identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F087AFFF96FFC566CCA553FBFCF834.text	03F087AFFF96FFC566CCA553FBFCF834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptychoparioides Ruzicka 1940	<div><p>Genus Ptychoparioides Růžička, 1940</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Solenopleura torifrons Pompeckj, 1896 by original designation, Drumian, Buchava Formation, Mileč Member, Pompeckium kuthani brachiopod Zone.</p><p>SPECIES INCLUDED. — Three species of the endemic genus Ptychoparioides have been described: two species ( Ptychoparioides torifrons (Pompeckj, 1896) and Ptychoparioides henkli Kordule, 2006) are known from the Skryje-Týřovice Basin, and the third ( Ptychoparioides chlupaci Kordule, 2006) was established only in the Příbram-Jince Basin.</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>Ptychoparioides torifrons (Pompeckj, 1896) comes from higher levels of the Mileč Member and lower layers of the Slapnice Member of the Buchava Formation (Fig. 2). Kordule (2006: 292) reported the occurrence of this species from five outcrops: the Malá Pleš locality near Kouřimecká hájovna; the Na Kamenných hůrkách locality near Týřovice; the slopes of Mileč Hill; the Slapnický mlýn Mill locality and the Hlohovice locality. Vokáč (1997: pl. 1, fig. 6) and Vokáč &amp; Micka (2004: 14) discussed one slightly damaged cephalon of this species from the Terešovská huť locality.</p><p>Ptychoparioides henkli was described from the lower part of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone at the hillslope of the Dlouhá hora Hill (Figs 1; 2). The species is also present at unspecified outcrops on the hill slope of the Dlouhá hora Hill, at the Dubinky Hill locality, at outcrops near the Podmokelský mlýn Mill, and at the Mlečice locality (= Terešovská huť locality) (Kordule 2006: 294).</p><p>Rare finds of Ptychoparioides chlupaci Kordule, 2006 have been documented from the lower and middle parts of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone of the Jince Formation at the Potůček and Ve žlutých localities near Rejkovice (see Kordule 2006: 296).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED</p><p>A total of approximately 40 outstretched, very slightly to substantially damaged but originally fully articulated exoskeletons of Ptychoparioides henkli were collected from rock fragments of sandy light-green greywacke at the “Jestřábí”’ locality. It is possible that all trilobites were preserved in one large cluster. All specimens belong to the holaspid growth stage and contain remnants of digestive structures. We selected eight specimens showing the best-preserved remains of the digestive system for detailed study.</p><p>RESULTS</p><p>SPECIMEN CGS MV 32 (Figs 3; 10D)</p><p>Description</p><p>A nearly complete, anteriorly slightly damaged cephalon with both in situ preserved librigenae is articulated with fourteen thoracic segments; left pleura of the ninth to fourteenth thoracic segments are not exposed, the pygidium is missing (Fig. 3A, B)</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>The central and posterior glabellar surface bears three pairs of clearly visible, rounded, white-coloured markings positioned in L1 to L3 (Figs 3; 10D [Dc1 to Dc3]); slightly larger markings are preserved also in the occipital ring (Figs 3; 10D [Dc0]) as well as in the axial part of the six anterior-most thoracic segments (Figs 3; 10D [Dt1 to Dt6]).</p><p>The central area between the white markings is widest and uncoloured in the glabella. In contrast, a quite narrow median strip is seen in the occipital ring and the six anterior thoracic segments (Fig. 3A, B); this narrow strip continues in the seventh and eight axial rings and is slightly darker in colour than the surface of the axial rings (marked only part of outline of the strip, Figs 3A, B; 10D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The anterior-most white-coloured left and right markings bear at least three fine, sagittally oriented scratches on its surface. Up to six similarly fine but transversally oriented scratches are seen in the other more posterior cephalic and thoracic white-coloured markings (Fig. 3B). The scratches did not form as a result of mechanical cleaning of the surface and their origin remains unknown.</p><p>SPECIMEN CGS MV 26 (Figs 4; 10B)</p><p>Description</p><p>Incomplete, strongly flattened and considerably damaged remains of a thorax containing eleven articulated axial rings connected with three nearly complete anterior-most pleurae and small remains of other eight pleurae at the left side and ten pleurae at the right side. The posterior part of the strongly damaged cephalon is bent down at an angle of about 70 degrees.The left librigena is strongly weathered but its remains are still preserved in situ. A large part of the right librigena is broken off, and only a small part remains. The pygidium and the posterior parts of the thorax are missing.