identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC87CAFFB211670EA3F8C406CBF831.text	03FC87CAFFB211670EA3F8C406CBF831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paederinae	<div><p>Subfamily Diagnosis of Mature Larvae (L 2) of Paederinae</p><p>The combination of the characteristics that enable mature Paederinae larvae to be distinguished from known larvae of other Staphylinidae was presented by Staniec et al. (2022). The newly described Ochthephilum larva was found to exhibit all ten diagnostic traits of the subfamily level proposed in the aforementioned study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87CAFFB211670EA3F8C406CBF831	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pietrykowska-Tudruj, Ewa	Pietrykowska-Tudruj, Ewa (2025): Larval morphology of Ochthephilum-the first comprehensive immature stage description for the Cryptobiina subtribe (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). Zootaxa 5683 (2): 247-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5683.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5683.2.5
03FC87CAFFB111640EA3FF040035FB4D.text	03FC87CAFFB111640EA3FF040035FB4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptobiina Casey 1905	<div><p>Subtribal and Generic Diagnosis of the Mature Larva (L 2) of Cryptobiina, Ochthephilum</p><p>The diagnostic characters of the Cryptobiina subtribe, the Ochthephilum genus are defined on the basis of the morphological data presented in this paper and the very limited data provided by Kasule (1970). The characters (indicated by yellow arrows and numbers in Figs 1 –10) that distinguish mature larvae of O. fracticorne from previously known larvae of closely related Paederinae are as follows: (1) head narrow, slightly tapered towards the back, two-colored—yellow-brownish and black; (2) neck rather wide, head about twice as wide as neck; (3) apotome not reaching tentorial pits; (4) median tooth on nasale absent; (5) peg setae on anterior margin of nasale present; (6) mandible serrate with a few teeth; (7) antennal article III shorter than article II; (8) seta on antennal segment II present; (9) antennal sensory appendage of article III rather short (less than half the length of segment IV); (10) stipes trapeziform; (11) mala slightly curved; (12) mala 3.9× as long as wide; (13) mala shorter than article I of maxillary palp; (14) inner seta (code 2) of article II of maxillary palp: tiny and located at about half-length of article; (15) terminal segment of maxillary and labial palp with rings of wrinkled cuticula; (16) microtrichia of hypopharynx form a vertical median band; (17) article I of labial palp slightly longer than ligula; (18) ligula conical 1.5× as long as wide at the base; (19) sensilla of article I of labial palp located central-apically; (20) parasternite on abdominal segment I absent; (21) urogomphi almost twice as long (without apical seta) as pygopod; (22) article I of urogomphi about 3× as long as article II; (23) article I of urogomphi with one club-shaped seta.</p><p>To the characters given above, it is necessary to add those that, given the current knowledge of the morphology of Paederinae larvae representing 15 genera, are unique and diagnostic solely for Ochthephilum (subtribe Cryptobiina) and thus distinguish this genus and subtribe from all other known Paederinae . These include the following four characters presented as the Ochthephilum type in table 1: (1) the antennal sensory appendage (Sa) is located on the outer surface; the sensory appendage in all other known paederines is placed on the inner face—the Paederus type; (2) the shape of paramedian teeth (Pmt) on the nasale (Na), which are tapered and obtuse, different in shape from the other two types: arcuate, broadly rounded—the Medon type and triangular, pointed—the Paederus type; (3) olfactory organs on the ventral side of each paramedian tooth on the nasale with a bunch of very long, apically separated sensory appendages; the olfactory organs in all other known paederines possess tiny microtrichia—the Paederus type; (4) two setae on the tarsungulus (Ts) are located symmetrically, subdorsally near the basal part, differently than in the other two types, where setae are: symmetrical but are located near the ventral side of the tarsungulus—the Paederus type and asymmetrical, i.e. one seta is present at the base and the other near the top of the tarsungulus—the Lathrobium type.