taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F087AFFF96FFC566CCA553FBFCF834.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. — Solenopleura torifrons Pompeckj, 1896 by original designation, Drumian, Buchava Formation, Mileč Member, Pompeckium kuthani brachiopod Zone.	en	Fatka, Oldřich, Budil, Petr, Micka, Václav (2026): Remains of the digestive system in the middle Cambrian trilobite Ptychoparioides henkli Kordule, 2006 (Barrandian area, Czech Republic). Geodiversitas 48 (9): 159-177, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2026v48a9
03F087AFFF96FFC566CCA553FBFCF834.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Ptychoparioides torifrons (Pompeckj, 1896) comes from higher levels of the Mileč Member and lower layers of the Slapnice Member of the Buchava Formation (Fig. 2). Kordule (2006: 292) reported the occurrence of this species from five outcrops: the Malá Pleš locality near Kouřimecká hájovna; the Na Kamenných hůrkách locality near Týřovice; the slopes of Mileč Hill; the Slapnický mlýn Mill locality and the Hlohovice locality. Vokáč (1997: pl. 1, fig. 6) and Vokáč & Micka (2004: 14) discussed one slightly damaged cephalon of this species from the Terešovská huť locality. Ptychoparioides henkli was described from the lower part of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone at the hillslope of the Dlouhá hora Hill (Figs 1; 2). The species is also present at unspecified outcrops on the hill slope of the Dlouhá hora Hill, at the Dubinky Hill locality, at outcrops near the Podmokelský mlýn Mill, and at the Mlečice locality (= Terešovská huť locality) (Kordule 2006: 294). Rare finds of Ptychoparioides chlupaci Kordule, 2006 have been documented from the lower and middle parts of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone of the Jince Formation at the Potůček and Ve žlutých localities near Rejkovice (see Kordule 2006: 296).	en	Fatka, Oldřich, Budil, Petr, Micka, Václav (2026): Remains of the digestive system in the middle Cambrian trilobite Ptychoparioides henkli Kordule, 2006 (Barrandian area, Czech Republic). Geodiversitas 48 (9): 159-177, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2026v48a9
03F087AFFF96FFC566CCA553FBFCF834.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED A total of approximately 40 outstretched, very slightly to substantially damaged but originally fully articulated exoskeletons of Ptychoparioides henkli were collected from rock fragments of sandy light-green greywacke at the “ Jestřábí ” ’ locality. It is possible that all trilobites were preserved in one large cluster. All specimens belong to the holaspid growth stage and contain remnants of digestive structures. We selected eight specimens showing the best-preserved remains of the digestive system for detailed study.	en	Fatka, Oldřich, Budil, Petr, Micka, Václav (2026): Remains of the digestive system in the middle Cambrian trilobite Ptychoparioides henkli Kordule, 2006 (Barrandian area, Czech Republic). Geodiversitas 48 (9): 159-177, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2026v48a9
03F087AFFF96FFC566CCA553FBFCF834.taxon	description	RESULTS SPECIMEN CGS MV 32 (Figs 3; 10 D) Description A nearly complete, anteriorly slightly damaged cephalon with both in situ preserved librigenae is articulated with fourteen thoracic segments; left pleura of the ninth to fourteenth thoracic segments are not exposed, the pygidium is missing (Fig. 3 A, B) Soft tissue The central and posterior glabellar surface bears three pairs of clearly visible, rounded, white-coloured markings positioned in L 1 to L 3 (Figs 3; 10 D [Dc 1 to Dc 3]); slightly larger markings are preserved also in the occipital ring (Figs 3; 10 D [Dc 0]) as well as in the axial part of the six anterior-most thoracic segments (Figs 3; 10 D [Dt 1 to Dt 6]). The central area between the white markings is widest and uncoloured in the glabella. In contrast, a quite narrow median strip is seen in the occipital ring and the six anterior thoracic segments (Fig. 3 A, B); this narrow strip continues in the seventh and eight axial rings and is slightly darker in colour than the surface of the axial rings (marked only part of outline of the strip, Figs 3 A, B; 10 D). Remarks The anterior-most white-coloured left and right markings bear at least three fine, sagittally oriented scratches on its surface. Up to six similarly fine but transversally oriented scratches are seen in the other more posterior cephalic and thoracic white-coloured markings (Fig. 3 B). The scratches did not form as a result of mechanical cleaning of the surface and their origin remains unknown. SPECIMEN CGS MV 26 (Figs 4; 10 B) Description Incomplete, strongly flattened and considerably damaged remains of a thorax containing eleven articulated axial rings connected with three nearly complete