</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>Small, irregular, whitish spots are preserved in the occipital ring and in the posterior part of the incomplete glabella (Figs 4; 10B [Dc0 and Dc1]). The flattened, only slightly vaulted axial rings bear prominent light markings in the first to the sixth thoracic segments (Fig. 4). These markings are paired and range from small and rounded (Figs 4; 10B [Dt5r]) through ellipsoidal and sagittally prolonged (Fig. 10B [Dt4r]) to large and rounded (Fig. 10B [Dt6l]). In the first to third thoracic segments, the surface of the axial rings is barely perceptible to be darker between the light markings (Fig. 10B [G]).</p><p>SPECIMEN CGS MV 27 (Figs 5; 10A)</p><p>Description</p><p>Strongly damaged but originally complete articulated exoskeleton with remains of both librigenae preserved in situ (Fig. 5A). A small remnant of the in situ hypostome is seen in the left antero-lateral part of the glabella (Fig. 10A [HY]). The anterior-most part of the cephalon is broken off. The axis and fourteen pleurae are visible at the right side of the thorax, while only four pleurae are preserved at the left thoracic side; four more posterior pleurae are only partially preserved (Fig. 5A). Remains of the axis and pygidial pleural lobe are preserved on the right side (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>The surface of the flattened glabella bears three white areas in L2 and L3 (Figs 5; 10A [Dc2l, Dc2r and Dc3r]), two other light, quite poorly visible areas are preserved in L1 (Figs 5; 10A [Dc1l and Dc1r]). White spots are seen also in the occipital ring (Figs 5; 10A [Dc0l and Dc0r]). Comparatively small, paired, irregularly elliptical white spots are preserved in the first to fourth axial rings (Figs 5; 10A [Dt1 to Dt6]). The colour of the surface between the paired spots and holes is identical to the colour of other parts of the thorax.</p><p>SPECIMEN CGS MV 28 (Figs 6; 10C)</p><p>Description</p><p>Very slightly damaged cephalon with hypostome and both librigenae preserved in situ and with eleven incomplete, slightly disarticulated and posteriorly retracted thoracic segments; the pygidium and posterior thoracic segments are missing (Fig. 6A). The U-shaped narrow groove in the middle of the glabella represents the posterior margin of the hypostome (Figs 6; 10C [HY]).</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>One small cavity occurs on each side of the hypostome (Figs 6; 10C [Dc3]).Two pairs of large, polygonal, light-coloured spots are situated in L1 and L2 of the glabella (Figs 6; 10C [Dc1 and Dc2]). Two other light-coloured, irregular areas are present in the occipital ring (Figs 6; 10C [Dc0]). An elliptical, sagittally prolonged grey-coloured spot is preserved in the anterior-most third of the glabella (Figs 6; 10C [E]). Seven small to large, rounded white spots are preserved in the axes of the first to fifth thoracic segments (Figs 6; 10C [Dt1 to Dt5]). The colour of the surface between all the light spots is identical to the colour of other parts of the thorax.</p><p>SPECIMENS CGS MV 29 A AND CGS MV 29 B</p><p>(Figs 7; 10G)</p><p>Remains of two damaged articulated specimens are preserved on the surface of a rock fragment 58.6 mm long, 41.3 mm wide and a maximum of 15 mm thick.</p><p>Description of CGS MV 29a</p><p>The more damaged specimen includes a nearly complete cephalon with both librigenae (Figs 7A; 10 Ga), which is articulated with remains of four anterior thoracic segments. A partly exposed external surface of the in situ hypostome is seen in the anterior part of the glabella (Figs 7 Aa; 10Ga[HY]).</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>The postero-lateral margins of the hypostome are bordered by a pair of yellow-brown, large, antero-laterally oriented ellipsoidal depressions in L3 (Figs 7A; 10 Ga[Dc3]). In L1 and L2, two pairs of yellow-brown spots are seen in the posterior part of the glabella; these spots are shallow, transversally narrow and sagittally short (Figs 7A; 10 Ga[Dc1 and Dc2]). The whole surface of the occipital ring and the axis of the anterior thoracic segment are replaced by sagittally short and transversally wide, yellow-brown cavities (Figs 7A; 10 Ga[Dc0 and Dt1]). Posteriorly from the hypostome, the central posterior surface of the glabella between Dc3 and Dc0 exhibits a wide sausage-like elevation (Figs 7A; 10 Ga[G]). The axis of the fourth thoracic segment as well as all the more posterior thoracic segments and the pygidium are missing.</p><p>Description of CGS MV 29b</p><p>A strongly damaged and only partly uncovered cranidium is articulated with remains of twelve thoracic segments. The external mould of the in situ preserved hypostome is exposed under the broken-off anterior half of the glabella (Figs 7B; 10 Gb[HY]).