long, 0.2–0.5 cm wide; panicles 3–5 cm long............................................................. 10</p><p>10. Spikelets 2–2.3 mm long, ellipsoid, hirsute, covered with whitish hairs; blades linear-lanceolate............................................ Dichanthelium cabrerae (Zuloaga &amp; Morrone) Zuloaga</p><p>10. Spikelets 2.5–3.2 mm long, long-ellipsoid, glabrous to sparsely pilose, blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate............................... Dichanthelium barbadense Salariato, Morrone &amp; Zuloaga</p><p>7. Lower glume ¾–4/5 the length of the spikelet................................................................................... 11</p><p>11. Spikelets with a stipe between the lower and upper glume.............................. Dichanthelium congestum (Renvoize) Zuloaga</p><p>11. Spikelets without a stipe between the lower and upper glume........................... Dichanthelium assurgens (Renvoize) Zuloaga</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D1FF9DFFEAFDE1ED77FA3EFC9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	L. Salariato, Diego;O. Zuloaga, Fernando	L. Salariato, Diego, O. Zuloaga, Fernando (2011): New Species of Paniceae (Poaceae, Panicoideae) from Brazil. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 36 (1): 53-58, DOI: 10.1600/036364411X553126, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411x553126
03FC87D1FF9EFFEBFF7BE93DFB98F921.text	03FC87D1FF9EFFEBFF7BE93DFB98F921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panicum harleyi Salariato, Morrone & Zuloaga	<div><p>Panicum harleyi Salariato, Morrone &amp; Zuloaga, sp. nov.</p><p>— TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia. Rio de Contas, ca. 5 km da cidade, em direção ao Pico das Almas, 13°32 ' 58 " S, 41°51 ' 03 " W, 1,107 m, 1 Aug 2006, R. M. Harley 55486 (holotype: HUEFS!) .</p><p>Panicum condensato affine sed laminis cordatis et pseudopetiolatis, amplexicaulibus, inflorescentiis ca. 50 ramos, et palea inferiore absens differt.</p><p>Plants of indefinite duration, probably perennial. Culms decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes, then becoming erect, ca. 50 cm tall; internodes 3–7 cm long, compressed, hollow, glabrous; nodes dark, compressed, glabrous. Sheaths 2–7 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, striate, glabrous, the margins membranous, pilose. Ligules 0.7 mm long, membranous, with a short and sparse fringe of hairs at the apex; collar brown, glabrous. Blades 7–13 × 0.3–0.6 cm, lanceolate, sparsely pilose on the adaxial surface, the abaxial surface glabrous, subcordate, the apex acuminate, margins membranous, ciliate at the base, otherwise glabrous. Peduncles ca. 11 cm long, exserted, terete, glabrous. Inflorescence an open terminal panicle 15 × 7 cm; main axis wavy, smooth, glabrous on the lower portion, otherwise hispid; pulvini glabrous or sparingly pilose; first order branches 11, alternate and divergent, distant 1–4.5 cm from each other, the lower ones 4.5–5.5 cm long, second order branches basal in the first order branches, short, with 3–4 spikelets; axis of the branches triquetrous, glabrous, scabrous, purple; spikelets paired and unilaterally arranged; pedicels 1–5 mm long, claviform, glabrous to finely scabrous toward the apex, purple. Spikelets 2.5–2.6 × 0.8–1 mm, ellipsoid, green and tinged with purple, glumes and lower lemma membranous, with small papillae all over its surface, the upper glume and lower lemma subequal. Lower glume 1.5–1.7 mm long, ca. 2/3 the length of the spikelet, acute, 3–5-nerved, the midnerve scabrous. Upper glume as long as the spikelet, acute, 5-nerved, the midnerve scabrous. Lower lemma glumiform, 5-nerved, the midnerve scabrous. Lower palea small, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower absent. Upper anthecium 2.3–2.5 × 0.6–0.7 mm, long-ellipsoid, pale, membranous, with simple papillae regularly distributed all over its surface and prickles toward the apex of lemma and palea, the apex cucullate (Fig. 5); upper lemma 5-nerved; lodicules ca. 0.3 mm long, 2, cuneate; stamens 3, anthers 1.4 mm long. Caryopsis 1.1 × 0.6 mm, ovoid; hilum elliptical, embryo less than half the length of the caryopsis. Figure 4.</p><p>Etymology— The new species is named in honor of Dr. Raymond M. Harley, a renowned botanist and a great collector of the Brazilian Flora.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat— Only known from Rio de Contas in Bahia, Brazil, where this rare species grows in “brejos,” or swamp, humid areas at an elevation of 1,100 m.</p><p>Observations— Panicum harleyi belongs to Panicum sect. Laxa (Zuloaga et al. 1992); it has spikelets unilaterally arranged on the branches, the upper glume and lower lemma 5-nerved, and the upper anthecium membranous, with simple papillae and prickles. Within this section, P. harleyi is morphologically similar to P. condensatum, from which the latter differs by having cordate, pseudopetiolate, and amplexicaulous leaves, inflorescences with nearly 50 branches, and lack lower paleas. As with other species of P. sect. Laxa, P. harleyi is a C 3 species with several cells between consecutive vascular bundles, and with associated fusoid cells (Fig. 3, C-D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D1FF9EFFEBFF7BE93DFB98F921	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	L. Salariato, Diego;O. Zuloaga, Fernando	L. Salariato, Diego, O. Zuloaga, Fernando (2011): New Species of Paniceae (Poaceae, Panicoideae) from Brazil. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 36 (1): 53-58, DOI: 10.1600/036364411X553126, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411x553126
03FC87D1FF9FFFEBFE01ECFDFA1EF875.text	03FC87D1FF9FFFEBFE01ECFDFA1EF875.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panicum (sect. Laxa) (Hitchc. & Chase) Pilg.	<div><p>KEY TO P. HARLEYI AND RELATED SPECIES Of PANICUM SECT. LAXA</p><p>1. Spikelets 1.3–1.5 mm long; ligules usually absent.................................................................... Panicum pilosum Sw.</p><p>1. Spikelets 1.9–3.2 mm long; ligules present........................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Branches of the inflorescence densely papillose-pilose, with hairs exceeding the length of the spikelets.................................. 3</p><p>3. Blades cordate and clasping; Brazil ....................................................................... Panicum leptachne Döll</p><p>3. Blades narrowed at base; Mexico ................................................................ Panicum longum Hitchc. &amp; Chase</p><p>2. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous.......................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Blades cordate and clasping, pseudopetiolate; inflorescence with ca. 50 branches; lower palea absent.............................................................................. Panicum condensatum Bertol.</p><p>4. Blades subcordate, pseudopetiole absent; inflorescence with ca. 11 branches; lower palea present.............................................................. Panicum harleyi Salariato, Morrone &amp; Zuloaga</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D1FF9FFFEBFE01ECFDFA1EF875	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	L. Salariato, Diego;O. Zuloaga, Fernando	L. Salariato, Diego, O. Zuloaga, Fernando (2011): New Species of Paniceae (Poaceae, Panicoideae) from Brazil. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 36 (1): 53-58, DOI: 10.1600/036364411X553126, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411x553126