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87CAFFB111640EA3FF040035FB4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pietrykowska-Tudruj, Ewa	Pietrykowska-Tudruj, Ewa (2025): Larval morphology of Ochthephilum-the first comprehensive immature stage description for the Cryptobiina subtribe (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). Zootaxa 5683 (2): 247-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5683.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5683.2.5
03FC87CAFFB1116D0EA3FB6102A7FA09.text	03FC87CAFFB1116D0EA3FB6102A7FA09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochthephilum fracticorne (Paykull 1800)	<div><p>Morphological description of mature larva (L 2) of O. fracticorne</p><p>General appearance</p><p>Habitus. Body elongated and flattened; relatively well sclerotized. Body length: 4.17–6.05 (5.04) mm; head width: 0.58–0.63 (0.61) mm; head length: 0.69–0.83 (0.80) mm; pronotum width: 0.57–0.65 (0.62) mm; mesonotum width: 0.59–0.73 (0.66) mm; metanotum width: 0.63–0.77 (0.69) mm. Head slightly wider than prothorax (or as wide as prothorax in some specimens), prothorax narrowed towards meso- and metathorax, mesothorax narrowed towards metathorax; legs relatively long and slender, abdomen slightly and gradually widened to segment IV and then narrowed towards terminal segment of the body. Coloration, dorsal side: head two-colored as in Figs 1A, B, H, J, antennae and mouth parts orange yellow, pronotum yellowish brown, meso- and metanotum brown with darker anterior and posterior edges, leg yellow, abdominal tergites I–IX brown, pygopod and urogomphi base brown, remaining part light ivory, macrosetae dark brown or black.</p><p>Body chaetotaxy. Body sparsely covered generally with simple setae with pointed apices (Fig. 1F). In addition to simple setae, another two types were observed. The first type of seta: slightly modified with obtuse (truncated) apices located on first urogomphal segment (one long seta on each segment I) and on head and abdominal segments (numerous short setae) (Fig. 1E). The second type: strongly modified, smooth, and fairly flexible, known as trichobothria (Trb), inserted into cupola on head (near stemmata), maxillae (posterior outer margin of stipes), and prothorax (near lateral margins of pronotum) (Figs 1D, H, 4A, 5E).</p><p>Detailed external morphology and chaetotaxy</p><p>Head (Figs 1–4): flattened dorso-ventrally, relatively narrow, 1.4× as long as wide, widest at stemmata (Stm) level, narrowing gently posteriad from the stemmata to base; sides in posterior part do not form strongly outlined angles (Figs 1A, H, J); neck relatively wide, about 1.9× narrower than head; dorsal ecdysial line (Des) bifurcate before half of head length (Figs 1H, J); each side of head with six oval or circular stemmata arranged as shown in Fig. 1C.</p><p>Chaetotaxy of head. Chaetotaxy of dorsal side: frontal part, nasale (Na) with 4 pairs of setae (coded: Fd1–2, Fl1–2) and one pair of lateral glands (Gl) (Figs 1G, H); epicranial part (E) with ten pairs of long setae (coded: Ed1–3, El1–3, Em1–4) and one pair of trichobothria (Trb) (Figs 1H, I); posterior area (Pa) with three pairs of tiny setae as in Fig. 1K. Chaetotaxy of ventral side: with 7 pairs of setae (coded: V1–3, Vl1–4; Fig. 1J); chaetotaxy of lateral sides with four setae (coded: L1–4) (Fig. 1I).</p><p>Apotome (Ap) (Figs 1J, M, N) completely formed, almost reaching tentorial pits (Tp), possesses three pairs of setae and two pairs of pores. Functional positions of nasale (Na), antennae (At), mandibles (Md), maxillae (Mx), maxillary palps (Mp), labium (Lb), labial palps (Lp), and ligula (Lg) as in Fig. 2A.