anterior-most pleurae and small remains of other eight pleurae at the left side and ten pleurae at the right side. The posterior part of the strongly damaged cephalon is bent down at an angle of about 70 degrees. The left librigena is strongly weathered but its remains are still preserved in situ. A large part of the right librigena is broken off, and only a small part remains. The pygidium and the posterior parts of the thorax are missing. Soft tissue Small, irregular, whitish spots are preserved in the occipital ring and in the posterior part of the incomplete glabella (Figs 4; 10 B [Dc 0 and Dc 1]). The flattened, only slightly vaulted axial rings bear prominent light markings in the first to the sixth thoracic segments (Fig. 4). These markings are paired and range from small and rounded (Figs 4; 10 B [Dt 5 r]) through ellipsoidal and sagittally prolonged (Fig. 10 B [Dt 4 r]) to large and rounded (Fig. 10 B [Dt 6 l]). In the first to third thoracic segments, the surface of the axial rings is barely perceptible to be darker between the light markings (Fig. 10 B [G]). SPECIMEN CGS MV 27 (Figs 5; 10 A) Description Strongly damaged but originally complete articulated exoskeleton with remains of both librigenae preserved in situ (Fig. 5 A). A small remnant of the in situ hypostome is seen in the left antero-lateral part of the glabella (Fig. 10 A [HY]). The anterior-most part of the cephalon is broken off. The axis and fourteen pleurae are visible at the right side of the thorax, while only four pleurae are preserved at the left thoracic side; four more posterior pleurae are only partially preserved (Fig. 5 A). Remains of the axis and pygidial pleural lobe are preserved on the right side (Fig. 5 A). Soft tissue The surface of the flattened glabella bears three white areas in L 2 and L 3 (Figs 5; 10 A [Dc 2 l, Dc 2 r and Dc 3 r]), two other light, quite poorly visible areas are preserved in L 1 (Figs 5; 10 A [Dc 1 l and Dc 1 r]). White spots are seen also in the occipital ring (Figs 5; 10 A [Dc 0 l and Dc 0 r]). Comparatively small, paired, irregularly elliptical white spots are preserved in the first to fourth axial rings (Figs 5; 10 A [Dt 1 to Dt 6]). The colour of the surface between the paired spots and holes is identical to the colour of other parts of the thorax. SPECIMEN CGS MV 28 (Figs 6; 10 C) Description Very slightly damaged cephalon with hypostome and both librigenae preserved in situ and with eleven incomplete, slightly disarticulated and posteriorly retracted thoracic segments; the pygidium and posterior thoracic segments are missing (Fig. 6 A). The U-shaped narrow groove in the middle of the glabella represents the posterior margin of the hypostome (Figs 6; 10 C [HY]). Soft tissue One small cavity occurs on each side of the hypostome (Figs 6; 10 C [Dc 3]). Two pairs of large, polygonal, light-coloured spots are situated in L 1 and L 2 of the glabella (Figs 6; 10 C [Dc 1 and Dc 2]). Two other light-coloured, irregular areas are present in the occipital ring (Figs 6; 10 C [Dc 0]). An elliptical, sagittally prolonged grey-coloured spot is preserved in the anterior-most third of the glabella (Figs 6; 10 C [E]). Seven small to large, rounded white spots are preserved in the axes of the first to fifth thoracic segments (Figs 6; 10 C [Dt 1 to Dt 5]). The colour of the surface between all the light spots is identical to the colour of other parts of the thorax. SPECIMENS CGS MV 29 A AND CGS MV 29 B (Figs 7; 10 G) Remains of two damaged articulated specimens are preserved on the surface of a rock fragment 58.6 mm long, 41.3 mm wide and a maximum of 15 mm thick. Description of CGS MV 29 a The more damaged specimen includes a nearly complete cephalon with both librigenae (Figs 7 A; 10 Ga), which is articulated with remains of four anterior thoracic segments. A partly exposed external surface of the in situ hypostome is seen in the anterior part of the glabella (Figs 7 Aa; 10 Ga [HY]). Soft tissue The postero-lateral margins of the hypostome are bordered by a pair of yellow-brown, large, antero-laterally oriented ellipsoidal depressions in L 3 (Figs 7 A; 10 Ga [Dc 3]). In L 1 and L 2, two pairs of yellow-brown spots are seen in the posterior part of the glabella; these spots are shallow, transversally narrow and sagittally short (Figs 7 A; 10 Ga [Dc 1 and Dc 2]). The whole surface of the occipital ring and the axis of the anterior thoracic segment are replaced by sagittally short and transversally wide, yellow-brown cavities (Figs 7 A; 10 Ga [Dc 0 and Dt 1]). Posteriorly from the hypostome, the central posterior surface of the glabella between Dc 3 and Dc 0 exhibits a wide sausage-like elevation (Figs 7 A; 10 Ga [G]). The axis of the fourth thoracic segment as well as all the more posterior thoracic segments and the pygidium are missing. Description of