</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>Inside L3, laterally from the in situ hypostome, rounded, yellow-brown spots are developed on both sides of the glabella (Figs 7B; 10 Gb[Dc3]); two other yellow-brown, ellipsoidal depressions are present behind the postero-lateral margin of the hypostome (Figs 7B; 10 Gb[Dc2]). Generally comparable, transversally slightly wider depressions are also developed in the postero-lateral surface of the glabella in L1 (Figs 7B; 10 Gb[Dc1]). The occipital ring is broken off and is replaced by a tiny brown-coloured surface (Figs 7B; 10 Gb[Dc0]). The axial parts of the second to fourth thoracic segments are obscured by an external surface of a remnant of an indeterminable trilobite. The axis of the fifth thoracic segment is broken off (Fig. 7B). A rectangular elevated area is clearly visible in the central glabellar surface between the posterior hypostomal margin and the anterior margin of the occipital ring (Figs 7B; 10 Gb[G]).</p><p>SPECIMEN CGS MV 30 (Figs 8; 10E)</p><p>Description</p><p>A slightly damaged cephalon with both librigenae is preserved together with a damaged thorax consisting of eleven axial rings associated with 14 pleurae on the right side and remains of three pleurae on the left side (Fig. 8A).</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>A small cavity is seen in the right antero-lateral part of the conical glabella (Figs 8; 10E [Dc3]). Two much larger and deeper cavities are preserved in both L2 of the glabella (Figs 8; 10E [Dc2]).Two additional quite large cavities are developed in the postero-lateral glabellar surface of L1 (Figs 8; 10E [Dc1]). A shallow, ellipsoidal, yellow-coloured cavity is seen in the occipital ring (Figs 8; 10E [Dc0l]). Three pairs of small to large, yellow-coloured cavities are preserved in the axis of the first to third thoracic segments (Figs 8; 10E [Dt1 to Dt3]). Similarly, the axis of the fourth to sixth thoracic segments bears paired, shallow, large depressions (Figs 8; 10E [Dt4 to Dt6]). Below the well-preserved surface of the central part of the glabella, between Dc3r and Dc2l, a sausage-like transversal widening is seen (Figs 8; 10E [G]). In the area between Dc2 and middle of the posterior margin of the anterior glabellar lobe is developed a narrow bulge (Fig. 8B [arrow]). The colour of the surface between the paired cavities is identical to the colour of other parts of the thorax.</p><p>SPECIMEN CGS MV 31 (Figs 9; 10F)</p><p>Description</p><p>A polygonal rock sample bears the anterior part of a damaged articulated specimen (Fig. 9A [a]) preserved together with remains of articulated but incomplete thoraxes of four other specimens (Fig. 9A [b to e]). Exceptionally preserved specimen is composed of a very slightly damaged cephalon with both in situ librigenae articulated with incompletely preserved remains of the three anterior thoracic segments. Specimen a contains remains of the digestive system; specimens b to e do not show digestive-system remains.</p><p>Soft tissue</p><p>The surface of the well-preserved conical glabella bears an anteriorly arched bulge in the frontal glabellar lobe (Figs 9A, B; 10F). Posteriorly, this bulge continues as a wide, V-shaped, sagittally prolonged and posteriorly gradually narrowing tube-like extension in the central part of the glabella (Figs 9A, B; 10F [G]). At the left side, a small depression is developed in L3 just near the tube-like extension (Figs 9; 10F [Dc3l]). Laterally from the bulge, the course of the V-shaped tube-like body becomes broader in front of Dc3. Even more anteriorly, the bulge is bluntly ended (Fig. 9B [arrow]). A pair of kidney-shaped imprints is seen at both sides of the tube-like extension in the middle of the glabella (Figs 9; 10F [Dc2]). Another pair of small rounded pits is preserved in L 1 in the postero-lateral surface of the glabella (Figs 9; 10F [Dc1]). The axis of the first thoracic segment is situated below the chippedoff occipital ring and bears a transversally wide whitish spot (Figs 9; 10F [Dt1r]). A pair of small rounded, whitish spots is seen in the axis of the second, slightly clockwise-rotated thoracic segment (Figs 9; 10F [Dt2]). Another pair of similar, slightly larger spots is preserved in the axis of the third thoracic segment (Figs 9; 10F [Dt3]). The rest of the thorax of this specimen is missing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087AFFF96FFC566CCA553FBFCF834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fatka, Oldřich;Budil, Petr;Micka, Václav	Fatka, Oldřich, Budil, Petr, Micka, Václav (2026): Remains of the digestive system in the middle Cambrian trilobite Ptychoparioides henkli Kordule, 2006 (Barrandian area, Czech Republic). Geodiversitas 48 (9): 159-177, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2026v48a9