</p><p>Anterior margin of nasale (Figs 2B, D, E) with four teeth and eight peg setae; median tooth absent; medial region (Mr) almost flat with one pair of peg seta (Ps1); one pair of paramedian teeth (Pmt) and one pair of lateral teeth (Lt); paramedian teeth: wide, obtuse with numerous sensory appendages arranged densely on its ventral surface; appendages are long enough to protrude beyond margin of labrum and be visible from dorsal side; peg seta (Ps2) located centrally on top of each paramedian tooth (Figs 2B–E); lateral teeth: pointed, triangular with wide bases, substantially shorter than paramedian teeth, each has one peg seta (Ps4) located subapically on its ventral surface (Fig. 2B).</p><p>Epipharynx (Fig. 2C) with three transverse rows of cuticular processes (cp): anterior row (Acp) with cuticular processes (cp) along anterior margin of buccal cavity (Bc), cuticular processes are sparsely distributed and their apices do not reach labrum margin; medial row (Mep) poorly visible with few processes located laterally and medially; posterior row (Pcp) with cuticular processes along the posterior margin of buccal cavity; one pair of peg seta (Ps3) and one pair of sensilla (Sm).</p><p>Mandible (Figs 2F–H) falciform, moderately slender, elongate, and narrow: 4.5× as long as wide; internal edge almost uniformly serrate with 3–5 teeth; two lateral setae on outer margin: tiny (L1) and long (L2), seta L2 distinctly shorter than the distance from seta to mandible base; five sensilla: two large sensilla, one dorsal (Dsm) and one dorsolateral (Dlsm), and a few (at least three)tiny ones located near apex (Asm).</p><p>Antenna (Figs 3A–G) rather long, 4-segmented, length ratios of articles I–IV=1:4.2:3.8:2.4; article I: 1.4× as wide as long, asetose; article II: almost 3.5× as long as wide, very slightly curved, with a few pores and one seta dorsoapically (Figs 1B, C); article III: moderately elongated, 3.8× as long as wide with three macro setae, one finger-shaped sensory appendage (Sa) which is 4× as long as wide, three elongated solenidia (IIIS1–3), including one longer than others, and two pores (Figs 3B, D, F); article IV: short and club-shaped, gradually widened apically, 3.5× as long as wide, possesses three long setae and four solenidia located apically (IVS1–4), 2.3× as long as antennal sensory appendage (Figs 3D, B, G).</p><p>Maxilla (Figs 2A, 4A–G): cardo quadrangular in outline, 1.2× as wide as long with one seta located ventrally and microtrichia dorsally; stipes trapeziform in outline, slightly narrowed anteriorly, with six setae, one ventrobasal trichobothrium (Trb), and short microtrichia arranged dorsally; mala (Ma) (Figs 4A, C) medium long, finger-shaped, rounded apically, about 4× as long as wide, with three sensory appendages of different length (long, short and tiny) located apically, the long appendage shorter than the mala, segment I of maxillary palp 1.3× as long as mala; palpifer (Pf) (Fig. 4A) with one long ventral seta and one pore. Maxillary palp (Mp) moderately elongate, length ratios of articles I–III = 1:1.5:2.1 respectively; article I wider and longer than mala, with almost parallel sides (ratio of article width at apex and base of 1.1:1), 2.1× as long as wide with two pores located ventroapically; article II 2.8× as long as wide, slightly widening to apex, with two setae of different lengths (coded: 1, 2): seta 1 long—located near apex, on outer margin (lateroapically), seta 2 tiny—located almost at half-length of article, on inner margin (laterally), and one pore (Fig. 4A); article III distinctly tapering to apex, 7.6× as long as wide, possesses one digitiform sensory appendage (Sa) laterobasally (Figs 4A, E), one tiny seta near apex, a few minute elongate sensory appendages located apically and subapically (no less than 7) (Fig. 4D), and one ring of wrinkled cuticula (Rw) at about half article length (Figs 4A, F, G), article III 4–5× as long as sensory appendage (Sa).