CGS MV 29 b A strongly damaged and only partly uncovered cranidium is articulated with remains of twelve thoracic segments. The external mould of the in situ preserved hypostome is exposed under the broken-off anterior half of the glabella (Figs 7 B; 10 Gb [HY]). Soft tissue Inside L 3, laterally from the in situ hypostome, rounded, yellow-brown spots are developed on both sides of the glabella (Figs 7 B; 10 Gb [Dc 3]); two other yellow-brown, ellipsoidal depressions are present behind the postero-lateral margin of the hypostome (Figs 7 B; 10 Gb [Dc 2]). Generally comparable, transversally slightly wider depressions are also developed in the postero-lateral surface of the glabella in L 1 (Figs 7 B; 10 Gb [Dc 1]). The occipital ring is broken off and is replaced by a tiny brown-coloured surface (Figs 7 B; 10 Gb [Dc 0]). The axial parts of the second to fourth thoracic segments are obscured by an external surface of a remnant of an indeterminable trilobite. The axis of the fifth thoracic segment is broken off (Fig. 7 B). A rectangular elevated area is clearly visible in the central glabellar surface between the posterior hypostomal margin and the anterior margin of the occipital ring (Figs 7 B; 10 Gb [G]). SPECIMEN CGS MV 30 (Figs 8; 10 E) Description A slightly damaged cephalon with both librigenae is preserved together with a damaged thorax consisting of eleven axial rings associated with 14 pleurae on the right side and remains of three pleurae on the left side (Fig. 8 A). Soft tissue A small cavity is seen in the right antero-lateral part of the conical glabella (Figs 8; 10 E [Dc 3]). Two much larger and deeper cavities are preserved in both L 2 of the glabella (Figs 8; 10 E [Dc 2]). Two additional quite large cavities are developed in the postero-lateral glabellar surface of L 1 (Figs 8; 10 E [Dc 1]). A shallow, ellipsoidal, yellow-coloured cavity is seen in the occipital ring (Figs 8; 10 E [Dc 0 l]). Three pairs of small to large, yellow-coloured cavities are preserved in the axis of the first to third thoracic segments (Figs 8; 10 E [Dt 1 to Dt 3]). Similarly, the axis of the fourth to sixth thoracic segments bears paired, shallow, large depressions (Figs 8; 10 E [Dt 4 to Dt 6]). Below the well-preserved surface of the central part of the glabella, between Dc 3 r and Dc 2 l, a sausage-like transversal widening is seen (Figs 8; 10 E [G]). In the area between Dc 2 and middle of the posterior margin of the anterior glabellar lobe is developed a narrow bulge (Fig. 8 B [arrow]). The colour of the surface between the paired cavities is identical to the colour of other parts of the thorax. SPECIMEN CGS MV 31 (Figs 9; 10 F) Description A polygonal rock sample bears the anterior part of a damaged articulated specimen (Fig. 9 A [a]) preserved together with remains of articulated but incomplete thoraxes of four other specimens (Fig. 9 A [b to e]). Exceptionally preserved specimen is composed of a very slightly damaged cephalon with both in situ librigenae articulated with incompletely preserved remains of the three anterior thoracic segments. Specimen a contains remains of the digestive system; specimens b to e do not show digestive-system remains. Soft tissue The surface of the well-preserved conical glabella bears an anteriorly arched bulge in the frontal glabellar lobe (Figs 9 A, B; 10 F). Posteriorly, this bulge continues as a wide, V-shaped, sagittally prolonged and posteriorly gradually narrowing tube-like extension in the central part of the glabella (Figs 9 A, B; 10 F [G]). At the left side, a small depression is developed in L 3 just near the tube-like extension (Figs 9; 10 F [Dc 3 l]). Laterally from the bulge, the course of the V-shaped tube-like body becomes broader in front of Dc 3. Even more anteriorly, the bulge is bluntly ended (Fig. 9 B [arrow]). A pair of kidney-shaped imprints is seen at both sides of the tube-like extension in the middle of the glabella (Figs 9; 10 F [Dc 2]). Another pair of small rounded pits is preserved in L 1 in the postero-lateral surface of the glabella (Figs 9; 10 F [Dc 1]). The axis of the first thoracic segment is situated below the chippedoff occipital ring and bears a transversally wide whitish spot (Figs 9; 10 F [Dt 1 r]). A pair of small rounded, whitish spots is seen in the axis of the second, slightly clockwise-rotated thoracic segment (Figs 9; 10 F [Dt 2]). Another pair of similar, slightly larger spots is preserved in the axis of the third thoracic segment (Figs 9; 10 F [Dt 3]). The rest of the thorax of this specimen is missing.	en	Fatka, Oldřich, Budil, Petr, Micka, Václav (2026): Remains of the digestive system in the middle Cambrian trilobite Ptychoparioides henkli Kordule, 2006 (Barrandian area, Czech Republic). Geodiversitas 48 (9): 159-177, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2026v48a9