</p><p>Labium, ventral side (Figs 2A, 4H, K): prementum (Pmnt) slightly extended anteriorly, rear portion strongly sclerotized; with four setae (two long, two short) and two pores located anteriorly. Ligula: (Lg) conical, 1.5× as long as wide at base, possesses microtrichia located sub- and apically on ventral side and on the entire dorsal surface, length ratio of ligula and segment I of labial palp (Lp) = 1:1.1, ligula 1.5× as wide as segment I of labial palp; ligula and prementum not separated (Fig. 4H). Hypopharynx (Figs 4I, J, L): dorsal side partially membranous with numerous microtrichia (Dmt) forming one wide vertical band and two lateral groups. Labial palp (Lp) (Figs 4H–K): two-segmented, length ratio of articles I and II = 1:1.6; article I 2.5× as long as wide with one pore located medially near apex (ventrosubapically); article II 5.3× as long as wide, with one pore located laterally and one ring of wrinkled cuticula (Rw) at about half length of article, with a few minute sensory appendages (not less than 7) located apically (Fig. 4K).</p><p>Thorax (Figs 5A–H). Foreleg (Figs 5A–D): coxa (Cx) elongate, about 2.6× as long as wide, with microtrichia (Mt) as in Fig. 5B; trochanter (Tr) divided transversely by row of a few sensilla; femur (Fe) elongate, in some fragments with a microstructure shown in Fig. 5C, 5.3 × as long as wide; tibia (Tb) elongate, 9× as long as wide; tarsungulus (Ts) slightly curved (Figs 5A, D), about 5× as long as basal width, with two spine-shaped setae (coded: Ad1, Ad2). Length ratios of coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsungulus: 5:1.5:5.6:4.5:1, respectively. Thoracal tergites with narrow mid-longitudinal ecdysial line. Pronotum (Figs 5E–G) slightly narrower than mesonotum and longer than combined meso- and metanotum, 1.3× as long as wide, very slightly rounded on sides, widest at the level of trichobothrium (Trb), with ten pairs of long setae (coded: A1–2, Da1, Db1, L1–4, P1–2), one pair of trichobothria, and micro setae as in Fig. 5F. Mesonotum (Figs 5E, G): 2× wider than long, slightly rounded on sides, with transverse anterior and posterior carina and eight pairs of setae (coded: A1–2, Db1, L1, L3–4, P1–2). Chaetotaxy of metanotum similar to that of mesonotum. Prosternal region (Fig. 5H): presternum (Pr) divided by a medial longitudinal line, with 3–4 pairs of small setae; sternum (St) elongated, divided into two sclerites, each with 4–5 setae and band of microtrichia (Mt) on outer margin. Region between pro- and mesothorax with large elliptical spiracles (Sp) and one dorsal seta near each spiracle (Figs 5E, G).</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 5I–K, 6A–H). Segment I (Figs 5I, J, K): tergite with transverse anterior carina and 6 pairs of setae (coded: Da1, Db1, P1–3, L2); paratergite (Pt) well developed on each side with two setae of different length (one additional on some specimens), parasternites absent, sternite partially regressive (with one poorly visible microseta) (Fig. 5J). Segments II–VIII (Figs 5I, J, K, 6 A, B): tergite with 7 pairs of setae (coded: Da1, Db1, P1–3, L1–2); paratergites (Pt) and parasternites (Ps) elliptical on each side, with two and three setae respectively; sternites (St) well developed with setae as in Fig. 5K. Abdominal segments I–VIII, each with one pair of conical spiracles (Sp) located between tergites and paratergites (Figs 5I, J, 6C, D). Segment IX (Figs 6A, B, F–H): without paratergite and parasternite, tergite with 3–4 pairs of setae, sternite with 4–5 pairs of setae. Urogomphus (Ug) two-articled (Figs 6E–H); article I elongate, about 6.5× as long as wide at base, with eight setae: seven simple, pointed and one club-shaped; article II slender, widened apically, about 5–6× as long as wide, about 3× narrower than segment I at base, with one long apical seta and one short subapical seta; length ratio of articles I, II, and apical seta of Ug: 2.6:1:2.5, respectively; urogomphi 2.5–3.7× as long as pygopod (without apical setae). Segment X (pygopod) tube-shaped: 1.7× as long as wide at base, with three pairs of setae located dorsally and several laterally and ventrally (Figs 6B, E–H).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87CAFFB1116D0EA3FB6102A7FA09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pietrykowska-Tudruj, Ewa	Pietrykowska-Tudruj, Ewa (2025): Larval morphology of Ochthephilum-the first comprehensive immature stage description for the Cryptobiina subtribe (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). Zootaxa 5683 (2): 247-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5683.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5683.2.5
